2219:
3550:
1467:
2823:
1603:
102:
5225:
2961:
4423:
3246:
4614:
2203:
4396:
168:
88:
178:
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3902:
4899:, and sorcery and vary widely among ethnic groups. The syncretic sects often merge elements of Christianity with traditional beliefs and rituals and are not recognized by mainstream churches as part of Christianity. New variants of ancient beliefs have become widespread, led by US-inspired Pentecostal churches which have been in the forefront of witchcraft accusations, particularly against children and the elderly. Children accused of witchcraft are sent away from homes and family, often to live on the street, which can lead to physical violence against these children. There are charities supporting street children such as the
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language of education at all levels. Since 1975, the four national languages have been reintroduced in the first two years of primary education, with French becoming the sole language of education from the third year onward, but in practice many primary schools in urban areas solely use French from the first year of school onward. Portuguese is taught in the
Congolese schools as a foreign language. The lexical similarity and phonology with French makes Portuguese a relatively easy language for the people to learn. Most of the roughly 175,000 Portuguese speakers in the DRC are Angolan and Mozambican expatriates.
5612:
2406:
2377:. The armed groups were after gold, diamonds, oil, and cobalt to line the pockets of rich men both in the region and internationally. There were also ethnic and cultural rivalries at play, as well as religious motives and the political crisis with postponed elections. Egeland says people believe the situation in the DRC is "stably bad" but in fact, it has become much, much worse. "The big wars of the Congo that were really on top of the agenda 15 years ago are back and worsening". Disruption in planting and harvesting caused by the conflict was estimated to escalate starvation in about two million children.
1532:
4222:
4771:
2015:
15400:
2718:
4675:
1769:
1878:. Lumumba was dismissed from office on 5 September 1960 by Kasa-Vubu who publicly blamed him for massacres by the armed forces in South Kasai and for involving Soviets in the country. On 7 September, Lumumba made a speech to the Congolese House of Representatives, arguing his dismissal was illegal under the nation's laws. Congolese law gave parliament, not the president, the authority to dismiss a government minister. The House and Senate both rejected the dismissal of Lumumba, but the removal proceeded unconstitutionally.
2601:
2000:
of the office to maintain control. Joseph Kasa-Vubu's death in April 1969 ensured that no person with First
Republic credentials could challenge his rule. By the early 1970s, Mobutu was attempting to assert Zaire as a leading African nation. He traveled frequently across the continent while the government became more vocal about African issues, particularly those relating to the southern region. Zaire established semi-clientelist relationships with several smaller African states, especially Burundi, Chad, and Togo.
3448:
2089:
5006:
2350:
which would likely take several years and therefore keep him in power past the planned 2016 elections, which he is constitutionally barred from participating in). This bill passed; however, it was gutted of the provision that would keep Kabila in power until a census took place. A census is supposed to take place, but it is no longer tied to when the elections take place. In 2015, elections were scheduled for late 2016 and a tenuous peace held in the Congo. On 27 November 2016 Congolese foreign minister
4433:
4054:
1626:
3950:
5129:
mountains in the far east. Since the late 19th century, traditional ways of life have undergone changes brought about by colonialism, the struggle for independence, the stagnation of the Mobutu era, and most recently, the First and Second Congo Wars. Despite these pressures, the customs and cultures of the Congo have retained much of their individuality. The country's 81 million inhabitants (2016) are mainly rural. The 30% who live in urban areas have been the most open to
5338:
4386:
726:
4811:. The impact of the Catholic Church is difficult to overestimate. Schatzberg has called it the country's "only truly national institution apart from the state." Its schools have educated over 60% of the nation's primary school students and more than 40% of its secondary students. The church owns and manages an extensive network of hospitals, schools, and clinics, as well as many diocesan economic enterprises, including farms, ranches, stores, and artisans' shops.
3095:). It is the only country in the world in which bonobos are found in the wild. Much concern has been raised about great ape extinction. Because of hunting and habitat destruction, the numbers of chimpanzee, bonobo and gorilla (each of whose populations once numbered in the millions) have now dwindled down to only about 200,000 gorillas, 100,000 chimpanzees and possibly only about 10,000 bonobos. The gorillas, chimpanzee, bonobo, and okapi are all classified as
601:
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16508:
15615:
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4757:
3704:
15627:
1746:
4853:
2176:
5117:
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2245:(CNDP), which began an armed rebellion against the government. In March 2009, after a deal between the DRC and Rwanda, Rwandan troops entered the DRC and arrested Nkunda and were allowed to pursue FDLR militants. The CNDP signed a peace treaty with the government in which it agreed to become a political party and to have its soldiers integrated into the national army in exchange for the release of its imprisoned members. In 2012
14343:
4938:
3137:
2764:
14436:
751:
707:
692:
663:
648:
1958:
10770:"Article 3, Paragraphe 7: De la mutilation sexuelle; Article 174g; Sera puni d'une peine de servitude pénale de deux à cinq ans et d'une amende de deux cent mille francs congolais constants, quiconque aura posé un acte qui porte atteinte à l'intégrité physique ou fonctionnelle des organes génitaux d'une personne. Lorsque la mutilation a entraîné la mort, la peine est de servitude pénale à perpétuité."
4074:
2172:. These were the first free national elections since 1960, which many believed would mark the end to violence in the region. However, an election-result dispute between Kabila and Bemba turned into a skirmish between their supporters in Kinshasa. MONUC took control of the city. A new election took place in October 2006, which Kabila won, and in December 2006 he was sworn in as president.
4626: – constitute an important subset of the population. Additionally, the country's large mine operations attract migrant workers from Africa and beyond. There is also considerable migration for commercial activities from other African countries and the rest of the world, but these movements are not well studied. Transit migration towards South Africa and Europe also plays a role.
1391:
2977:
1588:, confirmed the accusations of humanitarian abuses. The Belgian Parliament forced Leopold II to set up an independent commission of inquiry. Its findings confirmed Casement's report of abuses, concluding that the population of the Congo had been "reduced by half" during this period. Determining precisely how many people died is impossible, as no accurate records exist.
4093:
than 2,500 km (1,600 mi) (e.g. Matadi to
Lubumbashi, 2,700 km (1,700 mi) by road). The figure of 2,250 km (1,400 mi) converts to 35 km (22 mi) of paved road per one million of population. Comparative figures for Zambia and Botswana are 721 km (448 mi) and 3,427 km (2,129 mi), respectively. Three routes in the
1885:, with the backing of the US and Belgium, removed Lumumba from office. On 17 January 1961, Lumumba was handed over to Katangan authorities and executed by Belgian-led Katangan troops. A 2001 investigation by Belgium's Parliament found Belgium "morally responsible" for the murder of Lumumba, and the country has since officially apologised for its role in his death.
2325:
individuals who have died are children under five years of age. There have been frequent reports of weapon bearers killing civilians, of the destruction of property, of widespread sexual violence, causing hundreds of thousands of people to flee their homes, and of other breaches of humanitarian and human rights law. One study found that more than
5372:, and France. By the 1980s, numerous Congolese musicians were based in Europe, facilitating the global dissemination of their musical prowess. Congolese lead guitarists became a sought-after commodity, attracting bands worldwide eager to infuse a Congolese flavor into their compositions or learn the intricate art of Congolese guitar dexterity.
2381:
deemed to be a threat to the president," they said. Fierce fighting has erupted in Masisi between government forces and a powerful local warlord, General Delta. The United
Nations mission in the DRC is its largest and most expensive peacekeeping effort, but it shut down five UN bases near Masisi in 2017, after the U.S. led a push to cut costs.
4070:
goods by boat and ferry than any other country in Africa, but air transport remains the only effective means of moving goods and people between many places within the country, especially in rural areas. Chronic economic mismanagement, political corruption and internal conflicts have led to long-term under-investment of infrastructure.
4181:. The country also possesses 50% of Africa's forests and a river system that could provide hydro-electric power to the entire continent, according to a UN report on the country's strategic significance and its potential role as an economic power in central Africa. The generation and distribution of electricity are controlled by
1642:, remained in office in the Belgian Congo and the majority of Leopold II's administration with him. Opening up the Congo and its natural and mineral riches to the Belgian economy remained the main motive for colonial expansion – however, other priorities, such as healthcare and basic education, slowly gained in importance.
2007:" or "Zairian sickness", meaning gross corruption, theft and mismanagement, was coined, reportedly by Mobutu. International aid, most often in the form of loans, enriched Mobutu while he allowed national infrastructure such as roads to deteriorate to as little as one-quarter of what had existed in 1960. Zaire became a
3795:(FGM) is also practiced in DRC, although not on a large scale. The prevalence of FGM is estimated at 5% of women. FGM is illegal: the law imposes a penalty of two to five years of prison and a fine of 200,000 Congolese francs on any person who violates the "physical or functional integrity" of the genital organs.
3577:
from rampant corruption and inefficiency. The agreements signed at the end of the Second Congo War called for a new "national, restructured and integrated" army that would be made up of Kabila's government forces (the FAC), the RCD, and the MLC. Also stipulated was that rebels like the RCD-N, RCD-ML, and the
4741:
Under
Belgian rule, the Belgians instituted teaching and use of the four national languages in primary schools, making it one of the few African nations to have had literacy in local languages during the European colonial period. This trend was reversed after independence, when French became the sole
4092:
The DRC has fewer all-weather paved highways than any country of its population and size in Africa — a total of 2,250 km (1,400 mi), of which only 1,226 km (762 mi) is in good condition. To put this in perspective, the road distance across the country in any direction is more
3859:, which serves as the primary form of currency in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In 2007, The World Bank decided to grant the Democratic Republic of Congo up to $ 1.3 billion in assistance funds over the following three years. The Congolese government started negotiating membership in the
3576:
The FARDC was established in 2003 after the end of the Second Congo War and integrated many former rebel groups into its ranks. Due to the presence of undisciplined and poorly trained ex-rebels, as well as a lack of funding and having spent years fighting against different militias, the FARDC suffers
3147:
After a four-year interlude between two constitutions, with new political institutions established at the various levels of government, as well as new administrative divisions for the provinces throughout the country, a new constitution came into effect in 2006 and politics in the
Democratic Republic
4621:
Given the often unstable situation in the country and the condition of state structures, it is extremely difficult to obtain reliable migration data. However, evidence suggests that DRC continues to be a destination country for immigrants, in spite of recent declines in their numbers. Immigration is
4008:
In April 2013, anti-corruption NGOs revealed that
Congolese tax authorities had failed to account for $ 88 million from the mining sector, despite booming production and positive industrial performance. The missing funds date from 2010 and tax bodies should have paid them into the central bank.
3933:
At independence in 1960, DRC was the second-most-industrialized country in Africa after South Africa; it boasted a thriving mining sector and a relatively productive agriculture sector. Foreign businesses have curtailed operations because of uncertainty about the outcome of long-term conflicts, lack
3874:
Despite such vast mineral wealth, the economy of the
Democratic Republic of the Congo has declined drastically since the mid-1980s. The DRC generated up to 70% of its export revenue from minerals in the 1970s and 1980s and was particularly hit when resource prices deteriorated at that time. By 2005,
2440:
as the winner of the presidential vote, and he was officially sworn in as president on 24 January. However, there were widespread suspicions that the results were rigged and that a deal had been made between
Tshisekedi and Kabila. The Catholic Church said that the official results did not correspond
2066:
ally. Opponents within Zaire stepped up demands for reform. This atmosphere contributed to Mobutu's declaring the Third
Republic in 1990, whose constitution was supposed to pave the way for democratic reform. The reforms turned out to be largely cosmetic. Mobutu continued in power until armed forces
1085:
but has suffered from political instability, a lack of infrastructure, corruption, and centuries of both commercial and colonial extraction and exploitation, followed by more than 60 years of independence, with little widespread development. Besides the capital Kinshasa, the two next largest cities,
4640:
Figures for Congolese nationals abroad vary greatly depending on the source, from three to six million. This discrepancy is due to a lack of official, reliable data. Emigrants from the DRC are above all long-term emigrants, the majority of whom live in Africa and to a lesser extent in Europe; 79.7%
4069:
Ground transport in the Democratic Republic of Congo has always been difficult. The terrain and climate of the Congo Basin present serious barriers to road and rail construction, and the distances are enormous across this vast country. The DRC has more navigable rivers and moves more passengers and
3803:
on Violence against Women who toured eastern Congo in July 2007, violence against women in North and South Kivu included "unimaginable brutality". Ertürk added that "Armed groups attack local communities, loot, rape, kidnap women and children, and make them work as sexual slaves". In December 2008,
2349:
broke out across the country and protesters demanded that Kabila step down as president. The protests began after the passage of a law by the Congolese lower house that, if also passed by the Congolese upper house, would keep Kabila in power at least until a national census was conducted (a process
2329:
in the Democratic Republic of Congo every year. In 2018 and 2019, Congo reported the highest levels of sexual violence in the world. According to the Human Rights Watch and the New York University-based Congo Research Group, armed troops in DRC's eastern Kivu region have killed over 1,900 civilians
1999:
By late 1967 Mobutu had successfully neutralized his political opponents and rivals, either through co-opting them into his regime, arresting them, or rendering them otherwise politically impotent. Throughout the late 1960s, Mobutu continued to shuffle his governments and cycle officials in and out
1873:
against the new leadership. Most of the 100,000 Europeans who had remained behind after independence fled the country. After the United Nations rejected Lumumba's call for help to put down the secessionist movements, Lumumba asked for assistance from the Soviet Union, who accepted and sent military
3652:
A relative of Mobutu explained how the government illicitly collected revenue during his rule: "Mobutu would ask one of us to go to the bank and take out a million. We'd go to an intermediary and tell him to get five million. He would go to the bank with Mobutu's authority and take out ten. Mobutu
3471:
employ new, integrated and responsive strategies for identifying and ensuring, on a continual basis, an adequate supply of strategic and critical materials required for their security needs. Highlighting the DR Congo's importance to United States national security, the effort to establish an elite
1432:
techniques. The people living in the south and southwest were foraging groups, whose technology involved only minimal use of metal technologies. The development of metal tools during this time period revolutionized agriculture. This led to the displacement of the hunter-gatherer groups in the east
4976:
in the late 1990s—early 2000s, over 5.2 million children in the country did not receive any education. Since the end of the civil war, the situation has improved tremendously, with the number of children enrolled in primary schools rising from 5.5 million in 2002 to 16.8 million in
4004:
Metallurgical Plant, which has a capacity of 175,000 tonnes of copper and 8,000 tonnes of cobalt per year, making it the largest cobalt refinery in the world. After a major rehabilitation program, the company resumed copper production operations in December 2007 and cobalt production in May 2008.
5152:
writes literature for the between generations of those who grew up in the Congo, during the time when they were colonised, fighting for independence and after. Yamusangie in an interview said he felt the distance in literature and wanted to remedy that he wrote the novel, Full Circle, which is a
5128:
The culture of the Democratic Republic of the Congo reflects the diversity of its numerous ethnic groups and their differing ways of life throughout the country—from the mouth of the River Congo on the coast, upriver through the rainforest and savanna in its centre, to the more densely populated
2449:
The political allies of Kabila maintained control of key ministries, the legislature, judiciary and security services. However, Tshisekedi succeeded in strengthening his hold on power. In a series of moves, he won over more legislators, gaining the support of almost 400 out of 500 members of the
2380:
Human Rights Watch said in 2017 that Kabila recruited former 23 March Movement fighters to put down country-wide protests over his refusal to step down from office at the end of his term. "M23 fighters patrolled the streets of Congo's main cities, firing on or arresting protesters or anyone else
3788:
in 2006 expressed concern that in the post-war transition period, the promotion of women's human rights and gender equality is not seen as a priority. Mass rapes, sexual violence and sexual slavery are used as a weapon of war by the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and armed
4867:
to live in the country came from Uganda in 1953. Four years later the first local administrative council was elected. In 1970 the National Spiritual Assembly (national administrative council) was first elected. Though the religion was banned in the 1970s and 1980s, due to misrepresentations of
3822:
published reported rape and sexual violence being used routinely by state officials in Congolese prisons as punishment for politically active women. The women included in the report were abused in several locations across the country including the capital Kinshasa and other areas away from the
2922:
running out at 64 km/h (40 mph) and 46 m (50 yd) wide. One of the three streams flowed directly through Goma, killing 45 people and leaving 120,000 homeless. Over 400,000 people were evacuated from the city during the eruption. The lava flowed into and poisoned the water of
2324:
reported that people in the Congo continued to die at a rate of an estimated 45,000 per month – estimates of the number who have died from the long conflict range from 900,000 to 5,400,000. The death toll is caused by widespread disease and famine; reports indicate that almost half of the
3186:
The government – not the President – is responsible to the Parliament. The new constitution also granted new powers to the provincial governments, creating provincial parliaments which have oversight of the Governor and the head of the provincial government, whom they elect. The new
1622:, assisted by a Colonial Council (Conseil Colonial) (both located in Brussels). The Belgian parliament exercised legislative authority over the Belgian Congo. In 1923 the colonial capital moved from Boma to Léopoldville, some 300 kilometres (190 mi) further upstream into the interior.
