38:
226:
1663:
720:
691:
662:
633:
1256:
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1030:
1022:
985:
956:
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1512:
400:—another career officer from the north—in power. The elevation of Sassou Nguesso, who represented the PCT's left-wing, marked a return to party orthodoxy. Sassou Nguesso was neither a radical leftist nor an ideologue; his policies were generally marked by pragmatism, and he sought warm relations with the West as well as the
466:
was re-elected as
Secretary-General of the PCT; the Central Committee elected at the 2006 congress included more than 500 members (there were previously less than 150 members), while the Political Bureau elected on the same occasion included more than 60 members and the Permanent Secretariat included
505:
was elected as
Secretary-General of the PCT. His election as Secretary-General was considered surprising. It had been widely expected that the post would go to a more prominent figure, but Sassou Nguesso chose Ngolo, reportedly viewing him as a skilled organizer and as relatively uncontroversial. He
423:
Serious unrest in 1990 resulted in the collapse of the PCT regime. Sassou
Nguesso was forced to introduce multi-party politics in 1990 and then call a National Conference in 1991. The National Conference saw severe criticism of Sassou Nguesso and repudiated PCT rule; it set up a non-PCT transitional
470:
The political landscape in Congo-Brazzaville has been highly fractured since the early 1990s. In an effort to consolidate support for Sassou
Nguesso, an initiative to "refound" the PCT as a broader party was attempted in 2006. Although backed by Secretary-General Noumazalaye, the effort encountered
489:
held on 24 June and 5 August 2007, the PCT won 46 seats; although it was again the largest party, the fractionalization of the political landscape ensured that it fell well short of a parliamentary majority. The combined parties of the
Presidential Majority supporting Sassou Nguesso won an
1488:
1367:
1594:
1443:
1339:
1570:
361:, it was essentially a military regime with a strongly ethno-regional character. Members of the southern ethnic groups, who were far more numerous than northerners, were included in the power structure, but the top leaders were consistently northerners.
419:
position; Sassou
Nguesso was able to marginalize the Katali faction at the 1984 congress. Katali was demoted to a minor government ministry, but suffered no further punishment; when he died of a heart attack in 1986, he was considered a national hero.
352:
on 29 December 1969, and was Congo-Brazzaville's sole ruling party from its inception. From the outset, it was heavily dominated by military officers from the sparsely populated north of Congo-Brazzaville. Although the PCT regime was designed as a
1567:
1364:
1440:
1336:
513:, the PCT won a parliamentary majority for the first time in the multiparty era, obtaining 89 out of 139 seats. The party has since remained the largest in the National Assembly, increasing its share of seats both in the
2360:
436:. Although Marxist–Leninist ideology was abandoned, the party remained loyal to Sassou Nguesso and it continued to be dominated by key figures from the one-party era. Sassou Nguesso ultimately returned to power in the
364:
Ideologically, the party represented a spectrum of
Marxist–Leninist views and suffered from internecine struggles in the 1970s, which sometimes turned violent. Some leaders on the left-wing of the party, such as
411:, a leftist ideologue who was one of the PCT's top-ranking leaders, was accused of organizing a bomb plot and removed from the leadership at the 1984 party congress. A powerful faction in the party, led by
1467:
495:
494:(RMP). While the member parties of the RMP preserved their distinct identities, the grouping provided for some degree of consolidation and improved organization among Sassou Nguesso's supporters. In the
1728:
1734:
1555:
1704:
1626:
2163:
491:
1535:
1710:
1648:
1220:
891:
853:
809:
765:
1814:
2197:
1779:
412:
2588:
1764:
1141:
1082:
1656:
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381:
against
Ngouabi in February 1972. The right wing of the party, which was derided as having only a superficial commitment to Marxism–Leninism, was represented by
506:
was reportedly viewed as a "man of compromise": "an open conservative, anxious to preserve the identity of the party, while understanding the need for change".
