215:
20:
872:. In the 1944 film he dies in personal combat with King Henry. In the 1989 film he is depicted as falling from his horse into the mud (historical tradition holds he was drowned in the mud due to the weight of his armour, disabled by having his horse fall on him). In the 2012 film he is shot by a longbowman after stabbing the
435:
Discontinuity in the dates for
Constable tenure may be due to an incomplete record of governmental and episcopal acts or the temporary assumption of duties by other officials or unnamed deputies during transitional periods, but there is no evidence that the role of Grand Constable was ever fully
436:
vacated or unfilled. For example, Baldric de Dreux acquired a deadly infection, became a monk, and was miraculously healed, during which time either
Baldric or the Seneschal appointed a deputy and Baldric resumed his lifelong service as Constable after recovering from his illness.
421:
such as
England etc.) on a royal prince of the blood of his choice; who thus became the Commanding general of the entire kingdom, in effect, with supreme command over the civil service, the army and even the
240:. Joyeuse was a sword made with fragments of different swords and used in the Sacre of the French Kings since at least 1271. It was contained in a blue scabbard embellished with royal symbol, the
200:) was bestowed on the most outstanding military leaders. The recipient had command authority over all the French armies and garrisons who were engaged in war, and was senior to the
282:
417:
was not a military rank, but a royal appointment. It was bestowed by the King of France during times of crisis (civil war, a severe illness of the King, war with other
326:– the highest regular general officer rank of the French army to which a career army officer could be promoted on the basis of seniority and merit, and not noble blood
256:
in 1191, the Connétable became the most important officer in the army, and as First
Officer of the Crown, he ranked in ceremonial precedence immediately after the
315:– a special category of general in the Royal French army, commanding all the regiments of the same branch of service (i.e. Cavalry, Dragoons, Infantry et al.)
1474:
1307:
1037:
1342:
720:
157:
244:, in column order from hilt to point. Traditionally, the constable was presented with the sword on taking his office by the King himself.
268:; he was also responsible for the financing of the army, and administering military justice. The official name of the jurisdiction was
1362:
639:
615:
309:). However, during exceptional times the Marshal of France could be senior to the Constable, depending on the decisions of the King
1464:
714:
667:
757:
393:
87:
1030:
890:
1459:
1380:
657:
1469:
1357:
1289:
936:
645:
555:
1494:
1375:
1314:
1023:
549:
1168:
627:
507:
1484:
597:
688:
651:
633:
756:. Bonaparte declined the offer. However, in 1808, Emperor Napoléon I (since 1804) did himself appoint the
1294:
1257:
567:
408:
375:
323:
95:
1479:
501:
1010:
787:
483:
385:
191:
798:. Both titles were of a purely honorific nature, and disappeared with the Napoleonic regime's fall.
534:
1406:
1337:
1262:
780:
673:
579:
312:
219:
214:
681:
1120:
348:
146:
in 1060 AD, with
Alberic becoming the first Constable. The office was abolished in 1627, with an
1367:
1046:
708:
99:
364:– a prestigious honorary position, not an army rank, which gave the right to carry the King's
1385:
1267:
899:
745:
1273:
1226:
845:
591:
585:
573:
528:
519:
513:
103:
38:
396:
an immediate subordinate of the King and was no longer under the command of the
Constable.
8:
1489:
1231:
865:
857:
849:
841:
741:
694:
661:
621:
609:
561:
492:
24:
1326:
752:
of the
Republic, the title of "Constable of France" if he would restore the Bourbons as
330:
165:
The position was officially replaced by the purely ceremonial title "Dean of
Marshals" (
1005:
948:
820:
471:
151:
143:
812:
426:, until the moment the King chose to take back the supreme authority in his own hands.
392:). From the beginning of the 17th century, the Grand Master of the Artillery became a
206:, but had none of the extended political powers of the earlier "Constable of France".
1352:
932:
869:
777:
603:
302:
290:
277:
264:. The constable had under his command all military officers, including the powerful
261:
257:
172:
107:
133:; or in modern French orthography which sticks closer to the correct pronunciation:
1433:
1332:
1150:
737:
733:
702:
1400:
1347:
1059:
769:
765:
542:
360:
318:
253:
111:
60:
1132:
861:
836:
828:
824:
807:
753:
445:
91:
83:
1453:
1301:
1280:
1090:
816:
339:
223:
73:
162:, in order to strengthen the immediate authority of the King over his army.
1126:
1064:
873:
749:
271:
241:
46:
791:
19:
1244:
1069:
1015:
895:
784:
237:
1251:
1157:
1143:
1102:
1426:
1163:
1137:
1109:
885:
365:
123:
was also responsible for military justice and served to regulate the
260:. He had the position of Lieutenant-general of the King within the
194:
or more precisely "Marshal
General of the King's camps and armies" (
1412:
1197:
1179:
853:
124:
275:(the constabulary), which he exercised with the assistance of the
1320:
1192:
898:– believed by some to have been appointed Constable of France by
296:
265:
232:
30:
1393:
1202:
1186:
1173:
1096:
110:. He was, at least on paper, the highest-ranking member of the
1419:
418:
147:
79:
68:
342:) – the lowest general officer rank, in later times renamed
1237:
697:, Grand Maitre de France (1492–1567), 1538–1567
624:, Comte de Dreux (died 1415– Agincourt), 1413–1415
612:, Comte de Dreux (died 1415– Agincourt), 1402–1411
230:
The badge of office was a highly elaborate sword called
187:
is used in French mainly in the sense of "the eldest".