3981:
and is not reflected in GDP data. A third of the DRC's diamonds are believed to be smuggled out of the country, making it difficult to quantify diamond production levels. In 2002, tin was discovered in the east of the country but to date has only been mined on a small scale. Smuggling of
3182:
The 2006 constitution, also known as the Constitution of the Third Republic, came into effect in February 2006. It had concurrent authority, however, with the transitional constitution until the inauguration of the elected officials who emerged from the July 2006 elections. Under the new
2369:, the situation in the DRC became much worse in 2016 and 2017 and is a major moral and humanitarian challenge comparable to the wars in Syria and Yemen, which receive much more attention. Women and children are abused sexually and "abused in all possible manners". Besides the conflict in
3929:
and are highly mechanized, with a capacity of several million tons per year of copper and cobalt ore, and refining capability for metal ore. The DRC is the second-largest diamond-producing nation in the world, and artisanal and small-scale miners account for most of its production.
2927:
killing its plants, animals and fish. Only two planes left the local airport because of the possibility of the explosion of stored petrol. The lava flowed through and past the airport, destroying a runway and trapping several parked airplanes. Six months after the event, nearby
2260:, M23 briefly captured the provincial capital of Goma in November 2012. Neighboring countries, particularly Rwanda, have been accused of arming rebels groups and using them as proxies to gain control of the resource-rich country, an accusation they deny. In March 2013, the
3945:
missions met with the government to help it develop a coherent economic plan, and President Kabila began implementing reforms. Much economic activity still lies outside the GDP data. Through 2011 the DRC had the lowest Human Development Index of the 187 ranked countries.
3691:
guilty of corruption. He was sentenced to 20 years' hard labour, after facing charges of embezzling almost $ 50m (£39m) of public funds. He was the most high-profile figure to be convicted of corruption in the DRC. However, Kamerhe was released already in December 2021.
5823:
2392:. Nearly 900 Banunu people from four villages were slaughtered by members of the Batende community in a deep-rooted rivalry over monthly tribal duties, land, fields and water resources. Some 100 Banunus fled to Moniende island in the Congo River, and another 16,000 to
150:
3507:
It is thought that due to the importance of cobalt for batteries for electric vehicles and stabilization of electric grids with large proportions of intermittent renewables in the electricity mix, the DRC could become an object of increased geopolitical competition.
2593:
2507:, Tshisekedi had a clear lead in his run for a second term. On 31 December 2023, officials said that President Felix Tshisekedi had been re-elected with 73% of the vote. Nine opposition candidates signed a declaration rejecting the election and called for a rerun.
1547:
In the Free State, colonists coerced the local population into producing rubber, for which the spread of automobiles and development of rubber tires created a growing international market. Rubber sales made a fortune for Leopold, who built several buildings in
10816:
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has expressed concern over abuses against civilians, especially women and children, in South Kivu in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. It frequently receives reports of abductions, executions, rapes, and
4013:
suspended the country's candidacy for membership due to insufficient reporting, monitoring and independent audits, but in July 2013 the country improved its accounting and transparency practices to the point where the EITI gave the country full membership.
3585:(Superior Defence Council) which would declare states of siege or war and give advice on security sector reform, disarmament/demobilisation, and national defence policy. The FARDC is organised on the basis of brigades, which are dispersed throughout the
2685:
As a result of its equatorial location, the DRC experiences high precipitation and has the highest frequency of thunderstorms in the world. The annual rainfall can total upwards of 2,000 millimetres (80 in) in some places, and the area sustains the
3503:
for petroleum and chemical processing; drying agents for paints and inks; ground coats for porcelain enamels; decolorant for ceramics and glass; and pigments for ceramics, paints, and plastics. The country possesses 80% of the world's cobalt reserves.
3934:
of infrastructure, and the difficult operating environment. The wars intensified the impact of such basic problems as an uncertain legal framework, corruption, inflation, and lack of openness in government economic policy and financial operations.
3178:
and four vice presidents. The President was also the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. The transitional constitution also established a relatively independent judiciary, headed by a Supreme Court with constitutional interpretation powers.
155:
1437:
was complete by the 10th century, followed by the establishment of the Bantu kingdoms, whose rising populations soon made possible intricate local, regional, and foreign commercial networks that traded mostly in slaves, salt, iron, and copper.
153:
154:
152:
4829:
Kimbanguism was seen as a threat to the colonial regime and was banned by the Belgians. Kimbanguism, officially "the church of Christ on Earth by the prophet Simon Kimbangu", has about three million members, primarily among the Bakongo of
3798:
In July 2007, the International Committee of the Red Cross expressed concern about the situation in eastern DRC. A phenomenon of "pendulum displacement" has developed, where people hasten at night to safety. According to Yakin Ertürk, the
2067:
forced him to flee in 1997. "From 1990 to 1993, the United States facilitated Mobutu's attempts to hijack political change", one academic wrote, and "also assisted the rebellion of Laurent-Desire Kabila that overthrew the Mobutu regime."
9853:
7342:
11581:
12854:
4633:, the number of immigrants in the DRC has fallen from just over one million in 1960, to 754,000 in 1990, to 480,000 in 2005, to an estimated 445,000 in 2010. Official figures are unavailable, partly due to the predominance of the
3183:
constitution, the legislature remained bicameral; the executive was concomitantly undertaken by a President and the government, led by a Prime Minister, appointed from the party able to secure a majority in the National Assembly.
2149:. The two rebel movements, along with Rwandan and Ugandan troops, started the Second Congo War by attacking the DRC army in 1998. Angolan, Zimbabwean, and Namibian militaries entered the hostilities on the side of the government.
2396:
in Republic of Congo. Military-style tactics were employed in the bloodbath, and some assailants were clothed in army uniforms. Local authorities and elements within the security forces were suspected of lending them support.
2445:
as well as the ongoing military conflict. This was criticized as these regions are known as opposition strongholds. In August 2019, six months after the inauguration of Félix Tshisekedi, a coalition government was announced.
4729:). Although some limited number of people speak these as first languages, most of the population speak them as a second language, after the native language of their own ethnic group. Lingala was the official language of the
3789:
groups in the eastern part of the country. The eastern part of the country in particular has been described as the "rape capital of the world" and the prevalence of sexual violence there described as the worst in the world.
9674:
3660:
Mobutu allegedly amassed between US$ 50 million and $ 125 million during his rule. He was not the first corrupt Congolese leader by any means: "Government as a system of organized theft goes back to King Leopold II," noted
2735:
occupies nearly the entire country and an area of nearly 1,000,000 km (390,000 sq mi). The river and its tributaries form the backbone of Congolese economics and transportation. Major tributaries include the
4699:
report, 49 million Congolese people (51% of the population) could read and write in French. A 2021 survey found that 74% of the population could speak French, making it the most widely spoken language in the country.
1834:
The Belgian Congo achieved independence on 30 June 1960 under the name "République du Congo" ("Republic of Congo" or "Republic of the Congo" in English). Shortly after, on 15 August 1960, the neighboring French colony of
4733:
under Belgian colonial rule and remains to this day the predominant language of the armed forces. Since the recent rebellions, a good part of the army in the east also uses Swahili, where it competes to be the regional
1094:, are both mining communities. The DRC's largest export is raw minerals, with China accepting over 50% of its exports in 2019. In 2021, DR Congo's level of human development was ranked 179th out of 191 countries by the
3866:
The DRC is widely considered one of the world's richest countries in natural resources; its untapped deposits of raw minerals are estimated to be worth in excess of US$ 24 trillion. The DRC has 70% of the world's
4329:
In 2021, the UN estimated the country's population to be 96 million, a rapid increase from 39.1 million in 1992 despite the ongoing war. As many as 250 ethnic groups have been identified and named. About 600,000
11584:[Technical Study preparing lobby-work on energy-resources and conflict prevention – Hydroelectric power dams at Inga: Great potential for the development of the Democratic Republic of Congo and Africa]
3740:
3734:
5330:, have set the tone for a generation of young men always dressed up in exorbitant designer clothes. They came to be known as the fourth generation of Congolese music and mostly come from the former prominent band
4984:
Actual school attendance has also improved greatly in recent years, with primary school net attendance estimated to be 82.4% in 2014 (82.4% of children ages 6–11 attended school; 83.4% for boys, 80.6% for girls).
2026:
In a campaign to identify himself with African nationalism, starting on 1 June 1966, Mobutu renamed the nation's cities: Léopoldville became Kinshasa (the country was known as Congo-Kinshasa), Stanleyville became
10185:
149:
8637:"'The wars will never stop' – millions flee bloodshed as Congo falls apart: Starving and sick, people living in the Democratic Republic of Congo are caught in a bloody cycle of violence and political turmoil"
1942:
the year before Mobutu's coup of 1965 resulted in the country's official name being changed to the "Democratic Republic of the Congo". In 1971 Mobutu changed the name again, this time to "Republic of Zaire".
17106:
10038:
4185:, but only 15% of the country has access to electricity. The DRC is a member of three electrical power pools. These are Southern African Power Pool, East African Power Pool, and Central African Power Pool.
2218:
1309:
In 1992, the Sovereign National Conference voted to change the name of the country to the "Democratic Republic of the Congo", but the change was not made. The country's name was later restored by President
1114:, around 600,000 Congolese refugees were still living in neighbouring countries. Two million children risk starvation, and the fighting has displaced 4.5 million people. The country is a member of the
9284:
7485:
17224:
13236:
1649:). Indigenous courts had only limited powers and remained under the firm control of the colonial administration. The Belgian authorities permitted no political activity in the Congo whatsoever, and the
17259:
10513:
9812:
4788:
Program in 2013–2014 indicated that Christians constituted 93.7% of the population (with Catholics making up 29.7%, Protestants 26.8%, and other Christians 37.2%). A new Christian religious movement,
3823:
conflict zones. In 2015, figures both inside and outside of the country, such as Filimbi and Emmanuel Weyi, spoke out about the need to curb violence and instability as the 2016 elections approached.
2119:) fled to eastern Zaire and used refugee camps as bases for incursions against Rwanda. They allied with the Zairian Armed Forces to launch a campaign against Congolese ethnic Tutsis in eastern Zaire.
14765:
3785:
151:
12004:
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9011:
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3549:
2682:, with one-third to the north and two-thirds to the south. With an area of 2,345,408 square kilometres (905,567 sq mi), it is the second-largest country in Africa by area, after Algeria.
14079:, Paper to be presented at the Workshop "Colonial Extraction in the Netherlands Indies and Belgian Congo: Institutions, Institutional Change and Long Term Consequences", Utrecht 3–4 December 2010.
5052:
The incidence of yellow fever-related fatalities in DRC is relatively low. According to the World Health Organization's (WHO) report in 2021, only two individuals died due to yellow fever in DRC.
4188:
Because of abundant sunlight, the potential for solar development is very high in the DRC. There are already about 836 solar power systems in the DRC, with a total power of 83 MW, located in
3187:
constitution also saw the disappearance of the Supreme Court, which was divided into three new institutions. The constitutional interpretation prerogative of the Supreme Court is now held by the
1927:
rose up, taking a significant amount of territory and proclaiming a communist "People's Republic of the Congo" in Stanleyville. The Simbas were pushed out of Stanleyville in November 1964 during
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5857:
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9246:
9153:
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and Tshisekedi resulted in new agreements increasing international trade and security (counterterrorism, immigration, cyber security, and customs) between the two countries. In February 2022,
10706:
10008:
4637:
in the DRC. Data are also lacking on irregular immigrants, however given neighbouring countries' ethnic links to DRC nationals, irregular migration is assumed to be a significant phenomenon.
2458:
893:
4641:
and 15.3% respectively, according to estimated 2000 data. New destination countries include South Africa and various points en route to Europe. The DRC has produced a considerable number of
1939:
11589:
13055:
12864:
10733:
5724:
14645:
14535:
10385:
2481:
2354:
told the press no elections would be held in 2016: "it has been decided that the voter registration operation will end on July 31, 2017, and that election will take place in April 2018."
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11960:
11784:
10064:
9653:
9535:
8443:
2497:
2122:
A coalition of Rwandan and Ugandan armies invaded Zaire to overthrow the government of Mobutu, launching the First Congo War. The coalition allied with some opposition figures, led by
1466:
13752:
1638:
The transition from the Congo Free State to the Belgian Congo was a break, but it also featured a large degree of continuity. The last governor-general of the Congo Free State, Baron
1618:) and took over the Free State from King Leopold II. On 18 October 1908, the Belgian parliament voted in favour of annexing the Congo as a Belgian colony. Executive power went to the
3512:
14789:
14499:
7981:
4792:, had the adherence of 2.8%, while Muslims made up 1%. Other recent estimates have found Christianity the majority religion, followed by 95.8% of the population according to a 2010
3515:
in the DRC and Congolese exports to China have grown rapidly. In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including DRC, have signed a joint letter to the UNHRC defending China's
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8840:
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8704:
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90% of the DRC's revenues derived from its minerals. Congolese citizens are among the poorest people on Earth. In 2023, 60% of Congolese subsisted on less than $ 2.15 a day, and
2837:
The Albertine Rift plays a key role in shaping the Congo's geography. Not only is the northeastern section of the country much more mountainous, but tectonic movement results in
14811:
14599:
13612:
3730:
2165:
1504:
Leopold had designs on what was to become the Congo as a colony. In a succession of negotiations, Leopold, professing humanitarian objectives in his capacity as chairman of the
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11080:
9214:
8874:
1565:
During 1885–1908, millions of Congolese died as a consequence of exploitation and disease. In some areas the population declined dramatically – it has been estimated that
15034:
14074:
12886:
12610:
11736:
10355:
8349:
7931:
1977:
10491:
9724:
8588:
8533:
1931:, a military operation conducted by Belgian and American forces to rescue hundreds of hostages. Congolese government forces fully defeated the Simba rebels by November 1965.
11527:
6202:
5887:
16032:
15103:
14525:
8418:
5379:
emerged as a fast-paced, hip-swaying dance music, drawing inspiration from Congolese rumba and soukous. This genre gained widespread popularity in Africa, Europe, and the
5094:
levels in the Democratic Republic of the Congo are very unhealthy. In 2020, annual average air pollution in the DRC stood at 34.2 μg/m, which is almost 6.8 times the
3860:
3188:
2949:
2474:
12673:
12565:
10942:
9946:
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Immigration to the DRC has decreased steadily over the past two decades, most likely as a result of the armed violence that the country has experienced. According to the
11985:
9694:
9105:
7422:
5794:
2164:. Talks led to a peace accord under which Kabila would share power with former rebels. By June 2003 all foreign armies except those of Rwanda had pulled out of Congo. A
101:
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14799:
14680:
14655:
12206:
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6007:
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4261:
linguistic groups. Because of this diversity, there is no dominant ethnic group in the Congo, however the following ethnic groups account for 51.5% of the population:
2955:
10182:
14935:
14849:
14726:
14670:
13713:
13573:
10803:
5942:
5014:
3532:
3442:
3164:
2470:
2127:
832:
10295:
9887:
7789:
14893:
11791:
11762:
11619:
10030:
9914:
6561:
5436:
4192:(167), Katanga (159), Nord-Kivu (170), the two Kasaï provinces (170), and Bas-Congo (170). Also, the 148 Caritas network system has a total power of 6.31 MW.