1657:
259:
1641:
1819:
388:
Ngouabi was assassinated under unclear circumstances in March 1977 and succeeded by Yhombi Opango, whose opponents in the PCT were angered by his rightist
1722:
1078:
1416:
1895:
1747:
1229:
1158:
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1108:
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510:
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overwhelming majority: 125 out of 137 seats. After the election, a large grouping of parties, including the PCT, was launched in
December 2007: the
2056:
1809:
1634:
1275:
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1166:
1037:
701:
672:
643:
614:
580:
448:
393:
173:
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462:
At the party's Fifth
Extraordinary Congress in December 2006, Sassou-Nguesso was re-elected as President of the Central Committee of the PCT and
2568:
2176:
1829:
1162:
437:
1739:
1513:"Denis Sassou Nguesso aux congressistes du P.c.t : «Les élections ne se gagnent pas dans les bureaux. Elles se gagnent sur le terrain»"
2578:
407:
As Sassou Nguesso consolidated power, PCT factionalism was less pronounced during the 1980s, although internal power struggles continued.
2153:
1925:
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1824:
1794:
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1998:
1933:
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452:
205:
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1970:
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343:
311:
2145:
1978:
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444:
408:
2331:
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1149:
319:
2265:
2207:
1947:
191:
2339:
2167:
1964:
1413:
374:
2353:
451:
with 89.4% of the vote; there were no serious opposition candidates. The PCT won 53 out of 137 seats in the
2370:
2256:
2021:
113:
37:
2321:
2271:
2036:
1692:
1271:
1208:
1095:
1873:
2464:
2436:
2385:
2312:
1939:
2499:
1984:
2345:
2327:
2553:
2514:
2116:
2075:
2413:
225:
1804:
1789:
1662:
1568:"Élections législatives – PCT 89 sièges, Indépendants 12, Upads 7, MCDDI 7, autres partis 20"
1099:
382:
292:
2015:
814:
585:
463:
397:
370:
327:
304:
151:
136:
48:
1365:"Denis Sassou Nguesso reconduit à la tête du comité central du Parti congolais du travail"
8:
1489:"Vie des partis : Pierre Ngolo élu secrétaire général du Parti congolais du travail"
2182:
1392:
315:
159:
146:
2376:
1839:
472:
467:
15 members. Social democracy was also adopted as the party's new principal ideology.
163:
1441:"La dépouille mortelle du président du Sénat attendue le 23 novembre à Brazzaville"
529:
The party had about 70,000 members in 1990; by 2005, it had about 250,000 members.
392:
and perceived marginalization of the party, and they ousted him in a February 1979
323:
121:
1852:
1468:"Ă€ Brazzaville, le Parti congolais du travail Ă la recherche d'un second souffle"
1447:
1420:
1371:
1343:
433:
358:
280:
1299:
770:
479:
349:
307:
296:
70:
1294:
2547:
2450:
2190:
1574:
1337:"La direction du Parti Congolais du Travail s'ouvre aux jeunes et aux femmes"
501:
At the PCT's Sixth Extraordinary Congress, held in Brazzaville in July 2011,
331:
385:; the 1972 plot was inspired by the left wing's loathing for Yhombi Opango.
2519:
2422:
2139:
1992:
502:
459:; together with smaller, allied parties, it held a parliamentary majority.
416:
401:
389:
366:
354:
300:
288:
60:
2524:
2403:
2304:
1903:
106:
2049:
1414:"Le président du Sénat, Ambroise Edouard Noumazalay est décédé à Paris"
1393:"LA SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIE: Nouvelle Doctrine du Parti Congolais du Travail"
432:
The PCT was in opposition from 1992 to 1997, during the presidency of
2509:
443:
Denis Sassou Nguesso, presidential candidate of both the PCT and the
131:
2006:
2504:
2456:
2287:
2067:
424:
government and reduced Sassou Nguesso to figurehead status.
