Carrie Chapman Catt

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speeches calling for only white women to have the vote. Catt's reply: "We are all of us apt to be arrogant on the score of our Anglo-Saxon blood but we must remember that ages ago the ancestors of the Anglo-Saxons were regarded as so low and embruted that the Romans refused to have them for slaves. The Anglo-Saxon is the dominant race today but things may change. The race that will be dominant through the ages will be the one that proves itself the most worthy. ... Miss Kearney is right in saying that the race problem is the problem of the whole country and not that of the South alone. The responsibility for it is partly ours but if the North shipped slaves to the South and sold them, remember that the North has sent some money since then into the South to help undo part of the wrong that it did to you and to them. Let us try to get nearer together and to understand each other's ideas on the race question and solve it together."

602:– for their "ever buoyant hope" and "unswerving courage and determination." She also wanted the convention to "express the joy of the present" and "ask what political parties wanted of women and they of the parties." In an inspirational speech to the 700 members present, Catt outlined the plan and purpose of the League. She emphasized that its objective was not to seek power in organization, but to "foster education in citizenship and to support legislation." Every woman was encouraged to become a registered voter and work within the party of her choice. However, she emphasized that "as an organization," the League "shall be allied with and support no party." Catt continued that the League "must be nonpartisan and all partisan" in leading the way – ahead of the political parties – to educate for citizenship and get legislation passed." 1009:

the responsibilities of citizenship. In the 1959, this fund was used to sponsor a "Government in Action" program at Syracuse University. The Ames/Story County (Iowa) League has bestowed its Carrie Chapman Catt Award, which recognizes a member's contribution to the community, since 1993. The League of Women Voters of Iowa also bestows a Carrie Chapman Catt Award annually, recognizing the significant accomplishments of one of its members. The League of Women Voters of Dane County, which includes Catt's birthplace of Ripon, Wisconsin, instituted its Carrie Chapman Catt Award in 2005 and the League of Women Voters of Lake Forest/Lake Bluff (Illinois) has presented its Carrie Chapman Catt Award since 2013.

1216:, Leo Chapman purchased and began to publish the weekly Mason City Republican newspaper. A supporter of women's suffrage, he and Lane became engaged and were married at the Lane family home on February 12, 1885. The two began publishing the weekly newspaper as co-editors. In May 1886, having sold the newspaper due to a libel suit, Leo left for San Francisco to find a job in a newspaper while Carrie stayed in Iowa and lived with her parents until he sent word that he had found work and a home for them. In August 1886, Carrie received a telegram that Leo was very ill with typhoid fever and she should come at once. By the time she reached San Francisco on the train, he was dead. 1152:

qualify. Consequently, Catt signed over $ 100,000 in bonds ($ 3.39 million in 2023 dollars) to the university to honor George Catt's wishes. The George W. Catt Endowment continues to award scholarships to several students in different fields of study each year. Selection is based on academic achievement and financial need. A few years after her husband's death, Catt donated another $ 22,500 to Iowa State and in 1926, donated $ 6,000 to her sorority, Pi Beta Phi, equivalent to $ 103,000 in 2023 dollars. She also left her personal library of over 1,000 volumes, many on the subject of peace, to the university, along with some furniture and other personal belongings.

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in South Africa (Cape Town, Johannesburg, Durban, Pretoria and a Kaffir kraal in Maritzburg); up the east coast of Africa to Zanzibar, Tanzania and Port Said; Egypt; then on to Jericho, Jordan, Riyaq and Beirut, Lebanon, and to Cairo, where she departed for Ceylon; then India, starting in Agra and leaving the continent in Rangoon, Myanmar (Burma). From there, it was on to Java, Sumatra, Jakarta, Indonesia, the island of Sulawesi and the Philippines. One of the last countries on Catt's travels was China, where she visited Hong Kong, Shanghai, Peking, Nanking, and Hankow. She then traveled to Korea, Japan, Hawaii, and across the Pacific back to San Francisco.

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Cure of War (NCCCW). The group first met in spring 1924 and chose Catt to be its leader. The group divided the causes of war into four categories: psychological, economic, political, and social and contributory. They did not include the exclusion of women from politics and the public sphere as a cause, even though they believed in equality for women. The organization believed that it was their job as women to end wars because women were seen as morally courageous, in contrast to their male counterparts who were viewed as physically courageous.

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with you in the first lap of this struggle toward women's emancipation,' she said." Maud Wood Parks was elected president of the League of Women Voters with Catt accepting the title of "honorary chairman." Convention delegates also surprised Catt with a brooch consisting of a large sapphire surrounded by diamonds for her "distinguished service." National's parting gift to Catt was funded by thousands of individual contributions – including dimes, nickels and even pennies – from public subscription. Even schoolchildren contributed to the gift.

773:. Catt expressed this argument most fully in 1917. In her book chapter "Objections to the Federal Amendment." Catt wrote, "white supremacy will be strengthened, not weakened by women's suffrage," and used 1910 Census data to argue that white voters (men and women) will outnumber black voters (men and women) in all Southern states other than Mississippi and South Carolina. Catt, however, goes on to state that this argument, along with other objections to the federal amendment, are "ridiculous" and states that "all people must be included." 1224:

but that he couldn't work at reforming and earn a living at the same time; but what he could do was earn living enough for two and free me from all economic burden, and thus I could reform for two. That was our bargain and we happily understood each other." Both traveled extensively for their work, but also found time to travel together. On October 8, 1905, George Catt died from a perforated ulcer at the age of 45. George Catt had been a successful engineer and his estate left Catt financially independent for the rest of her life.

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voter turnout was 63 percent compared to 53 percent for men, a difference of 10 million voters. Also starting in 1980, men and women's vote choices began to diverge, with women being more likely to vote for Democratic candidates and to express support for the Democratic Party. This gender gap is now a durable fixture in American politics, present at the presidential level and in many down ballot races. The largest gender gap was in 2020 with a 12 percentage point advantage to the Democratic nominee,

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African American suffragist Mary Church Terrell was one of the delegates from the United States and addressed the meeting in three languages. Each international meeting was held in a different city, membership grew, and successes in women's rights were reported and discussed. The international meeting held in Budapest in 1913 was the largest in the history of the organization, with 500 delegates attending. The world's press had 230 representatives and 2,800 visitors came to listen and learn.

420:, who was NAWSA's chief lobbyist at this time, Catt's Winning Plan had four components: First, the states where women had presidential suffrage would lobby their state legislatures to send resolutions to Congress in support of a federal amendment. Second, women living in states where they might secure suffrage by state action would attempt to secure it. Third, suffragists in most states would advocate for presidential suffrage, and fourth, Southern states would advocate for primary suffrage. 591:

western and Midwestern states in eight weeks. Her group also met with women and visited state capitals to see governors and other important state officials. By the time of NAWSA's "victory convention," which met February 12–18, 1920, in Chicago, 31 of the required 36 states had ratified the 19th Amendment. The 1920 convention marked the completion of NAWSA's work, except for a small board to make final disposition of records and assets, and the beginning of the League of Women Voters.

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Florence Fenwick Miller of England, and Catt together wrote a Declaration of Principles that all the delegates signed that included this statement: "That men and women are born equally free and independent members of the human race; equally endowed with talents and intelligence, and equally entitled to the free exercise of their individual rights and liberty." This formed the beginning of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance, an organization that exists today as the

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France, Japan, China, India and the United States. The board asked women of the enfranchised countries to help further the vote in countries without the vote. The United States was to organize efforts in Jamaica, Cuba and South America, which was the only continent where no women had the vote. A member of the League of Woman Voters suggested that a Pan-American conference be held in 1922. After three days of round-table discussions, Catt had organized the

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six of whom were female. Catt joined the Crescent Literary Society, a student organization aimed at advancing student learning skills and self-confidence. Although only men were allowed to speak extemporaneously in meetings, Catt demanded to be allowed to do the same thing. This started a discussion about women's participation in the group and ultimately led to women gaining the right to speak in meetings. Catt was also a member of

807:". In her 1909 address to ISWA, Catt stated, "...our task will not be fulfilled until the women of the whole world have been rescued from those discriminations and injustices which in every land are visited upon them in law and custom." In 1918, when Catt was president, NAWSA lobbied Congress to amend the Hawaii Organic Act to allow the territory to enfranchise women, including Native Hawaiian women. In 1924, Catt condemned the 792:, stating "the struggle for woman suffrage is not white woman's struggle but every woman's struggle. ... Everybody counts in applying democracy. And there will never be a true democracy until every responsible and law-abiding adult in it, without regard to race, sex, color or creed has his or her own inalienable and unpurchasable voice in the government. That is the democratic goal toward which the world is striving today." 539:(IWSA) in 1902, which eventually incorporated sympathetic associations in 32 nations. She served as its president from 1904 until 1923. After George Catt's death in 1905, Catt spent much of the following eight years as IWSA president promoting equal-suffrage rights worldwide. After she retired from NAWSA, she continued to help women around the world to gain the right to vote. The IWSA remains in existence today, now as the 5835: 364:, in which Stanton challenged traditional religious beliefs that women are inferior to men and should be passive. Many NAWSA members feared that the book would damage the suffrage movement by alienating its more orthodox members. Catt and Anthony, NAWSA's president at the time, met with Stanton prior to its publication to voice their concerns, but Stanton was unmoved. Catt and another future NAWSA president, 446:

amendment, which passed by one more vote needed for the required 2/3 majority. The following day, Catt wrote all of the state suffrage association presidents asking them to begin work at once to win the votes of the U.S. Senators. The vote in the Senate was finally taken on October 1, 1918, and the proposed amendment lost by two votes. On November 11, 1918, the armistice ending World War I was declared.

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Bell that the Nineteenth Amendment would destroy white supremacy in Georgia since the amendment had enfranchised enough women." In South Carolina, African American women "apparently took the white male registrars by surprise, and no plan to disqualify them was in effect. Many Black women reported to the registrar's office, but the only discrimination was that whites were registered first."

464:, "Never in the history of politics has there been such a force for evil, such a nefarious lobby as labored to block the advance of suffrage in Nashville, Tenn. ... They appropriated our telegrams, tapped our telephones, listened outside our windows and transoms. They attacked our private and public lives." The vote count was so close that each side believed it could easily be defeated. 665:

the member organizations had withdrawn and the biennial conference was cancelled for lack of funds. In spring 1943, the NCCCW was dissolved. It was succeeded by the Women's Action Committee for Victory and Lasting Peace, which was dedicated to giving support to the idea of the United Nations. According to Jacqueline Van Voris, Catt missed only one NCCCW meeting in its entire existence.

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still be dangerous. She could not afford it to stand. ... When pressed for the source of his allegations about Catt's views on interracial marriage, Candler had to admit he stretched the truth a bit, connected dots in a most haphazard way. He said he'd based his claim on a published interview with Catt in which she was quoted as saying, "Suffrage knows no bias of race, color or sex."

676:. Catt pressured the U.S. government to ease immigration laws so that Jews could more easily take refuge in America. For her efforts, she became the first woman to receive the American Hebrew Medal. In 1938, Catt was a charter member of the Provisional Council Against Anti-Semitism, to protest acts of anti-Semitism in the United States in light of the persecution of Jews in Germany. 1103:

for other reasons. It remains the largest single extension of suffrage in American history. This included three million African American women of voting age, approximately 500,000 of whom lived in the 34 states outside the Deep South. By 1960, the last Census before the Voting Rights Act was passed, more than two million African American women in these 34 states were enfranchised.

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place to the other races of the world. We stole land – whole continents; we stole it at the point of swords and guns; and we might as well understand that we must not have an acre to a man while they have an inch to a man. We must leave the door open to whatever arrangements we may make for peace in order that justice can be done to all the races on all the continents."

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into their state legislatures. One by one, Southern states voted the measure down: in Georgia, Alabama, Virginia, Maryland, South Carolina, Delaware, Florida, North Carolina, Louisiana and Mississippi. Since the late 19th century, they had passed state amendments that effectively disfranchised African American males. They had no interest in expanding the franchise.

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clear that its work for suffrage would continue since it was "the protective of all other rights." On April 2, 1917, President Wilson went before Congress to request a declaration of war. The position paper from NAWSA with Catt as its president led to her ejection from the Woman's Peace Party as well as hard feelings between her and its small cohort of pacifists.

1255:, a suffragist leader from New York. Hay was not a part of the international circle of elites that Catt aligned herself with; however, it was understood that they had a special relationship. Catt requested burial alongside Hay, rather than her first husband. Her second husband's body was donated to science, according to his wishes. When Hay died in 1928, 978:

for her peace activism. In 1940, Catt received an honorary doctor of laws degree from Moravian College for Women, the American Women's Association's "Woman of the Year Award, and the Gold Medal Pioneer Award from the General Federation of Women's Clubs. In 1941, Catt received the Chi Omega award at the White House from her longtime friend

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African American women in the South were again disenfranchised by discriminatory laws and practices. Puerto Rican women were not fully enfranchised until 1935. Likewise, Native American women who did not renounce their tribal citizenship were not eligible to vote in 1920 and Chinese American women were not eligible to vote because of the

224:. She "led an army of voteless women in 1919 to pressure Congress to pass the constitutional amendment giving them the right to vote and convinced state legislatures to ratify it in 1920". She "was one of the best-known women in the United States in the first half of the twentieth century and was on all lists of famous American women." 687:'s request to emigrate to the U.S. Catt had donated money to a fund that supported the Hungarian Feminist Association financially. She declined the affidavit request, noting that was she was old, had taken much responsibility on behalf of friends and associates, and the affidavit would be held against her estate after her death. 844:. In the same year, at the founding of the League of Women Voters, Catt called upon the new organization to "To remove the remaining legal discriminations against women in the codes and constitutions of the several states in order that the feet of coming women may find these stumbling blocks removed." 1106:

In addition, some African American women living in the South were able to register and vote in 1920. According to historian Roslyn Terborg-Penn, "...Black female participation in the elective process during 1920 was extensive enough to occasion a prediction from Georgia State Representative Thomas M.

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In 1992, the Charles City, Iowa school district named its alternative high school "Carrie Lane High School" in honor of Catt. In 2019, Iowa Secretary of State Paul Pate announced the Carrie Chapman Catt Award, which it awards to every Iowa high school that registers to vote at least 90 percent of its

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African American suffragist Mary Church Terrell memorialized Catt in a telegram: "The whole world has lost a great, good, and gifted woman who, for many years, pleaded with it to deal justly with all human beings without regard to sex, race, or religion. Personally, I have lost a dear friend who for

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lobby during the Tennessee debate, condemned Catt after Tennessee ratified the 19th Amendment, "...I am not sure that this new party spells more serious menace to civilization than the picture, recently, of the great international suffrage leader, Mrs. Catt, marching through the streets of New York,

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In 1932, Catt resigned as chair of the NCCCW, but kept attending meetings, making speeches and supporting the cause of peace. However, she recognized that another war would soon engulf the world. By 1941, when it was clear that the United States would soon enter the war, the NCCCW fell apart. Five of

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was ratified, granting women in the United States the right to vote, Catt returned to the peace movement. Because she did not want to join any existing organization, Catt and representatives of nine national women's organizations founded their own organization, the National Committee on the Cause and

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Catt led the battle for ratification of the 19th Amendment, which required the approval of 36 state legislatures (3/4 of the then 48 states.) She urged friends of the amendment not to allow it to come to a vote in their state unless they were sure it would pass. However, opponents introduced the bill

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She was a young 28- and 29-year-old widow when she wrote "Zenobia" (1887) and "The American Sovereign" (1888). In 1890, she married George Catt, a wealthy engineer and alumnus of Iowa State University. Catt continued to lecture and wrote the speeches "Subject and Sovereign" in 1893 and "Danger to Our

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The 19th Amendment did not prohibit other forms of discrimination against women voters. For instance, no women were allowed to vote in Georgia or Mississippi in 1920 because state legislatures were not called into special session to pass the enabling legislation. Similarly, by the end of the decade,

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As President of the nation's largest women's suffrage organization when the 19th Amendment was ratified, women's voting rights are part of Catt's legacy. The 19th Amendment enfranchised approximately 27 million American women. The amendment extended to women of all races who were not disenfranchised

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oversimplifications that scapegoat immigrants. Nevertheless, both 'America' lectures proved popular and were well received by audiences that included dedicated feminists. In part the attraction to these ideas came from the women's frustration with the laws that denied them the vote while offering it

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On February 25, 1917, by a vote of 63 to 18, NAWSA – with Catt as its president – offered the women's services to the government of the United States "in the event they should be needed, and in so far as we are authorized, we pledge the loyal support of our more than two million members." NAWSA made

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Virgin Islands and Hong Kong. According to its website, Leagues "work year-round to register new voters, host community forums and debates, and provide voters with election information they need. We engage at the local and state levels on legislative priorities and efforts to improve our elections."