4172:
2130:. In 1997 Mobutu fled and Kabila marched into Kinshasa, naming himself as president and reverting the name of the country to the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
1980:. He periodically held elections in which he was the only candidate. Although relative peace and stability were achieved, Mobutu's government was guilty of severe
10646:
7279:
3695:
In November 2021, a judicial investigation targeting Kabila and his associates was opened in Kinshasa after revelations of alleged embezzlement of $ 138 million.
17155:
15008:
14864:
14755:
12938:
9268:
7477:
6677:
5635:
5589:
5254:". Imported records by Sexteto Habanero and Trio Matamoros, often mislabeled as "rumba", played a significant role. Artists such as Antoine Kasongo, Paul Kamba,
4856:
4653:, there were more than 460,000 refugees from the DRC; in 2008, Congolese refugees numbered 367,995 in total, 68% of whom were living in other African countries.
4233:
estimated the population to be over 115 million as of 2024. Between 1950 and 2000, the country's population nearly quadrupled from 12.2 million to 46.9 million.
4021:
defined the DRC as economically "the Saudi Arabia of the electric vehicle age," because of its cobalt resources, cobalt being essential in the production of the
3896:
3722:
2326:
13926:
13643:
12236:
11706:
10205:
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5768:
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into the Atlantic Ocean. The river and a 37-kilometre-wide (23 mi) strip of coastline on its north bank provide the country's only outlet to the Atlantic.
1031:
16351:
15970:
14806:
14665:
14640:
13230:
8613:
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have been used on a large scale in DRC, and in 2011 it was estimated that 30,000 children were still operating with armed groups. Instances of child labor and
3726:
2504:
2433:
2169:
1804:
1776:
1063:
366:
13434:
11236:
7455:
6594:
1211:). According to American writer Samuel Henry Nelson: "It is probable that the word 'Kongo' itself implies a public gathering and that it is based on the root
16037:
14731:
14716:
14650:
14492:
10517:
8003:
7844:
4177:
Both coal and crude oil resources were mainly used domestically up to 2008. The DRC has the infrastructure for hydro-electricity from the Congo River at the
4030:
3761:
3115:
827:
11821:
11107:
10917:
10530:
Ministère du Plan et Suivi de la Mise en œuvre de la Révolution de la Modernité (MPSMRM), Ministère de la Santé Publique (MSP) et ICF International (2014).
15833:
15658:
14945:
14920:
14782:
14760:
14743:
14711:
14706:
11489:
8399:
4201:
4086:
3716:
3544:
2945:
1935:
1900:, along with all 15 passengers, setting off a succession crisis. Amidst widespread confusion and chaos, a temporary government was led by technicians (the
1055:
541:
416:
325:
287:
12744:
12001:
11650:
10777:
10255:
9003:
8636:
7022:
4965:. Primary education is not free nor compulsory, even though the Congolese constitution says it should be (Article 43 of the 2005 Congolese Constitution).
4150:. All air carriers certified by the DRC have been banned from European Union airports by the European Commission, because of inadequate safety standards.
2811:
are on opposite sides of the river at the Pool. Then the river narrows and falls through a number of cataracts in deep canyons, collectively known as the
1402:
The geographical area now known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo was populated as early as 90,000 years ago, as shown by the 1988 discovery of the
17254:
14839:
14748:
12803:
10833:
5597:
5531:
5521:
4923:. Though recently outlawed, children have been subjected in these exorcisms to often-violent abuse at the hands of self-proclaimed prophets and priests.
3773:
3562:
3231:
3215:
3174:
had, among other things, the charge of drafting the new constitution of the country. The executive branch was vested in a 60-member cabinet, headed by a
14245:
From Genocide to Continental War: The Congolese Conflict and the Crisis of Contemporary Africa: The Congo Conflict and the Crisis of Contemporary Africa
6233:
5695:
The figures are obtained by dividing the population figures in the Knowledge country articles by the paved roads figure in the 'Transport in ' articles.
4919:(children accused of witchcraft). Non-denominational church organizations have been formed to capitalize on this belief by charging exorbitant fees for
4841:
pushed into the interior for ivory- and slave-trading purposes. Today, Muslims constitute approximately 1% of the Congolese population according to the
17219:
16331:
16254:
16172:
16088:
16083:
14998:
14910:
14905:
14772:
14738:
10583:
10443:
8981:
6636:
5853:
5569:
are others who gained significant international attention in basketball. Several Congolese players and players of Congolese descent—including strikers
5460:
5428:
4211:
4082:
3654:
3647:
3475:
There are economic and strategic incentives (for external countries) to bring more "security" to the Congo, which is rich in natural resources such as
2515:
1993:
386:
12966:
11887:
11414:
11357:
11002:
9332:
9145:
983:
formally acquired rights to the Congo territory from the colonial nations of Europe in 1885 and declared the land his private property, naming it the
16290:
16239:
14955:
14940:
14925:
14879:
14794:
14721:
14628:
14439:
13199:
12649:"UIS.Stat (see: National Monitoring >> Number of students and enrolment rates by level of education >> Enrollment by level of education)"
11262:
9236:
8673:
7163:
6951:
6841:
4932:
4669:
4372:
4042:
3586:
3566:
3227:
3211:
3175:
2609:
2557:
1812:
1758:
351:
13278:
12294:
10695:
10000:
7734:
15965:
14993:
14950:
14694:
14675:
14485:
12774:
12536:
11436:
9064:
7313:
6897:
5527:
5517:
5153:
story of a boy named Emanuel who in the beginning of the book feels a difference in culture among the different groups in the Congo and elsewhere.
5141:
5000:
4751:
4120:: this east–west highway crosses Katanga and requires re-construction over most of its length, being an earth track between the Angolan border and
3131:
2941:
2207:
605:
587:
305:
17060:
13840:
12916:
11336:
10890:
8940:
8495:
5976:
3653:
got one, and we took the other nine." Mobutu institutionalized corruption to prevent political rivals from challenging his control, leading to an
16326:
15651:
15027:
14970:
14874:
14827:
14517:
11159:
10730:
6904:
5716:
5625:
5447:
5111:
4207:
3838:
3832:
2613:
2242:
1355:
423:
13047:
10964:
10558:
10377:
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in the country left nearly 5,000 dead in 2019. The Ebola outbreak ended in June 2020, after causing 2,280 deaths over 2 years. Another, smaller
87:
16553:
14978:
14930:
14854:
12128:
12054:
12016:
11582:"Energie hydraulique des barrages d'Inga : Grands potentiels pour le développement de la République Démocratique du Congo et de l'Afrique"
10615:
9543:
7583:
5364:, expanding the spread of Congolese urban music. Notably, the quartet Ry-Co Jazz played a crucial role in globalizing Congolese music, touring
4994:
4696:
4166:
3235:
3160:
3100:
1645:
Colonial administrators ruled the territory and a dual legal system existed (a system of European courts and another one of indigenous courts,
1424:
at some point during the first millennium BC, then gradually started to expand southward. Their propagation was accelerated by the adoption of
1137:
492:
107:
13372:
13308:
11680:
6786:
2822:
16134:
15857:
15094:
15003:
14960:
14915:
14594:
13814:
13331:
11944:
11549:
10060:
9645:
8439:
7133:
5166:
4977:
2018, and the number of children enrolled in secondary schools rising from 2.8 million in 2007 to 4.6 million in 2015 according to
4010:
3880:
3784:(pp. 299) found that 74.8% of women agreed that a husband is justified in beating his wife in certain circumstances. The United Nations
3629:
1938:. Taking advantage of the leadership crisis between Kasavubu and Tshombe, Mobutu garnered enough support within the army to launch a coup. A
556:
299:
17055:
13736:
12627:
12453:
9358:
6072:
1602:
17244:
16177:
15473:
14988:
10231:
9384:
7614:
7368:
5157:, an author from the Katanga province, wrote novels and poems to promote artistic expressions as a way to address and deal with conflicts.
4823:
4182:
3617:
3570:
1143:
762:
202:
93:
14063:
13865:
13403:
12423:
12176:(in French). Ministère du Plan et Suivi de la Mise en œuvre de la Révolution de la Modernité, Ministère de la Santé Publique. p. 36.
11851:
11192:
11135:
which is used in the fabrication of electronic components in computers and mobile phones. The coltan mines are small, and non-mechanized.
7957:
5553:
is one of the best African basketball players to ever play the game. Mutombo is well known for humanitarian projects in his home country.
3673:
case of about $ 6.7 million of deposits of Mobutu's in a Swiss bank, and therefore the assets should be returned to Mobutu's family.
17229:
17101:
16431:
16157:
16078:
16073:
11392:
8848:
8782:
8696:
8473:
8375:
6176:
6105:
2441:
to the information its election monitors had collected. The government had also "delayed" the vote until March in some areas, citing the
1634:
soldiers in the Belgian Congo in 1918. At its peak, the Force Publique had around 19,000 Congolese soldiers, led by 420 Belgian officers.
1615:
17175:
12032:
10102:
9968:
9176:
8823:
7710:
7071:
6924:
6528:
6379:
6326:
5662:
proper. The confusion arises from the fact that the government of the DRC officially recognizes and refers to the language as "Kikongo".
16187:
6878:
6757:
6721:
6489:
5490:
3676:
President Kabila established the Commission of Repression of Economic Crimes upon his ascension to power in 2001. However, in 2016 the
889:
569:
14399:
13596:
10864:
8326:
4422:
17214:
16544:
16111:
15043:
14777:
14092:
Justenhoven, Heinz-Gerhard; Ehrhart, Hans Georg. Intervention im Kongo: eine kritische Analyse der Befriedungspolitik von UN und EU.
11458:
11076:
8870:
7875:
4760:
3171:
2265:
401:
12878:
12722:
11728:
10347:
9481:
9206:
8346:
7927:
12828:
11568:
10483:
9716:
9623:
8585:
8525:
7814:
4630:
4114:: the DR Congo is the main missing link in this east–west highway and requires a new road to be constructed before it can function.
2142:
11519:
8726:
7676:
6198:
2462:
17065:
16374:
16182:
15893:
15409:
15048:
12674:
Ministère du Plan et Suivi de la Mise en oeuvre de la Révolution de la Modernité (MPSMRM); Ministère de la Santé Publique (MSP);
12566:
Ministère du Plan et Suivi de la Mise en oeuvre de la Révolution de la Modernité (MPSMRM); Ministère de la Santé Publique (MSP);
11369:
9777:"The National Assembly adopts the laws regarding the limits of the provinces in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (in French)"
8415:
6937:
Democratic Republic of the Congo (DROC) will become eligible for AGOA trade benefits upon formation of a transitional government.
5879:
5617:
4001:
2421:
1897:
1715:. Belgian Congolese forces under the command of Belgian officers notably fought against the Italian colonial army in Ethiopia in
1668:
turned into open warfare with a joint Anglo-Belgian-Portuguese invasion of German colonial territory in 1916 and 1917 during the
14564:
13507:
13488:. Middletown, Connecticut, United States: Wesleyan University Press for the Society for Ethnomusicology. 2008. pp. 297–309.
12132:
12058:
9513:
8180:
5102:
of an average citizen of the DRC by almost 2.9 years. Currently, the DRC does not have a national ambient air quality standard.
4395:
3949:
1780:
1762:
1740:
1231:
1011:
16321:
16027:
15674:
13783:
13483:
12353:
Schatzberg, Michael G (February 1980) Politics and Class in Zaire: Bureaucracy, Business and Beer in Lisala, Africana Pub. Co.
10934:
9936:
9122:
7790:"Congo-Zaire's 1996–97 civil war in the context of evolving patterns of military conflict in Africa in the era of independence"
7767:
6901:
6775:"Congo-Zaire's 1996-97 civil war in the context of evolving patterns of military conflict in Africa in the era of independence"
3199:
2816:
2238:
1314:
when he overthrew Mobutu in 1997. To distinguish it from the neighboring Republic of the Congo, it is sometimes referred to as
1241:
At the time of independence, the country was named the Republic of the Congo-Léopoldville to distinguish it from its neighbour
1181:
1131:
436:
37:
14173:, Third Edition, New Africa Press, 2006, "Chapter Six: Congo in The Sixties: The Bleeding Heart of Africa", pp. 147–205,
9686:
6620:
5790:
3810:
released a film documenting the testimony of over 400 women and girls who had been abused by marauding militia. In June 2010,
16144:
16126:
15990:
15953:
15459:
14288:
14259:
14190:
14178:
14163:
14105:
14034:
13963:
13894:
13746:
13707:
13606:
13567:
13467:
12399:
12269:
12202:
12177:
12142:
12068:
11982:
11954:
10749:
10166:
10141:
10096:
8558:
8240:
8210:
8154:
8124:
8094:
8064:
7975:
7905:
7558:
7518:
7406:
7242:
6918:
6872:
6522:
6483:
6373:
6320:
6293:
6266:
6170:
4949:
rate for the population between the ages of 15 and 49 was estimated to be 75.9% (88.1% male and 63.8% female) according to a
2868:
has exposed an enormous amount of mineral wealth throughout the south and east of the Congo, making it accessible to mining.
2046:
During the 1970s and 1980s, Mobutu was invited to visit the United States on several occasions, meeting with U.S. Presidents
1905:
13969:
12688:
12580:
10534:
10325:
9425:
8898:
8804:
8760:
8569:
8034:
7524:
7248:
5224:
955:, the territory of the Congo was first inhabited by Central African foragers around 90,000 years ago and was reached by the
16356:
16345:
16106:
11139:
10552:"Concluding comments of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women: Democratic Republic of the Congo"
9539:
8301:
8271:
7448:"Patrice Lumumba: 50 Years Later, Remembering the U.S.-Backed Assassination of Congo's First Democratically Elected Leader"
5883:
2731:
produced the Congo River system which dominates the region topographically along with the rainforest it flows through. The
2293:
1889:
1712:
1509:
13697:
13557:
13126:
12991:
10799:
10465:
9784:
5935:
16441:
16436:
16167:
16162:
15995:
13176:
12630:
2005 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor, Bureau of International Labor Affairs, U.S. Department of Labor (2006).
12369:
11310:
10287:
9879:
9455:
5088:, in 2020 four in ten people in Congo lacked food security and about 15.6 million were facing a potential hunger crisis.
4774:
4139:. Traditionally water transport has been the dominant means of moving around in approximately two-thirds of the country.
3463:
The global growth in demand for scarce raw materials and the industrial surges in China, India, Russia, Brazil and other
1800:
1669:
1000:
11615:
11182:"The Dark Side of Globalization. The Vicious Cycle of Exploitation from World Market Integration: Lesson from the Congo"
10638:
9910:
7271:
6551:
3472:
Congolese unit is the latest push by the U.S. to professionalize armed forces in this "strategically important" region.
2160:, arrived in April 2001. In 2002–03 Bemba intervened in the Central African Republic on behalf of its former president,
1364:, the territory comprising the Democratic Republic of the Congo was home to Central Africa's oldest settled groups, the
17249:
17234:
16000:
14545:
14212:
14201:
13106:
13024:
10419:
6133:
5348:
Political and economic challenges under Mobutu prompted a mass exodus of musicians to Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia,
5080:
United Nations emergency food relief agency warned that amid the escalating conflict and worsening situation following
2960:
1619:
1457:
996:
14060:
The Dark Side of Globalization. The Vicious Cycle of Exploitation from World Market Integration: Lesson from the Congo
13149:
12942:
12608:
12097:
9041:
6977:
Yellen, John E. (1 September 1998). "Barbed Bone Points: Tradition and Continuity in Saharan and Sub-Saharan Africa".
