29:
139:
131:
187:(NAWSA) and gaining leadership of its Congressional Committee. The CU was initiated to assist the NAWSA Congressional Committee and its officers were part of that committee. The CU shared the same goal with NAWSA, to gain an amendment to the United States Constitution giving all women the right to vote. In the beginning, the CU worked within NAWSA to strengthen the declining Congressional Committee. In March 1913, after realizing the amount of work to be done, the CU became in charge of their own operations and funding but still remained affiliated with NAWSA. In the fall of 1913,
1167:
1041:
938:"Miss Helen Kellar [Keller] of Massachusetts is one of the prominent members of the Advisory Council of the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage. Miss Kellar [Keller] is known to all Americans for her marvelous intellectual and educational accomplishments, in spite of the handicap imposed upon her"
282:
formed an organization they called
Congressional Union in New York City to continue to struggle for the ERA. The women were inspired by the suffragists as Johnson noted in her book, Going Out of Our Minds: The Metaphysics of Liberation, "...we called ourselves the Congressional Union, taking the name
241:
The
Congressional Union actively campaigned for a constitutional amendment guaranteeing universal woman suffrage. Following the methods used by suffragettes in Britain, the CU fully blamed the majority party for failure to advance the Federal Suffrage Amendment. The majority party at the time was the
218:
in a highly visible office which they paid for themselves. They started women's "suffrage schools" to spread awareness about their cause and held multiple meetings each day. The CU was never organized by states or districts, but there were different branches of the organization in a number of states.
205:
in
Britain to the CU and its members. These included direct actions, organizing huge demonstrations, and the daily picketing of the White House. The CU had 4,500 members and had raised more than $ 50,000 in funds by 1914. Over time, the efforts of hundreds of members led to their arrest and sometimes
265:
at a meeting in
Chicago in 1916. The party included members of the Congressional Union, and Alice Paul was in charge. A Campaign Committee was formed within the party with Anne Martin serving as chairman. In 1917, the two organizations officially joined to form the National Woman's Party (NWP) and
246:
was president. Members traveled west and campaigned against
Democrats in hopes of impeding their reelection. They even campaigned against Democrats who approved women's suffrage, despite criticism from the National American Woman Suffrage Association. They traveled through the west by train while
191:
of NAWSA accused the CU of insubordination and financial irregularities, allegations which she later retracted. The strategies of the two organizations were conflicting and NAWSA's leadership felt threatened. In
December 1913, the National American Woman Suffrage Association selected a new
200:
The
Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage appealed to young women with a new approach in the fight for women's suffrage, inspired by the British suffragettes. Alice Paul believed women should not have to beg for their rights. Paul introduced some of the militant methods used by the
963:"Mrs. Mary Beard of New York is a member of the Executive Committee of the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage. Mrs. Beard is the wife of Professor Charles Beard of Columbia University and is joint author with him of his recent book on American Political History"
988:"Mrs. Mary Austin, of California, the noted writer, [is] a prominent member of the National Advisory Council of the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage. She is a graduate of Blackburn University where she received the degree of A.B."
283:
and philosophy from the women's suffrage group created in 1914 by Alice Paul and Lucy Burns..." At the end of June in 1982, the
Congressional Union organized a "ritual of mourning" as well as a "celebration of rebirth" for the ERA at the
247:
using a number of tactics to increase their visibility and their whistle-stop speeches attracted the attention of reporters. Their campaign resulted in the defeat of 20 Democrats who supported suffrage, much to the dismay of NAWSA.
174:
movement, which Paul and Burns had taken part in. Their continuous campaigning drew attention from congressmen, and in 1914 they were successful in forcing the amendment onto the floor for the first time in decades.
703:"Historical Overview of the National Womans Party | Articles and Essays | Women of Protest: Photographs from the Records of the National Woman's Party | Digital Collections | Library of Congress"
1711:
2150:
2562:
1905:
1910:
1890:
1880:
1641:
1900:
1895:
1885:
1875:
2536:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
845:
1838:
266:
elected Alice Paul as their chairman. After the ratification of the 19th
Amendment, the National Woman's Party launched a long campaign to secure the passage of the
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1842:
1834:
2256:
1771:
1045:
2179:
2127:
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2525:
184:
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2192:
2184:
1741:
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The
Washington headquarters was central to their work but they were also a mobile organization. The CU published a newspaper called
2096:
1785:
1484:
1310:
767:
2013:
233:
as its main cartoonist, and also published cartoons by artists such as Cornelia Barns, Boardman Robinson and Marietta Andrews.