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In her presidential address on March 24, 1919, at the NAWSA convention, Catt said: "Let us raise up a League of Women Voters – the name and form of organization to be determined by the voters themselves; a League that shall be non-partisan and non-sectarian in character and that shall be consecrated

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Catt made the controversial decision to support the war effort, which shifted the public's perception in favor of the suffragists, who were now perceived as patriotic. The suffrage movement received the support of President Wilson in January 1918. On January 10, 1918, the House voted on the suffrage

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In her first year as NAWSA president, she led a delegation to the 1900 Republican Party national convention, which allowed the suffragists 10 minutes to speak. The Democrats refused to hear them at all. That year in Oregon, a second campaign for woman suffrage failed. During the winter of 1902–1903,

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Theirs was the deep love of two mature and committed people, each of whom respected the other's talents. The newly named Carrie Chapman Catt even told of the arrangement they made before they married, "We made a team to work for the cause. My husband used to say that he was as much a reformer as I,

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In 1992, Iowa State University established the Carrie Chapman Catt Center for Women and Politics. The Catt Center conducts research on women in politics, with a special emphasis on Iowa, and promotes civic engagement on campus and in the community. The Catt Center instituted its Carrie Chapman Catt

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magazine and, in 1930, she received the Pictorial Review Award for her international disarmament work. In 1933, Catt received the American Hebrew Medal; in 1935, the Turkish government issued a stamp to honor her work, and in 1936, she was honored by President Franklin Roosevelt at the White House

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In September 1917, the NAWSA Executive Board, under Catt's leadership, passed a resolution "of some importance," which stated, "Resolved, That this board set forth its belief in and its stand for that broad type of American democracy that knows no bias on the ground of race, color, creed or sex; to

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In addition to the national League, women's suffrage organizations in the states also reorganized as state leagues of women voters in 1920. In 2020, the League of Women Voters comprises a national organization and more than 700 state and local leagues in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, the

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Due to the outbreak of World War I, 1913 would be the last meeting of the IWSA for some years. Three days after the armistice ending the war in 1918, Catt planned to resume the meetings of the IWSA. The 1920 meeting took place in Geneva and more than 400 women met, including delegates from Germany,

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Following her first term as president of NAWSA, Catt engaged in international suffrage work from 1906 to 1913. On a single trip around the world from departure from New York on April 1, 1911, to arrival in San Francisco on November 4, 1912, Catt spoke and/or organized women's suffrage organizations

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During the national NAWSA convention held in New Orleans in 1903, Catt and Anthony were attacked by the press for allowing black membership in NAWSA and, in the case of Anthony, for permitting a letter she had written to be read before an all-black audience in New York City. Southern delegates made

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Catt's father was initially reluctant to allow her to attend college, but he relented, contributing only a part of the costs. To pay her expenses, Catt worked as a dishwasher, in the school library, and as a teacher at rural schools during school breaks. Her freshman class consisted of 27 students,

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and the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The League – which includes the national organization founded by Catt on February 14, 1920, as well as more than 700 state and local leagues throughout the United States – is a respected, nonpartisan political organization that continues to educate

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and the building was dedicated in 1995 after a $ 5 million renovation. Naming the building after Catt engendered controversy, with some in the university community objecting to the naming because they said Catt was a racist. In March 2021, the university announced the formation of the Committee on

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Women's voter turnout was approximately 38 percent in 1920, compared to over 65 percent for men. Women's voter turnout rates lagged behind men's, but gradually rose over time. Women became the numerical majority of voters in 1968 and began to vote at higher rates than men in 1980. By 2016, women's

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The League of Women Voters often honors Catt as its founder. In 1929, the League placed bronze tablets honoring her contributions to suffrage throughout the country. In 1947, the national League established the Carrie Chapman Catt Memorial Fund, which promoted suffrage aboard, voter education, and

1005:. In 1992, the Iowa Centennial Memorial Foundation presented her with The Iowa Award, the state's highest honor, and named her one of the ten most important women of the century, and in 2013, Catt was in the first class of women to be honored on the Women of Achievement Bridge in Des Moines, Iowa. 660:

The NCCCW held its first conference in Washington, D.C., in January 1925, with 450 delegates in attendance. Eleanor Roosevelt attended as a delegate from the General Federation of Women's Clubs. Catt told the delegates, "Sooner or later the white races must disgorge some of their spoils and give a

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In fall 1919, Catt promoted ratification of the 19th Amendment – which had been passed by Congress earlier that year – by the states and explained the purpose of the League of Women Voters on a "Wake Up America" tour. Wearing her refurbished "ratification dress," Catt spoke at 14 conferences in 13

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Catt founded the League of Women Voters on February 14, 1920 – six months before the ratification of the 19th Amendment – during the annual convention of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in Chicago, Illinois. However, she had outlined the purpose and goals of such an organization a

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During a second vote in the Senate on February 10, 1919, the women's suffrage amendment lost by one vote. However, during the 1918 election, suffrage supporters were elected to Congress through targeted efforts by leaders in the movement. The suffrage question came up again before the House on May

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In 1900, Catt became president of the NAWSA as Susan B. Anthony's handpicked successor. Anthony knew Catt had the skills to carry the movement forward and her election to the presidency was nearly unanimous. She served her first term as NAWSA president until 1904, when she stepped down to care for

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After working her first suffrage campaign in South Dakota in 1890, which went down in defeat, Catt was asked to coordinate the suffrage campaign in Colorado. She arrived in Denver in early September 1893 and worked until Election Day. Catt traveled more than a thousand miles throughout the Rockies

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were key allies in Catt's campaign to secure the vote in New York. Moreover, Catt's Woman Suffrage Party, the leading pro-suffrage organization in the New York, actively sought immigrant support by publishing pro-suffrage literature in 26 languages; hosting rallies in Irish, Yiddish, Italian, and

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At the 1920 convention, the League's constitution with details for membership, officers, representation and budget was approved. According to Van Voris, "Catt insisted she did not want to lead the new work, that was for younger and fresher women. ‘For thirty years and a little more, I have worked

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While in San Francisco, she happened to meet George Catt, who was walking behind her on a downtown street. The two had been in college together, and he was about to become the chief engineer for a San Francisco bridge-building firm. In August 1887, Chapman moved back to Iowa, but the two kept in

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Catt was right that mixed-marriage was a toxic topic and woman suffrage could not afford to be in any way associated with it. She'd never said anything about marriage between the races; the allegation was a calculated lie, manufactured by the Antis and mouthed by their man Candler, but it could

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Catt first had the idea of an international woman suffrage organization in 1900; by 1902 she decided to begin with an exploratory meeting of women from as many countries as possible. The first meeting of the IWSA was held in Berlin, Germany, with 33 delegates present. Catt was elected president.

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Iowa State University named a street, Carrie Lane Court, in Catt's honor. As early as 1974, the Government of the Student Body passed a resolution requesting that the new physical education building be named for Catt. The naming committee chair opposed the idea, stating he did not want a "Catt

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Catt attained recognition for her work both during and after her lifetime. In 1921, Catt became the first woman to receive an honorary doctorate from the University of Wyoming. In 1923, Catt was named one of the "12 Greatest Living American Women" by the League of Women Voters and in 1925, she

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As NAWSA President, Catt opposed diluting the 19th Amendment by adding the word "white" or by espousing the alternative Shafroth–Palmer Amendment, which would have allowed states the autonomy to draft suffrage legislation as they saw fit. Similarly, in separate letters written in May 1919, Catt

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The following year, Catt traveled to Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, Peru and Panama. She concluded, "I never did a piece of work which has so interested and stimulated my desires to help as this." While visiting Peru in March 1923, Catt founded the National Council of Women in Action, which

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At her welcome home reception in New York City, Catt said: "Now that we have the vote let us remember we are no longer petitioners. We are not wards of the nation, but free and equal citizens. Let us do our part to keep it a true and triumphant democracy." After endless lobbying by Catt and the

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When George Catt died in 1905, he left a donation to Iowa State in his will. However, New York state attorneys determined that the donation was not permissible, since under New York law, bequests could only be awarded to an individual or an incorporated entity. Iowa State, at the time, did not

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for these groups' shortcomings as voters. Her solutions were education and reform, not disenfranchisement. Even as she decried the "ignorant foreign vote", Catt refers to the "citizens of foreign birth who desire good government", whose "life and property" are threatened by political machines.

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Under Catt's leadership, the movement focused on success by first working for women's suffrage in New York state. Before 1917, only western states had granted female suffrage. After a 1915 campaign failed to win women in New York the right to vote, Catt redoubled her efforts. In 1917 the state

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In 1902, Catt called for an international meeting of women that would coincide with the annual convention of NAWSA. Seven of the eight countries with women's suffrage sent delegates. Representatives from Chile, Hungary, Russia, Turkey and Switzerland also attended. Vida Goldstein of Australia,

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Catt's childhood home in Charles City, Iowa has been restored, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and is now a museum dedicated to her life and legacy as well as the history of the women's suffrage movement. It is managed by the nonprofit organization, the National Nineteenth

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In 1887, Catt returned to Charles City, where she had grown up, and became involved in the Iowa Woman Suffrage Association. From 1890-92, Catt served as the Iowa association's state organizer and group's recording secretary. During her time in office, Catt began working nationally for the

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In 1921, Catt became the first woman to deliver a commencement address at Iowa State University when she also received an honorary doctor of laws degree. She was invited to speak again in 1930 and in 1933, received the Iowa State Alumni Association Merit Award for Distinguished Service.

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in 1915, a group of women pacifists in the United States began talking about the need to form an organization to help bring the conflict to an end. On January 10, 1915, more than 3,000 women attended a meeting at the Willard Hotel in Washington, D.C., called by Catt and fellow suffragist

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Catt retired from her national suffrage work after the 19th Amendment was ratified in 1920. Before she retired, she established the League of Women Voters on February 14, 1920, at the NAWSA national convention in Chicago to encourage women to use their right to vote. In 1923, with

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By the 1895 national convention of the NAWSA, Catt was proposing major changes in the structure of the organization. "The great need of the hour is organization. Suffrage is today the strongest reform there is in this country, but it is represented by the weakest organization", the

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reported, "stated that she, too, had been a worshipper at the shrine of Mrs. Catt until shortly after the ratification when one of her first acts was to appeal to the southern women to assist in seeing that negro women had the right to exercise the franchise." Similarly,

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21, 1919, and this time it passed by a vote of 304 ayes and 89 nays. The amendment then moved to the Senate, where it passed the needed 2/3 majority by two votes on June 4. Mary Garrett Hay wrote that "CCC danced all over the place and then settled down to THINK."

672:'s rise to power, Catt organized the Protest Committee of Non-Jewish Women Against the Persecution of Jews in Germany. The group sent a letter of protest to Hitler in August 1933 signed by 9,000 non-Jewish American women. It decried acts of violence and 782:

the end that Americans may stand united, not as Irish-Americans, German-Americans, Negro-Americans, Slav-Americans, and 'the women,' but one and all as Americans for America. In November 1917, Catt called for suffrage for all women in the

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forty years has encouraged me by writing and speaking both publicly and privately." At her funeral, the Reverend Walter Van Kirk praised "the dignity and prestige with which she invested the womanhood of American and of every land."

750:, which was illegal in Tennessee, as well as 30 of the 48 states at the time. After she denied making such a statement, Catt said that interracial marriage was "an absolute crime against nature." According to Elaine Weiss, author of 343:

during the next two months and visited 29 of Colorado's 63 counties. Colorado passed women's suffrage in November 1893, becoming the second state to give women the right to vote and the first where suffrage was won by popular vote.

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Catt became more outspoken in her opposition to discrimination in the 1920s–1940s, when she was active in the peace movement. For instance, Catt defended Black troops against false charges that they were raping German women during

416:, she unveiled her "Winning Plan", to "make the Federal Amendment our ultimate aim and work in the States a program of preparedness to win nation-wide suffrage by amendment of the National Constitution." According to suffragist 300:. While she was enroute, Catt learned that her husband died in August 1886. She remained for a while in San Francisco, where she wrote freelance articles and canvassed for newspaper ads, but she returned to Iowa in 1887. 1259:

moved in with Catt and remained as her secretary until Catt's death. Wilson was Catt's companion and eventual estate executor, donating six volumes of photographs and memorabilia from Catt's estate to Bryn Mawr College.

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to immigrant men. Catt's dream was of a sober, educated electorate of women and men. Her suspicion of the alien began to dissolve only when she entered international waters a decade later; her dream did not change."

559:(National Liga para la Emancipacion de la Mujer). Its objectives included educational opportunities for women, the right to have equal guardianship with husbands of their children and the right to vote. 580:

To use its utmost influence to secure the final enfranchisement of the women of every state in our own Republic and to reach out across the seas in aid of the women's struggle for her own in every land.

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lobbied for women's suffrage in Peru until they succeeded in 1956. Although Catt retired from the presidency of the IWSA in 1923, she continued to attend its meetings in various parts of the world.

1115:, which kept Chinese Americans from becoming citizens. This law was in place until 1943. Finally, women of color, especially African American women, continued to experience discrimination until the 711:

sentiments. According to Jacqueline Van Voris, Catt began her public life in the 1880s with three speeches, "Zenobia", "America for Americans", and "The American Sovereign". The latter two echoed

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Catt was reelected as NAWSA president in 1915, following Shaw's presidency. Under her leadership, Catt increased the size and influence of the organization. In 1916, at the NAWSA convention in

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To remove the remaining legal discriminations against women in the codes and constitutions of the several states in order that the feet of coming women may find these stumbling blocks removed.

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Prize for Research on Women and Politics in 1995 and in 2006 the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences added the Carrie Chapman Catt Public Engagement Award to its roster of alumni awards.

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To make our democracy so safe for the Nation and so safe for the world, that every citizen may feel secure and great men will acknowledge the worthiness of the American Republic to lead."

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reported. "Catt organized and then headed a new Organization Committee with a budget of $ 5,000 and power so extensive that it became the center of women suffrage in the United States."

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with a negro woman on either side of her! Was she thus proclaiming her ideal of the supremacy of the negro-race that threatens the South, if Federal Suffrage should ever come to us?"

8389: 11411: 6397: 3353:"Prayer offered by the Rev. Walter Van Kirk, D.D. at the funeral service of Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, March 11. 1947. Library of Congress Carrie Chapman Catt papers. Available: 3941: 442:

went before a joint session of Congress to request a declaration of war against Germany. Both the Senate and House voted to approve the United States' entry into World War I.

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Memphis, TN: Markers memorializing suffragist Lide Smith Meriwether, which mentions that she traveled with Catt and Anthony; suffragist Mary Church Terrell, founder of the

11361: 9099: 8691: 7028: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 1336:, by Jane Cox, professor emerita of theatre at Iowa State University. First performed in 1993 by Cox, the play was performed extensively throughout 1995, including at the 193:

Carrie Lane Chapman Catt Girlhood Home with Suffrage Trail Marker visible. Charles City, Iowa. Photo uploaded with permission of the National Nineteenth Amendment Society.

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hotel's policy of excluding African Americans, which precluded them from participating in a NCCCW conference, and spoke out about the plight of Jewish refugees escaping

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The governors of Connecticut and Vermont refused to call their legislatures into session to vote on the issue. One more state loss and the amendment would be defeated.

9243: 8807: 8479: 8443: 8301: 8265: 8198: 5430: 246:. As a child, Catt was interested in science and wanted to become a doctor. After graduating from high school in 1877, she enrolled at Iowa Agricultural College (now 9050: 8812: 8438: 8066: 8035: 7849: 6330: 1116: 4611:

Senate of the Government of the Student Body, Senate Resolution #14. "Resolution to Name the New Women's PE Building after Carrie Chapman Catt." November 18, 1974.

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Pearson, Josephine Anderson. President's Message: Retiring from Antisuffrage Leadership of Tennessee, September 30, 1920. in Marjorie Spruill Wheeler (ed. 1995.)

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Iowa Welcome Center on Interstate 35: Historical marker erected by the Iowa Department of Transportation and the Iowa State Historical Society, dedicated in 1977.