6673:
4153:
Several international airlines service Kinshasa's international airport and a few also offer international flights to
1843:.' To avoid confusion between the two, the former Belgian Congo became known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo (
1614:
In 1908, the Belgian parliament, in spite of initial reluctance, bowed to international pressure (especially from the
15087:
14383:
14142:
14008:
13916:
13635:
12358:
12228:
11702:
10202:
9306:
7215:
7112:
7087:
7042:
6751:
6715:
5918:
5760:
4258:
3800:
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2579:
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when Kabila's term in office ended. Across the country, dozens of protesters were killed and hundreds were arrested.
885:
11873:
10672:
8605:
6029:
3759:
in the DRC in 2013 and six goods produced by the country's mining industry appear on the department's December 2014
3605:
region, and other rebellions since the Second Congo War. Besides the FARDC, the largest peacekeeping mission of the
3245:
1972:; the U.S. believed that his administration would serve as an effective counter to communist movements in Africa. A
1168:, which flows through the country. The Congo River is the world's deepest river and the world's third-largest river
16336:
16269:
16259:
16195:
16055:
15420:
14616:
13426:
11285:"Province orientale: le diamant et l'or quelle part dans la reconstruction socio – économique de la Province?"
11284:
11220:
11054:
8007:
7447:
6584:
4154:
2355:
1901:
13674:
11785:"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100"
11050:
7836:
5999:
4868:
foreign governments, the ban was lifted by the end of the 1980s. In 2012 plans were announced to build a national
3814:
reported a dramatic increase in the number of rapes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and researchers from
16411:
14530:
11813:
10914:
5546:
5046:
4703:
In Kinshasa, 67% of the population in 2014 could read and write French, and 68.5% could speak and understand it.
4622:
very diverse in nature; refugees and asylum-seekers – products of the numerous and violent conflicts in the
3743:
was initiated by Kabila in April 2004. The International Criminal Court prosecutor opened the case in June 2004.
2268:
to neutralize armed groups. On 5 November 2013, M23 declared an end to its insurgency. Additionally, in northern
2261:
2059:
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Entwicklungsträger in der DR Kongo: Entwicklungen in Politik, Wirtschaft, Religion, Zivilgesellschaft und Kultur
11917:
11497:
11103:
10514:"UN expert on violence against women expresses serious concerns following visit to Democratic Republic of Congo"
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was introduced around Kinshasa. In 2012, it was estimated that about 1.1% of adults aged 15–49 were living with
4869:
4617:
Population fleeing their villages due to fighting between FARDC and rebels groups, Sake North Kivu 30 April 2012
4613:
2202:
17116:
17091:
16264:
15982:
15841:
12796:
12748:
12111:
11642:
10252:
9754:
6226:"Violence is roiling the Democratic Republic of Congo. Some say it's a strategy to keep the president in power"
6036:
4950:
4785:
3781:
2908:, iron ore, and coal are all found in plentiful supply, especially in the Congo's southeastern Katanga region.
2561:
2133:
Kabila later requested that foreign military forces return to their own countries. Rwandan troops retreated to
10829:
6225:
4837:
Islam has been present in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since the 18th century, when Arab traders from
16537:
16488:
16316:
16304:
16047:
15959:
14557:
12483:
9359:"Gunfire rings out in Congo's capital as men in military uniform clash with politician's guards | World News"
5535:
5214:
5149:
4815:
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reports this figure to be 95.9%. The proportion of followers of Islam is variously estimated from 1% to 12%.
4101:
4094:
2168:
was set up until after the election. A constitution was approved by voters, and on 30 July 2006 DRC held its
2138:
2043:, its fourth name change in eleven years and its sixth overall. The Congo River was renamed the Zaire River.
2019:
851:
167:
16796:
15324:
12513:
11028:
10590:
10435:
8964:
4709:
Approximately 242 languages are spoken in the country, of which four have the status of national languages:
3937:
Conditions improved in late 2002, when a large portion of the invading foreign troops withdrew. A number of
3041:
2450:
National Assembly. The pro-Kabila speakers of both houses of parliament were forced out. In April 2021, the
17264:
16403:
16366:
16341:
16152:
16005:
15910:
15080:
12963:
11418:
10994:
6674:"5.1 Democratic Republic of Congo Acronyms and Abbreviations | Digital Logistics Capacity Assessments"
5396:
4254:
3884:
3847:
Change in per capita GDP of Congo, 1950–2018. Figures are inflation-adjusted to 2011 International dollars.
3670:
2346:
1792:
1067:
817:
293:
14459:
13207:
12301:
11258:
7155:
6955:
6803:
6457:
Memoir, Descriptive and Explanatory, to Accompany the New Chart of the Ethiopic or Southern Atlantic Ocean
6347:
Nelson, Samuel Henry. Colonialism In The Congo Basin, 1880–1940. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1994
1050:
from 1998 to 2003, which resulted in the deaths of 5.4 million people. The war ended under President
16847:
16379:
16116:
16015:
15886:
14393:
13270:
12652:
11883:
9081:
7723:
6913:. Message from the President of the United States. United States Government Printing Office. p. 87.
6445:
Narrative of an Expedition to Explore the River Zaire, Usually Called the Congo, in South Africa, in 1816
5831:
5654:
The term "Kikongo" in the Constitution is actually referring to the Kituba language – which is known as
5493:(RTNC) is the national broadcaster of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. RTNC currently broadcasts in
5098:
PM2.5 guideline (5 μg/m: set in September 2021). These pollution levels are estimated to reduce the
3938:
3516:
2330:
and kidnapped at least 3,300 people since June 2017 to June 2019. On 10 May 2018, Congolese gynecologist
2297:
1704:
1525:
1169:
13232:
52 ans de musique congolaise : Au Congo-Kinshasa République démocratique du Congo (RDC) – 1960–2012
12770:
11432:
7310:
5412:
16426:
16231:
15938:
14425:
13836:
12908:
11332:
11156:
10886:
9973:
8923:
8503:
7079:
5968:
2123:
1311:
789:
10551:
7234:
Bortaï: journal de campagne: Abyssinie 1941, offensive belgo-congolaise, Faradje, Asosa, Gambela, Saio
4822:, since it covers most of the DRC Protestants. With more than 25 million members, it constitutes
4695:, facilitating communication among the many different ethnic groups of the Congo. According to a 2018
4104:: this route crosses the western extremity of the country on National Road No. 1 between Kinshasa and
3687:
In June 2020, a court in the Democratic Republic of Congo found President Tshisekedi's chief of staff
2316:
moved from their original bases in Uganda and South Sudan to DR Congo in 2005 and set up camps in the
177:
16384:
14844:
10972:
9065:"Vaccine hesitancy runs high in some African countries, in some cases leaving unused doses to expire"
5465:
5286:
authentically popularized the style and made significant contributions to it in the 1940s and 1950s.
5185:
Congo has a rich musical heritage, rooted in traditional rhythms. The earliest known form of popular
5095:
5084:
in the DRC, millions of lives were at risk as they could die of hunger. According to the data of the
5018:
4111:
3852:
3843:
3792:
3635:
3029:
2510:
In May 2024, during a parliamentary crisis related to the election for the leadership of parliament,
2489:
2366:
2313:
1447:
892:. With a population of around 109 million, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the most populous
14358:
10607:
7575:
3961:
3198:, the nation is also economically and regionally affiliated with Southern Africa as a member of the
16636:
16530:
16421:
16065:
15923:
15163:
13364:
11672:
7390:
6774:
6469:
5294:
5081:
5030:
4117:
3744:
3195:
3114:, which threatens wildlife populations, water pollution and mining. From 2015 to 2019, the rate of
2627:
1820:
1039:
905:
338:
17:
14183:
Africa and America in The Sixties: A Decade That Changed The Nation and The Destiny of A Continent
13806:
13300:
12544:
7125:
17096:
16522:
16493:
16483:
16221:
12445:
7103:
6068:
3954:
3009:
2550:
2405:
2339:
2161:
1875:
1566:
1381:
1250:
1099:
1095:
740:
629:
15643:
10223:
7606:
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4524:
4189:
3358:
1562:
was called in and made the practice of cutting off the limbs of the natives a matter of policy.
1263:
1222:
The Democratic Republic of the Congo has been known in the past as, in chronological order, the
17086:
16919:
16511:
16478:
16389:
16098:
15943:
15879:
14058:
13862:
13395:
12415:
12331:
11843:
11384:
11181:
10768:
The law on sexual violence, DRC 2006 (Les lois sur les violences sexuelles) reads (in French):
8367:
3973:
The economy of DRC relies heavily on mining. However, the smaller-scale economic activity from
3777:
3666:
3053:
2932:
also erupted. The mountain subsequently erupted again in 2006, and once again in January 2010.
2523:
1928:
1059:
671:
623:
15580:
8465:
7068:
6283:
6095:
4770:
4432:
4221:
4108:, a distance of 285 km (177 mi) on one of the only paved sections in fair condition.
2841:
activity, occasionally with loss of life. The geologic activity in this area also created the
16656:
16244:
16216:
15183:
10133:
10126:
10086:
8820:
6908:
6858:
6637:"DR Congo: Children's access to education under threat from ongoing violence in Kasai region"
6512:
6363:
6310:
6256:
5582:
4470:
4288:
3479:, a metal used in many industrial and military applications. The largest use of cobalt is in
3428:
3119:
3057:
3049:
3045:
3037:
2981:
2969:
2698:
of the river, which slopes toward the Atlantic Ocean in the west. This area is surrounded by
2687:
2623:
2414:
2317:
2288:
in 2013 and 400,000 persons displaced in the province as of 2013. On and off fighting in the
1840:
1486:
1246:
1242:
1177:
980:
901:
33:
14477:
14241:
Africa's World War: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe
12012:
10856:
9121:
9080:
8323:
7867:
7207:
6737:
6701:
6473:
2320:. The war in the Congo has been described as the bloodiest war since World War II. In 2009,
2156:
succeeded him and called for multilateral peace talks. UN peacekeepers, MONUC, now known as
2014:
16893:
16211:
15849:
14466:
14116:
9827:
9578:
6864:
6817:
5205:. The style gained popularity in the 1920s–1930s, introducing the "bar-dancing" culture in
5085:
4904:
4900:
4241:
Over 250 ethnic groups and 450 tribes (ethnic subgroups) populate the DRC. They are in the
3901:
3876:
3871:, a third of its cobalt, more than 30% of its diamond reserves, and a tenth of its copper.
3819:
2846:
2417:
2393:
2281:
1985:
1482:
1119:
945:
44:
12714:
4864:
2249:, the leader of the CNDP, and troops loyal to him, mutinied and formed the rebel military
1524:. Leopold's regime began various infrastructure projects, such as the construction of the
8:
17132:
16949:
15441:
15424:
14315:
13850:
13601:. Santa Barbara, California, United States: Bloomsbury Publishing USA. pp. 207–208.
12859:
12832:
10088:
Democratic Republic of the Congo: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper-Progress Report (EPub)
9477:
7967:
5539:
4842:
4793:
4718:
4623:
4273:
4022:
3386:
3310:
3152:
3149:
3096:
3033:
2842:
2667:
2442:
2389:
2197:
1989:
1531:
1275:
801:
267:
14348:
12326:
12295:"Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life / Islam and Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa"
9831:
9615:
9582:
7806:
6821:
5154:
4953:
nationwide survey. The education system is governed by three government ministries: the
4784:
Christianity is the predominant religion of the DRC. A 2013–14 survey, conducted by the
4385:
3818:
discovered that rapes committed by civilians had increased seventeenfold. In June 2014,
3520:
3143:
was President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from January 2001 to January 2019.
2519:
2437:
2410:
1893:
1071:
357:
17239:
17137:
16934:
16462:
16415:
14388:
14296:
Dancing in the Glory of Monsters: the Collapse of the Congo and the Great War of Africa
14111:
11878:
11433:"Katanga Project Update and 2Q 2008 Financials, Katanga Mining Limited, 12 August 2008"
8734:
7672:
7002:
6952:"Katanda Bone Harpoon Point | The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program"
6833:
6707:
6589:
5404:
5279:
4797:
4230:
4147:
3464:
2711:
2675:
2671:
2663:
2619:
2277:
1665:
1505:
1306:
as the name used by the natives (i.e., derived from Portuguese usage) remained common.
1074:, who has served as president since. Since 2015, eastern Congo has been the site of an
15072:
12797:"Democratic Republic of the Congo, Epidemiological profile, World Malaria Report 2014"
12745:"The World Factbook – Field Listing : HIV/AIDS : adult prevalence rate"
9004:"Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) – Ebola Situation Report #40 – April 10, 2021"
8176:
2436:
was held. On 10 January 2019, the electoral commission announced opposition candidate
1639:
16939:
16676:
16249:
15948:
15787:
15626:
15199:
14983:
14284:
14255:
14208:
14197:
14186:
14174:
14159:
14158:
Miller, Eric: "The Inability of Peacekeeping to Address the Security Dilemma", 2010.
14138:
14101:
14097:
14030:
14004:
13959:
13742:
13703:
13602:
13563:
13530:
13499:
13463:
13339:
13102:
12984:"Millions 'on the edge' in DR Congo, now in even greater danger of tipping over: WFP"
12675:
12567:
12395:
12354:
12148:
12138:
12105:
12074:
12064:
11950:
11228:
10415:
10162:
10137:
10092:
10061:"Chapter XXVI: Disarmament – No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons"
9845:
9596:
9503:
9392:
9276:
9113:
9072:
8973:
8932:
7971:
7554:
7514:
7402:
7395:
7238:
7211:
7200:
7108:
7083:
7006:
6994:
6914:
6868:
6837:
6747:
6711:
6518:
6479:
6369:
6316:
6289:
6262:
6166:
5936:
Mortality in the Democratic Republic of Congo: An ongoing crisis: Full 26-page report
5914:
5578:
5506:
5198:
5145:
4686:
4250:
4246:
4018:
3983:
3769:
3496:
3468:
2915:
2812:
2784:
2691:
2511:
2466:
2425:
2351:
2335:
2250:
2146:
2141:
to fight Kabila, while Uganda instigated the creation of a rebel movement called the
2100:
2055:
1724:
1692:
1536:
1517:
1407:
1235:
1062:, torture, arbitrary imprisonment and restrictions on civil liberties. Following the
967:
from the 14th to 19th centuries. In the northeast, center, and east, the kingdoms of
13775:
10436:"Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor – Democratic Republic of the Congo"
7759:
5267:
4560:
3922:
3352:
3324:
1768:
1410:, one of the oldest barbed harpoons ever found, believed to have been used to catch
15928:
14589:
14574:
14540:
13883:"Rwanda Kicks Off Quest for Africa Women's Volleyball Championship Against Morocco"
9835:
9586:
9307:"Congolese army says shootout in the capital is failed coup, perpetrators arrested"
8584:
Al Jazeera News (9 March 2018). "UN: Two million children risk starvation in DRC."
8555:
8232:
8202:
8146:
8116:
8086:
8056:
7963:
7673:""Zaire: The Hoax of Independence", The Aida Parker Newsletter #203, 4 August 1997"
6986:
6829:
6825:
6610:
6441:
An Abstract of a Voyage to Congo River, Or the Zair and to Cabinde in the Year 1700
6158:
6100:
5593:
5562:
5558:
5534:. The sports are played in numerous stadiums throughout the country, including the
5494:
5452:
5300:
style that evolved from Congolese rumba. Soukous led to diverse offshoots, such as
5283:
5202:
5056:
5022:
4973:
4892:
4722:
4634:
4323:
4128:, and a paved road in fair condition over the short distance to the Zambian border.