2534:
An asterisk indicates a party no longer espousing communism
2531:
Italics indicates a current ruling party or communist state
2233:
2198:
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde
2159:
2108:
1954:
1595:"Elections législatives : les 51 élus du premier tour"
1765:
Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development
184:
1619:
478:
Noumazalaye died in November 2007, and Prime Minister
475:, who wanted to preserve the PCT as a distinct party.
239:
1904:
Current and former ruling parties of communist states
2361:
Movement for the Liberation of SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1317:"President wins decisive victory over pro-Soviets",
330:is the President of the PCT Central Committee, and
471:firm opposition from PCT "conservatives", led by
2589:1969 establishments in the Republic of the Congo
2545:
2057:African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde
1556:"Congo ruling party wins majority in parliament"
2574:Political parties in the Republic of the Congo
1955:People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola
1658:Political parties in the Republic of the Congo
731:
1889:
1642:
498:, the RMP parties ran joint candidate lists.
482:became Interim Secretary-General of the PCT.
1531:
1529:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1896:
1882:
1795:Patriotic Union for Democracy and Progress
1649:
1635:
377:position; they unsuccessfully attempted a
36:
537:
16:Ruling party of the Republic of the Congo
1926:People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
1729:Party for Agreement and Political Action
1526:
1324:
2037:Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party
1785:Movement for Solidarity and Development
1699:Rally for Democracy and Social Progress
1536:"Congo : la surprise Pierre Ngolo"
511:July–August 2012 parliamentary election
2584:Communism in the Republic of the Congo
2546:
2272:Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
1770:Convention for Democracy and Salvation
1687:Pan-African Union for Social Democracy
1507:
1505:
1395:(in French). Congolese Party of Labour
2569:Political parties established in 1969
2377:Seychelles People's Progressive Front
1971:People's Revolutionary Party of Benin
1877:
1863:Politics of the Republic of the Congo
1705:Dynamic for the Republic and Recovery
1630:
1561:
1385:
334:is the Secretary-General of the PCT.
255:Politics of the Republic of the Congo
2396:Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party
1815:Union for Democracy and the Republic
532:
457:May–June 2002 parliamentary election
2579:Social democratic parties in Africa
2429:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
2257:Vanguard of the Malagasy Revolution
1800:Rally for Democracy and Development
1780:Movement for Democracy and Progress
1502:
326:as its principal ideology in 2006.
105:5, rue LĂ©on Jacob, Quartier Mpila,
96:National Movement of the Revolution
13:
2480:League of Communists of Yugoslavia
2443:Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party
2222:Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party
1288:
492:Rally of the Presidential Majority
427:
14:
2600:
2564:Formerly ruling communist parties
2132:Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
1611:
348:The PCT was founded by President
337:
2242:Lao People's Revolutionary Party
2217:Hungarian Working People's Party
2146:Socialist Unity Party of Germany
1835:Union of Humanist Democrats-Yuki
1661:
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449:March 2002 presidential election
224:
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320:dissolution of the Soviet Union
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344:People's Republic of the Congo
312:People's Republic of the Congo
1:
2392:Supreme Revolutionary Council
1711:Union for a People's Movement
1321:, 17 October 1984, pages 1–3.
1305:
524:
409:Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya
2559:Parties of one-party systems
2332:Polish United Workers' Party
2022:Communist Party of Kampuchea
1820:Union for Democratic Renewal
7:
1693:Action and Renewal Movement
1599:Les DĂ©pĂŞches de Brazzaville
1579:Les DĂ©pĂŞches de Brazzaville
1493:Les DĂ©pĂŞches de Brazzaville
1452:Les DĂ©pĂŞches de Brazzaville
1425:Les DĂ©pĂŞches de Brazzaville
1376:Les DĂ©pĂŞches de Brazzaville
1348:Les DĂ©pĂŞches de Brazzaville
732:National Assembly elections
438:June–October 1997 civil war
10:
2605:
2465:Communist Party of Vietnam
2168:Workers' Party of Ethiopia
1999:African Independence Party
1940:Party of Labour of Albania
1748:Union of Democratic Forces
813:
415:, favored a hard-line pro-
341:
314:. It took a more moderate
299:, it was originally a pro-
285:Parti congolais du travail
80:29 December 1969
29:Parti congolais du travail
2500:List of communist parties
2495:
2472:
2449:
2435:
2421:
2410:National Liberation Front
2402:
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2092:Congolese Party of Labour
2083:
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2048:
2028:
2014:
2005:
1991:
1985:Bulgarian Communist Party
1977:
1963:
1946:
1932:
1918:
1909:
1858:List of political parties
1848:
1757:
1681:Congolese Party of Labour
1671:
711:
682:
653:
624:
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584:
556:
553:
550:
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521:parliamentary elections.