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The proposed amendment easily passed the Tennessee Senate, but then moved to the House where – after many delays and many days of debate – it passed by one vote.

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Polish enclaves; and establishing committees to reach out to German and French communities. Similarly, in 1919, Catt supported the "Committee on One Hundred" in

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In the 1890s, when she was active in NAWSA but before becoming president, Catt made public speeches that referred to the "ignorant foreign vote," and pointed to

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As part of the centennial celebration of the 19th Amendment in 2020, Catt was featured in newspaper and magazine articles; recent books, such as Elaine Weiss's

1057:. Catt is one of three suffragists memorialized with a statue at the Turning Point Suffrage Memorial in Lorton, Virginia, which was dedicated on May 16, 2021. 460:

The final battle took place in the state of Tennessee. Catt was there to lead the campaign through the hot summer months in Nashville in 1920. She wrote to the

308:. As a result, she was able to spend a good part of each year on the road campaigning for suffrage, a cause she had become involved with during the late 1880s. 9166: 8639: 8546: 8275: 8110: 8061: 7906: 7880: 7556: 6671: 6619: 6322: 653: 209: 277:

degree, the only female in her graduating class. Iowa State did not name valedictorians during Catt's time there, so there is no way to know her class rank.

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Louisville, KY: Marker at the First Unitarian Church, which mentions that Carrie Chapman Catt and Susan B. Anthony spoke there on their 1895 Southern Tour.

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https://www.iowastatedaily.com/opinion/letters/opinion-letter-louise-lex-catt-in-respect-to-lagomarcino/article_2d3345a6-c79b-11ea-b2b0-130e3bd95bd9.html

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During the final weeks of the battle for ratification of women's suffrage in Tennessee, Catt was spuriously accused by suffrage opponents of supporting

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New Rochelle, NY: The New Rochelle Historical Society and the League of Women Voters of New Rochelle placed a marker on the street where she lived.

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on August 26, 1920. The 19th Amendment enfranchised 27 million women, making it the largest single expansion of voting rights in American history.

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In February 1885, Catt married newspaper editor Leo Chapman. She remained with her parents on the family farm in Iowa when her husband traveled to

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approved suffrage. Although Catt, as a resident of New York, had obtained full suffrage, she kept working toward a federal suffrage amendment.

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League of Women Voters. "A Living Memorial to Carrie Chapman Catt 1859-1947." Library of Congress Carrie Chapman Catt Collection. Available:

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Women's advocates abroad were aware of her reputation – in 1938 she was asked to sign an affidavit in support of leading Hungarian feminists

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Catt has appeared as a character within multiple theatrical projects on the subject of the women's suffrage movement. She is portrayed by

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men's lack of knowledge of representative government. Later, Catt noted that the votes of illiterate men in the South were "purchasable".

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Schott, Linda (1996). ""MIDDLE-OF-THE-ROAD" ACTIVISTS Carrie Chapman Catt and the National Committee on the Cause and Cure of War".

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touch. In spring 1890, Chapman took the train to Seattle, Washington, where Catt now lived. On June 10, 1890, the two were married.

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She first worked as a law clerk after graduating. She became a teacher and quickly advanced, becoming superintendent of schools in

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Biographical Dictionary of Women's Movements and Feminisms in Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe: 19th and 20th Centuries

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https://marketresearchtelecast.com/feminism-the-covers-that-never-were-a-tribute-to-the-ignored-peruvians-international/182415/

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to find a job and a place for them to live. Catt left for California after receiving a telegram that her husband was ill with

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Amendment Society. In 2020 it was added as a site on the National Women's Suffrage Trail. The marker was dedicated in 2021.

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Gerber, Matthew. "Agitation in Amsterdam: The International Dimension of Carrie Chapman Catt's Suffrage Rhetoric." (2016).

5438: 4576:"Last Will and Testament of Carrie Chapman Catt. March 21, 1945." Parks Library Special Collections. Iowa State University. 1427: 1014: 3780: 3270: 3207: 800:

and two African American suffragists from Kentucky" that NAWSA opposed any effort to limit the vote to white women only.

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Rupp, Leila J. "Sexuality and Politics in the Early Twentieth Century: The Case of the International Women's Movement".

4177: 2549: 2382:"Feminism: The Covers that Never Were: A Tribute to the Ignored Peruvians." Market Research Telecast. October 20, 2021. 6649: 6302: 6272: 6218: 6195: 6014: 5168: 5143: 5118: 5093: 5068: 5043: 1792: 769:, when Catt was eight years old, to refute claims by Southern suffrage opponents that women's suffrage would undermine 708: 1272:, a fictionalized account of her life, published in 2020. Catt is also the primary subject in three children's books: 392:

Catt worked the New Hampshire amendment campaign in the midst of bitter cold, but lost by a vote of 14,162 to 21,788.

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During the 1898 national convention of the NAWSA, one of the most outstanding speakers was African American activist

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Abridged Minutes of the Executive Council of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, held in Washington DC

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https://www.loc.gov/resource/mss15404.mss15404-007_00191_00221/?sp=28&st=text&r=-0.009,-0.107,1.018,1.455,0

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House" on campus. In 1990, the university announced that it was renaming the Old Botany Building as Carrie Chapman

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According to Van Voris, "With a century of hindsight it is easy to see Carrie Chapman's views in the late 1880s as

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In the same speeches, Catt blamed, variously, political corruption, a lack of education, or the tragic vestiges of

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Pieper, Mary (February 12, 2012). "Twenty Years Changing Lives: Carrie Lane High School Offers Alternatives".

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citizens on key issues of the day and advocates for expansion of access to the ballot for all U.S. citizens.

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the Consideration of Removing Names from University Property that is considering the renaming of Catt Hall.

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Carrie Chapman Catt and Mary Garrett Hay receive ballots to cast their first votes for president in 1920.

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received an honorary doctor of laws degree from Smith College. In 1926, she was featured on the cover of

931: 812: 32: 4436: 4359: 3466: 3208:"Hot Discussion on Black Voter: Speaker at Woman's Club Rally Says Women Will Keep the South Democratic" 680: 9694: 7501: 6739: 6052: 1240: 4889: 4385: 645:. They formed the Women's Peace Party, with Addams elected as chairman and Catt as honorary chairman. 9109: 8291: 7311: 7227: 7052: 6556: 6546: 6526: 6339: 5631: 3883: 1686: 1228: 1120: 923: 712: 413: 5847: 5797: 3593:

https://www.loc.gov/resource/mss15404.mss15404-012_00103_00289/?sp=7&r=0.126,0.141,0.986,0.704,0

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Telegram from Mary Church Terrell to Miss Alda Wison. March 10, 1947. Punctuation added for clarity.

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During the 1920 convention, Catt honored pioneers of the movement – including past NAWSA presidents

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Catt's views on race and immigration evolved over her long life. Early in her career, she espoused

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eligible student body. Finally, Catt was posthumously named a "Valiant Woman of the Vote" by the

986: 957: 270:, started an all girls' debate club, and advocated for women's participation in military drills. 3568:"Women of Achievement Bridge to Add Names for First Time Since 2013; Nominations being Accepted" 3541: 1583: 803:

In her later years, Catt repudiated her earlier nativist statements, calling herself "a regular

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Meyer, Brian. "Standing committee named for review of requests to rename university property."

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Catt was also a leader of the international women's suffrage movement. She helped to found the

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Daniels, Doris. "Building a Winning Coalition: The Suffrage Fight in New York State." (1979).

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Woodrow Wilson's Conversion Experience: The President and the Federal Woman Suffrage Amendment

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Knapp, Betsy and Mary Ann Guyol. 1960. "Learning By Doing with the League of Women Voters."

1347:, conceived and performed by Through the 4th Wall across the Washington, D.C. area in 2019, 618: 11321: 11316: 11272: 10974: 10682: 10656: 10575: 10147: 9900: 9362: 8151: 8105: 7471: 7299: 7138: 6935: 6904: 6843: 6697: 6067: 5662:. Three part series on Carrie Chapman Catt. (2020). March/April, May/June, and July/August. 3758: 1923: 1046: 503:

presiding, London 1909. Top row from left: Thora Dangaard (Denmark), Louise Qvam (Norway),

480: 368:, supported a resolution stating that "NAWSA has no official connection with the so-called 360: 11252: 5802: 5710: 5386: 5186:"'Suffs' announces Off-Broadway cast including Jenn Colella, Phillipa Soo, Nikki M. James" 3906:"Nashville's Newest Monument Celebrates State's Role in Women's Winning The Right To Vote" 3861: 3670: 512: 495: 8: 11191: 11165: 10504: 10478: 10397: 10392: 10317: 10248: 10238: 10228: 10137: 10061: 9789: 9714: 9657: 9434: 9424: 9307: 9302: 8921: 8337: 8322: 8260: 8182: 7901: 7692: 7436: 7421: 7193: 7094: 6803: 6480: 6047: 5915: 5752: 3729: 1050: 953: 684: 376: 305: 274: 205: 4547: 853:

reported on a meeting by the "Woman Voter's League", where Miss Jefferson Bell who, the

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Catt's posthumous awards include a stamp that was issued in 1948 in remembrance of the

379:. She and Catt first became acquainted at that time and formed a life-long friendship. 243: 10273: 4773: 4753: 3335:. 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 7790–7791). McFarland & Company, Inc. Kindle Edition 2519: 1074:

Huntsville, AL: Mentioned on a marker memorializing suffragist Alberta Chapman Taylor.

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Similarly, Catt repeated an argument developed in 1867 by abolitionist and suffragist

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in 1920 and the International Woman Suffrage Alliance in 1904, which was later named

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Votes for Women! The Woman Suffrage Movement in Tennessee, the South, and the Nation

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Catt was active in anti-war causes during the 1920s and 1930s. Upon the outbreak of

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Woman Suffrage and the Origins of Liberal Feminism in the United States, 1820–1920.

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Catt, Carrie Chapman (March 5, 1921). "The Truth About Black Troops on the Rhine".

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Clinton) and Lucius Lane. When Catt was seven years old, her family moved to rural

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Letter from Catt to L.B. Fouse and F.H. White of Lexington, Kentucky. May 2, 1919.

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Woman Suffrage and the Origins of Liberal Feminist in the United States, 1820–1920

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In March 1883, the month Carrie Lane was promoted to superintendent of schools in

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Ripon, WI: Catt's birthplace, erected by the Wisconsin Historical Society in 1977.

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in New York in 1940, a celebration of the feminist movement in the United States.

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See United States Census records for 1870, 1920, 1960, and 1970. www.census.gov.

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Carrie Chapman Catt Papers: Subject File, 1848–1950; Turkish stamp honoring Catt

2104: 1033:), a monument commissioned by Tennessee Suffrage Monument, Inc. and sculpted by 180: 11262: 11257: 11221: 11096: 11015: 11000: 10959: 10883: 10837: 10646: 10595: 10570: 10463: 10443: 10347: 10203: 10198: 10152: 10036: 10031: 10021: 10011: 9995: 9980: 9975: 9960: 9950: 9945: 9849: 9834: 9829: 9754: 9749: 9647: 9377: 9337: 9332: 8895: 8660: 8577: 8484: 8229: 7808: 7656: 7625: 7594: 7466: 7173: 7124: 6917: 6598: 6581: 6561: 6551: 6062: 6057: 5963: 5951: 5792: 5740: 5738: 3619: 2795: 528: 439: 417: 2261:"100 Years After the 19th Amendment, the Fight for Women's Suffrage Continues" 11305: 11237: 11206: 11160: 11056: 11025: 10995: 10979: 10944: 10939: 10913: 10857: 10773: 10768: 10702: 10692: 10651: 10636: 10621: 10616: 10590: 10458: 10268: 10263: 10233: 10162: 10127: 10091: 9985: 9965: 9885: 9819: 9729: 9520: 9398: 9393: 9317: 9312: 9024: 8931: 8239: 8051: 8004: 7506: 7133: 7104: 6082: 5348:"Crusading Mrs. Catt: Carrie Chapman Catt and the fight for Women's Suffrage" 5249: 5015:(8). Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania: Friends of the Bryn Mawr College Library: 14–16 4882:"National Register of Historic Places Registration:Carrie Chapman Catt House" 4751: 4725: 4567:

Carrie Chapman Catt Papers, Box 2. Iowa State University Special Collections.

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Catt, Carrie Chapman. "The Kluxers." The Woman Citizen. July 12, 1924. p. 14.

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Carrie Chapman Catt and the Evolutionary Politics of Sex and Race, 1885–1940

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as the executive producer; the PBS American Experience two-part documentary

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After four years at Iowa State, Catt graduated on November 10, 1880, with a

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asked Catt to address Congress on the proposed woman's suffrage amendment.

3829:"Votes for Women Trail Marker at the Girlhood Home of Carrie Chapman Catt" 257: 11216: 10888: 10687: 10677: 10514: 10448: 10382: 10076: 9875: 9764: 9734: 9342: 9282: 9045: 9019: 9014: 8864: 8776: 8722: 8562: 7818: 7702: 7496: 6087: 5927: 5909: 5696:

Strong-Minded Women: The Emergence of the Woman-Suffrage Movement in Iowa

1837:"Carrie Chapman Catt Girlhood Home and Museum: About Carrie Chapman Catt" 1306: 872: 642: 637: 267: 189: 5611: 2063: 11071: 11066: 10878: 10580: 10367: 10213: 10188: 9880: 9799: 9593: 9562: 9429: 9140: 8983: 8665: 8327: 7486: 7456: 6077: 5903: 5798:

Iowa State University Carrie Chapman Catt Center for Women and Politics

3514:. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Dissertation. p. 55. 3101:

Yasuke, Rumi (2017). "Re-Franchising the Women of Hawai'i, 1912–1920".

1714:

World War 1: the Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection Vol. 1

1136: 831:

Moreover, NAWSA and its predecessors were integrated organizations and

788: 527:(Presiding, England), Carrie Chapman Catt (U.S.), F. M. Qvam (Norway), 516: 293: 251: 5638:

Invention and Arrangement in the Public Address of Carrie Chapman Catt

4434: 4350: 4126: 4100: 4074: 4045: 4018: 3993: 3967: 3668: 2947:"Meeting of the Official Board of National at New York Headquarters". 11201: 10585: 10332: 9769: 9094: 7461: 6776: 5877: 5490:

Woman Suffrage and Politics: The Inner Story of the Suffrage Movement

4383: 1836: 1157: 1128: 1071:

Flint, Michigan's Sitdowners Memorial Park: Plaque dedicated to Catt.

900: 515:(Germany), Madame Honneger, unidentified. Bottom left: Unidentified, 485:

Woman Suffrage and Politics: The Inner Story of the Suffrage Movement

5825: 4886:

New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation

4510: 3617: 471:

NAWSA, the suffrage movement culminated in the adoption of the 19th

304:

Government" in 1894. George Catt also encouraged her involvement in

284:, in 1885. She was the first female superintendent of the district. 11196: 10641: 7335: 7044: 6023: 5829: 5757: 5748: 5269:

Letter from Mary Ann Tetreault to Barbara Miller, October 10, 1994.

3333:

Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons

2840:"Why the Southeastern States of the U.S. Refused Suffrage to Women" 1292:

was adapted for young readers. This version was published in 2020.

1288:

by Karen Schwabach, published in 2010. In addition, Elaine Weiss's

935:

Historical marker for Carrie Lane Chapman Catt, Iowa Welcome Center

804: 7158: 3927: 826: 798:

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

3806: 3804: 5630:

Catt, Carrie Chapman, collected speeches and selected writings.

5347: 5321:"World Premiere Of "The Suffragist" Opens Friday In Cedar Falls" 4960:. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. p. 286. 2707:

World War 1: the Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection

7119: 5778:. Washington DC: Library of Congress. Retrieved 19 August 2022. 4644:

Krapfel, Mike (June 13, 1990). "Building to Honor Suffragist".

4338:

A Century of Votes for Women: American Elections Since Suffrage

4019:"Historic Northern Iowa/Carrie Lane Chapman Catt - (1859-1947)" 2542:"Women's International League for Peace and Freedom Collection" 1068:, which mentions also mentions Catt, dedicated in October 2021. 572:

year earlier at the 1919 NAWSA meeting in St. Louis, Missouri.