4026:
3978:
3974:
3926:
3414:
3013:
2965:
2912:
2728:
2721:
2717:
2659:
2269:
2104:
2093:
2083:
1961:
1882:
1859:
1808:
1784:
1754:
1540:
1521:
1494:
1478:
1451:
1385:
1258:
1223:
1188:
1082:
1047:
1027:
984:
976:
960:
941:
797:
715:
449:
262:
257:
138:
15813:
13882:
13776:"Musique : qu'est-ce que le clan Wenge, pionnier de la danse Ndombolo ?"
13048:"Regulating Air Quality: the First Global Assessment of Air Pollution Legislation"
12370:"Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo)", Adherents.com – Religion by Location.
12258:
12170:
7897:
6910:
Comprehensive Report on U.S. Trade and Investment Policy Toward Sub-Saharan Africa
6802:
Ballinger, Benjamin; Stringer, Martin; Schmeda-Lopez, Diego R. (1 December 2019).
5545:
Internationally, the country is especially famous for its professional basketball
5201:, encompassing parts of the present-day Republic of the Congo, southern Gabon and
4674:
4649:
located in the region and beyond. These numbers peaked in 2004 when, according to
4506:
3741:
International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3735:
International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3581:
would become part of the new armed forces. It also provided for the creation of a
3338:
1917:
1863:
1720:
1584:, was instructed by the British government to investigate. His report, called the
1573:
killed nearly half the population in the areas surrounding the lower Congo River.
1489:. The eastern regions of the precolonial Congo were heavily disrupted by constant
1481:
and administration took place from the 1870s until the 1920s. It was first led by
17081:
16731:
15619:
15528:
15115:
14859:
14584:
14414:
14374:
14067:
13953:
13869:
13457:
12970:
12679:
12614:
12571:
12008:
11989:
11364:
11163:
11143:
10921:
10756:
10737:
10538:
10531:
10317:
10259:
10209:
10189:
9417:
8902:
8895:
8827:
8808:
8801:
8789:
8756:
8641:
8592:
8573:
8566:
8562:
8422:
8403:
8353:
8330:
8030:
7508:
7317:
7232:
7098:
7075:
7052:
7026:
6137:
5671:
5574:
5566:
5554:
5550:
5251:
5172:
5130:
5099:
5062:
4969:
4710:
4682:
4313:
4242:
3856:
3662:
3499:
consumes significant quantities of cobalt in a variety of applications including
3447:
3366:
3226:
The country is currently divided into the city-province of Kinshasa and 25 other
3088:
3080:
3025:
2858:
2788:
2694:. This massive expanse of lush jungle covers most of the vast, low-lying central
2451:
2088:
2079:
1973:
1924:
1923:
Meanwhile, in the east of the country, Soviet and Cuban-backed rebels called the
1828:
1824:
1796:
1772:
1681:
1585:
1434:
1403:
1369:
1361:
1302:
is the preferred English name in 19th-century literature, although references to
1043:
1023:
972:
956:
929:
773:
528:
252:
237:
72:
14450:
14327:
In the Footsteps of Mr. Kurtz: Living on the Brink of Disaster in Mobutu's Congo
11136:
8293:
8263:
8177:"Tanzanian troops arrive in eastern DR Congo as part of UN intervention brigade"
6896:
6157:, Arab Human Development Report, United Nations, pp. ii–iii, 29 June 2022,
6150:
4089:
and the Office of the Uele Railways (Office des Chemins de fer des Ueles, CFU).
2600:
2374:
16929:
15933:
15918:
15782:
15565:
15549:
13122:
12983:
12681:
Enquête Démographique et de Santé en République Démocratique du Congo 2013–2014
12573:
Enquête Démographique et de Santé en République Démocratique du Congo 2013–2014
11550:"How 'modern-day slavery' in the Congo powers the rechargeable battery economy"
10532:
Enquête Démographique et de Santé en République Démocratique du Congo 2013–2014
10469:
10407:
9840:
9776:
6808:
6162:
5659:
5392:
5341:
5271:
5074:
5066:
4888:
4646:
4578:
4452:
4308:
4303:
3997:
3909:
The DRC is the world's largest producer of cobalt ore, and a major producer of
3883:
in the world. The DRC is also one of the twenty lowest-ranked countries on the
3708:
3677:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3488:
3296:
3260:
3021:
2780:
2772:
2695:
2493:
2485:
2301:
2289:
2246:
2234:
2193:
1969:
1913:
1630:
1581:
1577:
1558:
1461:
1421:
1204:
1115:
992:
988:
881:
372:
13172:
13077:
12127:
12053:
12029:"Target Survey: French, the most spoken language in DRC, far ahead of Lingala"
11306:
9591:
9566:
9447:
9237:"DR Congo presidential election: partial results give Tshisekedi a clear lead"
6990:
5005:
4706:
In 2024, there were around 12 million native French speakers in the country.
3879:
had reached 173%. DR Congo consistently has the lowest, or nearly the lowest,
3780:
seems to be perceived by large sectors of society to be normal. The 2013–2014
1934:
Lumumba had previously appointed Mobutu chief of staff of the new Congo army,
1909:
17208:
17190:
17177:
16852:
16701:
15902:
15808:
15803:
15631:
15239:
14611:
14606:
14552:
14454:
14410:
14148:
14082:
Gondola, Ch. Didier, "The History of Congo", Westport: Greenwood Press, 2002.
13702:. New York City, New York State, United States: Hachette Books. p. 129.
13343:
12939:"The World Factbook – Country Comparison : Maternal mortality rate"
12633:
11463:
11232:
9849:
9508:
9396:
9280:
9117:
9076:
8977:
8936:
6998:
6804:"The vulnerability of electric vehicle deployment to critical mineral supply"
6130:
5570:
5384:
5317:
5313:
5263:
5259:
5228:
5186:
5091:
4831:
4726:
4691:
4331:
4298:
4143:
3748:
3688:
3590:
3528:
3452:
3268:
3140:
3107:
2757:
2753:
2526:
were arrested by security forces, and videos of their capture shared online.
2331:
2257:
2227:
2189:
2153:
2062:
U.S. relations with Mobutu cooled, as he was no longer deemed necessary as a
2051:
2047:
1847:), while the former French colony retained the name 'Republic of the Congo' (
1745:
1696:
1597:
1490:
1417:
1238:, before returning to its current name the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
1227:
1192:
1123:
1075:
1051:
1004:
844:
462:
217:
204:
15059:
13016:
5059:, in 2016, 26,529 people died on the roads in DRC due to traffic accidents.
4053:
3917:. As of 2023, the country is estimated to possess around 70% of the world's
3558:
1625:
16606:
15744:
15349:
15339:
15143:
14569:
14070:, Working Papers in Economics and Statistics 31, University Innsbruck 2007.
14022:
13562:. New York City, New York State, United States: Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
13141:
12715:"Congo, With Donors' Help, Introduces New Vaccine for Pneumococcal Disease"
10378:"DRC: Investigation opens on Joseph Kabila over $ 138 million embezzlement"
9941:
9911:"An April 2009 report to Congress by the National Defense Stockpile Center"
9600:
9333:"RDC: situation confuse à Kinshasa autour de la résidence de Vital Kamerhe"
9033:
7546:
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making significant contributions to its evolution and international stage.
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4907:'s flagship project is Kimbilio, which works to reunite street children in
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Sixty-two Protestant denominations are federated under the umbrella of the
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in the south and southwest, by mountainous terraces in the west, and dense
1981:
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968:
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Conspiracy to Murder: The Rwandan Genocide and the International Community
10318:"Vital Kamerhe: DRC president's chief of staff found guilty of corruption"
9646:"Analysis: The next Amazon? Congo Basin faces rising deforestation threat"
4689:
of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is culturally accepted as the
17009:
16811:
16791:
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15523:
15354:
15244:
11307:"UN human development rankings place Norway at the top and DR Congo last"
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The Democratic Republic of the Congo. La République Démocratique du Congo
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Since 2003, more than 400,000 Congolese migrants have been expelled from
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in the west. By far the largest mines in the DRC are located in southern
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3316:
3155:. The 2003 transitional constitution had established a parliament with a
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Libraries & Academic Information Resources. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
12389:
11292:
8440:"1,900 killed, over 3,300 abducted in DR Congo's eastern Kivu provinces"
4955:
Ministère de l'Enseignement Primaire, Secondaire et Professionnel (MEPSP
16984:
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14076:
Doomed to Disaster? Long-term Trajectories of Exploitation in the Congo
13666:
12450:
U.S. Department of State – Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
11571:, Official EC list, updated 20 April 2011. Retrieved 20 September 2011.
10694:
Matundu Mbambi, Annie; Faray-Kele, Marie-Claire (April–December 2010).
9969:"DRC's Tshisekedi has secured his power base: now it's time to deliver"
9241:
8727:"REFILE-Opposition leader Felix Tshisekedi sworn in as Congo president"
7868:"Revealed: how Africa's dictator died at the hands of his boy soldiers"
6743:
5337:
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5243:
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4896:
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4764:
4756:
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4058:
3942:
3594:
3484:
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3422:
3408:
3344:
3001:
2830:
2792:
2564: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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2285:
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2032:
1607:
1091:
1087:
1046:. The country then had its name changed back and was confronted by the
309:
32:
This article is about the larger country. For the smaller country, see
15507:
13741:. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. 313.
12607:
Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo – Wikisource
11735:. UN, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.
10159:
War, Hunger, and Displacement: The Origins of Humanitarian Emergencies
6361:
5581:—have gained prominence in world football. DR Congo has twice won the
5065:
is poor in DRC. According to 2010 estimates, DRC has the 17th highest
5009:
Development of life expectancy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3703:
3638:
are the primary police force in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
2992:
The rainforests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo contain great
2276:
created by Laurent Kabila slipped out of the control of Kinshasa with
1807:
of the Republic of the Congo, on 24 June 1960. The parliament elected
1656:
The Belgian Congo was directly involved in the two world wars. During
16969:
16964:
16909:
16751:
15724:
15289:
14093:
13888:
11909:
10731:"Female Genital Cutting Rates | African Women's Health Center at BWH"
9687:"Interim Constitution – Democratic Republic of the Congo (2003–2006)"
9385:"DRC army says it stopped attempted coup involving three US citizens"
8965:"New Ebola Outbreak in Congo, Already Hit by Measles and Coronavirus"
7069:
The Cambridge history of Africa: From the earliest times to c. 500 BC
5709:
5588:
DR Congo's women's national volleyball team lastly qualified for the
5369:
5232:
5218:
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5116:
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2707:
2604:
Democratic Republic of the Congo map of Köppen climate classification
2175:
2028:
1498:
10935:"Rights Groups, DRC Lawmakers Call for 'Filimbi' Activists' Release"
10031:"China Cash Flowed Through Congo Bank to Former President's Cronies"
9813:"The geopolitics of renewable energy: Debunking four emerging myths"
9746:
8031:"Congo-Kinshasa: General Ntaganda and Loyalists Desert Armed Forces"
4264:
4225:
Democratic Republic of the Congo's population between 1960 and 2017.
3994:
and tin, respectively, helped to fuel the war in the eastern Congo.
2539:
1556:
to honor himself and his country. To enforce the rubber quotas, the
1528:
of Leopoldville (now Kinshasa), which took eight years to complete.
1516:
King Leopold formally acquired rights to the Congo territory at the
1176:("Committee for the Study of the Upper Congo"), established by King
900:, which is also the economic center. The country is bordered by the
17225:
Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
17111:
17035:
17004:
16999:
16666:
16661:
16621:
16616:
16601:
15759:
15749:
15704:
15694:
15389:
15364:
15214:
15209:
15188:
15153:
15138:
14378:
14274:
Bradt Travel Guide: Congo — Democratic Republic/Republic
11946:
Migration en République Démocratique du Congo: Profil national 2009
11358:"Ranking Of The World's Diamond Mines By Estimated 2013 Production"
11132:
10541:. Rockville, Maryland, USA : MPSMRM, MSP and ICF International
8757:"DR Congo presidential election: Outcry as Tshisekedi named winner"
7478:"Belgians accused of war crimes in killing of Congo leader Lumumba"
7029:. BBC World Service: The Story of Africa; accessed 2 December 2017.
6615:
5388:
5380:
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5236:
5206:
5180:
5034:
4946:
4884:
4808:
4642:
4555:
4519:
4413:
4408:
4390:
4146:) that offered flights inside DR Congo. Congo Airways was based at
4142:
As of February 2024, DR Congo had one major national airline (
4136:
3991:
3557:
The military of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, known as the
3500:
3302:
3254:
3111:
2997:
2877:
2800:
2771:
The Congo River has the second-largest flow and the second-largest
2647:
2063:
2036:
1968:
Mobutu had the staunch support of the United States because of his
1570:
1549:
1471:
1429:
925:
897:
839:
777:
196:
16552:
12475:
11179:
10584:"Violence Against Women in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)"
10001:"Congo Reviews $ 6.2 Billion China Mining Deal as Criticism Grows"
8841:"DR Congo announces new govt 7 months after president inaugurated"
6069:"Democratic Republic of Congo in Crisis | Human Rights Watch"
4803:
There are about 35 million Catholics in the country with six
1257:(a past name for the Congo River) on 27 October 1971 by President
17019:
17014:
16989:
16944:
16924:
16914:
16831:
16826:
16821:
16801:
16781:
16766:
16756:
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15314:
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15259:
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15204:
15173:
15148:
15123:
14267:
The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996–2006
13082:
12632:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
12505:
11758:
11024:
9269:"DRC president declared election winner as opposition cries foul"
9177:"RDC failed coup plot: president's security adviser in detention"
8821:
Nearly 900 killed in ethnic violence in Congo in mid-December -UN
8802:
DR Congo: Nearly 900 killed in ethnic clashes last month, UN says
7959:
The Frontlines of Peace: An Insider's Guide to Changing the World
6129:
BBC. (9 October 2013). "DR Congo: Cursed by its natural wealth".
5353:
5322:
5290:
5176:
5038:
4880:
4714:
4501:
4121:
3914:
3815:
3613:, is also present in the country with about 18,000 peacekeepers.
3610:
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3394:
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3372:
3330:
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2905:
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2873:
2703:
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2157:
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1015:
979:
ruled from the 16th and 17th centuries to the 19th century. King
921:
479:
319:
15871:
13958:(illustrated, reprint ed.). University of Wisconsin Press.
11874:"The World Factbook: Africa – Congo, Democratic Republic of the"
11520:"The [Ivanhoe] pullback investors have been waiting for"
10995:"World Bank Pledges $ 1 Billion to Democratic Republic of Congo"
9448:"Nyamuragira Volcano, Democratic Republic of Congo | John Seach"
8830:. Reuters. Published 16 January 2019. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
4937:
3222:
Administrative divisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3136:
2763:
2500:
in the country led to uncertainty, but the coup attempt failed.
2340:
the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict
2137:
and launched a new Tutsi-led rebel military movement called the
1888:
On 18 September 1961, in ongoing negotiations of a ceasefire, a
1874:
supplies and advisers. On 23 August, the Congolese armed forces
1730:
1703:, the Belgian Congo provided a crucial source of income for the
1520:
in 1885 and made the land his private property. He named it the
17260:
1960 establishments in the Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)
16994:
16974:
16959:
16954:
16888:
16883:
16857:
16786:
16761:
16696:
16691:
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15754:
15719:
15689:
15399:
15384:
15379:
15319:
15274:
15234:
15128:
15107:
14429:
13202:[Musical Journey: the return and return of the rumba].
11128:
9937:"Which Countries Are For or Against China's Xinjiang Policies?"
9751:
Southern African Development Community: Towards a common future
9106:"Italy Mourns an Ambassador and His Bodyguard, Killed in Congo"
8697:"Surprise Winner Of Congolese Election Is An Opposition Leader"
7553:(expanded ed.). Rochester, Vermont: Schenkman Books, Inc.