277:Congolese Party of Labour
250:
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169:
145:
112:
101:
91:
76:
66:
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44:
35:
26:Congolese Party of Labour
23:
2346:Romanian Communist Party
1810:United Democratic Forces
1342:23 February 2012 at the
445:United Democratic Forces
174:United Democratic Forces
2313:Workers' Party of Korea
2117:Communist Party of Cuba
2076:Chinese Communist Party
147:Political position
2414:Yemeni Socialist Party
1830:Union for the Republic
1232:coalition government
538:Presidential elections
487:parliamentary election
413:François-Xavier Katali
284:
2354:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
2328:Polish Workers' Party
1805:Take Action for Congo
1790:New Democratic Forces
1558:, AFP, 7 August 2012.
1282:coalition government
1169:coalition government
1102:coalition government
1040:coalition government
383:Joachim Yhombi Opango
318:stance following the
295:. Founded in 1969 by
293:Republic of the Congo
1517:La Semaine Africaine
815:Denis Sassou Nguesso
586:Denis Sassou-Nguesso
496:2008 local elections
464:Ambroise Noumazalaye
398:Denis Sassou Nguesso
373:, favored a radical
371:Claude-Ernest Ndalla
328:Denis Sassou Nguesso
322:in 1991 and adopted
170:National affiliation
49:Denis Sassou Nguesso
1542:, 1 September 2011
1454:, 22 November 2007
1446:8 July 2011 at the
1427:, 18 November 2007
1419:8 July 2011 at the
1378:, 30 December 2006
1370:8 July 2011 at the
1350:, 30 December 2006
1319:Africa Confidential
447:coalition, won the
2183:New Jewel Movement
1825:Union for Progress
1573:2 January 2013 at
1335:Emmanuel Mbengue,
310:which founded the
2541:
2540:
2490:
2489:
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2296:
2295:
2100:
2099:
2044:
2043:
1871:
1870:
1840:Youth in Movement
1673:National Assembly
1286:
1285:
925:Sole legal party
886:Sole legal party
848:Sole legal party
804:Sole legal party
729:
728:
533:Electoral history
473:Justin Lekoundzou
453:National Assembly
357:-style socialist
273:
272:
260:Political parties
206:National Assembly
56:Secretary-General
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2012:
2011:
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1620:Official website
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1581:, 9 August 2012
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548:Party candidate
542:
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324:social democracy
305:Marxist–Leninist
246:
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228:
213:
199:
137:Marxism–Leninism
122:Social democracy
92:Preceded by
87:
85:
57:
40:
21:
20:
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1987:
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1942:
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1735:Patriotic Front
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1519:, 30 July 2011
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1495:, 26 July 2011
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1474:, 25 July 2011
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1289:Notable members
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719:
694:
690:
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661:
636:
632:
607:
603:
540:
535:
527:
434:Pascal Lissouba
430:
428:Multi-party era
359:one-party state
346:
340:
269:
238:
214:
211:
200:
197:
176:(2002 - ?)