316: 5548:

African American Women in the Struggle for the Vote, 1850–1920

5404: 5238:"'Suffs' Heads to Broadway With Hillary Clinton as a Producer" 5163:(Illustrated ed.). Random House Books for Young Readers. 4754:"Carrie Chapman Catt Prize for Research on Women and Politics" 6992: 4585: 4351:

Center for American Women and Politics (September 16, 2019).

3691:

League of Women Voters of Lake Forest/Lake Bluff (Illinois).

3428: 2297: 2131: 1301: 891:

On March 9, 1947, Catt died of a heart attack in her home in

797: 783: 5770:. Swarthmore PA: Peace Collection CDG-A, Swarthmore College. 4774:

Iowa State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.

3692: 3044:

Letter from Catt to John Shillady of the NAACP, May 6, 1919.

2796:

Francisca de Haan; Krasimira Daskalova; Anna Loutfi (2006).

2132:

United States Department of State, Office of the Historian.

1251:. After George Catt's death, Carrie Chapman Catt lived with 5992: 2109:. New York City: H.W. Wilson and Company. pp. 121–122. 1669: 1667: 354:

The 1896 NAWSA Convention was notable for its debate about

5691:. Carrie Chapman Catt Memorial Fund, Washington, DC. 1958. 5111:

Dare to Question: Carrie Chapman Catt's Voice for the Vote

4714:

https://www.inside.iastate.edu/article/2021/03/04/renaming

4668:

Bruner, Jeffrey (June 7, 1993). "Regents OK Renovations".

4437:"The Gender Gap: Voting Choices in Presidential Elections" 3992:

Marsteller, Duane; Marsteller, Tracy (November 22, 2020).

2997:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. pp. 442–423. 1282:

Dare to Question: Carrie Chapman Catt's Voice for the Vote

1060:

Catt is also honored in the following historical markers:

490: 7029:

Art in the women's suffrage movement in the United States

4985:. Berkeley, California: Berkeley Daily Gazette. p. 2 3942:"Historical Market to Honor Suffragette from Charlestown" 3781:"Iowa All Over: Carrie Chapman Catt Home in Charles City" 3641:"League of Women Voters of Iowa State Convention Program" 2105:

The National American Woman Suffrage Association (1940).

4957:

Bright Epoch: Women and Coeducation in the American West

4586:

Craft, David; Jones, Steve; University Archives (2003).

4335: 3271:"Carrie Chapman Catt: Suffrage and the Politics of Race" 3129:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. pp. 11–44. 1664: 1268:

Carrie Chapman Catt is the subject of Barbara Robison's

4795: 4435:

Center for American Women and Politics (January 2017).

3727: 2917:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 161. 1340:, and has been performed ever since in over 20 states. 1317:

in March 2022 and has since begun an open-ended run on

11412:

National American Woman Suffrage Association activists

7564: 5727: 5462:

Selling Suffrage: Consumer Culture and Votes for Women

4513:"Alumni Humanitarian Award (Formerly the Merit Award)" 4410:"Gender Gap: Voting Choices in Presidential Elections" 2517: 2482:"Political Parties and Women's Voters (On the Inside)" 1507: 1505: 1355:

a one-woman play written and performed by Lisa Hayes.

566: 210:

Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

5488:

Catt, Carrie Chapman; Shuler, Nettie Rogers (2020) .

4313: 4265: 3392:"Only One of America's 12 Famous Women is a Mother". 2433: 557:

Pan-American Association for the Advancement of Women

331:(NAWSA), and was a speaker at its 1890 convention in 11357:

Female candidates for President of the United States

6749:

Centenary of Women's Suffrage Commemorative Fountain

4205:

United States Census, 1920 and 1960. www.census.gov.

3991: 3371:

The Wyoming Weekly Review and Natrona County Tribune

3311:

Carrie Chapman Catt Center for Women and Politics. "

1394: 964:. From left to right, Stanton, Carrie Chapman Catt, 632:

Catt's home in Paine Heights section of New Rochelle

388:her ailing husband, George Catt, who died in 1905. 232:

Carrie Clinton Lane was born on January 9, 1859, in

216:

from 1900 to 1904 and 1915 to 1920. She founded the

11362:

Commonwealth Land Party (United States) politicians

5768:

Carrie Chapman Catt Memorial Fund Collected Records

5464:. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 90. 4752:Carrie Chapman Catt Center for Women and Politics. 4726:Carrie Chapman Catt Center for Women and Politics. 4384:Center for American Women in Politics (June 2014). 4153:"Historic New Rochelle--Carrie (Lane) Chapman Catt" 1502: 997:. In 1975, Catt became the first inductee into the 903:, New York City. alongside her longtime companion, 204:; January 9, 1859 – March 9, 1947) was an American 16:

American social reformer and suffragist (1859–1947)

