63:
52:
43:
92:
72:
103:
112:
83:
699:
257:
both establish a "Council of
Censors" separate from the other branches of government, with the task of "recommending to the legislature the repealing of such laws as appear to them to have been enacted contrary to the principles of the constitution," an institution somewhat similar to a modern
290:, which came into effect on 2 February 1920, was the first to provide for a dedicated court for judicial review of parliamentary laws, but the court did not convene until November 1921. The organization and competences of both courts were influenced by constitutional theories of
737:
1029:
they were known as charter courts, as republics are the only federal subjects to have their own constitutions. Constitutional and charter courts were completely independent and were not subordinate courts to the
910:
330:
Following list consists countries with separate constitutional courts. Yet some other countries do not have separate constitutional courts, but instead delegate constitutional judicial authority to their
783:
889:
547:
1253:
886:. It has the power of judicial review, the power to review electoral complaints and the power to hear cases concerning complaints against referendums and popular initiatives among others.
796:
647:
567:
542:
294:. Subsequently, this idea of having a separate special constitutional court that only heard cases concerning the constitutionality of the national legislature's acts became known as the
931:
682:
677:
517:
497:
362:
1425:
Romeu F.R., The
Establishment of Constitutional Courts: A Study of 128 Democratic Constitutions, „Review of Law & Economics”, 2 (1), Washington, D.C.: CQ Press, 2006, p. 104.
552:
1717:
742:
2094:
427:
830:(state parliament), one of the three state constitutional institutions and has the power of judicial review: It may examine the compatibility of state laws with the
1863:
Constitutional Law of the
Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) from 15 June 2002 No. 16-z N 363-II "On the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)"
1517:
346:
has been called the world's oldest constitutional court because it was one of the earliest courts in the world to invalidate a law as unconstitutional (
607:
915:
772:
537:
296:
2099:
2054:
964:
442:
397:
1833:
Constitutional Law of the
Republic of Ingushetia from 28 December 2001 No. 10-RKZ "On the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Ingushetia"
1049:
788:
894:
1394:
837:
2089:
1308:
1037:
Constitutional and charter courts used to hear cases relating to conformity with regional constitutions or charters of laws adopted by
437:
131:
1410:
1139:, the constitutional courts were abolished by the republican constitutional laws in 2018 and 2019, respectively. In the republics of
1721:
1193:
467:
144:
1997:
1069:
801:
637:
452:
283:
2244:
622:
502:
170:
17:
706:
2249:
1874:
1852:
Law of the
Republic of Karelia from 7 July 2004 No. 790-ZRK "On the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Carelia"
1688:
936:
2289:
2224:
2154:
2034:
1954:
1151:, the disestablished constitutional courts were transformed into constitutional councils, without any judicial powers.
672:
522:
447:
407:
377:
343:
1929:
2229:
2164:
2139:
2129:
1367:
1124:
472:
352:), even though it is not a separate constitutional court, hearing as it does cases not touching on the Constitution.
325:
250:
165:
2269:
2259:
2239:
2234:
2199:
2174:
2079:
2064:
1901:"Суд удаляется из совещания. Госсовет Татарстана внес законопроект об упразднении конституционного суда республики"
1900:
1793:
1767:
1742:
1286:, VfGH) is the oldest constitutional court in the world established in 1921, resided in the building of the former
652:
632:
617:
612:
582:
562:
532:
422:
402:
287:
642:
2284:
2214:
2204:
2179:
2169:
2134:
2124:
2119:
2104:
2084:
2069:
2044:
2039:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
1822:
Rustam B. Mamaev. The
Establishment of Constitutional Justice Bodies in the Republics of the North Caucasus.
667:
592:
587:
557:
482:
477:
462:
387:
382:
372:
367:
357:
139:
62:
196:, i.e. whether they conflict with constitutionally established rules, rights, and freedoms, among other things.
2309:
2279:
2274:
2264:
2219:
2209:
2194:
2159:
2149:
2109:
2059:
1541:
1038:
1031:
662:
657:
602:
597:
527:
512:
412:
271:
254:
152:
126:
2254:
2184:
2144:
2114:
2074:
2049:
627:
572:
507:
492:
457:
432:
417:
392:
157:
2189:
1590:
1243:
577:
1360:
The political culture of the sister republics, 1794-1806: France, the
Netherlands, Switzerland, and Italy
1045:
decrees, and in this category of cases constitutional and charter courts were courts of single instance.