660:(1384/1390–1453), 1445–1453 (appointed by
498:
Dreux IV de Mello (1148–1218), 1194–1218
439:
876:in the back in woodland away from the main battle.
16:
First
Officer of the Crown in the Kingdom of France
978:. Fayetteville, NC: Domesday DNA. pp. 32–35.
1451:
127:. His jurisdiction was called the Constabulary (
480:Hugues le Borgne de Chanmont, 1108–1135
382:) who was in charge of all archers in the army
297:Persons subordinate to the Constable of France
1031:
218:Constable of France sword, on display at the
201:
195:
182:
176:
166:
155:
134:
128:
118:
44:
36:
28:
197:Maréchal général des camps et armées du Roi
71:
1343:Marshal of the Mongolian People's Republic
1045:
1038:
1024:
831:) to be Constable of France for one week.
489:Simon de Neauphle-le-Chateau, 1165–?
281:(Marshals of France). This paralleled the
1363:Marshal of the German Democratic Republic
973:
640:Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham
502:Mathieu II le Grand, Baron de Montmorency
401:NOT UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE CONSTABLE:
293:, which existed in England at that time.
452:Baldric de Dreux, 20 May 1043–1069
213:
18:
844:, Comte de Dreux, who was appointed by
834:Various versions of Shakespeare's play
762:Grands Dignitaires de l'Empire Français
721:François de Bonne, Duke of Lesdiguières
668:Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol
558:and GuĂ®nes (died 1350), 1344–1350
525:Humbert VI de Beaujeu (died 1285), 1277
430:
82:of the stables') was lieutenant to the
1452:
758:Grand Dignitaries of the French Empire
727:
568:Jacques de Bourbon, Count of La Marche
158:François de Bonne, duc de Lesdiguières
1475:Military history of the Ancien RĂ©gime
1019:
552:and GuĂ®nes (d. 1344), 1329–1344
252:After the abolition of the office of
969:
967:
715:Charles d'Albert, 1st Duke of Luynes
380:Grand-Maître des Arbalétriers du Roi
171:), who was in fact the most senior "
106:) and the commander-in-chief of the
658:John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury
570:, (1319–1362) 1354–1356
477:Gaston de Chanmont, 1107–1108
390:Grand-Maître de l'Artillerie royale
142:The office was established by King
13:
868:, and by Maxime Lefrancois in the
764:), among them his younger brother
723:(1543–1626), 1622–1626
711:(1534–1614), 1593–1614
691:(1490–1527), 1518–1523
676:(1426–1488), 1483–1488
664:in his position as king of France)
636:(1365–1431), 1418–1424
606:(1341–1402), 1397–1402
600:(1358–1397), 1392–1397
594:(1336–1407), 1380–1392
588:(1320–1380), 1370–1380
582:(1308–1372), 1356–1370
537:(1249–1329), 1307–1329
346:and equivalent to the present-day
209:
14:
1506:
1358:Marshal of the Russian Federation
999:
964:
440:Constables of the Kings of France
86:, the first of the original five
992:, (Boydell Press, 2002) 250–251.
736:regime (1799–1804), the deposed
646:John Stewart, 2nd Earl of Buchan
556:Raoul II of Brienne, Count of Eu
458:Alberic (Baldric's deputy), 1060
772:by decision of his brother) as
670:(1418–1475), 1465–?
654:(1393–1458), 1425–?
550:Raoul I of Brienne, Count of Eu
455:Walter (Baldric's deputy), 1048
409:Lieutenant-general of the Realm
236:, after the legendary sword of
982:
955:
941:
921:
912:
628:Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac
1:
949:"Great Officers of the Crown"
929:The Complete Book of Heraldry
905:
598:Philip of Artois, Count of Eu
467:Adam le Isle, 1075–1085
413:Lieutenant général du royaume
1465:Offices in the Ancien RĂ©gime
961:Le petit Larousse 2013, p629
918:Le petit Larousse 2013, p361
689:Charles III, Duke of Bourbon
652:Arthur III, Duke of Brittany
634:Charles II, Duke of Lorraine
630:(died 1418), 1415–1418
618:(died 1415), 1411–1413
564:(died 1354), 1350–1354
531:(died 1302), 1277–1302
522:(died 1276), 1250–1276
516:(died 1250), 1240–1250
510:(died 1241), 1231–1240
504:(died 1231), 1218–1231
495:(died 1191), 1174–1191
247:
7:
1258:First marshal of the empire
879:
616:Waleran, Count of Saint Pol
376:Grand Master of Crossbowmen
338:), not to be confused with
283:Court of the Lord Constable
88:Great Officers of the Crown
10:
1511:
1460:Military history of France
974:Edgeworth, Daniel (2020).