7276:Women's International League for Peace and Freedom 5431:"Iowa PBS Receives Four Upper Midwest Emmy Awards" 4983:"Possible Need of New War Seen by Pacifist Leader" 4336:Wolbrecht, Christina and, J. Kevin Corder (2020). 2992: 2802:. Central European University Press. p. 334. 1679:Five College Archives & Manuscript Collections 1321:in March 2024. The musical is produced in-part by 1243:from 1919 through 1928 when she settled in nearby 5760:, held by the Manuscripts and Archives Division, 5711:Carrie Chapman Catt and Her Mason City Experience 5676:(1996). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 4545: 4485: 4243:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 181. 4157:Larchmont and New Rochelle News/The Rosen Reports 2789: 2757:Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary 1639:Carrie Chapman Catt Center for Women and Politics 1387:, produced by the New York Woman Suffrage Party. 1183:The Woman's Hour: The Great Fight to Win the Vote 753:The Woman's Hour: The Great Fight to Win the Vote 543:, with 31 full members and 24 associate members. 11303: 5793:American Memory biography of Carrie Chapman Catt 5728:The Carrie Chapman Catt Girlhood Home and Museum 5212:"Photos: Inside SUFFS First Preview on Broadway" 4933:. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Capstone. p. 92. 3833:National Collaborative for Women's History Sites 3512:The Speeches and Speaking of Carrie Chapman Catt 2705:Wuestenbecker, Katja, "Catt, Carrie Chapman" in 1863:"Statement Before the House Judiciary Committee" 1368:(2004) and is featured in the PBS documentaries 702: 7034:Music and women's suffrage in the United States 6655:Women's suffrage organizations and publications 5640:. (1955). Dissertation. University of Oklahoma. 4879: 4620:Lex, Louise. "Catt in Respect to Lagomarcino." 3471:Carrie Chapman Catt Papers, Library of Congress 1712:Katja Wuestenbecker. "Catt, Carrie Chapman" in 1383:Catt herself appeared in the pro-suffrage film 1276:by Kristen Thoennes Keller, published in 2005; 827:Collaboration with African American suffragists 407: 11347:Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York) 7252:National Council of Women of the United States 6542:National Women's Rights Convention (1850–1869) 5667:Carrie Chapman Catt and the Struggle for Peace 5006:"Carrie Chapman Catt Digital Image Collection" 2754:James, Edward T.; James, Janet Wilson (1974). 2730:The Chief: The Life of William Randolph Hearst 1332:Catt is also the subject of a one-woman play, 382: 9237: 7550: 7060: 6008: 5863: 4776:"Carrie Chapman Catt Public Engagement Award" 4532:"Ames is Given $ 100,000 Fund by Mrs. Catt." 2993:Buhle, Mari Jo and, Paul Buhle, eds. (2005). 1185:(2018), which is being made into a film with 1123:were enacted in 1964 and 1965, respectively. 613: 7401:National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies 7389:National American Woman Suffrage Association 7371:London National Society for Women's Suffrage 5669:. (1973). Dissertation. Syracuse University. 5632:Archives of Women's Political Communication. 3884:"Women's Suffrage Monument Unveiled – Story" 3669:League of Women Voters of Dane County (WI). 3307: 3305: 3303: 3268: 3236:. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press; 1716:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2014, p. 359. 1418:National American Woman Suffrage Association 1168: 840:, which called upon Congress to enforce the 329:National American Woman Suffrage Association 317:National American Woman Suffrage Association 214:National American Woman Suffrage Association 5618:, vol. 68 no. 2, pp. 305–328. (April 2007). 4873: 4466:Archives of Women's Political Communication 3450:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3194:Archives of Women's Political Communication 3081:Archives of Women's Political Communication 2968:Archives of Women's Political Communication 2844:Archives of Women's Political Communication 2486:Archives of Women's Political Communication 2402:Archives of Women's Political Communication 2085:Archives of Women's Political Communication 1867:Archives of Women's Political Communication 1831: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1797:Archives of Women's Political Communication 1764:Archives of Women's Political Communication 1546: 1544: 1142: 690:The last event she helped organize was the 311: 9244: 9230: 7557: 7543: 7067: 7053: 6685:Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial 6015: 6001: 5870: 5856: 5749:Rare Book and Special Collections Division 5737:Information from the Library of Congress: 4953: 4511:Iowa State University Alumni Association. 3618:League of Women Voters Ames/Story County. 3505: 3503: 3501: 3499: 2753: 2733:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 489. 2480:Catt, Carrie Chapman (February 14, 2020). 2079:Catt, Carrie Chapman (September 7, 1916). 1861:Catt, Carrie Chapman (February 17, 1892). 1791:Catt, Carrie Chapman (December 15, 1894). 1753: 1751: 1749: 1001:. and in 1982, Catt was inducted into the 31: 7018:Women's Suffrage Centennial silver dollar 5844:. National Women's History Museum. 2015. 5689:Carrie Chapman Catt: The Power of an Idea 5627:. (2012). Open Access Dissertations, 511. 5511:. Boston: Northeastern University Press. 5296: 5133: 5086:Carrie Chapman Catt: A Life of Leadership 4831:Catt, Carrie Chapman (September 6, 1923) 4266:National Park Service (August 23, 2019). 3908:. Nashville Public Radio. August 25, 2016 3406: 3300: 3127:Black Women and Politics in New York City 3124: 3030:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2962:Catt, Carrie Chapman (November 1, 1917). 2760:. Harvard University Press. p. 312. 2595: 2593: 2329: 2232:Catt, Carrie Chapman (September 4, 1920) 1786: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1278:Carrie Chapman Catt: A Life of Leadership 1173:2020 marked the 100th anniversary of the 1021:Museum, Monuments, and Historical Markers 962:100 Years of Progress of Women: 1848–1948 776: 7234:Norwegian Association for Women's Rights 6589:1920 United States presidential election 5459: 5405:"Carrie Chapman Catt: Warrior for Women" 5281:"The Feminist Lesson of 19: The Musical" 5108: 4909: 4907: 2912: 2781:"Group Formed to Combat Anti-Semitism". 2244: 2242: 1822: 1582:. ISU Alumni Association. Archived from 1541: 1203: 1097: 947: 930: 917: 627: 617: 494: 422: 256: 188: 11402:20th-century American women politicians 6829:Women's Rights National Historical Park 5698:. (1969). Iowa State University Press. 5235: 5033: 4643: 4340:. New York: Cambridge University Press. 4314:National Park Service (March 5, 2020). 4238: 4043: 3965: 3805:National Nineteenth Amendment Society. 3496: 3269:Brandenburgh, Crystal (March 6, 2020). 3188:Catt, Carrie Chapman (March 24, 1919). 3075:Catt, Carrie Chapman (April 26, 1909). 2396:Catt, Carrie Chapman (March 24, 1919). 2228: 2226: 1757: 1746: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1675:"Carrie Chapman Catt Papers, 1880–1958" 1629: 1627: 1625: 1517: 1195:Carrie Chapman Catt: Warrior for Women. 741: 491:International women's suffrage movement 165: 1890; died 1905) 11392:People from Briarcliff Manor, New York 11367:International Alliance of Women people 11304: 6506:Suffragette bombing and arson campaign 5570:. New York: The Feminist Press, CUNY. 5061:Carrie Chapman Catt: A Voice for Women 5058: 4980: 4930:Carrie Chapman Catt: A Voice for Women 4926: 4917:, vol. 23, no. 3 (Fall 1997): 577–605. 4667: 4548:"George W. Catt Endowment Scholarship" 4460:Catt, Carrie Chapman (June 15, 1921). 4414:Center for American Women and Politics 4287: 4124: 4098: 4072: 4068: 4066: 4044:Herrick, Michael (February 12, 2023). 3939: 3712: 3539: 3509: 3313:Timeline of Carrie Chapman Catt's Life 3100: 2833: 2831: 2674: 2672: 2599: 2590: 2061: 1777: 1568: 1484: 1482: 1378:Carrie Chapman Catt: Warrior for Women 1338:Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts 1280:by Nate Levin, published in 2006; and 1274:Carrie Chapman Catt: A Voice for Women 511:(Finland), Madame Mirowitch (Russia), 11407:Members of the League of Women Voters 11397:Activists from New Rochelle, New York 11122: 10794: 10299: 9624: 9455: 9264: 9225: 9076: 8753: 8420: 8087: 7754: 7576: 7538: 7365:National Society for Women's Suffrage 7222:German Association of Female Citizens 7048: 6547:Trial of Susan B. Anthony (1872–1873) 6362:International Woman Suffrage Alliance 5996: 5851: 5817:Works by or about Carrie Chapman Catt 5758:Carrie Chapman Catt papers, 1887–1947 5278: 5236:Paulson, Michael (October 18, 2023). 5183: 5158: 5083: 5003: 4904: 4353:"Gender Differences in Voter Turnout" 4150: 3926:The Turning Point Suffrage Memorial. 3743: 3464: 2995:The Concise History of Woman Suffrage 2930:"Objections to the Federal Amendment" 2726: 2378: 2376: 2239: 1736: 1734: 1413:International Women Suffrage Alliance 1351:by Nancy Cobb and Cavan Hallman, and 1263: 1085:National Association of Colored Women 537:International Woman Suffrage Alliance 237: 134: 11377:Progressive Era in the United States 7270:Icelandic Women's Rights Association 7074: 6900:"The March of the Women" (1910 song) 6628:List of suffragists and suffragettes 6491:Women's Coronation Procession (1911) 5184:Russo, Gillian (November 16, 2021). 4462:"Commencement Address at Iowa State" 4459: 4268:"Puerto Rico and the 19th Amendment" 3946:The (Jefferson, IN) News and Tribune 3565: 3253: 3187: 3074: 2961: 2927: 2837: 2683:. Ladies For Liberty. Archived from 2479: 2395: 2223: 2107:Victory: How Women Won It: 1840–1940 2078: 2068:. Project Gutenberg. pp. 83–84. 1860: 1790: 1701: 1622: 1469: 1467: 1428:List of suffragists and suffragettes 1343:Additional theatre projects include 674:restrictive laws against German Jews 7383:American Woman Suffrage Association 7377:National Woman Suffrage Association 5789:, Smith College Special Collections 4151:Rosen, Gay E. (November 10, 2014). 4063: 3940:McAfee, Brooke (October 21, 2021). 3886:. Newschannel5.com. August 26, 2016 3826: 3429:Carrie Chapman Catt June 14, 1926. 2934:Woman Suffrage by Federal Amendment 2828: 2709:Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2014; 2669: 2574:. February 23–24, 1917. p. 23. 2546:Swarthmore College Peace Collection 2134:"U.S. Entry into World War I, 1917" 1479: 1119:, which prohibited poll taxes, and 886: 567:Catt and the League of Women Voters 138: 13: 7359:National Women's Rights Convention 6870:National Voting Rights Museum (US) 6834:Women's Suffrage National Monument 6650:Historiography of the Suffragettes 6604:Selma to Montgomery marches (1965) 5745:The Carrie Chapman Catt Collection 5604: 5568:Carrie Chapman Catt: A Public Life 5138:(Illustrated ed.). Yearling. 4239:Wheeler, Marjorie Spruill (1993). 4125:Masler, Steve (February 7, 2023). 4099:Masler, Steve (February 7, 2023). 4073:Masler, Steve (February 7, 2023). 3994:"Huntsville's Pioneer Suffragists" 3827:Erb, Cheryl (September 29, 2021). 2678: 2614:10.1111/j.1468-0130.1996.tb00252.x 2373: 2330:Catt, Carrie Chapman (1911–1912). 1731: 473:Amendment to the U.S. Constitution 14: 11443: 11432:Suffragists from New York (state) 11352:20th-century American politicians 11332:History of New Rochelle, New York 9404:Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias 8728:Adeline Lavonne McCormick-Ohnemus 7330:National Women's Political Caucus 6762:Turning Point Suffragist Memorial 5721: 5544: 5345: 5279:Enoch, Jessica (August 6, 2020). 5059:Keller, Kristin Thoennes (2005). 5004:Grubb, Barbara Ward (Fall 2004). 4981:Morris, Ruth (January 13, 1934). 4927:Keller, Kristin Thoennes (2006). 4488:"Past Honorary Degree Recipients" 4288:Little, Becky (August 20, 2019). 4253: 4226: 4214: 4075:"Lide Smith Meriwether 1829-1913" 3755:National Women's History Alliance 3103:Gendering the Trans-Pacific World 2298:"International Alliance of Women" 2065:History of Woman Suffrage, Vol. 5 1635:"Carrie Chapman Catt (1859–1947)" 1464: 1064:Charlestown, IN: Marker to honor 1015:National Women's History Alliance 7306:All Pakistan Women's Association 7157: 6913:"Sister Suffragette" (1964 song) 6711:Women's Rights Pioneers Monument 6557:Woman Suffrage Procession (1913) 6527:Declaration of Sentiments (1848) 5833: 5528:Carrie Chapman Catt: A Biography 5509:Carrie Catt: Feminist Politician 5481: 5460:Finnegan, Margaret Mary (1999). 5453: 5423: 5397: 5379: 5361: 5339: 5313: 5272: 5263: 5229: 5209: 5203: 5177: 5152: 5127: 5102: 5077: 5052: 5027: 4997: 4974: 4947: 4920: 4880:Peter D. Shaver (October 2003). 4861: 4849: 4837: 4825: 4813: 4801: 4789: 4767: 4745: 4719: 4702: 4676: 4661: 4652: 4637: 4614: 4605: 4579: 4570: 4561: 4539: 4526: 4504: 4479: 4453: 4428: 4402: 4377: 4344: 4329: 4307: 4281: 4259: 4247: 4232: 4220: 4208: 4199: 4190: 4170: 4144: 4118: 4092: 4037: 4011: 3985: 3966:Lambrou, J.T. (March 26, 2023). 3959: 3933: 3920: 3898: 3876: 3858:Tennessee Suffrage Monument, Inc 3846: 3820: 3798: 3773: 3728:Iowa Secretary of State (2020). 3721: 3706: 3684: 3662: 3633: 3611: 3598: 3585: 3559: 3540:Boller, Marty (August 9, 2021). 3533: 3527:The Morning Call (Allentown, PA) 3518: 3484: 3458: 3422: 3400: 3385: 3359: 3347: 3338: 3325: 3288: 3262: 3247: 3226: 2539: 2041:The (New Orleans) Times Democrat 1758:Catt, Carrie Chapman (c. 1893). 1433:List of women's rights activists 1397: 1376:Part 2 (2020) and in Iowa PBS's 1305:with book, music, and lyrics by 1199: 1193:; and the Iowa PBS documentary, 1041:, featuring depictions of Catt, 697: 499:Suffrage Alliance Congress with 398:International Alliance for Women 236:, the daughter of Maria Louisa ( 179: 10474:Harriet Williams Russell Strong 8485:Ann Dearing Holtgren Pellegreno 7324:National Organization for Women 7294:League of Women Voters of Japan 7264:International Alliance of Women 6726:Kate Sheppard National Memorial 6486:Battle of Downing Street (1910) 6129:1902 Commonwealth Franchise Act 5880:International Alliance of Women 5616:Journal of the History of Ideas 5530:. New York: HW Wilson Company. 4178:Marker 273: Carrie Chapman Catt 4101:"Mary Church Terrell 1863-1954" 3968:"Carrie Chapman Catt 1859-1947" 3928:https://suffragistmemorial.org/ 3542:"The Iowa Award--1951 To Today" 3465:Adams, Mildred (January 1931). 3200: 3181: 3155: 3143: 3118: 3109: 3094: 3068: 3056: 3047: 3038: 2986: 2974: 2955: 2940: 2921: 2906: 2894: 2881: 2869: 2857: 2816: 2774: 2747: 2720: 2699: 2657: 2644: 2632: 2620: 2578: 2564: 2533: 2518:League of Women Voters (2020). 2511: 2499: 2473: 2461: 2449: 2427: 2415: 2389: 2361: 2349: 2323: 2311: 2290: 2279: 2253: 2211: 2199: 2187: 2175: 2163: 2151: 2125: 2113: 2098: 2072: 2055: 2029: 2000: 1988: 1976: 1964: 1952: 1940: 1928: 1916: 1904: 1892: 1880: 1854: 1810: 1719: 1652: 1610: 541:International Alliance of Women 430:and Carrie Chapman Catt in 1917 222:International Alliance of Women 162: 130: 11422:School superintendents in Iowa 11342:People from Charles City, Iowa 10153:Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose 7246:International Council of Women 6537:Ohio Women's Convention (1850) 6522:Seneca Falls Convention (1848) 5946:Alice Yotopoulos-Marangopoulos 5566:Van Voris, Jacqueline (1987). 5545:Terborg-Penn, Rosalyn (1998). 4954:Radke-Moss, Andrea G. (2008). 4176:Wisconsin Historical Markers. 4131:The Historical Marker Database 4105:The Historical Marker Database 4079:The Historical Marker Database 4050:The Historical Marker Database 4023:The Historical Marker Database 3998:The Historical Marker Database 3972:The Historical Marker Database 3715:The (Mason City) Globe-Gazette 3648:League of Women Voters of Iowa 3409:"Honorary Degrees: Recipients" 2434:National Park Service (2020). 2138:United States State Department 2037:"Woman Suffrage and the South" 1598: 1556: 1529: 1448:Women's suffrage organizations 321: 208:leader who campaigned for the 1: 11382:American temperance activists 11123: 10795: 10300: 9625: 9456: 9265: 9254:National Women's Hall of Fame 5507:Fowler, Robert Booth (1986). 5298:10.1080/00335630.2020.1785632 5109:Stirling, Jasmine A. (2023). 3566:Rood, Lee (August 29, 2018). 3510:Walker, Lola Carolyn (1950). 2928:Catt, Carrie Chapman (1917). 2913:Marilley, Suzanne M. (1996). 2838:Catt, Carrie Chapman (1920). 1458: 1003:National Women's Hall of Fame 922:Carrie Chapman Catt grave in 703:Nativism and anti-immigration 227: 11372:People from Mason City, Iowa 11337:People from Ripon, Wisconsin 11327:Iowa State University alumni 10500:Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis 9056:Florine Mary Schulte Swanson 8870:Mary Louise Sconiers Chapman 8635:Dorothy Marion Bouleris Paul 8390:Rosa Maria Escudé de Findlay 7395:Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine 7288:All India Women's Conference 6643:in majority-Muslim countries 6633:Timeline of women's suffrage 6572:Silent Sentinels (1917–1919) 6501:Open Christmas Letter (1914) 6450:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests 6022: 5826:Works by Carrie Chapman Catt 5808:Works by Carrie Chapman Catt 5733:PBS Kids: Women and the Vote 5551:. Indiana University Press. 4712:. March 4, 2021. Available: 4624:. July 16, 2020. Available: 3125:Gallagher, Julie A. (2012). 2386:. Accessed October 29, 2021. 