7156:"Kinshasa – national capital, Democratic Republic of the Congo"
6641:
5357:
5070:
4978:
4778:
4657:
4537:
4488:
4354:
Largest cities or towns in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
4105:
4081:
Rail transportation is provided by the Congo Railroad Company (
3918:
3910:
3868:
3731:
Military macho-violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3476:
3288:
3282:
3005:
2901:
2869:
2655:
2651:
2639:
2635:
1957:
1677:
1553:
1485:, who undertook his explorations under the sponsorship of King
1411:
1184:, established by him in 1879, were also named after the river.
1127:
937:
933:
917:
913:
12648:
11490:"10th Annual Pan-European Conference Strategic Decisions 2013"
7928:"ICC Convicts Bemba of War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity"
6801:
5960:
1687:
After 1918, Belgium was rewarded for the participation of the
1187:
The Congo River was named by early European sailors after the
1018:
on 30 June 1960 and was immediately confronted by a series of
16878:
16776:
16771:
16706:
16686:
16671:
16596:
16274:
15570:
15359:
15309:
15264:
15249:
15229:
15219:
15193:
15133:
14579:
14507:
11983:"Calls for Angola to Investigate Abuse of Congolese Migrants"
11949:(in French). International Organization for Migration. 2010.
10348:"DRC: Under what conditions has Vital Kamerhe been released?"
10156:
6365:
Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
6285:
Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
5400:
5121:
4959:
Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et Universitaire (MESU)
4650:
4573:
4062:
3811:
3524:
3491:
and in cutting and wear-resistant materials such as cemented
3017:
2985:
2919:
2779:
in both respects). The sources of the Congo River are in the
2710:
extending beyond the Congo River in the north. The glaciated
2465:
began in June 2020, ultimately causing 55 deaths. The global
2385:
2108:
1952:
1827:, and the Parti National du Peuple led by Albert Delvaux and
1816:
1750:
1716:
1254:
1253:
on 1 August 1964, the country became the DRC but was renamed
1215:, 'to gather' (trans)." The modern name of the Kongo people,
1035:
515:
14001:
The State-Society Struggle: Zaire in Comparative Perspective
12446:"2010 Human Rights Report: Democratic Republic of the Congo"
10696:"Gender Inequality and Social Institutions in the D.R.Congo"
10639:"Prevalence of Rape in E. Congo Described as Worst in World"
9207:"Combat troops patrol in Kinshasa after failed coup attempt"
8811:. BBC. Published 16 January 2019. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
8406:. The Program for Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research.
8117:"Rwanda defence chief leads DR Congo rebels, UN report says"
7641:
7513:. Oxford; New York City: Osprey Publishing. pp. 14–18.
6096:"Congo's surprise new leader in 1st peaceful power transfer"
5320:
ethnic background. The same soukous, under the guidance of "
4073:
3861:
Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa
3786:
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
3680:
issued a report claiming that the Congo is run as a violent
2950:
Environmental issues in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1054:, who governed the country from 2001 to 2019 and under whom
16816:
16741:
16716:
16641:
15369:
15279:
15168:
13921:
12646:
11077:"Congo with $ 24 Trillion in Mineral Wealth BUT still Poor"
8496:"The Democratic Republic of the Congo: Hurdle After Hurdle"
7794:
Conflict Studies Journal at the University of New Brunswick
7724:"The 2006 Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Congo"
7551:
The Rise and Fall of Patrice Lumumba: Conflict in the Congo
6891:
Aid Applicant: The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DROC).
5758:
5361:
5026:
4591:
2881:
2795:. The river flows generally west from Kisangani just below
2223:
2134:
2112:
1199:, when they encountered them in the 16th century. The word
1107:
14016:
The Democratic Republic of Congo: Between Hope and Despair
12831:. World Health Organization. 24 April 2014. Archived from
11643:"The Power Plants That May Save a Park, and Aid a Country"
10910:
10908:
10776:[The laws against sexual violence]. Archived from
10484:"Foreign travel advice – Democratic Republic of the Congo"
10412:
Reimagining Child Soldiers in International Law and Policy
10161:. Faculty of Philosophy Columbia University. p. 261.
9478:"Lambertini, A Naturalist's Guide to the Tropics, excerpt"
9034:"Covid: DR Congo in race against time to vaccinate people"
8695:
Gonzales, Richard; Schwartz, Matthew S. (9 January 2019).
7951:
7949:
5631:
Index of Democratic Republic of the Congo-related articles
4124:, a paved road in very poor condition between Kolwezi and
2956:
List of ecoregions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1390:
1081:
The Democratic Republic of the Congo is extremely rich in
14127:. Boulder, Colorado and London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
13845:
13738:
Europe after Empire: Decolonization, Society, and Culture
11554:
10669:"UN official calls DR Congo 'rape capital of the world.'"
10262:. Swissinfo, Basel Institute of Governance, 14 July 2009.
9781:
National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
8907:
7837:"Zaire Chooses Confusing New Name | The Spokesman-Review"
7691:
7653:
7629:
6556:
6468:
6030:"Measuring Mortality in the Democratic Republic of Congo"
5913:. New York, NY: HarperCollins. pp. Chapter 1 and 2.
4678:
The four Bantu languages with elevated "national" status.
3665:
in 2009. In July 2009, a Swiss court determined that the
3443:
Foreign relations of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2976:
2889:
2592:
2518:
which was repelled by security forces loyal to President
2241:, defected along with troops loyal to him and formed the
2128:
Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo
2073:
2011:
as Mobutu and his associates embezzled government funds.
1946:
1070:
since independence, Kabila was succeeded as president by
856:
14369:
13636:"Spreading Ndombolo Dance Across Africa with Bush Sebar"
11792:
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
11763:
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
10693:
10128:
King of the Mountain: The Nature of Political Leadership
9146:"Kenya, DRC sign deals on security, trade and transport"
7930:. International Justice Resource Center. 29 March 2016.
6857:
Starbird, Caroline; Deboer, Dale; Pettit, Jenny (2004).
4173:
Renewable energy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3487:
parts for high speed war planes. Cobalt is also used in
2650:(across Lake Tanganyika), to the south and southeast by
2253:(M23), claiming the government had violated the treaty.
1298:
gradually in English usage during the 18th century, and
1164:
The Democratic Republic of the Congo is named after the
126:("Justice – Peace – Work")
122:"Justice – Paix – Travail"
15102:
14471:
Africa South of the Sahara: Selected Internet Resources
13427:"Papa Wemba: the King of Rumba, 'le Prince de la Sape'"
12259:"Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDS-RDC) 2013–2014"
12171:"Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDS-RDC) 2013–2014"
11459:"Watchdog says $ 88m missing in Congolese mining taxes"
11173:
10905:
10800:"DRC: 'Civilians bearing brunt of South Kivu violence'"
8896:"DR Congo measles: Nearly 5,000 dead in major outbreak"
8871:"DR Congo names new cabinet, cements president's power"
7946:
3897:
Mining industry of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3723:
Sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3519:
and other Muslim ethnic minorities. In 2021, President
2972:, making the park a critical habitat for these animals.
2690:, the second-largest rainforest in the world after the
1103:
896:
in the world. The national capital and largest city is
14137:
Mealer, Bryan: "All Things Must Fight To Live", 2008.
13332:"Papa Wemba: Congolese music's dandy with a dark side"
12855:"The Latest: Ebola deaths top 1,000 in Congo outbreak"
8526:"No elections in DR Congo before April 2018: minister"
4049:
Rail transport in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3727:
Child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2803:, joining with the Ubangi River, and running into the
2658:, and to the west by the South Atlantic Ocean and the
2492:. On 22 April 2021, meetings between Kenyan President
2206:
People fleeing their villages due to fighting between
1513:, actually played one European rival against another.
15834:
Southern African Development Coordination Conference
14052:
The Troubled Heart of Africa: A History of the Congo.
13462:. London, United Kingdom: Rough Guides. p. 723.
13200:"Voyage Musical : l'aller et retour de la rumba"
11729:"Democratic Republic of the Congo Demographic Trends"
10466:"Constitution de la République Démocratique du Congo"
10288:"New Study Shows Congo is Run as Violent Kleptocracy"
9717:"Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 2005 (rev. 2011)"
8233:"Katanga: Fighting for DR Congo's cash cow to secede"
8006:. Agence France-Presse. 23 March 2012. Archived from
7397:
The Congo, From Leopold to Kabila: A People's History
5824:"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition"
5209:(now Kinshasa), incorporating unique elements like a
3762:
List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor
3116:
deforestation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3032:. Five of the country's national parks are listed as
2845:, four of which lie on the Congo's eastern frontier:
1904:). Katangan secession ended in January 1963 with the
1839:
also gained independence and adopted the same name, '
14220:
The Congo from Leopold to Kabila: A People's History
12098:"Mapped: Top 15 Countries by Native French Speakers"
8670:"Fear and trauma haunt Congolese massacre survivors"
8347:"A New Study Finds Death Toll in Congo War too High"
8004:"DR Congo government, CNDP rebels 'sign peace deal'"
7807:"Capture of Zaire's capital complete – May 18, 1997"
7044:
The Congo Free State – a colony of gross excess
6856:
5607:
5590:
2021 Women's African Nations Volleyball Championship
4941:
A classroom in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
4202:
Demographics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3768:
The Democratic Republic of the Congo has prohibited
3717:
Human rights in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3545:
Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3523:
called for a review of mining contracts signed with
3056:. The Democratic Republic of the Congo is one of 17
2946:
Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature
2384:
A tribal conflict erupted on 16–17 December 2018 at
2070:
In September 1997, Mobutu died in exile in Morocco.
1576:
News of the abuses began to circulate. In 1904, the
1286:("river swallowing rivers"). The river was known as
1111:
14460:
The Democratic Republic of Congo from Global Issues
14440:
Wikimedia Atlas of Democratic Republic of the Congo
12390:De Boeck, Filip; Plissart, Marie-Frangoise (1899).
10630:
10091:. International Monetary Fund. 2010. pp. 56–.
8924:"Congo's Deadliest Ebola Outbreak Is Declared Over"
8783:
DR Congo election board delays vote in three cities
8606:"DR Congo: Rebels Were Recruited to Crush Protests"
7956:Autesserre, Séverine; Gbowee, Leymah (3 May 2021).
7230:
6094:Mwanamilongo, Saleh; Anna, Cara (24 January 2019).
5636:
Democratic Republic of the Congo–South Sudan border
5522:
Rugby union in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
5045:are problems. In May 2019, the death toll from the
3216:
Territories of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2767:
Satellite image of Democratic Republic of the Congo
1058:remained poor and included frequent abuses such as
12829:"Yellow fever in the Democratic Republic of Congo"
12229:"The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency"
10157:Nafziger, E. Wayne; Raimo Frances Stewart (2000).
10125:
9880:"GIs retrain Congo troops known for being violent"
8963:
8922:
7394:
7199:
6585:"DR Congo: Rampant Intercommunal Violence in West"
6475:From Zaire to the Democratic Republic of the Congo
6199:"DR Congo crisis stirs concerns in central Africa"
5767:. Langley, Virginia: Central Intelligence Agency.
5429:Mass media in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
4212:Child marriage in Democratic Republic of the Congo
3855:is responsible for developing and maintaining the
3648:Corruption in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2183:
16291:Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
13952:Young, M. Crawford; Turner, Thomas Edwin (2013).
13837:Countries: Democatric Republic of the Congo: News
13142:"L'état de la musique traditionnelle en RD.Congo"
11844:"Pygmies want UN tribunal to address cannibalism"
11588:(in French). suedwind-institut.de. Archived from
11104:"Mining Companies Could See Big Profits in Congo"
10063:. United Nations Treaty Collection. 7 July 2017.
7760:"Mobutu dies in exile in Morocco – Sept. 7, 1997"
7401:(3rd ed.). New York: Palgrave. p. 108.
6552:"A Visit to the Other Congo, the Forgotten Congo"
6362:Emizet Francois Kisangani; Scott F. Bobb (2010).
5933:
5927:
5021:. The DRC has the world's second-highest rate of
5015:hospitals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
4933:Education in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
4670:Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
4043:Transport in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3905:Rough diamonds ≈1 to 1.5 mm in size from DR Congo
3587:provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3553:Congolese soldiers being trained by UN personnel.
3212:Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3063:Conservationists have particularly worried about
2610:Geography of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1819:) party. Other parties that emerged included the
1791:In May 1960, a growing nationalist movement, the
568:2,345,409 km (905,567 sq mi) (
17206:
13696:George, Nelson; Carr, Daphne (20 October 2008).
12617:. Fr.wikisource.org. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
11790:("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)").
8694:
8502:. PGW Global Risk Management LLP. Archived from
8147:"Rwanda military aiding DRC mutiny, report says"
7955:
7713:, Heritage Foundation Executive Memorandum #239.
7389:
6898:Office of the United States Trade Representative
6357:
6355:
6353:
6093:
5518:Football in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
5001:HIV/AIDS in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
4752:Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3132:Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2942:Wildlife of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2935:
2356:Protests broke out in the country on 20 December
16332:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
14234:No Mercy: A Journey into the Heart of the Congo
11526:. London, UK: Aspermont Ltd. 22 February 2018.
10221:
9564:
7604:
6863:. Center for Teaching International Relations,
5626:Outline of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
5598:2018–2020 CAVB Beach Volleyball Continental Cup
5112:Culture of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
4208:Poverty in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
4017:In February 2018, global asset management firm
3839:Poverty in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3833:Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3616:The Democratic Republic of Congo signed the UN
2783:Mountains that flank the western branch of the
2614:Geology of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2596:The map of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2308:ethnic groups, respectively. In the northeast,
2243:National Congress for the Defence of the People
1680:in September 1916 under the command of General
1441:
1356:History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1234:, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the
16554:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
15858:Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
12129:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
12055:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
12017:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
11939:
11937:
11935:
11616:"DR Congo economic and strategic significance"
11025:"OHADA.com: The business law portal in Africa"
10965:"Is Emmanuel Weyi "the change" the DRC needs?"
8368:"Congo's Death Rate Unchanged Since War Ended"
7865:
7148:
6000:"Congo War driven crisis kills 45,000 a month"
5144:use literature as a way to develop a sense of
5025:(after Chad). In April 2011, through aid from
4995:Health in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
4875:Traditional religions embody such concepts as
4167:Energy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3776:are generally negative throughout the nation.
2401:2018 election and new president (2018–present)
1676:gained a notable victory when it marched into
1660:(1914–1918), an initial stand-off between the
1526:railway that ran from the coast to the capital
1138:Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie
17061:Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique
16538:
15887:
15659:
15088:
15064:
14493:
14003:. New York: Columbia University Press, 1984,
13872:. World Stadiums. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
13396:"Why Papa Wemba's Legacy Will Outlive Us All"
13173:"La "Rumba", un humanisme musical en partage"
13011:
13009:
12123:
12121:
11180:Exenberger, Andreas; Hartmann, Simon (2007).
9616:"World 'losing battle against deforestation'"
6350:
5908:
5526:Many sports are played in the DRC, including
5167:Music of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
4268:Breakdown of the largest ethnic groups in DRC
4083:Société nationale des chemins de fer du Congo
4011:Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative
3630:Crime in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3238:. Before 2015, the country had 11 provinces.
2799:, then gradually bends southwest, passing by
2454:was formed without the supporters of Kabila.
1976:was established, and Mobutu declared himself
1731:Independence and political crisis (1960–1965)
1695:mandate over the previously German colony of
16327:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
15474:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
14027:Chief of Station, Congo: A Memoir of 1960–67
12163:
11777:
11291:(in French). 23 October 2009. Archived from
9558:
7510:Modern African Wars (4): The Congo 1960–2002
7367:. Historylearningsite.co.uk. 30 March 2007.
7063:
7061:
6703:Angola: A Modern Military History, 1961–2002
6543:
6254:
6196:
6022:
5434:
3623:
3618:treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
3060:and is the most biodiverse African country.