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This organization later splitered off and a group of women including Johnson formed a new feminist organization known as
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1810:
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1703:
1522:
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743:
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1998:
1957:
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430:
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28:
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84:
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644:
638:
262:
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1993:
1947:
1341:
1083:
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2029:
1978:
1952:
1408:
1144:
870:
895:
509:
502:
2435:
2407:
2263:
1515:
1151:
916:
846:"Unsung hero: Belle Case La Follette fought for suffrage, civil rights and progressive reforms"
313:
267:
88:
456:
214:
The Congressional Union's headquarters were located on F Street in Washington, D.C., near the
2008:
1631:
1059:
1052:
138:
130:
572:
2443:
2412:
2351:
2205:
1575:
1463:
1260:
8:
2577:
2311:
1988:
1555:
1489:
1334:
1315:
1076:
363:
188:
163:
2483:
2420:
2321:
2101:
1545:
1271:
378:
917:"Turning Point Suffragist Memorial » Doris Stevens (1888 [1892?] – 1963)"
2459:
2382:
2326:
2211:
1983:
1600:
1508:
1447:
1279:
1198:
825:
749:
739:
648:
617:
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513:
462:
413:
383:
353:
284:
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2305:
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2173:
2079:
2074:
2003:
1605:
1550:
1403:
1390:
1139:
388:
303:
291:
2299:
1973:
1761:
1208:
1193:
1011:
408:
323:
226:
676:
614:
The Concise History of Woman Suffrage: Selections From History of Woman Suffrage
2425:
2106:
2089:
2069:
2059:
1570:
1565:
1413:
1384:
1126:
398:
243:
225:, featuring articles by prominent members including Alice Paul, Lucy Burns and
221:
167:
1166:
2556:
1590:
1213:
403:
373:
333:
279:
230:
215:
753:
544:
How the Vote Was Won: Woman Suffrage in the Western United States, 1868–1914
192:
Congressional Committee and formally cut ties with the Congressional Union.
2475:
2467:
1218:
1183:
896:"Turning Point Suffragist Memorial » Dora Lewis (Mrs. Lawrence Lewis)"
348:
343:
1595:
733:
338:
171:
278:
In 1981, a group of women including Mary Ann Beall and notable feminist
1585:
1357:
1203:
1188:
1099:
987:
962:
937:
368:
328:
308:
155:
151:
134:
Members of the CUWS holding brushes in front of a large billboard, 1914
112:
108:
2284:
1234:
273:
124:
National American Woman Suffrage Association Congressional Committee
1531:
183:
Alice Paul created the Congressional Union (CU) after joining the
1040:
2500:
1456:
1326:
1287:
1068:
1060:
Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage newsletter collection
1500:
735:
Going out of our minds : the metaphysics of liberation
454:
616:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. pp. 424–429.
455:
Frost-Knappman, Elizabeth; Cullen-DuPont, Kathryn (2005).
2537:
Art in the women's suffrage movement in the United States
546:. New York: New York University Press. pp. 164–165.
1480:
Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
1306:
Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
2563:
Women's suffrage advocacy groups in the United States
2257:
Centenary of Women's Suffrage Commemorative Fountain
640:
The Ideas of the Woman Suffrage Movement, 1890–1920
150:was an American organization formed in 1913 led by
501:
274:Congressional Union for the Equal Rights Amendment
819:
508:. Santa Barbara: The Moschovitis Group. pp.
2554:
643:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp.
2568:Feminist political parties in the United States
2542:Music and women's suffrage in the United States
2163:Women's suffrage organizations and publications
1256:Belmont–Paul Women's Equality National Monument
991:Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
967:Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
942:Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
822:Jailed for freedom: American women win the vote
738:. Freedom, Calif.: Crossing Press. p. 18.
707:Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
2050:National Women's Rights Convention (1850–1869)
824:(Rev ed.). Troutdale, OR: NewSage Press.
1516:
1342:
1084:
504:A History of the American Suffragist Movement
185:National American Woman Suffrage Association
33:Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage pin,
875:Archives of Women's Political Communication
499:
2193:Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial
1523:
1509:
1349:
1335:
1091:
1077:
611:
27:
2526:Women's Suffrage Centennial silver dollar
1157:Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
250:
2097:1920 United States presidential election
1266:United States ten-dollar bill (proposed)
1012:"Congressional Union for Women Suffrage"
677:"Congressional Union for Women Suffrage"
636:
137:
129:
2337:Women's Rights National Historical Park
731:
674:
142:Meeting at Coffee House, New York, 1915
2555:
2014:Suffragette bombing and arson campaign
1379:Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage
1121:Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage
1046:Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage
820:Stevens, Doris; O'Hare, Carol (1995).
815:
813:
811:
809:
683:. Spartacus Educational Publishers Ltd
148:Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage
22:Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage
2055:Trial of Susan B. Anthony (1872–1873)
1870:International Woman Suffrage Alliance
1504:
1485:Women's suffrage in the United States
1330:
1311:Women's suffrage in the United States
1072:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
87:enfranchising women" and to pass the
2593:Equal Rights Amendment organizations
2573:Progressive Era in the United States
2408:"The March of the Women" (1910 song)
2136:List of suffragists and suffragettes
1999:Women's Coronation Procession (1911)
727:
725:
723:
670:
668:
666:
664:
612:Buhle, Paul; Buhle, Mari Jo (1978).
607:
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531:
529:
495:
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491:
489:
487:
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461:. Infobase Publishing. p. 301.
426:List of suffragists and suffragettes
261:The Congressional Union created the
13:
2378:National Voting Rights Museum (US)
2342:Women's Suffrage National Monument
2158:Historiography of the Suffragettes
2112:Selma to Montgomery marches (1965)
1432:Women's Social and Political Union
1240:Women's Social and Political Union
786:
297:
203:Women's Social and Political Union
14:
2604:
2270:Turning Point Suffragist Memorial
1033:
720:
661:
590:
577:Sewall-Belmont House & Museum
560:
526:
482:
2421:"Sister Suffragette" (1964 song)
2219:Women's Rights Pioneers Monument
2065:Woman Suffrage Procession (1913)
2035:Declaration of Sentiments (1848)
1165:
1064:University of Maryland Libraries
1039:
850:Wisconsin Justice Initiative Inc
675:Simpkin, John (August 1, 2014).
178:
2234:Kate Sheppard National Memorial
1994:Battle of Downing Street (1910)
1637:1902 Commonwealth Franchise Act
1004:
980:
955:
930:
909:
888:
863:
838:
760:
242:Democratic Party, and Democrat
209:
83:"To secure an amendment to the
2045:Ohio Women's Convention (1850)
2030:Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
1374:1913 Woman Suffrage Procession
1356:
1116:1913 Woman Suffrage Procession
1098:
695:
630:
448:
436:Women's suffrage organizations
236:
16:American activist organization
1:
441:
195:
34:
2151:in majority-Muslim countries
2141:Timeline of women's suffrage
2080:Silent Sentinels (1917–1919)
2009:Open Christmas Letter (1914)
1958:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests
1530:
431:Timeline of women's suffrage
7:
2521:New Zealand ten-dollar note
2188:(Emmeline Pankhurst statue)
2102:"Give Us the Ballot" (1957)
2040:Rochester Convention (1848)
1825:Constitutional amendments:
1611:Women's liberation movement
500:Weatherford, Doris (1998).
458:Women's Suffrage in America
419:
10:
2609:
2060:Suffrage Hikes (1912–1914)
254:
85:United States Constitution
2528:(2020 U.S. commemorative)
2391:
2365:
2347:International Women's Day
2124:
2022:
1966:
1865:
1858:
1619:
1538:
1472:
1440:
1424:
1364:
1298:
1248:
1227:
1174:
1163:
1106:
637:Kraditor, Eileen (1965).