158:
154:
141:
83:
81:
55:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2602:
2592:
2591:
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2554:Labour parties
2539:
2538:
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2318:
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2126:Czechoslovakia
2122:
2121:
2114:
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2101:
2098:
2097:
2089:
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1397:. Retrieved
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551:First round
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503:Pierre Ngolo
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402:Eastern Bloc
390:deviationism
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367:Ange Diawara
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289:ruling party
276:
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102:Headquarters
61:Pierre Ngolo
18:
2525:Warsaw Pact
2404:South Yemen
2305:North Korea
1920:Afghanistan
1738: [
1603:(in French)
1583:(in French)
1544:(in French)
1521:(in French)
1497:(in French)
1476:(in French)
1456:(in French)
1429:(in French)
1380:(in French)
1352:(in French)
1295:Benoît Bati
999:Opposition
962:Opposition
379:coup d'etat
375:pro-Chinese
156:Historical:
152:Centre-left
127:Historical:
107:Brazzaville
2548:Categories
2474:Yugoslavia
2371:Seychelles
2281:Mozambique
2251:Madagascar
2050:Cape Verde
1775:Life Party
1306:References
706:1,539,725
648:1,055,117
619:1,075,247
525:Membership
342:See also:
219:Party flag
84:1969-12-29
2515:Comintern
2510:Cominform
1723:Club 2002
1276:Club 2002
1249:112 / 151
1226:Club 2002
1167:Club 2002
1079:Club 2002
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757:Position
739:Election
545:Election
316:left-wing
265:Elections
212:112 / 151
160:Left-wing
132:Communism
45:President
2266:Mongolia
2154:Ethiopia
2007:Cambodia
1979:Bulgaria
1571:Archived
1444:Archived
1417:Archived
1368:Archived
1340:Archived
1186:96 / 151
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978:15 / 101
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896:870,460
858:853,168
819:725,981
775:375,382
677:838,922
590:131,346
557:Results
164:far-left
114:Ideology
2505:Comecon
2457:Vietnam
2386:Somalia
2340:Romania
2288:FRELIMO
2208:Hungary
2177:Grenada
1934:Albania
1399:18 July
760:Result
716:Elected
709:88.40%
687:Elected
680:60.19%
658:Elected
651:78.61%
629:Elected
622:89.41%
593:16.75%
509:In the
485:In the
455:in the
291:of the
233:Website
198:44 / 72
181:Colours
82: (
77:Founded
67:Founder
2322:Poland
1948:Angola
751:Seats
745:Votes
570:Votes
562:Votes
417:Soviet
355:Soviet
301:Soviet
281:French
192:Senate
2164:COPWE
2085:Congo
2068:China
1965:Benin
1742:]
1142:MCDDI
1083:MCDDI
899:100%
861:100%
822:100%
778:100%
2437:Tuva
2234:Laos
2160:Derg
2109:Cuba
1683:(90)
1401:2020
1280:RDPS
1270:PCT–
1267:1st
1239:2022
1213:RDPS
1207:PCT–
1204:1st
1176:2017
1146:RDPS
1140:PCT-
1137:1st
1109:2012
1100:AGIR
1092:UPDP
1077:PCT–
1074:1st
1046:2007
1036:PCT–
1033:1st
1005:2002
996:3rd
968:1993
959:3rd
951:115
931:1992
922:1st
892:1989
883:1st
854:1984
845:1st
810:1979
801:1st
793:115
766:1973
754:+/–
702:2021
673:2016
644:2009
615:2002
600:Lost
581:1992
519:2022
517:and
515:2017
369:and
275:The
242:.pct
2030:PRK
1750:(1)
1744:(1)
1731:(1)
1725:(1)
1719:(1)
1713:(2)
1707:(3)
1701:(3)
1695:(4)
1689:(8)
1272:MAR
1259:16
1230:UFD
1221:PRL
1209:MAR
1159:UFD
1150:MAR
1129:42
1096:MAR
1087:MSD
1038:FDU
1025:38
914:20
837:38
244:.cg
240:www
185:Red
162:to
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2016:DK
1740:fr
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1958:*
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1094:–
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1081:–
724:Y
695:Y
666:Y
637:Y
608:N
574:%
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279:(
86:)
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