857:
1503:
1198:
1016:
764:
1382:
1990:
1233:
1110:
1026:
881:
2314:
1835:
831:
275:
267:
1055:
As for 2020, constitutional courts remained in force in the 12 (out of 22) following republics:
342:. Nonetheless, such courts are sometimes also called "constitutional courts". For example, the
240:
710:
1208:
876:
236:
214:
51:
42:
1983:
1407:
1566:
760:
8:
1615:
1095:
1012:
1203:
1175:
1158:
1090:
825:
777:
348:
189:
91:
782:), it has a number of other powers and responsibilities which are assign to it by the
1490:
1436:
1363:
1248:
1213:
1168:
1115:
1048:
Constitutional and charter courts of the federal subjects were disestablished by the
1042:
1021:
868:
279:
71:
111:
102:
1955:"Госсовет РТ ликвидировал Конституционный суд республики — вместо него будет совет"
1663:
1163:
1100:
820:
487:
193:
1975:
1930:"Госсовет Татарстана проголосовал за ликвидацию Конституционного суда республики"
1839:
1414:
1279:
1223:
768:
224:
210:
82:
192:. Its main authority is to rule on whether laws that are challenged are in fact
1794:"И суда нет. Парламент Татарстана готовится к ликвидации Конституционного суда"
1567:"Bayerischer Verfassungsgerichtshof - Bayerisches Staatsministerium der Justiz"
1518:"Bundesverfassungsgericht - International perspectives - Links to other courts"
1339:
Dudley Odell McGovney, "The
British Origin of Judicial Review of Legislation",
1148:
756:
339:
332:
232:
1878:
1696:
278:
came into effect, upon which the court gained the power to review the laws of
2303:
1395:"Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776 | PHMC > Our Documentary Heritage"
1228:
1140:
1065:
862:
336:
301:
185:
31:
1958:
1933:
1639:
1188:
204:
1862:
261:
1238:
291:
1908:
1821:
1801:
1771:
1746:
1904:
1797:
1085:
849:
228:
1851:
1842:- Constitutional Court of the Republic of Ingushetia. Official website
1254:
Association of Asian
Constitutional Courts and Equivalent Institutions
243:, envisaged an organ of magistrates reviewing constitutional law, the
1718:"Путин подписал закон об увольнении судей за отказ от гражданства РФ"
1689:"Зачем Петербургу нужен Уставный суд, рассматривающий два дела в год"
1461:
1218:
1144:
1120:
220:
30:
For highest ordinary courts with power of constitutional review, see
1875:"КС РФ разрешил окончательно упразднить Конституционный суд Бурятии"
1383:
https://sos.vermont.gov/vsara/learn/constitution/1777-constitution/
1132:
1080:
1075:
1154:
Until 2020, charter courts existed in following federal subjects:
1312:
1105:
958:
Constitutional Court of
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (VerfG MV)
815:
313:
274:, which however existed in name only until 10 October 1920, when
1295:
1059:
911:
State Constitutional Court of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen
853:
305:
300:, and it was subsequently adopted by many other countries e.g.
227:
by their courts, following shared principles of their similar
1640:"Startseite - Staatsgerichtshof der Freien Hansestadt Bremen"
1482:
988:
Constitutional Court of the Free State of Saxony (VerfGH SN)
309:
244:
335:
system, with the final decision-making power resting in the
1316:
1136:
1832:
1062:(known as the Constitutional Chamber of Adygea until 2000)
270:
established the first dedicated constitutional court, the
1957:(in Russian). Business Online. 2022-10-20. Archived from
982:
Constitutional Court of Rhineland-Palatinate (VerfGH RP)
1932:(in Russian). Idel.Realities. 2022-10-20. Archived from
1358:
Oddens, Joris; Rutjes, Mart; Jacobs, Erik (2015-05-01).