229:. The newspaper employed
166:. It was inspired by the
118:
102:
94:
79:
69:
61:
53:
45:
26:
2431:Women's suffrage in film
2402:The Women's Marseillaise
2290:Suffragette Handkerchief
2168:Women's rights activists
1948:Hong Kong 1 July marches
573:"National Woman's Party"
2532:2020 US ten-dollar bill
2516:Susan B. Anthony dollar
2453:Not for Ourselves Alone
2075:Suffrage Special (1916)
2004:Great Pilgrimage (1913)
1953:2014 Hong Kong protests
1551:Right to run for office
732:Johnson, Sonia (1987).
162:amendment guaranteeing
2583:National Woman's Party
2199:Elizabeth Cady Stanton
1848:1965 Voting Rights Act
1398:National Woman's Party
1152:Equal Rights Amendment
1135:National Woman's Party
542:Mead, Rebecca (2004).
314:Belle Case La Follette
268:Equal Rights Amendment
263:National Woman's Party
257:National Woman's Party
251:National Woman's Party
143:
135:
2180:Belmont–Paul Monument
2107:Freedom Summer (1964)
1984:Women's Sunday (1908)
1016:Spartacus Educational
681:Spartacus Educational
141:
133:
2445:Shoulder to Shoulder
2414:The Mother of Us All
2357:Women's Equality Day
2352:Susan B. Anthony Day
2206:Suffragette Memorial
1811:District of Columbia
1581:Non-resident citizen
1464:Lucy Burns Institute
1261:2012 ten-dollar coin
1048:at Wikimedia Commons
2312:Hunger Strike Medal
1989:Black Friday (1910)
1056:at Internet Archive
871:"Crystal Eastman -"
319:Caroline E. Spencer
189:Carrie Chapman Catt
23:
2455:(1999 documentary)
2322:Suffrage jewellery
1546:Universal suffrage
1272:Jailed for Freedom
379:Mary Hunter Austin
158:to campaign for a
144:
136:
21:
2588:Militant feminism
2550:
2549:
2461:Iron Jawed Angels
2383:Umbrella Movement
2327:Suffragette penny
2241:Millicent Fawcett
2212:Portrait Monument
2120:
2119:
1974:WSPU march (1906)
1791:African Americans
1709:Spain (Civil War,
1601:Compulsory voting
1498:
1497:
1449:Iron Jawed Angels
1324:
1323:
1280:Iron Jawed Angels
1199:Inez Haynes Irwin
1044:Media related to
831:978-0-939165-25-4
468:978-0-8160-5693-4
414:Sue Sheldon White
384:Mary Ritter Beard
285:National Archives
128:
127:
2600:
2373:Age of candidacy
2306:Holloway Jingles
2280:Pankhurst Centre
2251:(2008 sculpture)
2174:Leser v. Garnett
1979:Mud March (1907)
1863:
1862:
1796:Native Americans
1606:Disfranchisement
1525:
1518:
1511:
1502:
1501:
1490:Women's suffrage
1404:Silent Sentinels
1391:Suffrage Special
1351:
1344:
1337:
1328:
1327:
1316:Women's suffrage
1169:
1140:Silent Sentinels
1093:
1086:
1079:
1070:
1069:
1043:
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523:
507:
497:
480:
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477:
475:
452:
389:Maria Montessori
304:Abby Scott Baker
292:A Group of Women
164:women's suffrage
39:
36:
31:
24:
20:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2511:(upcoming film)
2437:Votes for Women
2393:
2387:
2361:
2300:Holloway brooch
2295:Holloway banner
2126:
2116:
2085:Night of Terror
2018:
1962:
1854:
1615:
1534:
1529:
1499:
1494:
1468:
1436:
1420:
1409:Night of Terror
1366:
1365:Suffrage events
1360:
1355:
1325:
1320:
1294:
1244:
1223:
1209:Inez Milholland
1194:Crystal Eastman
1176:
1170:
1161:
1145:Night of Terror
1108:
1102:
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1036:
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1020:
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774:. June 30, 1982
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449:
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364:Lucy G. Branham
324:Crystal Eastman
300:
298:Notable members
276:
259:
253:
239:
227:Inez Milholland
212:
198:
181:
121:
120:Formerly called
105:
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2504:(2022 musical)
2497:
2496:(2018 musical)
2489:
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2473:
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2428:
2426:Suffrage plays
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2249:Great Petition