648:(c. 1381–1424), 1424
576:(c. 1304–1356), 1356
394:Great Officer of the Crown
1222:
1215:
1085:
1078:
1053:
801:
486:(died 1160), 1138–?
464:Adelelme, 1071–1075
461:Gauthier, 1069–1071
386:Grand Master of Artillery
192:Marshal General of France
156:
45:
37:
29:
1470:Military ranks of France
1407:Supreme Allied Commander
1338:Marshal of the air force
1263:General of the Air Force
852:(1415). He is played by
819:), who was appointed by
781:Louis Alexandre Berthier
674:John II, Duke of Bourbon
580:Robert Moreau de Fiennes
1121:Domestic of the Schools
927:p172, Slater, Stephen,
472:Seigneur de Montmorency
336:(Military) Camp Marshal
1495:1627 disestablishments
1368:Field marshal (Uganda)
1047:Highest military ranks
848:and was killed in the
709:Henri I de Montmorency
535:Gaucher V de Châtillon
484:Mathieu de Montmorency
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202:
196:
183:
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119:
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1268:General of the Armies
778:Marshal of the Empire
740:dynasty, through the
217:
22:
1485:Constables of France
1274:Generalfeldmarschall
1227:Admiral of the fleet
1011:French Heraldry site
846:Charles VI of France
744:, allegedly offered
592:Olivier V de Clisson
586:Bertrand du Guesclin
574:Walter VI of Brienne
529:Raoul II de Clermont
520:Gilles de Trasignies
514:Humbert V de Beaujeu
431:Constables of France
424:Connétable de France
154:, upon the death of
120:Connétable de France
65:Connétable de France
39:Bertrand du Guesclin
1232:Admiral of the Navy
1116:Constable of France
891:Lord High Constable
850:Battle of Agincourt
728:First French Empire
695:Anne de Montmorency
662:Henry VI of England
562:Charles de la Cerda
493:Raoul I de Clermont
278:Maréchaux de France
203:Maréchaux de France
168:Doyen des maréchaux
57:Constable of France
27:presents the sword
25:Charles V of France
746:Napoléon Bonaparte
508:Amaury de Montfort
349:général de brigade
324:Lieutenant-general
307:Maréchal de France
228:
178:Maréchal de France
152:Cardinal Richelieu
53:
1480:Kingdom of France
1447:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1353:Marshal of Poland
1211:
1210:
988:Richard Vaughan,
840:depict Constable
604:Louis de Sancerre
474:, 1085–1107
354:brigadier-general
303:Marshal of France
291:Court of Chivalry
173:Marshal of France
35:to the Constable
1502:
1333:Marshal of Italy
1220:
1219:
1151:Magister militum
1083:
1082:
1040:
1033:
1026:
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993:
990:Charles the Bold
986:
980:
979:
971:
962:
959:
953:
952:
945:
939:
931:(Lorenz, 2002),
925:
919:
916:
842:Charles d'Albret
748:, at that time
682:Valois AngoulĂŞme
622:Charles d'Albret
610:Charles d'Albret
331:Maréchal de camp
220:Musée de l'Armée
205:
199:
190:The later title
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77:
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50:
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34:
33:
23:2 October 1369:
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1499:
1450:
1449:
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1439:
1401:Reichsmarschall
1348:Marshal of Peru
1207:
1074:
1060:General officer
1049:
1044:
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997:
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987:
983:
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946:
942:
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813:François Villon
804:
770:King of Holland
766:Louis Bonaparte
754:Kings of France
730:
442:
433:
361:Porte-Oriflamme
313:Colonel-general
299:
287:curia militaris
285:, later called
250:
212:
210:Badge of office
181:); as the word
112:French nobility
43:; miniature by
17:
12:
11:
5:
1508:
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862:Richard Easton
829:Basil Rathbone
825:King of France
808:If I Were King
803:
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796:Vice-Constable
790:and Prince of
788:Chief of Staff
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372:) into battle
371:
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340:Field Marshal
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1372:Yugoslavia
1245:Dayuanshuai
1070:Air officer
900:Charles VII
896:Joan of Arc
827:(played by
815:(played by
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768:, (in 1806
732:During the
406:The title "
334:(literally
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238:Charlemagne
136:connétablie
96:chamberlain
1490:Constables
1454:Categories
1252:Dai-gensui
1158:Megas doux
1144:Ispahsalar
1103:Autokrator
906:References
108:Royal Army
104:chancellor
1427:Yuanshuai
1169:Rigsmarsk
1164:Polemarch
1138:Imperator
1110:Beylerbey
1006:Heraldica
886:Constable
870:2012 film
866:1989 film
858:1944 film
792:Neuchâtel
774:Constable
734:Consulate
470:Thibaut,
370:Oriflamme
266:maréchaux
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92:seneschal
1413:Taewonsu
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821:Louis XI
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368:(called
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1079:Ancient
864:in the
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738:Bourbon
319:General
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1394:Mushir
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1187:ShĹŤgun
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783:, the
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642:(1430)
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419:realms
102:, and
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61:French
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860:, by
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