205:
Before establishment of independent constitutional court
262:
After establishment of independent constitutional court
1735:
1000:
Constitutional Court of Schleswig-Holstein (VerfG SH)
961:
State Constitutional Court of Lower Saxony (StGH NDS)
1768:"Уставный суд Свердловской области прекратил работу"
1015:
had their own constitutional courts, while in other
749:
Verfassungsgerichthof für das Land Baden-Württemberg
689:
1616:"Start | Verfassungsgericht des Landes Brandenburg"
1307:The picture shows hall for plenary sessions of the
969:
Verfassungsgericht für das Land Nordrhein-Westfalen
2005:
1357:
27:Court that deals primarily with constitutional law
994:Constitutional Court of Saxony-Anhalt (VerfG ST)
319:
2301:
1686:
1898:
1791:
965:Constitutional Court of North Rhine-Westphalia
952:State Constitutional Court of Hesse (StGH HE)
922:Staatsgerichtshof der Freien Hansestadt Bremen
1991:
1720:(in Russian). 8 December 2020. Archived from
1050:2020 amendments to the Constitution of Russia
985:Constitutional Court of Saarland (VerfGH SL)
219:Prior to 1919, the United States, Canada and
1743:"Уставный суд Петербурга ликвидируют 1 июля"
1003:Thuringian Constitutional Court (VerfGH TH)
901:Verfassungsgerichthof des Landes Brandenburg
866:
860:. It is located in the same building as the
814:) is the state constitutional court for the
755:) is the constiutional court for the German
1877:(in Russian). 24 March 2015. Archived from
856:which is simultaneously the capital of the
1998:
1984:
1591:"Verfassungsgerichtshof des Landes Berlin"
1309:Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic
231:, which they, in turn, had inherited from
121:Seats of independent constitutional courts
1437:"U.S. Court Is Now Guiding Fewer Nations"
1408:Constitutional Court of Austria - History
1319:. History of the Court follows up to 1920
767:on the state level. Besides its power of
738:Constitutional Court of Baden-Württemberg
877:Constitution of the city-state of Berlin
1770:(in Russian). July 2022. Archived from
1668:www.hamburgisches-verfassungsgericht.de
1260:
1194:Constitutional Council (disambiguation)
842:Verfassungsgerichthof des Landes Berlin
145:Federal Constitutional Court of Germany
14:
2302:
1434:
1979:
1341:University of Pennsylvania Law Review
1070:Constitutional Court of Bashkortostan
848:) is the constitutional court of the
1571:www.bayern.verfassungsgerichtshof.de
693:
239:'s constitution of 1799, written by
171:Constitutional Court of South Africa
1435:Liptak, Adam (September 17, 2008).
890:Constitutional Court of Brandenburg
24:
1664:"Hamburgisches Verfassungsgericht"
344:Supreme Court of the United States
25:
2326:
1687:Viktor Ovsyukov (25 April 2018).
1620:verfassungsgericht.brandenburg.de
1125:Constitutional Court of Tatarstan
808:Bayrischer Verfassungsgerichthof;
690:Subnational Constitutional Courts
326:List of supreme courts by country
251:1776 Constitution of Pennsylvania
166:Constitutional Court of Guatemala
2095:Democratic Republic of the Congo
943:Hamburgisches Verfassungsgericht
875:and is authorized by Article 84
697:
428:Democratic Republic of the Congo
249:, but lasted only 6 months. The
110:
101:
90:
81:
70:
61:
50:
41:
1947:
1922:
1892:
1867:
1856:
1845:
1826:
1815:
1785:
1760:
1710:
1680:
1656:
1644:www.staatsgerichtshof.bremen.de
1632:
1608:
1583:
1559:
1534:
1522:www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de
1510:
1475:
1454:
1278:Austrian Constitutional Court (
932:Constitutional Court of Hamburg
508:Republic of Korea (South Korea)
272:Constitutional Court of Austria
140:Constitutional Court of Armenia
132:Constitutional Court of Czechia
127:Constitutional Court of Austria
2006:Constitutional Courts of World
1428:
1419:
1401:
1387:
1376:
1362:. Amsterdam University Press.
1346:
1333:
1311:in the building of the former
1301:
1272:
1032:Constitutional Court of Russia
838:Constitutional Court of Berlin
320:National Constitutional Courts
276:the country's new constitution
153:Constitutional Court of Turkey
13:
1:
1899:Kirill Antonov (2022-10-20).
1792:Kirill Antonov (2021-12-15).