1964:and Richard Nixon in Washington, D.C., 1973.
1591:
1326:. Its name is sometimes also abbreviated as
1219:, was introduced in the early 20th century.
1144:Economic Community of Central African States
1135:
135:
120:
61:
17102:Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie
14250:Renton, David; Seddon, David; Zeilig, Leo.
13951:
13175:(in French). Lyon, France: HAL. p. 3.
13045:
11932:
11385:"Congo's Riches, Looted by Renegade Troops"
11259:"Cobalt: World Mine Production, By Country"
10830:"DRC: 'Pendulum displacement' in the Kivus"
8847:(in French). 26 August 2019. Archived from
8634:
7697:
7659:
7647:
7635:
7123:
7037:
7035:
6514:African Yearbook of International Law, 1997
6510:
6223:
5818:
5816:
5814:
5812:
5600:in both the women's and the men's section.
3531:, in particular the Sicomines multibillion
3205:
3148:of the Congo finally settled into a stable
2968:; half of its population live in the DRC's
2284:briefly invading the provincial capital of
17255:States and territories established in 1960
17056:Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie
16545:
16531:
16135:African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights
15894:
15880:
15666:
15652:
15095:
15081:
14500:
14486:
14310:The Congo Wars: Conflict, Myth and Reality
14125:Borders, nationalism and the African state
13695:
13096:
13006:
12376:(1998), 'official government web site' of
12363:
12118:
11613:
11496:. Sanford C. Bernstein Ltd. Archived from
11189:Working Papers in Economics and Statistics
11017:
9908:
9275:. Agence France-Presse. 31 December 2023.
9174:
9103:
7898:"Kabila's son to be sworn in as president"
7567:
6860:Teaching International Economics and Trade
5791:"DR Congo Population (2024) – Worldometer"
5592:. The country featured a national team in
3757:Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor
3589:. Congolese troops have been fighting the
3125:
3106:Major environmental issues in DRC include
2139:Rassemblement Congolais pour la Democratie
2039:. In 1971, Mobutu renamed the country the
176:
166:
43:"DRC" redirects here. For other uses, see
17220:French-speaking countries and territories
14185:, First Edition, New Africa Press, 2006,
14085:Joris, Lieve, translated by Waters, Liz,
13955:The Rise and Decline of the Zairian State
13863:Stadiums in the Democratic Republic Congo
13804:
13633:
13271:"A brief history of popular music in DRC"
13197:
13078:"Frederick Kambemba Yamusangie Interview"
12537:"Children in Congo forced into exorcisms"
12195:
10637:McCrummen, Stephanie (9 September 2007).
10636:
9839:
9590:
9528:
9504:"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species"
7269:
7058:
6668:
6666:
6415:Zaïre: the Roots of the Continuing Crisis
6288:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 158.
6281:
5911:Congo : the epic history of a people
5754:
5752:
5750:
5748:
5746:
5744:
5742:
5289:The 1960s and 1970s saw the emergence of
5242:In the 1940s and 1950s, the influence of
2714:are found in the extreme eastern region.
2580:Learn how and when to remove this message
2522:. Three belligerents reportedly carrying
2266:United Nations Force Intervention Brigade
2152:Kabila was assassinated in 2001. His son
725:
13917:"Continental Cup Finals start in Africa"
13773:
13734:
13329:
12879:"Yellow Fever – West and Central Africa"
12021:
11382:
11157:"A bid for front-line command in Africa"
10750:RESPONSES TO INFORMATION REQUESTS (RIRs)
10132:. University Press of Kentucky. p.
9810:
8365:
8087:"Goma: M23 rebels capture DR Congo city"
7576:"Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)"
7197:
7032:
6576:
6478:. Nordic Africa Institute. pp. 5–.
6308:
6255:Bobineau, Julien; Gieg, Philipp (2016).
5966:
5809:
5336:
5223:
5115:
5004:
4936:
4851:
4769:
4755:
4673:
4631:International Organization for Migration
4612:
4263:
4220:
4072:
4052:
3960:
3948:
3900:
3842:
3702:
3548:
3446:
3244:
3230:. The provinces are subdivided into 145
3194:Although located in the Central African
3135:
2975:
2959:
2918:, with three streams of extremely fluid
2821:
2775:of any river in the world (trailing the
2762:
2716:
2599:
2591:
2490:killed in North Kivu on 22 February 2021
2404:
2217:
2201:
2174:
2143:Movement for the Liberation of the Congo
2087:
2013:
1956:
1767:
1744:
1624:
1601:
1530:
1465:
1389:
959:about 3,000 years ago. In the west, the
600:
171:
17066:Agence universitaire de la Francophonie
13594:
13528:
13264:
13262:
13260:
13258:
13256:
13254:
12713:McNeil, Donald G. Jr. (11 April 2011).
12137:. Paris: Éditions Nathan. p. 117.
11751:
11101:
10854:
10516:. UNOG.ch. 30 July 2007. Archived from
10414:. Oxford University Press. p. 32.
10253:"Court agrees to release Mobutu assets"
8961:
8488:
8322:Kristof, Nicholas D. (31 January 2010)
8057:"Rebels in DR Congo withdraw from Goma"
7962:(1 ed.). Oxford University Press.
6699:
6549:
5934:Coghlan, Benjamin; et al. (2007).
5618:Democratic Republic of the Congo portal
4911:. The usual term for these children is
4859:in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
4132:The DRC has thousands of kilometres of
3751:have been observed and reported in the
3711:in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3118:doubled. In 2021, deforestation of the
3028:and, further south in the country, the
2463:Ebola outbreak in the Équateur Province
1898:Secretary-General of the United Nations
1106:. As of 2018, following two decades of
991:forced the local population to produce
36:. For entities with similar names, see
14:
17207:
15675:Southern African Development Community
14132:Burundi: Ethnic Conflict and Genocide.
13455:
13393:
13268:
13170:
12712:
12534:
12134:La langue française dans le monde 2014
12063:. Paris: Éditions Nathan. p. 30.
12060:La langue française dans le monde 2014
11471:from the original on 21 September 2013
11351:
11221:"Why Congo's chaotic election matters"
11215:
11213:
11005:from the original on 22 September 2013
10855:Bennett, Christian (5 December 2008).
10774:"Les lois sur les violences sexuelles"
10406:
10203:"Mobutu's village basks in his glory".
10183:"Mobutu: A Rich man In Poor Standing".
10123:
9806:
9804:
9802:
9613:
8719:
8667:
8446:from the original on 26 September 2020
8304:from the original on 30 September 2009
8243:from the original on 10 September 2013
8203:"DR Congo M23 rebels 'end insurgency'"
8183:from the original on 28 September 2013
8157:from the original on 26 September 2012
8037:from the original on 21 September 2013
7934:from the original on 11 September 2016
7506:
7300:Congo 1960, dossiers du CRISP, Belgium
7270:McCrummen, Stephanie (4 August 2009).
6976:
6902:United States House of Representatives
6663:
6430:, KARTHALA Editions, 2014, p. 171
5997:
5979:from the original on 11 September 2013
5739:
3772:since 2006, and attitudes towards the
3200:Southern African Development Community
2074:Continental and civil wars (1996–2007)
2003:Corruption became so common the term "
1947:Mobutu autocracy and Zaire (1965–1997)
1182:International Association of the Congo
1132:Southern African Development Community
1022:, the assassination of Prime Minister
38:Republic of the Congo (disambiguation)
16526:
16284:Specialised agencies and institutions
15875:
15647:
15076:
15063:
14481:
14073:Exenberger, Andreas/Hartmann, Simon.
14057:Exenberger, Andreas/Hartmann, Simon.
13817:from the original on 26 November 2015
13786:from the original on 12 November 2023
13735:Buettner, Elizabeth (24 March 2016).
13664:
13555:
13549:
13529:Tchakam, Stéphane (2 December 2003).
13510:from the original on 12 November 2023
13437:from the original on 15 December 2023
13424:
13406:from the original on 15 December 2023
13269:Mukuna, Kazadi wa (7 December 2014).
13228:
13179:from the original on 15 December 2023
13152:from the original on 15 December 2023
13129:from the original on 5 December 2018.
13046:Environment, U. N. (31 August 2021).
12777:from the original on 12 November 2014
12694:from the original on 26 December 2016
12626:"Congo, Democratic Republic of the."
12620:
12586:from the original on 26 December 2016
12239:from the original on 22 February 2021
11709:from the original on 22 February 2021
11653:from the original on 4 September 2017
11569:List of airlines banned within the EU
11530:from the original on 22 November 2018
11057:from the original on 21 February 2014
10867:from the original on 5 September 2013
10675:from the original on 22 November 2012
10358:from the original on 11 November 2022
10271:
9727:from the original on 5 September 2015
9675:Full text of constitution (in French)
9458:from the original on 14 November 2017
9249:from the original on 30 December 2023
9187:from the original on 10 February 2022
9104:Pianigiani, Gaia (23 February 2021).
9062:
8920:
8763:from the original on 11 February 2019
8536:from the original on 28 November 2016
8261:
8097:from the original on 20 November 2012
8028:
7545:
7345:from the original on 16 November 2018
7136:from the original on 21 November 2016
6125:
6123:
6063:
6061:
5948:from the original on 8 September 2013
5771:from the original on 22 February 2021
5538:. As Zaire, they participated in the
5491:Radio Télévision Nationale Congolaise
4963:Ministère des Affaires Sociales (MAS)
2662:. The country lies between latitudes
2365:, presently Secretary-General of the
1908:. Several short-lived governments of
1433:and southeast. The final wave of the
16033:Permanent Representatives' Committee
14130:Lemarchand, Reni and Hamilton, Lee;
13897:from the original on 18 October 2021
13755:from the original on 13 January 2024
13716:from the original on 13 January 2024
13689:
13677:from the original on 9 November 2023
13646:from the original on 8 November 2023
13615:from the original on 13 January 2024
13576:from the original on 13 January 2024
13531:"Cameroun: L'autre danse congolaise"
13522:
13492:
13251:
13239:from the original on 6 November 2023
13139:
12994:from the original on 1 December 2020
12392:Kinshasa tales of the invisible City
12275:from the original on 10 October 2017
12183:from the original on 10 October 2017
11854:from the original on 21 January 2010
11383:Polgreen, Lydia (16 November 2008).
11313:from the original on 3 December 2021
10893:from the original on 11 October 2012
10712:from the original on 31 October 2014
10388:from the original on 7 December 2021
10328:from the original on 7 December 2021
10041:from the original on 7 December 2021
10011:from the original on 7 December 2021
9981:from the original on 7 December 2021
9890:from the original on 10 October 2017
9877:
9820:Energy Research & Social Science
9787:from the original on 27 January 2015
9697:from the original on 2 February 2019
9540:United Nations Environment Programme
9516:from the original on 23 October 2018
9428:from the original on 29 October 2017
9351:
9299:
8707:from the original on 10 January 2019
8661:
8416:"400,000 rapes in Congo in one year"
8264:"Congo terror after LRA rebel raids"
8213:from the original on 6 November 2013
8127:from the original on 3 November 2012
8067:from the original on 6 December 2012
7984:from the original on 4 November 2021
7908:from the original on 25 January 2022
7878:from the original on 9 December 2012
7847:from the original on 25 January 2022
7527:from the original on 11 January 2023
7282:from the original on 14 October 2017
7206:. New York: Public Affairs. p.
7166:from the original on 18 October 2014
6954:. Humanorigins.si.ed. Archived from
6789:from the original on 26 January 2021
6772:
6692:
6623:from the original on 10 October 2018
6329:from the original on 1 December 2019
5884:United Nations Development Programme
5880:"Human Development Report 2023/2024"
5759:Central Intelligence Agency (2014).
5727:from the original on 29 January 2023
4824:one of the largest Protestant bodies
4087:Office National des Transports Congo
4029:. Open-pit cobalt mining has led to
3436:
3087:), and possibly a population of the
3067:. The Congo is inhabited by several
2562:adding citations to reliable sources
2533:
2294:Nationalist and Integrationist Front
1783:, was murdered by Belgian-supported
1741:Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)
1691:in the East African campaign with a
1653:put down any attempts at rebellion.
1620:Belgian minister of colonial affairs
1510:Association Internationale Africaine
1372:culture remain in the present time.
1290:during the 16th and 17th centuries;
17245:Member states of the United Nations
16442:Single African Air Transport Market
16437:African Continental Free Trade Area
14320:Congo: The Epic History of a People
13994:The African Stakes of the Congo War
13281:from the original on 25 August 2023
13222:
13198:Ossinondé, Clément (3 March 2020).
13191:
13058:from the original on 24 August 2022
13027:from the original on 20 August 2020
13017:"The Air Quality Life Index (AQLI)"
12771:"DRC: Malaria still biggest killer"
11992:, Inter Press Service. 21 May 2012.
11818:Library of Congress Country Studies
11703:"Congo, Democratic Republic of the"
11640:
11622:from the original on 10 August 2010
11309:. United Nations. 2 November 2011.
11239:from the original on 3 January 2024
11210:
11198:from the original on 15 August 2011
11102:Kuepper, Justin (26 October 2010).
11079:. News About Congo. 15 March 2009.
11001:. Voice of America. 10 March 2007.
10494:from the original on 10 August 2023
10294:. Enough Project. 27 October 2016.
10215:
9917:from the original on 10 August 2010
9799:
9509:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
9063:Dahir, Abdi Latif (16 April 2021).
8781:Mohamed, Hamza (26 December 2018).
8668:Huguet, Alexis (12 February 2019).
8476:from the original on 27 August 2019
8366:Polgreen, Lydia (23 January 2008).
8169:
7866:Guardian Staff (11 February 2001).
7586:from the original on 9 October 2015
7573:
7488:from the original on 3 October 2017
7278:. Washington Post Foreign Service.
7251:from the original on 12 August 2020
7107:, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1999;
6844:from the original on 3 January 2021
6760:from the original on 11 August 2020
6282:Kisangani, Emizet Francois (2016).
6046:from the original on 11 August 2011
5846:
5073:, 43.5% of children under five are
2622:, bordered to the northwest by the
2413:with the president of neighbouring
2111:-led government in Rwanda, Rwandan
1042:until his overthrow in 1997 by the
1003:the territory, which thus became a
24:
17230:Member states of the African Union
14467:"Democratic Republic of the Congo"
14134:Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1994.
14123:Larémont, Ricardo René, ed. 2005.
14043:Drummond, Bill and Manning, Mark,
13985:
13972:from the original on 15 April 2021
13929:from the original on 7 August 2021
13556:Otiso, Kefa M. (24 January 2013).
13311:from the original on 29 March 2023
13171:Okamba, Emmanuel (30 March 2022).
12919:from the original on 20 April 2023
12889:from the original on 20 April 2023
12809:from the original on 19 April 2015
12456:from the original on 20 March 2020
12095:
11395:from the original on 16 April 2009
11265:from the original on 27 March 2008
11155:Bream, Rebecca (8 November 2007).
11051:"DR Congo's $ 24 trillion fortune"
11031:from the original on 26 March 2009
10945:from the original on 12 April 2016
10265:
10222:Adam Hochschild (13 August 2009).
10150:
10117:
10067:from the original on 6 August 2019
9859:from the original on 13 March 2021
9757:from the original on 22 April 2014
9656:from the original on 22 April 2023
9614:Kinver, Mark (12 September 2019).
9217:from the original on 10 March 2022
9156:from the original on 30 April 2021
9014:from the original on 30 April 2021
8921:Dahir, Abdi Latif (25 June 2020).
8616:from the original on 22 April 2018
8378:from the original on 17 April 2009
7968:10.1093/oso/9780197530351.001.0001
7770:from the original on 31 March 2022
7605:Adam Hochschild (13 August 2009).
7458:from the original on 10 March 2015
7365:"The United Nations and the Congo"
7263:
7092:
6881:from the original on 19 March 2015
6724:from the original on 15 March 2021
6649:from the original on 29 April 2023
6597:from the original on 29 April 2023
6417:, Cambridge University Press, 1979
6382:from the original on 11 March 2022
6261:. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 32.