2265:Center for American Progress 1934:Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 2, 1453:List of civil rights leaders 1438:Timeline of women's suffrage 1039:Centennial Park in Nashville 833:African American suffragists 408:Second presidency, 1915–1920 7: 11387:American anti-war activists 10683:Martha Coffin Pelham Wright 10087:Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin 8214:Jean Adeline Morgan Wanatee 7876:Beverly Beth George Everett 7240:Fredrika Bremer Association 7013:New Zealand ten-dollar note 6680:(Emmeline Pankhurst statue) 6594:"Give Us the Ballot" (1957) 6532:Rochester Convention (1848) 6317:Constitutional amendments: 6103:Women's liberation movement 5832:(public domain audiobooks) 5506: 5487: 5285:Quarterly Journal of Speech 5038:. Independently published. 4867: 3730:"Carrie Chapman Catt Award" 3671:"Carrie Chapman Catt Award" 3149: 2980: 2888: 2783:The Berkshire Evening Eagle 2584: 2285: 2217: 2062:Harper, Ida Husted (2009). 2008:"IAW Congresboek 1904-2004" 1970: 1816: 1473: 1390: 1334:The Yellow Rose of Suffrage 1270:Victory with Valor: A Novel 692:Women's Centennial Congress 383:First presidency, 1900–1904 287: 10: 11448: 10239:Katharine Dexter McCormick 9537:Mary "Mother" Harris Jones 9100:Betty Jean Dillavou Durden 8692:Barbara Moorman Boatwright 6552:Suffrage Hikes (1912–1914) 5803:Biography.com page on Catt 5783:Carrie Chapman Catt papers 5776:Carrie Chapman Catt Papers 5584: 5565: 4855: 4241:New Women of the New South 4127:"Joseph Hanover 1888-1984" 3854:"Too Few Statues of Women" 3062: 2900: 2875: 2863: 2822: 2663: 2651: 2638: 2626: 2505: 2467: 2455: 2421: 2367: 2355: 2317: 2248: 2205: 2193: 2181: 2169: 1994: 1946: 1910: 1886: 1793:"Danger to our Government" 1740: 1658: 1576:"Carrie Lane Chapman Catt" 1562: 1550: 1523: 1511: 1313:premiered off-Broadway at 1133:President George H.W. Bush 614:Role during the world wars 11230: 11174: 11133: 11129: 11118: 11049: 10988: 10927: 10871: 10805: 10801: 10790: 10721: 10665: 10604: 10533: 10492: 10416: 10310: 10306: 10295: 10171: 10105: 10097:Hannah Greenebaum Solomon 10004: 9868: 9682: 9666: 9635: 9631: 9620: 9576: 9550: 9529: 9508: 9487: 9466: 9462: 9451: 9412: 9386: 9275: 9271: 9260: 9185: 9154: 9123: 9115:Mary Elizabeth Young Bear 9087: 9083: 9077: 9072: 9033: 9002: 8971: 8940: 8909: 8878: 8847: 8826: 8795: 8764: 8760: 8754: 8749: 8710: 8679: 8648: 8617: 8586: 8555: 8524: 8493: 8462: 8431: 8427: 8421: 8416: 8377: 8346: 8315: 8292:Joan Liffring-Zug Bourret 8284: 8253: 8222: 8191: 8160: 8142:Mary Louisa Duncan Putnam 8129: 8098: 8094: 8088: 8083: 8044: 8013: 7990:Jolly Ann Horton Davidson 7982: 7959:Marguerite Esters Cothorn 7951: 7920: 7912:Edith Rose Murphy Sackett 7889: 7858: 7827: 7796: 7765: 7761: 7755: 7750: 7711: 7680: 7649: 7618: 7587: 7583: 7577: 7572: 7566:Iowa Women's Hall of Fame 7520: 7414: 7345: 7214: 7207: 7166: 7155: 7082: 7020:(2020 U.S. commemorative) 6883: 6857: 6839:International Women's Day 6616: 6514: 6458: 6357: 6350: 6111: 6030: 5886: 5525: 5134:Schwabach, Karen (2010). 5034:Robison, Barbara (2020). 4843: 4819: 4807: 3294: 2436:"19th Amendment By State" 2157: 2119: 1982: 1958: 1725: 1616: 1604: 1535: 1253:Mary "Mollie" Garrett Hay 1169:19th Amendment centennial 999:Iowa Women's Hall of Fame 943: 713:anti-immigrant sentiments 414:Atlantic City, New Jersey 178: 173: 108: 97: 87: 68: 42: 30: 23: 10328:Marjory Stoneman Douglas 10138:Wilhelmina Cole Holladay 9911:Charlotte Perkins Gilman 8818:Mildred Hope Fisher Wood 8808:Jacqueline Easley McGhee 8480:Phyllis Josephine Hughes 8302:Janette Stevenson Murray 8266:Mary E. Domingues Campos 8199:Julia Faltinson Anderson 7964:Willie Stevenson Glanton 7129:equal pay for equal work 6923:Women's suffrage in film 6894:The Women's Marseillaise 6782:Suffragette Handkerchief 6660:Women's rights activists 6440:Hong Kong 1 July marches 5526:Peck, Mary Gray (1944). 5088:. BookSurge Publishing. 4631:August 26, 2021, at the 4536:. October 8, 1922. p. 1. 4316:"Dr. Mabel Ping-Hua Lee" 4046:"First Unitarian Church" 3606:Journal of Social Issues 2520:"Find Your Local League" 1901:: 58. February 23, 1895. 1143:At Iowa State University 668:In 1933, in response to 440:President Woodrow Wilson 312:Role in women's suffrage 10818:Dorothy Harrison Eustis 10708:Catherine Filene Shouse 10561:Patricia Roberts Harris 10199:Mary Steichen Calderone 10067:Lillian Moller Gilbreth 9936:Frances Wisebart Jacobs 9740:Martha Wright Griffiths 9051:Ione Genevieve Shadduck 8813:Charlotte Bowers Nelson 8439:Betty Jean Walker Clark 8323:Charlotte Hughes Bruner 8067:Cristine Swanson Wilson 8036:Patricia Clare Sullivan 7995:Gwendolyn Wilson Fowler 7850:Jeanne Montgomery Smith 7610:Annie Turner Wittenmyer 7502:Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan 7353:Seneca Falls Convention 7144:Feminist foreign policy 7115:Anti-discrimination law 7024:2020 US ten-dollar bill 7008:Susan B. Anthony dollar 6945:Not for Ourselves Alone 6567:Suffrage Special (1916) 6496:Great Pilgrimage (1913) 6445:2014 Hong Kong protests 6043:Right to run for office 5787:Sophia Smith Collection 5762:New York Public Library 5063:. Compass Point Books. 4546:Iowa State University. 4486:Iowa State University. 1760:"Subject and Sovereign" 1683:Five College Consortium 987:Seneca Falls Convention 958:Seneca Falls Convention 875:. She also protested a 11427:Woman's Journal people 10764:Rebecca Talbot Perkins 10259:Eunice Kennedy Shriver 10123:Frances Xavier Cabrini 10037:Elizabeth Hanford Dole 9815:Ellen Swallow Richards 9785:Constance Baker Motley 9435:Elizabeth Bayley Seton 9368:Elizabeth Cady Stanton 9162:Elizabeth Bates Cowles 9131:Cornelia Clarke (Iowa) 8839:Teresa Marie Hernandez 8454:Margaret Boeye Swanson 8449:Adeline Morrison Swain 8178:Eve Schmoll Rubenstein 8057:Georgia Rogers Sievers 7819:Louise Rosenfield Noun 7662:Jessie Field Shambaugh 7447:Elizabeth Cady Stanton 7312:German Women's Council 7282:League of Women Voters 7228:Danish Women's Society 7199:Individualist feminism 7174:Liberal state feminism 7110:Violence against women 6691:Elizabeth Cady Stanton 6340:1965 Voting Rights Act 5636:Clevenger, Ima Fuchs. 5585:Weiss, Elaine (2018). 5492:. Mineola, NY: Dover. 5190:New York Theatre Guide 5159:Weiss, Elaine (2020). 4796:League of Women Voters 4588:"For Whom It Is Named" 4183:July 26, 2020, at the 3493:. Library of Congress. 2122:, pp. 219–234, 277–279 1423:League of Women Voters 1358:Catt was portrayed by 1209: 1187:Hillary Rodham Clinton 1175:League of Women Voters 991:Elizabeth Cady Stanton 969: 936: 926: 893:New Rochelle, New York 777:Evolving views on race 763: 633: 625: 532: 431: 356:Elizabeth Cady Stanton 262: 218:League of Women Voters 194: 80:New Rochelle, New York 11417:Suffragists from Iowa 11278:Anna Wessels Williams 10965:Carlotta Walls LaNier 10698:Elisabeth Kübler-Ross 10556:Martha Matilda Harper 10520:Mary Engle Pennington 10358:Frances Oldham Kelsey 10143:Anne Morrow Lindbergh 9896:Jane Cunningham Croly 9825:Katherine Siva Saubel 9720:Marian Wright Edelman 9643:Margaret Bourke-White 9568:Harriet Beecher Stowe 8594:Johnie Wright Hammond 8542:Jean Hall Lloyd-Jones 8354:Bess Streeter Aldrich 8245:Evelyne Jobe Villines 8173:Helen Brown Henderson 7943:Alice Van Wert Murray 7871:Evelyn K. Scott Davis 7840:Ruth Bluford Anderson 7788:Catherine G. Williams 7482:Margery Corbett Ashby 7427:Judith Sargent Murray 7258:Naisasialiitto Unioni 6672:Belmont–Paul Monument 6599:Freedom Summer (1964) 6476:Women's Sunday (1908) 5898:Margery Corbett Ashby 5842:"Carrie Chapman Catt" 5672:Marilley, Suzanne M. 5589:. New York: Penguin. 5113:. Union Square Kids. 4732:Iowa State University 4592:Iowa State University 3318:May 19, 2013, at the 2727:Nasaw, David (2001). 2681:"Carrie Chapman Catt" 1443:Open Christmas Letter 1207: 1113:Chinese Exclusion Act 1098:Women's voting rights 951: 934: 921: 758: 715:popular at the time. 631: 621: 576:to three chief aims: 498: 426: 260: 248:Iowa State University 192: 102:Iowa State University 10975:Mary Harriman Rumsey 10813:St. Katharine Drexel 10657:Mary Burnett Talbert 10652:Blanche Stuart Scott 10637:Mother Marianne Cope 10617:Ruth Fulton Benedict 10576:Mildred Robbins Leet 10274:Angelina Grimké Weld 10148:Maria Goeppert Mayer 10118:Charlotte Anne Bunch 9695:Antoinette Blackwell 9674:Gertrude Belle Elion 9604:Ida B. Wells-Barnett 9373:Helen Brooke Taussig 9363:Margaret Chase Smith 9167:Mary Elaine Richards 8640:Margaret Wragg Sloss 8547:Margaret Mary Toomey 8276:Rowena Edson Stevens 8152:Lois Hattery Tiffany 8111:Betty Jean Furgerson 8106:Mary Jane Coggeshall 8062:Ruth Wildman Swenson 7907:Mary Louise Petersen 7881:Helen LeBaron Hilton 7472:Fredrikke Marie Qvam 7300:Deutscher Frauenring 7139:Women in development 6937:Shoulder to Shoulder 6906:The Mother of Us All 6849:Women's Equality Day 6844:Susan B. Anthony Day 6698:Suffragette Memorial 6303:District of Columbia 6073:Non-resident citizen 5717:74: 130–145. (1993). 5687:Miller, Helen Hill. 5665:Katz, David Howard. 5659:Iowa History Journal 5441:on November 19, 2020 5369:"One Woman One Vote" 5084:Levin, Nate (2006). 2785:. November 28, 1938. 1689:on November 29, 2014 1353:Crusading Mrs. Catt, 1135:(R) and Independent 1047:Abby Crawford Milton 1031:Women's Equality Day 1029:On August 26, 2016 ( 895:. She was buried at 862:, the leader of the 860:Josephine A. Pearson 748:interracial marriage 742:Interracial marriage 654:Nineteenth Amendment 481:Nettie Rogers Shuler 137:; died 11312:Carrie Chapman Catt 11192:Rebecca S. Halstead 11166:Mary Church Terrell 10853:Barbara A. Mikulski 10581:Patsy Takemoto Mink 10566:Stephanie L. Kwolek 10505:Ruth Bader Ginsburg 10479:Emily Howell Warner 10424:Dorothy H. Andersen 10398:Annie Dodge Wauneka 10393:Mary Edwards Walker 10318:Faye Glenn Abdellah 10249:Edith Nourse Rogers 10229:Shirley Ann Jackson 10204:Mary Ann Shadd Cary 10082:Sandra Day O'Connor 10062:Matilda Joslyn Gage 9658:Florence B. Seibert 9495:Carrie Chapman Catt 9425:Juliette Gordon Low 9308:Elizabeth Blackwell 9303:Mary McLeod Bethune 9198:Paula S. Dierenfeld 9136:Jan Mitchell (Iowa) 8922:Michelle D. Johnson 8917:Joyce Boone Chapman 8475:Phyllis Propp Fowle 8338:Annie Nowlin Savery 8261:Sue M. Wilson Brown 8183:Mary Beaumont Welch 8137:Mabel Lossing Jones 8116:Merle Wilna Fleming 8026:Twila Parker Lummer 7902:Mary Frances Clarke 7600:Carrie Chapman Catt 7477:Carrie Chapman Catt 7437:Harriet Taylor Mill 7422:Mary Wollstonecraft 7194:Difference feminism 6804:Hunger Strike Medal 6481:Black Friday (1910) 5916:Ezlynn Deraniyagala 5892:Carrie Chapman Catt 5753:Library of Congress 5652:Speaker & Gavel 5411:. December 10, 2019 4670:Ames Tribune, p. A1 4646:Ames Tribune, p. A1 4534:Des Moines Register 4294:The History Channel 3761:on January 15, 2020 3572:Des Moines Register 2951:. October 13, 1917. 2717:, Vol. 1, page 359. 2336:Library of Congress 2332:"Diaries 1911–1923" 1899:The Woman's Journal 1370:One Woman, One Vote 1051:Juno Frankie Pierce 954:commemorative stamp 685:Sarolta Steinberger 377:Mary Church Terrell 275:Bachelor of Science 202:Carrie Clinton Lane 198:Carrie Chapman Catt 47:Carrie Clinton Lane 25:Carrie Chapman Catt 11151:Barbara Rose Johns 11102:Flossie Wong-Staal 11077:Nicole Malachowski 11006:Lorraine Hansberry 10950:Marcia Greenberger 10904:Mary Joseph Rogers 10843:Coretta Scott King 10828:Abby Kelley Foster 10744:Susan Kelly-Dreiss 10632:Rita Rossi Colwell 10408:Frances E. Willard 10244:Rozanne L. Ridgway 10194:Lydia Moss Bradley 10179:Madeleine Albright 10072:Nannerl O. Keohane 10042:Anne Dallas Dudley 9971:Betty Bone Schiess 9941:Susette La Flesche 9926:Zora Neale Hurston 9921:Helen LaKelly Hunt 9845:Madam C. J. Walker 9760:Mary Putnam Jacobi 9710:Jacqueline Cochran 9690:Ethel Percy Andrus 9558:Barbara McClintock 9193:Romonda D. Belcher 8860:Barbara Marie Mack 8855:Deborah Ann Turner 8702:Marilyn A. Russell 8697:Hualing Nieh Engle 8395:Helen Navran Stein 8369:Maude Esther White 8147:Marilyn E. Staples 8121:Glenda Gates Riley 7897:Fannie R. Buchanan 7835:Peg Stair Anderson 7804:Mary Newbury Adams 7783:Arabella Mansfield 7631:Cora Bussey Hillis 7605:Ola Babcock Miller 7492:Margarete Bonnevie 6947:(1999 documentary) 6814:Suffrage jewellery 6038:Universal suffrage 5934:Irène de Lipkowski 5878:Presidents of the 5242:The New York Times 5036:Victory with Valor 4892:on August 17, 2014 3785:www.thegazette.com 3214:. October 16, 1920 3190:"The Nation Calls" 3023:has generic name ( 2602:Peace & Change 2017:. January 14, 2005 1495:The New York Times 1315:The Public Theatre 1264:In popular culture 1233:Westchester County 1210: 1043:Anne Dallas Dudley 989:, featuring Catt, 970: 937: 927: 767:Henry B. Blackwell 634: 626: 533: 432: 263: 244:Charles City, Iowa 195: 11299: 11298: 11295: 11294: 11291: 11290: 11253:Kimberlé Crenshaw 11248:Elouise P. Cobell 11212:Katherine Johnson 11182:Octavia E. Butler 11114: 11113: 11110: 11109: 11021:Clare Boothe Luce 10833:Helen Murray Free 10786: 10785: 10782: 10781: 10647:Patricia A. Locke 10612:Florence E. Allen 10596:Sheila E. Widnall 10541:Linda G. Alvarado 10525:Mercy Otis Warren 10484:Victoria Woodhull 10469:Barbara Holdridge 10464:Beatrice A. Hicks 10439:Lydia Maria Child 10353:Leontine T. Kelly 10291: 10290: 10287: 10286: 10113:Louisa May Alcott 10027:Mary Breckinridge 9906:Geraldine Ferraro 9891:Annie Jump Cannon 9616: 9615: 9612: 9611: 9447: 9446: 9443: 9442: 9353:Eleanor Roosevelt 9252:Inductees to the 9219: 9218: 9215: 9214: 9211: 9210: 9146:Roxann Marie Ryan 9105:Ann Fry Jorgensen 9068: 9067: 9064: 9063: 9046:Mona Kadel Martin 9010:Dianne G. Bystrom 8989:Christine Hensley 8745: 8744: 8741: 8740: 8511:Alice Yost Jordan 8412: 8411: 8408: 8407: 8385:Mary Jaylene Berg 8079: 8078: 8075: 8074: 8031:Marilyn O. Murphy 8021:A.Lillian Edmunds 7746: 7745: 7742: 7741: 7672:Mary Louise Smith 7667:Ida B. Wise Smith 7641:Ruth Buxton Sayre 7532: 7531: 7452:Millicent Fawcett 7410: 7409: 7179:Equality feminism 7042: 7041: 6953:Iron Jawed Angels 6875:Umbrella Movement 6819:Suffragette penny 6733:Millicent Fawcett 6704:Portrait Monument 6612: 6611: 6466:WSPU march (1906) 6283:African Americans 6201:Spain (Civil War, 6093:Compulsory voting 5990: 5989: 5922:Begum Anwar Ahmed 5840:Michals, Debra. 5812:Project Gutenberg 5709:Noun, Louise R. " 5596:978-0-525-42972-2 5537:978-1-258-18321-9 5499:978-0-486-84205-9 5325:Iowa Public Radio 5216:BroadwayWorld.com 4967:978-0-8032-1942-7 4940:978-0-7565-0991-0 4833:The Woman Citizen 4710:Inside Iowa State 3864:on April 10, 2020 3650:. June 9–10, 2023 3546:Our Iowa Heritage 3256:The Woman Citizen 3136:978-0-252-03696-5 2949:The Woman Citizen 2809:978-963-7326-39-4 2715:978-1-85109-964-1 2687:on March 22, 2012 2679:Recker, Cristen. 2267:. August 18, 2020 2234:The Woman Citizen 1498:. March 10, 1947. 1365:Iron Jawed Angels 1121:Voting Rights Act 1055:Sue Shelton White 980:Eleanor Roosevelt 941: 940: 924:Woodlawn Cemetery 897:Woodlawn Cemetery 525:Millicent Fawcett 513:Käthe Schirmacher 501:Millicent Fawcett 361:The Woman's Bible 187: 186: 92:Woodlawn Cemetery 11439: 11131: 11130: 11120: 11119: 11087:Louise Slaughter 11011:Victoria Jackson 10970:Philippa Marrack 10955:Barbara Iglewski 10863:Kathrine Switzer 10858:Donna E. Shalala 10803: 10802: 10792: 10791: 10749:Allie B. Latimer 10729:Louise Bourgeois 10703:Judith L. Pipher 10510:Katharine Graham 10454:Marian de Forest 10373:Anna Howard Shaw 10323:Emma Smith DeVoe 10308: 10307: 10297: 10296: 10209:Joan Ganz Cooney 10133:Oveta Culp Hobby 10128:Mary A. Hallaren 9991:Sarah Winnemucca 9860:Gloria Yerkovich 9855:Rosalyn S. Yalow 9810:Jeannette Rankin 9790:Georgia O'Keeffe 9745:Fannie Lou Hamer 9705:Shirley Chisholm 9653:Billie Jean King 9633: 9632: 9622: 9621: 9584:Gwendolyn Brooks 9464: 9463: 9453: 9452: 9293:Susan B. Anthony 9273: 9272: 9262: 9261: 9246: 9239: 9232: 9223: 9222: 9085: 9084: 9074: 9073: 8901:Christie Vilsack 8834:Judith A. Conlin 8762: 8761: 8751: 8750: 8625:Jeannette Eyerly 8609:Jo Ann Zimmerman 8532:Diana L. Findley 8506:Sue Ellen Follon 8429: 8428: 8418: 8417: 8400:Elaine Szymoniak 8359:Janice Ann Beran 8297:Meridel Le Sueur 8204:Mamie Eisenhower 8096: 8095: 8085: 8084: 8000:Lou Henry Hoover 7969:Jessie M. Parker 7763: 7762: 7752: 7751: 7734:Louise Rosenfeld 7719:Minnette Doderer 7693:Dorothy Houghton 7585: 7584: 7574: 7573: 7559: 7552: 7545: 7536: 7535: 7442:Susan B. Anthony 7432:John Stuart Mill 7212: 7211: 7161: 7100:Female education 7095:Women's suffrage 7076:Liberal feminism 7069: 7062: 7055: 7046: 7045: 6865:Age of candidacy 6798:Holloway Jingles 6772:Pankhurst Centre 6743:(2008 sculpture) 6666:Leser v. Garnett 6471:Mud March (1907) 6355: 6354: 6288:Native Americans 6098:Disfranchisement 6017: 6010: 6003: 5994: 5993: 5970:Joanna Manganara 5872: 5865: 5858: 5849: 5848: 5837: 5836: 5821:Internet Archive 5779: 5771: 5694:Noun, Louise R. 5647:. 60 (1): 58–80. 5645:New York History 5610:Amidon, Kevin. " 5600: 5587:The Woman's Hour 5581: 5562: 5541: 5522: 5503: 5476: 5475: 5457: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5437:. 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Archived from 3747: 3741: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3717:. pp. A1-2. 3710: 3704: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3688: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3666: 3660: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3645: 3637: 3631: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3615: 3609: 3602: 3596: 3589: 3583: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3563: 3557: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3537: 3531: 3530: 3529:. June 11, 1940. 