1326:
797:Bavarian Constitutional Court
158:Constitutional Court of Korea
1745:(in Russian). Archived from
1695:(in Russian). Archived from
1244:Rule According to Higher Law
1178:was disestablished in 2014.
255:1777 Constitution of Vermont
7:
1354:The battle over "democracy"
1181:
858:Federal Republic of Germany
824:(state government) and the
548:Republic of North Macedonia
223:had adopted the concept of
10:
2331:
1483:https://www.constcourt.tj/
1292:Bohemian Court Chancellery
1199:Constitutional institution
729:
643:Republic of China (Taiwan)
323:
208:
199:
188:that deals primarily with
29:
2011:
1462:"Tribunal Constitucional"
1291:
1234:Parliamentary sovereignty
1006:
1265:
818:. It is, along with the
280:Austria's federal states
229:common law legal systems
1597:(in German). 2023-02-01
1284:Verfassungsgerichtshof'
268:First Austrian Republic
2055:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1283:
867:
398:Bosnia and Herzegovina
258:constitutional court.
2310:Constitutional courts
1343:vol. 93, no. 1, 1–49.
1209:Constitutional review
1174:The charter court of
1039:regional legislatures
1011:Before 2020, several
816:Free State of Bavaria
237:Parthenopean Republic
215:Constitutional review
209:Further information:
1546:Baden-Württemberg.de
1294:), Judenplatz 11 in
1288:Böhmische Hofkanzlei
1261:Notes and references
1131:In the republics of
1111:North Ossetia–Alania
765:constitutional organ
711:adding missing items
182:constitutional court
18:Constitutional Court
1013:republics of Russia
2100:Dominican Republic
1838:2018-10-19 at the
1441:The New York Times
1413:2012-08-26 at the
1204:Constitutional law
1176:Chelyabinsk Oblast
1159:Kaliningrad Oblast
1091:Kabardino-Balkaria
832:state constitution
784:state constitution
709:; you can help by
443:Dominican Republic
349:Marbury v. Madison
235:colonial law. The
190:constitutional law
2297:
2296:
1542:"Zuständigkeiten"
1498:Missing or empty
1249:Venice Commission
1214:Constitutionalism
1169:Sverdlovsk Oblast
869:Oberlandesgericht
761:Baden-Württemberg
727:
726:
284:1920 Constitution
16:(Redirected from
2322:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1977:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1907:. Archived from
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1871:
1865:
1860:
1854:
1849:
1843:
1830:
1824:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1800:. Archived from
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1739:
1733:
1732:
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1577:
1563:
1557:
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1538:
1532:
1531:
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1528:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1486:
1479:
1473:
1472:
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1469:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1417:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1391:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1350:
1344:
1337:
1320:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1276:
1164:Saint Petersburg
1017:federal subjects
940:
919:
898:
885:
872:
805:
792:
781:
746:
722:
719:
701:
700:
694:
194:unconstitutional
114:
105:
94:
85:
74:
65:
54:
45:
21:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2007:
2004:
1974:
1973:
1964:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1939:
1937:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1914:
1912:
1897:
1893:
1884:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1846:
1840:Wayback Machine
1831:
1827:
1820:
1816:
1807:
1805:
1790:
1786:
1777:
1775:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1752:
1750:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1727:
1725:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1702:
1700:
1693:Busy Petersburg
1685:
1681:
1672:
1670:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1648:
1646:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1624:
1622:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1600:
1598:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1575:
1573:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1551:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1526:
1524:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1499:
1497:
1488:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1467:
1465:
1464:(in Portuguese)
1460:
1459:
1455:
1445:
1443:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1415:Wayback Machine
1406:
1402:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1351:
1347:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1323:
1306:
1302:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1224:Judicial review
1184:
1009:
971:; abbreviated:
945:; abbreviated:
934:
924:; abbreviated:
913:
903:; abbreviated:
892:
879:
844:; abbreviated:
821:Landesregierung
799:
786:
775:
773:Normenkontrolle
769:judicial review
751:; abbreviated:
740:
732:
723:
717:
714:
698:
692:
687:
328:
322:
297:Austrian System
264:
225:judicial review
217:
211:Judicial review
207:
202:
178:
177:
176:
175:
162:
149:
136:
117:
116:
115:
107:
106:
97:
96:
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77:
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75:
67:
66:
57:
56:
55:
47:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2328:
2318:
2317:
2315:Courts by type
2312:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
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2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2090:Czech Republic
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2003:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1980:
1972:
1971:
1946:
1921:
1903:(in Russian).