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2186:Rise up, Women
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2148:
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2121:
2118:
2117:
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2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2090:Prison Special
2087:
2077:
2072:
2070:Suffrage Torch
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
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2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2011:
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2001:
1996:
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1742:Cayman Islands
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2317:Justice Bell
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1872:conferences
1539:Basic topics
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1448:
1400:(co-founder)
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1378:
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1219:Mabel Vernon
1184:Alva Belmont
1125:
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1019:. Retrieved
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778:September 5,
776:. Retrieved
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710:. Retrieved
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474:February 21,
472:. Retrieved
457:
450:
409:Rose Winslow
349:Mabel Vernon
344:Helen Keller
289:
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220:
213:
210:Organization
199:
182:
147:
145:
95:Headquarters
46:Abbreviation
18:
2487:(2015 film)
2485:Suffragette
2479:(2014 film)
2463:(2004 film)
2439:(1912 film)
2275:Eagle House
2128:(memorials)
1816:Puerto Rico
1727:Switzerland
1704:New Zealand
1596:Suffragette
1576:Non-citizen
1451:(2004 film)
1283:(2004 film)
1275:(1920 book)
339:Dorothy Day
237:Campaigning
172:suffragette
38: 1914
2578:Alice Paul
2557:Categories
2264:Resilience
1806:foreigners
1712:Francoist)
1642:aboriginal
1620:By country
1586:Voting age
1358:Lucy Burns
1204:Dora Lewis
1189:Lucy Burns
1177:associates
1100:Alice Paul
654:0393014495
623:0252006690
553:0814757227
519:1576070654
442:References
369:Lucy Burns
354:Mary Beard
329:Dora Lewis
309:Alice Paul
196:Initiative
156:Lucy Burns
152:Alice Paul
113:Lucy Burns
109:Alice Paul
104:Key people
57:April 1913
49:CU or CUWS
2285:Paulsdale
1717:Sri Lanka
1674:Hong Kong
1632:Australia
1235:Paulsdale
687:March 31,
62:Dissolved
54:Formation
1747:Scotland
1664:Colombia
1532:Suffrage
754:15550086
582:April 7,
420:See also
2509:Lioness
2394:culture
2392:Popular
2366:Related
2226:Forward
1669:Ecuador
1627:Austria
1473:Related
1299:Related
1021:May 31,
996:May 31,
972:May 31,
947:May 31,
922:May 31,
901:May 31,
880:May 31,
855:May 31,
645:231–233
510:197–205
80:Purpose
2493:Sylvia
2243:statue
2228:statue
2201:statue
1859:Events
1821:states
1801:felons
1722:Sweden
1699:Mexico
1689:Kuwait
1654:Canada
1441:Legacy
1249:Legacy
828:
752:
742:
651:
620:
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516:
465:
2501:Suffs
2477:Selma
2125:Women
1786:women
1758:laws
1752:Wales
1737:women
1684:Japan
1679:India
1659:Chile
1647:women
1571:Youth
1566:Black
1556:Women
1457:Suffs
1288:Suffs
1175:Main
768:"ERA"
40:–1917
1941:14th
1936:13th
1931:12th
1926:11th
1921:10th
1843:26th
1839:24th
1835:23rd
1831:19th
1827:15th
1772:1928
1767:1918
1762:1832
1425:Life
1228:Life
1023:2024
998:2024
974:2024
949:2024
924:2024
903:2024
882:2024
857:2024
826:ISBN
780:2022
750:OCLC
740:ISBN
714:2022
689:2015
649:ISBN
618:ISBN
584:2015
548:ISBN
514:ISBN
476:2011
463:ISBN
154:and
146:The
70:Type
65:1916
1916:9th
1911:8th
1906:7th
1901:6th
1896:5th
1891:4th
1886:3rd
1881:2nd
1876:1st
1833:,
1561:Men
294:."
170:'s
89:ERA
74:NGO
2559::
2146:US
2023:US
1967:UK
1841:,
1837:,
1829:,
1062:-
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478:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