3522: 3516: 3515: 3507: 3494: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3462: 3456: 3455: 3449: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3426: 3420: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3404: 3398: 3397: 3394:The Boston Globe 3389: 3383: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3363: 3357: 3351: 3345: 3342: 3336: 3329: 3323: 3309: 3298: 3292: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3251: 3245: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3212:The Miami Herald 3204: 3198: 3197: 3185: 3179: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3169:. April 12, 1919 3167:The New York Age 3159: 3153: 3147: 3141: 3140: 3122: 3116: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3098: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3072: 3066: 3060: 3054: 3051: 3045: 3042: 3036: 3035: 3028: 3022: 3018: 3016: 3008: 2990: 2984: 2978: 2972: 2971: 2959: 2953: 2952: 2944: 2938: 2937: 2925: 2919: 2918: 2910: 2904: 2898: 2892: 2885: 2879: 2873: 2867: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2835: 2826: 2820: 2814: 2813: 2793: 2787: 2786: 2778: 2772: 2771: 2751: 2745: 2744: 2724: 2718: 2703: 2697: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2676: 2667: 2661: 2655: 2648: 2642: 2636: 2630: 2624: 2618: 2617: 2597: 2588: 2582: 2576: 2575: 2568: 2562: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2552:on July 28, 2020 2548:. 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Anthony 333:Washington, D.C. 306:women's suffrage 282:Mason City, Iowa 241: 234:Ripon, Wisconsin 206:women's suffrage 183: 166: 164: 142: 140: 136: 132: 75: 61:Ripon, Wisconsin 56: 54: 35: 21: 20: 11447: 11446: 11442: 11441: 11440: 11438: 11437: 11436: 11302: 11301: 11300: 11287: 11283:Serena Williams 11226: 11170: 11156:Henrietta Lacks 11146:Barbara Hillary 11141:Aretha Franklin 11125: 11106: 11092:Sonia Sotomayor 11045: 10984: 10935:Tenley Albright 10923: 10909:Bernice Sandler 10867: 10848:Lilly Ledbetter 10823:Loretta C. Ford 10797: 10778: 10717: 10713:Henrietta Szold 10673:Eleanor K. Baum 10661: 10627:Hillary Clinton 10600: 10551:Gertrude Ederle 10546:Donna de Varona 10529: 10488: 10434:Rosalynn Carter 10412: 10388:Wilma L. Vaught 10343:Crystal Eastman 10338:Sylvia A. Earle 10302: 10283: 10279:Chien-Shiung Wu 10254:Felice Schwartz 10224:Julia Ward Howe 10167: 10158:Maria Tallchief 10101: 10057:Margaret Fuller 10052:Ella Fitzgerald 10047:Mary Baker Eddy 10000: 9956:Antonia Novello 9931:Anne Hutchinson 9864: 9805:Esther Peterson 9780:Wilma Mankiller 9700:Emily Blackwell 9678: 9662: 9627: 9608: 9572: 9546: 9525: 9504: 9500:Frances Perkins 9483: 9479:Sojourner Truth 9474:Margaret Sanger 9458: 9439: 9408: 9382: 9328:Emily Dickinson 9288:Marian Anderson 9267: 9256: 9250: 9220: 9207: 9204:Bridget D. Reed 9181: 9172:Laurie Schipper 9150: 9119: 9079: 9060: 9029: 8998: 8967: 8953:Angela Connolly 8936: 8927:Linda K. Neuman 8905: 8874: 8843: 8822: 8791: 8772:Julia Addington 8756: 8737: 8718:Linda K. Kerber 8706: 8687:Joan Urenn Axel 8675: 8661:Emma J. Harvat 8656:Ruth Ann Gaines 8644: 8630:Christine Grant 8613: 8604:Susan Schechter 8582: 8551: 8520: 8501:Bonnie Campbell 8489: 8470:Ursula Delworth 8458: 8423: 8404: 8373: 8342: 8311: 8280: 8271:Gertrude Dieken 8249: 8218: 8187: 8168:Virginia Harper 8156: 8125: 8090: 8071: 8052:Nancy Maria Hil 8040: 8009: 7978: 7974:Dorothy Schramm 7947: 7938:Anna B. Lawther 7928:Gladys B. Black 7916: 7885: 7866:Virginia Bedell 7854: 7823: 7792: 7773:Rosa Cunningham 7757: 7738: 7729:Mary Jane Odell 7707: 7698:Carolyn Pendray 7676: 7645: 7636:Agnes Samuelson 7614: 7579: 7568: 7563: 7533: 7528: 7516: 7512:Hillary Clinton 7406: 7341: 7318:Fawcett Society 7203: 7189:Equity feminism 7184:Social feminism 7162: 7153: 7090:Gender equality 7078: 7073: 7043: 7038: 7003:(upcoming film) 6929:Votes for Women 6885: 6879: 6853: 6792:Holloway brooch 6787:Holloway banner 6618: 6608: 6577:Night of Terror 6510: 6454: 6346: 6107: 6026: 6021: 5991: 5986: 5882: 5876: 5834: 5774: 5766: 5724: 5715:The Palimpsest. 5607: 5605:Further reading 5597: 5578: 5559: 5538: 5519: 5500: 5484: 5479: 5472: 5458: 5454: 5444: 5442: 5429: 5428: 5424: 5414: 5412: 5403: 5402: 5398: 5393:. July 7, 2020. 5385: 5384: 5380: 5367: 5366: 5362: 5352: 5350: 5344: 5340: 5330: 5328: 5327:. 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Huston 1345:19: The Musical 1323:Hillary Clinton 1299:in the musical 1266: 1202: 1171: 1145: 1100: 946: 889: 829: 786:'s newsletter, 779: 771:white supremacy 744: 720:Native American 705: 700: 616: 569: 509:Annie Furuhjelm 507:(Netherlands), 493: 410: 385: 349:Woman's Journal 324: 319: 314: 290: 261:Catt circa 1901 230: 169: 168: 160: 156: 153: 152: 144: 128: 124: 121: 120: 83: 77: 73: 64: 58: 57:January 9, 1859 52: 50: 49: 48: 38: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 11445: 11435: 11434: 11429: 11424: 11419: 11414: 11409: 11404: 11399: 11394: 11389: 11384: 11379: 11374: 11369: 11364: 11359: 11354: 11349: 11344: 11339: 11334: 11329: 11324: 11319: 11314: 11297: 11296: 11293: 11292: 11289: 11288: 11286: 11285: 11280: 11275: 11270: 11265: 11263:Judith Plaskow 11260: 11258:Peggy McIntosh 11255: 11250: 11245: 11240: 11234: 11232: 11228: 11227: 11225: 11224: 11222:Michelle Obama 11219: 11214: 11209: 11204: 11199: 11194: 11189: 11184: 11178: 11176: 11172: 11171: 11169: 11168: 11163: 11158: 11153: 11148: 11143: 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Sutton 8779: 8774: 8768: 8766: 8758: 8757: 8747: 8746: 8743: 8742: 8739: 8738: 8736: 8735: 8730: 8725: 8720: 8714: 8712: 8708: 8707: 8705: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8683: 8681: 8677: 8676: 8674: 8673: 8668: 8663: 8658: 8652: 8650: 8646: 8645: 8643: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8627: 8621: 8619: 8615: 8614: 8612: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8599:Brenda LaBlanc 8596: 8590: 8588: 8584: 8583: 8581: 8580: 8578:Sally Pederson 8575: 8573:Ruth Cole Nash 8570: 8568:Mary Ann Evans 8565: 8559: 8557: 8553: 8552: 8550: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8537:May E. Francis 8534: 8528: 8526: 8522: 8521: 8519: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8497: 8495: 8491: 8490: 8488: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8466: 8464: 8460: 8459: 8457: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8444:Denise O'Brien 8441: 8435: 8433: 8425: 8424: 8414: 8413: 8410: 8409: 8406: 8405: 8403: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8381: 8379: 8375: 8374: 8372: 8371: 8366: 8364:Lynn G. Cutler 8361: 8356: 8350: 8348: 8344: 8343: 8341: 8340: 8335: 8333:Beulah E. Webb 8330: 8325: 8319: 8317: 8313: 8312: 8310: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8294: 8288: 8286: 8282: 8281: 8279: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8257: 8255: 8251: 8250: 8248: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8235:Lois Eichacker 8232: 8230:Mildred Benson 8226: 8224: 8220: 8219: 8217: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8195: 8193: 8189: 8188: 8186: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8164: 8162: 8158: 8157: 8155: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8133: 8131: 8127: 8126: 8124: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8102: 8100: 8092: 8091: 8081: 8080: 8077: 8076: 8073: 8072: 8070: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8048: 8046: 8042: 8041: 8039: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8023: 8017: 8015: 8011: 8010: 8008: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7986: 7984: 7980: 7979: 7977: 7976: 7971: 7966: 7961: 7955: 7953: 7949: 7948: 7946: 7945: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7924: 7922: 7918: 7917: 7915: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7893: 7891: 7887: 7886: 7884: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7862: 7860: 7856: 7855: 7853: 7852: 7847: 7842: 7837: 7831: 7829: 7825: 7824: 7822: 7821: 7816: 7811: 7809:Roxanne Conlin 7806: 7800: 7798: 7794: 7793: 7791: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7769: 7767: 7759: 7758: 7748: 7747: 7744: 7743: 7740: 7739: 7737: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7715: 7713: 7709: 7708: 7706: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7688:Jacqueline Day 7684: 7682: 7678: 7677: 7675: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7657:Jessie Binford 7653: 7651: 7647: 7646: 7644: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7626:Susan Glaspell 7622: 7620: 7616: 7615: 7613: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7595:Amelia Bloomer 7591: 7589: 7581: 7580: 7570: 7569: 7562: 7561: 7554: 7547: 7539: 7530: 7529: 7524: 7522: 7518: 7517: 7515: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7467:Hagbart Berner 7464: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7418: 7416: 7412: 7411: 7408: 7407: 7405: 7404: 7398: 7392: 7386: 7380: 7374: 7368: 7362: 7356: 7349: 7347: 7343: 7342: 7340: 7339: 7333: 7327: 7321: 7315: 7309: 7303: 7297: 7291: 7285: 7279: 7273: 7267: 7261: 7255: 7249: 7243: 7237: 7231: 7225: 7218: 7216: 7209: 7205: 7204: 7202: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7170: 7168: 7164: 7163: 7156: 7154: 7152: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7125:Gender pay gap 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7086: 7084: 7080: 7079: 7072: 7071: 7064: 7057: 7049: 7040: 7039: 7037: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7015: 7010: 7005: 6997: 6996:(2022 musical) 6989: 6988:(2018 musical) 6981: 6973: 6965: 6957: 6949: 6941: 6933: 6925: 6920: 6918:Suffrage plays 6915: 6910: 6902: 6897: 6889: 6887: 6881: 6880: 6878: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6861: 6859: 6855: 6854: 6852: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6752: 6745: 6741:Great Petition 6737: 6729: 6722: 6714: 6707: 6700: 6695: 6687: 6682: 6678:Rise up, Women 6674: 6669: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6646: 6645: 6640: 6630: 6624: 6622: 6614: 6613: 6610: 6609: 6607: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6585: 6584: 6582:Prison Special 6579: 6569: 6564: 6562:Suffrage Torch 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6518: 6516: 6512: 6511: 6509: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6462: 6460: 6456: 6455: 6453: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6436: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6358: 6352: 6348: 6347: 6345: 6344: 6343: 6342: 6337: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6270: 6269: 6268: 6267: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6248: 6247: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6234:Cayman Islands 6224:United Kingdom 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6142: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6121: 6115: 6113: 6109: 6108: 6106: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6034: 6032: 6028: 6027: 6020: 6019: 6012: 6005: 5997: 5988: 5987: 5985: 5984: 5978: 5972: 5966: 5964:Lyda Verstegen 5960: 5954: 5952:Patricia Giles 5948: 5942: 5936: 5930: 5924: 5918: 5912: 5906: 5900: 5894: 5887: 5884: 5883: 5875: 5874: 5867: 5860: 5852: 5846: 5845: 5838: 5823: 5814: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5780: 5772: 5764: 5755: 5742: 5735: 5730: 5723: 5722:External links 5720: 5719: 5718: 5707: 5692: 5685: 5670: 5663: 5655: 5648: 5641: 5634: 5628: 5619: 5606: 5603: 5602: 5601: 5595: 5582: 5576: 5563: 5557: 5542: 5536: 5523: 5517: 5504: 5498: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5477: 5470: 5452: 5422: 5396: 5378: 5360: 5338: 5312: 5271: 5262: 5228: 5210:Wild, Stephi. 5202: 5176: 5170:978-0593125182 5169: 5151: 5145:978-0375840968 5144: 5136:The Hope Chest 5126: 5120:978-1454934578 5119: 5101: 5095:978-1419638244 5094: 5076: 5070:978-0756509910 5069: 5051: 5045:979-8673926192 5044: 5026: 5013:Mirabile Dictu 4996: 4973: 4966: 4946: 4939: 4919: 4903: 4872: 4860: 4848: 4836: 4824: 4812: 4800: 4788: 4766: 4744: 4718: 4701: 4690:. October 1995 4675: 4660: 4651: 4636: 4613: 4604: 4578: 4569: 4560: 4538: 4525: 4503: 4478: 4452: 4427: 4401: 4376: 4343: 4328: 4306: 4280: 4258: 4256:, pp. 156–157. 4246: 4231: 4219: 4207: 4198: 4189: 4169: 4143: 4117: 4091: 4062: 4036: 4025:. May 29, 2023 4010: 3984: 3958: 3932: 3919: 3897: 3875: 3845: 3819: 3797: 3772: 3742: 3720: 3705: 3683: 3661: 3632: 3610: 3597: 3584: 3558: 3532: 3517: 3495: 3483: 3457: 3421: 3399: 3384: 3358: 3346: 3337: 3324: 3299: 3297:, pp. 448–449. 3287: 3261: 3246: 3244:. pp. 219–220. 3225: 3199: 3180: 3154: 3152:, pp. 284–289. 3142: 3135: 3117: 3108: 3093: 3067: 3055: 3046: 3037: 3003: 2985: 2973: 2954: 2939: 2920: 2905: 2903:, pp. 265–266. 2893: 2880: 2868: 2856: 2827: 2815: 2808: 2788: 2773: 2766: 2746: 2739: 2719: 2698: 2668: 2656: 2643: 2631: 2619: 2589: 2577: 2563: 2532: 2510: 2498: 2472: 2460: 2448: 2426: 2414: 2388: 2372: 2360: 2348: 2322: 2310: 2289: 2278: 2252: 2238: 2222: 2220:, pp. 359–360. 2210: 2208:, pp. 154–155. 2198: 2186: 2184:, pp. 151–152. 2174: 2172:, pp. 148–149. 2162: 2160:, pp. 267–269. 2150: 2124: 2112: 2097: 2071: 2054: 2028: 1999: 1987: 1985:, pp. 127–129. 1975: 1963: 1951: 1939: 1927: 1915: 1903: 1891: 1879: 1853: 1821: 1809: 1776: 1745: 1730: 1718: 1700: 1663: 1651: 1621: 1609: 1597: 1586:on May 4, 2013 1567: 1555: 1540: 1528: 1516: 1501: 1478: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1456: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1409: 1408: 1392: 1389: 1349:The Suffragist 1286:The Hope Chest 1265: 1262: 1201: 1198: 1170: 1167: 1144: 1141: 1117:24th Amendment 1099: 1096: 1095: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 945: 942: 939: 938: 928: 888: 885: 883:in the 1930s. 842:15th Amendment 828: 825: 778: 775: 743: 740: 704: 701: 699: 696: 681:Eugénia Meller 615: 612: 588: 587: 584: 581: 568: 565: 529:Anita Augspurg 492: 489: 418:Maud Wood Park 409: 406: 384: 381: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 289: 286: 229: 226: 185: 184: 176: 175: 171: 170: 158: 154: 150: 149: 148: 147: 126: 122: 118: 117: 116: 115: 112: 110: 106: 105: 99: 95: 94: 89: 85: 84: 78: 76:(aged 88) 70: 66: 65: 59: 46: 44: 40: 39: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11444: 11433: 11430: 11428: 11425: 11423: 11420: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11408: 11405: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11390: 11388: 11385: 11383: 11380: 11378: 11375: 11373: 11370: 11368: 11365: 11363: 11360: 11358: 11355: 11353: 11350: 11348: 11345: 11343: 11340: 11338: 11335: 11333: 11330: 11328: 11325: 11323: 11320: 11318: 11315: 11313: 11310: 11309: 11307: 11284: 11281: 11279: 11276: 11274: 11271: 11269: 11266: 11264: 11261: 11259: 11256: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11238:Patricia Bath 11236: 11235: 11233: 11229: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11207:Emily Howland 11205: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11179: 11177: 11173: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11161:Toni Morrison 11159: 11157: 11154: 11152: 11149: 11147: 11144: 11142: 11139: 11138: 11136: 11132: 11128: 11121: 11117: 11103: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11093: 11090: 11088: 11085: 11083: 11080: 11078: 11075: 11073: 11070: 11068: 11065: 11063: 11060: 11058: 11057:Gloria Allred 11055: 11054: 11052: 11048: 11042: 11039: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11026:Aimee Mullins 11024: 11022: 11019: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10996:Matilda Cuomo 10994: 10993: 10991: 10987: 10981: 10980:Eleanor Smeal 10978: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10966: 10963: 10961: 10958: 10956: 10953: 10951: 10948: 10946: 10945:Martha Graham 10943: 10941: 10940:Nancy Brinker 10938: 10936: 10933: 10932: 10930: 10926: 10920: 10917: 10915: 10914:Anna Schwartz 10912: 10910: 10907: 10905: 10902: 10900: 10897: 10895: 10892: 10890: 10887: 10885: 10882: 10880: 10877: 10876: 10874: 10870: 10864: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10831: 10829: 10826: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10810: 10808: 10804: 10800: 10793: 10789: 10775: 10774:Kate Stoneman 10772: 10770: 10769:Susan Solomon 10767: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10752: 10750: 10747: 10745: 10742: 10740: 10737: 10735: 10732: 10730: 10727: 10726: 10724: 10720: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10693:Winona LaDuke 10691: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10670: 10668: 10664: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10622:Betty Bumpers 10620: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10609: 10607: 10603: 10597: 10594: 10592: 10591:Anne Sullivan 10589: 10587: 10584: 10582: 10579: 10577: 10574: 10572: 10569: 10567: 10564: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10554: 10552: 10549: 10547: 10544: 10542: 10539: 10538: 10536: 10532: 10526: 10523: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10506: 10503: 10501: 10498: 10497: 10495: 10491: 10485: 10482: 10480: 10477: 10475: 10472: 10470: 10467: 10465: 10462: 10460: 10459:Althea Gibson 10457: 10455: 10452: 10450: 10447: 10445: 10442: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10421: 10419: 10415: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10321: 10319: 10316: 10315: 10313: 10309: 10305: 10298: 