1891:
1866:
1855:
1844:
1825:
1814:
1796:(in Russian).
1784:
1759:
1734:
1709:
1679:
1655:
1631:
1607:
1582:
1558:
1533:
1509:
1474:
1453:
1427:
1418:
1400:
1386:
1375:
1368:
1345:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1315:Parliament in
1300:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1129:
1128:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1063:
1027:federal cities
1008:
1005:
763:and thereby a
731:
728:
725:
724:
704:
702:
691:
688:
686:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
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340:ordinary court
333:ordinary court
321:
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288:Czechoslovakia
263:
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206:
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174:
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49:
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26:
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2033:
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2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1989:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1961:on 2022-10-20
1960:
1956:
1950:
1936:on 2022-10-20
1935:
1931:
1925:
1911:on 2022-10-20
1910:
1906:
1902:
1895:
1881:on 2017-03-03
1880:
1876:
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1804:on 2021-12-17
1803:
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1749:on 2021-09-09
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1724:on 2020-12-08
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1396:
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1369:9789048522415
1365:
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1352:Mauro Lenci,
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1229:Jurisprudence
1227:
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1141:Bashkortostan
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1107:
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1066:Bashkortostan
1064:
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986:
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974:
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948:
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923:
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896:
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871:
870:
864:
863:Kammergericht
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
833:
829:
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823:
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810:abbreviated:
809:
803:
798:
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790:
785:
779:
774:
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766:
762:
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739:
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721:
712:
708:
705:This list is
703:
696:
695:
684:
681:
679:
676:
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664:
661:
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634:
631:
629:
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621:
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611:
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579:
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564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
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536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
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516:
514:
511:
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494:
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404:
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389:
386:
384:
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371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
355:
353:
351:
350:
345:
341:
338:
334:
327:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
302:Liechtenstein
299:
298:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
259:
256:
252:
248:
247:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
216:
212:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
172:
169:
167:
164:
163:
159:
156:
154:
151:
150:
146:
143:
141:
138:
137:
133:
130:
128:
125:
124:
122:
113:
104:
93:
84:
73:
64:
53:
44:
33:
32:Supreme court
19:
2245:South Africa
1963:. Retrieved
1959:the original
1949:
1938:. Retrieved
1934:the original
1924:
1913:. Retrieved
1909:the original
1894:
1883:. Retrieved
1879:the original
1869:
1858:
1847:
1828:
1817:
1806:. Retrieved
1802:the original
1787:
1776:. Retrieved
1772:the original
1762:
1751:. Retrieved
1747:the original
1737:
1726:. Retrieved
1722:the original
1712:
1701:. Retrieved
1697:the original
1692:
1682:
1671:. Retrieved
1667:
1658:
1647:. Retrieved
1643:
1634:
1623:. Retrieved
1619:
1610:
1599:. Retrieved
1594:
1585:
1574:. Retrieved
1570:
1561:
1550:. Retrieved
1545:
1536:
1525:. Retrieved
1521:
1512:
1500:|title=
1477:
1466:. Retrieved
1456:
1444:. Retrieved
1440:
1430:
1421:
1403:
1389:
1378:
1359:
1353:
1348:
1340:
1335:
1303:
1287:
1274:
1189:Constitution
1173:
1153:
1130:
1054:
1047:
1036:
1020:
1010:
1002:
997:
996:
991:
990:
987:
984:
981:
976:
972:
968:
963:
960:
955:
954:
951:
946:
942:
930:
925:
921:
909:
904:
900:
888:
861:
845:
841:
836:
826:
819:
811:
807:
795:
757:Land (state)
752:
748:
736:
733:
718:October 2023
715:
623:South Africa
347:
329:
316:(1949) etc.
295:
266:In 1919 the
265:
245:
241:Mario Pagano
218:
181:
179:
120:
2250:South Korea
1548:(in German)
1298:until 2012.