10294: 10280: 10277: 10275: 10272: 10270: 10269:Florence Wald 10267: 10265: 10264:Beverly Sills 10262: 10260: 10257: 10255: 10252: 10250: 10247: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10234:Shannon Lucid 10232: 10230: 10227: 10225: 10222: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10176: 10174: 10170: 10164: 10163:Edith Wharton 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10110: 10108: 10104: 10098: 10095: 10093: 10092:Pat Schroeder 10090: 10088: 10085: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10009: 10007: 10003: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9986:Oprah Winfrey 9984: 9982: 9979: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9966:Wilma Rudolph 9964: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9886:Myra Bradwell 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9873: 9871: 9867: 9861: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9848: 9846: 9843: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9820:Elaine Roulet 9818: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9730:Betty Friedan 9728: 9726: 9723: 9721: 9718: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9708: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9691: 9688: 9687: 9685: 9681: 9675: 9672: 9671: 9669: 9665: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9640: 9638: 9634: 9630: 9623: 9619: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9581: 9579: 9575: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9555: 9553: 9549: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9534: 9532: 9528: 9522: 9521:Lucretia Mott 9519: 9517: 9514: 9513: 9511: 9507: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9492: 9490: 9486: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9471: 9469: 9465: 9461: 9454: 9450: 9436: 9433: 9431: 9428: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9417: 9415: 9411: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9399:Margaret Mead 9397: 9395: 9394:Abigail Adams 9392: 9391: 9389: 9385: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9366: 9364: 9361: 9359: 9356: 9354: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9334: 9331: 9329: 9326: 9324: 9321: 9319: 9318:Rachel Carson 9316: 9314: 9313:Pearl S. Buck 9311: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9280: 9278: 9274: 9270: 9263: 9259: 9255: 9247: 9242: 9240: 9235: 9233: 9228: 9227: 9224: 9206: 9205: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9190: 9188: 9184: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9159: 9157: 9153: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9128: 9126: 9122: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9092: 9090: 9086: 9082: 9075: 9071: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9041:Ruth B. Klotz 9039: 9038: 9036: 9032: 9026: 9025:Peggy Whitson 9023: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9007: 9005: 9001: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8976: 8974: 8970: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8948:Grace Amemiya 8946: 8945: 8943: 8939: 8933: 8932:Marsha Ternus 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8914: 8912: 8908: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8886:Renee Hardman 8884: 8883: 8881: 8877: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8852: 8850: 8846: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8831: 8829: 8825: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8800: 8798: 8794: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8769: 8767: 8763: 8759: 8752: 8748: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8715: 8713: 8709: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8684: 8682: 8678: 8672: 8669: 8667: 8664: 8662: 8659: 8657: 8654: 8653: 8651: 8647: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8622: 8620: 8616: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8591: 8589: 8585: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8560: 8558: 8554: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8529: 8527: 8523: 8517: 8516:Shirley Ruedy 8514: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8498: 8496: 8492: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8467: 8465: 8461: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8436: 8434: 8430: 8426: 8419: 8415: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8382: 8380: 8376: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8351: 8349: 8345: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8331: 8329: 8326: 8324: 8321: 8320: 8318: 8314: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8289: 8287: 8283: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8258: 8256: 8252: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8240:Gertrude Rush 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8227: 8225: 8221: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8196: 8194: 8190: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8165: 8163: 8159: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8134: 8132: 8128: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8103: 8101: 8097: 8093: 8086: 8082: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8049: 8047: 8043: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8018: 8016: 8012: 8006: 8005:Nellie Walker 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7987: 7985: 7981: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7956: 7954: 7950: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7925: 7923: 7919: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7894: 7892: 7888: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7863: 7861: 7857: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7845:Pearl Hogrefe 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7832: 7830: 7826: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7801: 7799: 7795: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7770: 7768: 7764: 7760: 7753: 7749: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7716: 7714: 7710: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7685: 7683: 7679: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7654: 7652: 7648: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7623: 7621: 7617: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7592: 7590: 7586: 7582: 7575: 7571: 7567: 7560: 7555: 7553: 7548: 7546: 7541: 7540: 7537: 7527: 7523: 7519: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7507:Betty Friedan 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7419: 7417: 7413: 7402: 7399: 7396: 7393: 7390: 7387: 7384: 7381: 7378: 7375: 7372: 7369: 7366: 7363: 7360: 7357: 7354: 7351: 7350: 7348: 7344: 7337: 7334: 7331: 7328: 7325: 7322: 7319: 7316: 7313: 7310: 7307: 7304: 7301: 7298: 7295: 7292: 7289: 7286: 7283: 7280: 7277: 7274: 7271: 7268: 7265: 7262: 7259: 7256: 7253: 7250: 7247: 7244: 7241: 7238: 7235: 7232: 7229: 7226: 7223: 7220: 7219: 7217: 7213: 7210: 7206: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7171: 7169: 7165: 7160: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7134:Glass ceiling 7132: 7130: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7105:Right to work 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7087: 7085: 7081: 7077: 7070: 7065: 7063: 7058: 7056: 7051: 7050: 7047: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7002: 6998: 6995: 6994: 6990: 6987: 6986: 6982: 6980: 6978: 6974: 6972: 6970: 6966: 6964: 6963:(2013 sitcom) 6962: 6958: 6956: 6954: 6950: 6948: 6946: 6942: 6940: 6939:(1974 series) 6938: 6934: 6932: 6930: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6907: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6895: 6891: 6890: 6888: 6882: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6862: 6860: 6856: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6799: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6757: 6753: 6751: 6750: 6746: 6744: 6742: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6730: 6728: 6727: 6723: 6721: 6719: 6715: 6713: 6712: 6708: 6706: 6705: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6692: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6679: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6667: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6635: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6625: 6623: 6621: 6615: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6574: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6513: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6463: 6461: 6457: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6359: 6356: 6353: 6349: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6275: 6274: 6273:United States 6271: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6251: 6249: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6231: 6230: 6227: 6226: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6186:Liechtenstein 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6126: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6116: 6114: 6110: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6083:Demeny voting 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6035: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6018: 6013: 6011: 6006: 6004: 5999: 5998: 5995: 5983: 5979: 5977: 5976:Cheryl Hayles 5973: 5971: 5967: 5965: 5961: 5959: 5955: 5953: 5949: 5947: 5943: 5941: 5940:Olive Bloomer 5937: 5935: 5931: 5929: 5925: 5923: 5919: 5917: 5913: 5911: 5907: 5905: 5901: 5899: 5895: 5893: 5889: 5888: 5885: 5881: 5873: 5868: 5866: 5861: 5859: 5854: 5853: 5850: 5843: 5839: 5831: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5788: 5784: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5769: 5765: 5763: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5750: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5725: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5690: 5686: 5683: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5668: 5664: 5661: 5660: 5656: 5654:53(1): 27–41. 5653: 5649: 5646: 5642: 5639: 5635: 5633: 5629: 5626: 5625: 5620: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5608: 5598: 5592: 5588: 5583: 5579: 5577:1-55861-139-8 5573: 5569: 5564: 5560: 5558:0-253-21176-X 5554: 5550: 5549: 5543: 5539: 5533: 5529: 5524: 5520: 5518:0-930350-86-3 5514: 5510: 5505: 5501: 5495: 5491: 5486: 5485: 5482:Cited sources 5473: 5471:0-231-10738-2 5467: 5463: 5456: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5426: 5410: 5406: 5400: 5392: 5388: 5382: 5374: 5370: 5364: 5349: 5346:Hayes, Lisa. 5342: 5326: 5322: 5316: 5308: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5275: 5266: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5232: 5217: 5213: 5206: 5191: 5187: 5180: 5172: 5166: 5162: 5155: 5147: 5141: 5137: 5130: 5122: 5116: 5112: 5105: 5097: 5091: 5087: 5080: 5072: 5066: 5062: 5055: 5047: 5041: 5037: 5030: 5014: 5007: 5000: 4984: 4977: 4969: 4963: 4959: 4958: 4950: 4942: 4936: 4932: 4931: 4923: 4916: 4910: 4908: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4876: 4869: 4864: 4857: 4852: 4846:, pp. 144–146 4845: 4840: 4834: 4828: 4821: 4816: 4809: 4804: 4797: 4792: 4777: 4770: 4755: 4748: 4733: 4729: 4722: 4715: 4711: 4705: 4689: 4685: 4679: 4671: 4664: 4655: 4647: 4640: 4634: 4630: 4627: 4623: 4617: 4608: 4593: 4589: 4582: 4573: 4564: 4549: 4542: 4535: 4529: 4514: 4507: 4489: 4482: 4467: 4463: 4456: 4438: 4431: 4415: 4411: 4405: 4387: 4380: 4361: 4354: 4347: 4339: 4332: 4317: 4310: 4295: 4291: 4284: 4269: 4262: 4255: 4250: 4242: 4235: 4228: 4223: 4216: 4211: 4202: 4193: 4186: 4182: 4179: 4173: 4158: 4154: 4147: 4132: 4128: 4121: 4106: 4102: 4095: 4080: 4076: 4069: 4067: 4051: 4047: 4040: 4024: 4020: 4014: 3999: 3995: 3988: 3973: 3969: 3962: 3947: 3943: 3936: 3929: 3923: 3907: 3901: 3885: 3879: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3849: 3834: 3830: 3823: 3808: 3801: 3786: 3782: 3776: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3746: 3731: 3724: 3716: 3709: 3694: 3687: 3672: 3665: 3649: 3642: 3636: 3621: 3614: 3608:16(1): 57-65. 3607: 3601: 3594: 3588: 3573: 3569: 3562: 3547: 3543: 3536: 3528: 3521: 3513: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3492: 3487: 3472: 3468: 3461: 3453: 3447: 3432: 3425: 3410: 3403: 3395: 3388: 3372: 3368: 3362: 3356: 3350: 3341: 3334: 3328: 3321: 3317: 3314: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3296: 3291: 3276: 3272: 3265: 3257: 3250: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3229: 3213: 3209: 3203: 3195: 3191: 3184: 3168: 3164: 3158: 3151: 3146: 3138: 3132: 3128: 3121: 3112: 3104: 3097: 3082: 3078: 3071: 3064: 3059: 3050: 3041: 3033: 3026: 3014: 3006: 3004:0-252-07276-6 3000: 2996: 2989: 2982: 2977: 2969: 2965: 2958: 2950: 2943: 2935: 2931: 2924: 2916: 2909: 2902: 2897: 2890: 2887:As quoted in 2884: 2877: 2872: 2865: 2860: 2845: 2841: 2834: 2832: 2824: 2819: 2811: 2805: 2801: 2800: 2792: 2784: 2777: 2769: 2767:0-674-62734-2 2763: 2759: 2758: 2750: 2742: 2740:0-618-15446-9 2736: 2732: 2731: 2723: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2702: 2686: 2682: 2675: 2673: 2666:, pp. 213–218 2665: 2660: 2653: 2650:As quoted in 2647: 2640: 2635: 2628: 2623: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2596: 2594: 2587:, pp. 138–139 2586: 2581: 2573: 2567: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2536: 2521: 2514: 2507: 2502: 2487: 2483: 2476: 2470:, pp. 157–158 2469: 2464: 2457: 2452: 2437: 2430: 2423: 2418: 2403: 2399: 2392: 2385: 2379: 2377: 2369: 2364: 2358:, pp. 169–173 2357: 2352: 2337: 2333: 2326: 2319: 2314: 2299: 2293: 2287: 2282: 2266: 2262: 2256: 2250: 2245: 2243: 2235: 2229: 2227: 2219: 2214: 2207: 2202: 2195: 2190: 2183: 2178: 2171: 2166: 2159: 2154: 2139: 2135: 2128: 2121: 2116: 2108: 2101: 2086: 2082: 2075: 2067: 2066: 2058: 2042: 2038: 2032: 2016: 2009: 2003: 1996: 1991: 1984: 1979: 1972: 1967: 1960: 1955: 1948: 1943: 1937: 1931: 1925: 1919: 1912: 1907: 1900: 1895: 1888: 1883: 1868: 1864: 1857: 1842: 1838: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1818: 1813: 1798: 1794: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1765: 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1058: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1027: 1023: 1022: 1018: 1016: 1010: 1006: 1004: 1000: 996: 995:Lucretia Mott 992: 988: 983: 981: 976: 967: 966:Lucretia Mott 963: 959: 955: 950: 933: 929: 925: 920: 916: 915: 912: 908: 906: 902: 898: 894: 884: 882: 878: 874: 868: 865: 864:anti-suffrage 861: 856: 852: 851: 847:In 1920, the 845: 843: 839: 838:New York City 834: 824: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 801: 799: 793: 791: 790: 785: 774: 772: 768: 762: 757: 755: 754: 749: 739: 736: 731: 728: 723: 721: 716: 714: 710: 698:Catt and race 695: 693: 688: 686: 682: 677: 675: 671: 666: 662: 658: 655: 650: 646: 644: 639: 630: 624: 623:Juniper Ledge 620: 611: 607: 603: 601: 597: 592: 585: 582: 579: 578: 577: 573: 564: 560: 558: 552: 548: 544: 542: 538: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 505:Aletta Jacobs 502: 497: 488: 486: 482: 476: 474: 468: 465: 463: 462:Woman Citizen 458: 455: 451: 447: 443: 441: 436: 429: 425: 421: 419: 415: 405: 401: 399: 393: 389: 380: 378: 373: 371: 370:Woman's Bible 367: 363: 362: 357: 352: 350: 344: 340: 338: 334: 330: 309: 307: 301: 299: 298:typhoid fever 295: 285: 283: 278: 276: 271: 269: 259: 255: 253: 249: 245: 240: 235: 225: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 191: 182: 177: 172: 146: 145: 114: 113: 111: 107: 103: 100: 96: 93: 90: 88:Resting place 86: 81: 72:March 9, 1947 71: 67: 62: 45: 41: 34: 29: 22: 19: 11268:Loretta Ross 11243:Ruby Bridges 11187:Judy Chicago 11082:Rose O'Neill 11062:Angela Davis 11041:Alice Waters 11036:Janet Rowley 11031:Carol Mutter 10919:Emma Willard 10899:Nancy Pelosi 10894:Kate Millett 10759:Ruth Patrick 10754:Emma Lazarus 10739:Karen DeCrow 10734:Mildred Cohn 10429:Lucille Ball 10403:Eudora Welty 10378:Sophia Smith 10363:Kate Mullany 10219:Sarah Grimké 10184:Maya Angelou 10017:Ann Bancroft 9996:Fanny Wright 9916:Grace Hopper 9840:Lillian Wald 9795:Annie Oakley 9775:Mary Mahoney 9599:Mary Risteau 9589:Willa Cather 9542:Bessie Smith 9494: 9420:Dorothea Dix 9348:Helen Keller 9323:Mary Cassatt 9298:Clara Barton 9202: 9177:Mary Swander 9110:Helen Miller 8994:Kim Reynolds 8963:Viola Gibson 8891:Mary O'Keefe 8803:Nancy Dunkel 8671:Connie Wimer 8307:Mary E. Wood 8209:Phebe Sudlow 7933:Edna Griffin 7599: 7476: 7149:LGBT+ rights 7000: 6991: 6983: 6976: 6968: 6961:Up the Women 6960: 6952: 6944: 6936: 6928: 6908:(1947 opera) 6905: 6824:Suffrage Oak 6809:Justice Bell 6796: 6754: 6747: 6740: 6732: 6724: 6717: 6709: 6702: 6690: 6677: 6664: 6364:conferences 6031:Basic topics 5982:Marion Böker 5891: 5714: 5695: 5688: 5673: 5666: 5657: 5651: 5644: 5637: 5622: 5621:Behn, Beth. 5615: 5586: 5567: 5547: 5527: 5508: 5489: 5461: 5455: 5445:November 19, 5443:. Retrieved 5439:the original 5434: 5425: 5413:. Retrieved 5408: 5399: 5390: 5381: 5372: 5363: 5351:. Retrieved 5341: 5329:. Retrieved 5324: 5315: 5288: 5284: 5274: 5265: 5253:. Retrieved 5241: 5231: 5219:. Retrieved 5215: 5205: 5193:. Retrieved 5189: 5179: 5160: 5154: 5135: 5129: 5110: 5104: 5085: 5079: 5060: 5054: 5035: 5029: 5017:. Retrieved 5012: 4999: 4987:. Retrieved 4976: 4956: 4949: 4929: 4922: 4914: 4896:December 24, 4894:. 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