1239:Rule of law
935: [
914: [
893: [
880: [
800: [
787: [
776: [
741: [
292:Hans Kelsen
2304:Categories
2290:Uzbekistan
2225:Seychelles
2155:Kyrgyzstan
2035:Azerbaijan
1965:2022-10-20
1940:2022-10-20
1915:2022-10-20
1905:Kommersant
1885:2017-03-03
1808:2021-12-16
1798:Kommersant
1778:2022-07-26
1753:2021-09-09
1728:2020-12-09
1703:2020-03-12
1673:2023-10-24
1649:2023-10-24
1625:2023-10-24
1601:2023-10-24
1576:2023-10-24
1552:2023-10-18
1527:2023-10-18
1468:2023-02-27
1327:References
1290:(English:
1086:Ingushetia
1043:governors'
973:VerfGH NRW
850:city-state
707:incomplete
673:Uzbekistan
648:Tajikistan
568:Montenegro
543:Luxembourg
523:Kyrgyzstan
503:Kazakhstan
378:Azerbaijan
324:See also:
186:high court
2230:Singapore
2165:Lithuania
2140:Indonesia
2130:Guatemala
1219:Judiciary
1145:Tatarstan
1121:Tatarstan
967:(German:
941:(German:
920:(German:
899:(German:
846:VerfGH BE
840:(German:
812:VerfGH BY
806:(German:
753:VerfGH BW
747:(German:
608:Singapore
538:Lithuania
483:Indonesia
473:Guatemala
221:Australia
2270:Thailand
2260:Suriname
2240:Slovenia
2235:Slovakia
2200:Portugal
2175:Mongolia
2080:Colombia
2065:Bulgaria
1836:Archived
1491:cite web
1411:Archived
1313:Moravian
1182:See also
1133:Buryatia
1081:Dagestan
1076:Chechnya
947:VerfG HH
905:VerfG BB
734:Source:
683:Zimbabwe
653:Thailand
633:Suriname
618:Slovenia
613:Slovakia
588:Portugal
563:Mongolia
423:Colombia
403:Bulgaria
312:(1931),
308:(1927),
304:(1925),
2285:Ukraine
2215:Senegal
2205:Romania
2180:Myanmar
2170:Moldova
2135:Hungary
2125:Germany
2120:Georgia
2105:Ecuador
2085:Croatia
2070:Burundi
2045:Belgium
2040:Belarus
2030:Austria
2025:Armenia
2020:Algeria
2015:Albania
1446:June 7,
1106:Mari El
1096:Karelia
1022:oblasts
977:VGH NRW
926:StGH HB
827:Landtag
730:Germany
668:Ukraine
593:Romania
558:Moldova
533:Lebanon
478:Hungary
468:Germany
463:Georgia
448:Ecuador
433:Croatia
408:Myanmar
388:Belgium
383:Belarus
373:Austria
368:Armenia
358:Albania
337:supreme
314:Germany
246:eforato
233:British
200:History
2280:Uganda
2275:Turkey
2265:Taiwan
2220:Serbia
2210:Russia
2195:Poland
2160:Latvia
2150:Kosovo
2110:France
2060:Brazil
1366:
1296:Vienna
1280:German
1147:, and
1060:Adygea
1007:Russia
854:Berlin
678:Zambia
663:Uganda
658:Turkey
603:Serbia
598:Russia
583:Poland
528:Latvia
518:Kuwait
513:Kosovo
498:Jordan
363:Angola
306:Greece
282:. The
2255:Spain
2185:Niger
2145:Italy
2115:Gabon
2075:Chile
2050:Benin
1356:. In
1266:Notes
1149:Sakha
1123:(see
1116:Sakha
1068:(see
1019:like
939:]
918:]
897:]
884:]
804:]
791:]
780:]
745:]
638:Syria
628:Spain
573:Niger
553:Malta
493:Italy
458:Gabon
453:Egypt
418:Chile
393:Benin
310:Spain
184:is a
2190:Peru
1504:help
1448:2018
1364:ISBN
1317:Brno
1137:Tuva
1135:and
1101:Komi
1041:and
1025:and
998:Land
992:Land
956:Land
578:Peru
488:Iran
413:Chad
253:and
213:and
975:or
852:of
759:of
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1985:v
1968:.
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