6155:Arab Human Development Report 2022
6120:
6058:
6010:from the original on 14 April 2011
5890:from the original on 19 March 2024
5872:
5761:"Democratic Republic of the Congo"
5717:"Democratic Republic of the Congo"
5686:In terms of annual carats produced
5383:, with musicians like Papa Wemba,
5197:dance practised within the former
4000:, a Swiss-owned company, owns the
3533:'minerals-for-infrastructure' deal
2660:Cabinda Province exclave of Angola
2239:Rally for Congolese Democracy–Goma
1458:Atrocities in the Congo Free State
1232:Republic of the Congo-Léopoldville
245:Recognised national languages
25:
17276:
15901:
14600:Transitional Government (2003–06)
14334:
14283:, Berlin: Lit, 2008, (in German)
14252:The Congo: Plunder and Resistance
14171:Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era
13595:Sobania, Neal W. (30 June 2003).
13394:Ukabam, Chinedu (29 April 2016).
13330:Denselow, Robin (24 April 2016).
12725:from the original on 22 July 2016
12655:from the original on 10 June 2017
12647:UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
12002:La langue française dans le monde
11920:from the original on 19 July 2022
11824:from the original on 28 June 2017
11759:"World Population Prospects 2022"
11739:from the original on 30 July 2023
11683:from the original on 25 July 2017
11439:from the original on 22 June 2013
11137:DR Congo poll crucial for Africa"
11110:from the original on 17 July 2011
10924:. Freedom From Torture. June 2014
10836:from the original on 2 April 2015
10806:from the original on 2 April 2015
10564:from the original on 4 March 2016
10446:from the original on 3 March 2015
10440:United States Department of Labor
10298:from the original on 3 March 2021
10234:from the original on 1 March 2018
9949:from the original on 16 July 2019
9626:from the original on 18 June 2021
9542:. 15 January 2009. Archived from
8943:from the original on 25 June 2020
8733:. 24 January 2019. Archived from
8262:Fessy, Thomas (23 October 2008).
7817:from the original on 8 April 2022
7740:from the original on 3 March 2018
7617:from the original on 1 March 2018
7272:"Nearly Forgotten Forces of WWII"
6927:from the original on 20 July 2018
6205:from the original on 13 June 2018
5721:United States Department of State
4761:The Sts. Peter and Paul Cathedral
4337:
4036:
2988:was unknown to science until 1901
1902:Collège des commissaires généraux
1871:engaged in secessionist struggles
1501:, who was well known to Stanley.
17215:Democratic Republic of the Congo
17151:
17150:
16652:Democratic Republic of the Congo
16507:
16506:
16357:African Union–Ethiopia relations
16038:Specialized Technical Committees
15700:Democratic Republic of the Congo
15625:
15614:
15613:
15421:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
15398:
15179:Democratic Republic of the Congo
14509:Democratic Republic of the Congo
14451:Democratic Republic of the Congo
14444:
14434:
14426:Democratic Republic of the Congo
14400:Democratic Republic of the Congo
14384:Democratic Republic of the Congo
14359:Democratic Republic of the Congo
14341:
13909:
13875:
13856:
13829:
13798:
13767:
13728:
13658:
13627:
13588:
13476:
13449:
13418:
13387:
13375:from the original on 13 May 2023
13357:
13323:
13293:
13164:
13140:Yoka, Lye M. (2 December 2014).
13133:
13115:
13090:
13070:
13039:
12976:
12957:
12931:
12901:
12871:
12847:
12821:
12789:
12763:
12737:
12706:
12667:
12640:
12598:
12559:
12528:
12498:
12468:
12438:
12408:
12383:
12347:
12319:
12287:
12251:
12221:
12209:from the original on 18 May 2014
12089:
12047:
11995:
11975:
11963:from the original on 11 May 2011
11902:
11890:from the original on 11 May 2020
11866:
11836:
11806:
11721:
11695:
11673:"Energy Profile Congo, Dem. Rep"
11665:
11634:
11607:
11574:
11562:
11542:
11512:
11482:
11451:
11425:
11415:"What is happening in the Congo"
11407:
11376:
11339:from the original on 3 July 2010
11325:
11299:
11277:
11251:
11149:
11122:
11095:
11083:from the original on 14 May 2013
11069:
11043:
10987:
10957:
10927:
10879:
10848:
10822:
10792:
10762:
10743:
10724:
10687:
10661:
10649:from the original on 16 May 2011
10618:from the original on 17 May 2017
10600:
10589:. peacewomen.org. Archived from
10576:
10544:
10524:
10506:
10476:
10458:
10428:
10400:
10370:
10340:
10310:
10280:
10246:
10195:
10175:
10079:
10053:
10023:
9993:
9961:
9929:
9902:
9871:
9811:Overland, Indra (1 March 2019).
9769:
9739:
9709:
9679:
9668:
9638:
9607:
9496:
9484:from the original on 16 May 2012
9470:
9440:
9418:"About Katanga | Pamoja Tujenge"
9410:
9377:
9325:
9287:from the original on 18 May 2024
9261:
9229:
9199:
9168:
9138:
9097:
9056:
9044:from the original on 5 July 2021
9026:
8996:
8984:from the original on 1 June 2020
8955:
8914:
8889:
8877:from the original on 18 May 2021
8863:
8833:
8814:
8795:
8775:
8749:
8649:from the original on 5 June 2018
8294:"thousands flee LRA in DR Congo"
8274:from the original on 30 May 2012
7679:from the original on 11 May 2011
7371:from the original on 1 June 2013
6564:from the original on 18 May 2024
6531:from the original on 10 May 2016
6236:from the original on 8 June 2018
6179:from the original on 18 May 2024
6151:"Foreword by UNDP Administrator"
6108:from the original on 18 May 2021
6075:from the original on 13 May 2021
5969:"The deadliest war in the world"
5860:from the original on 7 July 2021
5797:from the original on 18 May 2024
5689:
5680:
5676:République démocratique du Congo
5610:
5069:rate in the world. According to
4431:
4421:
4394:
4384:
4236:
4155:Lubumbashi International Airport
4148:Kinshasa's international airport
3071:species: the common chimpanzee (
2538:
1664:and the German colonial army in
1375:
1368:. Most of the remnants of their
886:second-largest country in Africa
884:. By land area the Congo is the
866:Democratic Republic of the Congo
750:
749:
724:
706:
705:
691:
690:
662:
661:
647:
646:
599:
147:
100:
86:
15842:Southern African Customs Union
13774:Makumeno, Emery (1 July 2022).
13559:Culture and Customs of Tanzania
13425:Bauer, George (24 April 2016).
13052:UNEP – UN Environment Programme
12941:. Cia.gov. 2010. Archived from
12747:. Cia.gov. 2012. Archived from
12516:from the original on 9 May 2019
12486:from the original on 9 May 2019
12426:from the original on 9 May 2019
12205:. Pew Forum. 18 December 2012.
10105:from the original on 9 May 2016
8688:
8628:
8598:
8578:
8548:
8518:
8458:
8442:. Africa News. 15 August 2019.
8432:
8409:
8390:
8359:
8345:Butty, James (21 January 2010)
8339:
8316:
8286:
8255:
8225:
8195:
8179:. United Nations. 10 May 2013.
8139:
8109:
8079:
8049:
8029:Gouby, Melanie (4 April 2012).
8022:
7996:
7920:
7890:
7859:
7829:
7799:
7782:
7752:
7716:
7711:"Zaire's Mobutu Visits America"
7703:
7665:
7598:
7539:
7500:
7470:
7440:
7415:
7383:
7357:
7327:
7303:
7294:
7224:
7191:
7178:
7117:
7013:
6970:
6944:
6680:from the original on 8 May 2023
6517:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
6504:
6492:from the original on 5 May 2016
6462:
6443:(1746). James Hingston Tuckey,
6433:
6426:Jean-Jacques Arthur Malu-Malu,
6420:
6407:
6394:
6341:
6302:
6275:
6248:
6217:
6190:
6143:
6087:
5998:Bavier, Joe (22 January 2008).
5991:
5967:Robinson, Simon (28 May 2006).
5148:amongst the people of the DRC.
4195:
4183:Société nationale d'électricité
3921:production. Diamonds come from
3698:
3583:Conseil Supérieur de la Défense
2549:needs additional citations for
2262:United Nations Security Council
2184:Continued conflicts (2008–2018)
2060:dissolution of the Soviet Union
1920:took over in quick succession.
1854:Shortly after independence the
1815:, of the Alliance des Bakongo (
1775:, first democratically elected
1757:, first democratically elected
1249:. With the promulgation of the
17092:International Francophonie Day
14536:Colonial governors (1885–1960)
13665:Kabwe, Jason (15 March 2013).
13504:Site de miziki-ya-congo !
13097:Yamusangie, Frederick (2003).
12964:"Democratic Republic of Congo"
12909:"Democratic Republic of Congo"
12416:"Street Children in D.R.Congo"
12031:. 10 July 2021. Archived from
9175:AfricaNews (9 February 2022).
7709:Johns, Michael (29 June 1989)
7423:"The Assassination of Lumumba"
6830:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113844
6773:Thom, William G. (Fall 1999).
6550:Gjelten, Tom (28 April 2007).
6368:. Scarecrow Press. p. i.
6037:International Rescue Committee
5902:
5783:
5665:
5648:
5433:Newspapers of the DRC include
4786:Demographic and Health Surveys
2618:The DRC is located in central
2505:the 2023 presidential election
1026:, and the seizure of power by
963:ruled around the mouth of the
493:Admitted to the United Nations
13:
1:
16489:United States of Latin Africa
16183:Rural Economy and Agriculture
15960:Organisation of African Unity
12802:. World Health Organization.
12327:"Structured View of Dioceses"
12096:Lu, Marcus (31 August 2024).
11146:, BBC News. 16 November 2006.
10889:. Al Jazeera. 15 April 2010.
10759:. justice.gov. 17 April 2012.
10274:The Corruption Notebooks 2006
8962:Maclean, Ruth (1 June 2020).
8911:. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
8324:"Orphaned, Raped and Ignored"
7132:. Vol. 62, no. 10.
7126:"Belgium's Heart of Darkness"
6979:African Archaeological Review
6447:(1818). "Congo River, called
6224:Robyn Dixon (12 April 2018).
5909:Van Reybrouck, David (2015).
5702:
5536:Stade Frederic Kibassa Maliba
5235:orchestra performing live at
5150:Frederick Kambemba Yamusangie
5136:
4818:. It is often referred to as
4816:Church of Christ in the Congo
4216:
4095:Trans-African Highway network
3641:
3159:legislature, consisting of a
2936:Biodiversity and conservation
2876:, industrial and gem-quality
2807:(Stanley Pool). Kinshasa and
2300:who claimed to represent the
1858:mutinied, and on 11 July the
1606:1908 photograph of a married
1278:adaptation of a Kikongo word
1174:Comité d'études du haut Congo
1034:. Mobutu renamed the country
16346:United States military bases
16342:United States Africa Command
14617:M23 offensive (2022–present)
14590:Second Congo War (1998–2003)
14565:Congo-Léopoldville (1960–65)
14541:Congo Free State (1885–1908)
13598:Culture and Customs of Kenya
12378:Democratic Republic of Congo
12203:"Global Religious Landscape"
8635:Jason Burke (3 April 2018).
8567:BBC DR Congo country profile
8466:"The Nobel Peace Prize 2018"
8356:, VOA News, 21 January 2010.
7796:, Vol. XIX No. 2, Fall 1999.
7231:Philippe Brousmiche (2010).
7188:, Brussels: Editions Racine.
7124:Tim Stanley (October 2012).
7020:The East African slave trade
6700:Weigert, Stephen L. (2011).
6455:by the natives" John Purdy,
6197:Samir Tounsi (6 June 2018).
5530:, basketball, baseball, and
5397:Quartier Latin International
5027:Global Alliance for Vaccines
5019:General Hospital of Kinshasa
4926:
4663:
4608:
4065:on a newly refurbished line.
3885:Corruption Perceptions Index
3671:international asset recovery
3000:species, such as the common
2529:
2498:allegations of a coup d'état
2477:beginning on 19 April 2021.
2373:, violence increased in the
2035:, and Coquilhatville became
1793:Mouvement National Congolais
1442:Congo Free State (1877–1908)
1149:
1112:continued internal conflicts
1068:peaceful transition of power
1038:in 1971 and imposed a harsh
7:
16848:French Community of Belgium
16173:HR, Sciences and Technology
14732:Foreign policy under Mobutu
14449:Geographic data related to
14394:Central Intelligence Agency
14218:Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges,
14029:. New York: PublicAffairs.
13305:www.redbullmusicacademy.com
13206:(in French). Archived from
13123:"Rais Neza Boneza's Baraza"
12543:. USA today. Archived from
12535:Harris, Dan (21 May 2009).
11641:Yee, Amy (30 August 2017).
11191:. University of Innsbruck.
10887:"Rapes 'surge' in DR Congo"
8556:BBC Newshour, Feb. 15, 2018
7582:. Encyclopædia Britannica.
6905:Committee on Ways and Means
6779:Journal of Conflict Studies
6315:. James Currey Publishers.
5832:International Monetary Fund
5603:
5029:, a new vaccine to prevent
4775:Our Lady of Peace Cathedral
4745:
3939:International Monetary Fund
3538:
3008:(or pygmy chimpanzee), the
2298:Union of Congolese Patriots
2170:first multi-party elections
2145:, led by Congolese warlord
1803:. Lumumba became the first
1705:Belgian government in exile
1543:chief Mata-Buiké in c. 1888
1493:, mainly from Arab–Swahili
1282:("river"), a truncation of
1056:human rights in the country
504:• Democratic Republic
10:
17281:
16427:African Economic Community
16232:Peace and Security Council
15939:African and Malagasy Union
14575:State of Katanga (1960–63)
14243:, 2011 (also published as
14206:Africa: Dawn of a New Era,
13813:. Courrier International.
13811:Courrierinternational.com/
13634:AfroConex (9 March 2023).
13365:"The Legendary Papa Wemba"
12913:www.roadsafetyfacility.org
12110:: CS1 maint: url-status (
11910:"Africa Population (2022)"
11333:"Economic activity in DRC"
10915:Rape As torture in the DRC
10124:Ludwig, Arnold M. (2002).
9841:10.1016/j.erss.2018.10.018
9512:. April 2016. April 2016.
8500:PGW Global Risk Management
7080:Cambridge University Press
6746:. 2000. pp. 79, 645.
6611:"DR Congo country profile"
6163:10.18356/9789210019293c001
6140:Retrieved 9 December 2017.
5658:by its speakers – not the
5515:
5504:
5500:
5443:Radion Télévision Mwangaza
5426:
5170:
5164:
5109:
5105:
4998:
4992:
4930:
4749:
4667:
4420:
4383:
4345:
4205:
4199:
4170:
4164:
4046:
4040:
3894:
3836:
3830:
3826:
3720:
3714:
3645:
3627:
3542:
3440:
3243:
3219:
3209:
3129:
2996:, including many rare and
2953:
2939:
2607:
2187:
2077:
1950:
1936:Armée Nationale Congolaise
1734:
1713:Allied campaigns in Africa
1595:
1535:Congo Free State official
1455:
1445:
1379:
1353:
1349:
1153:
339:semi-presidential republic
42:
31:
17250:Central African countries
17235:Least developed countries
17146:
17125:
17074:
17048:
17028:
16902:
16866:
16841:National/regional members
16840:
16569:
16560:
16502:
16471:
16450:
16402:
16365:
16352:United States ambassadors
16312:
16303:
16283:
16230:
16204:
16168:Social Affairs and Health
16163:Infrastructure and Energy
16143:
16125:
16097:
16064:
16046:
16023:
16014:
15981:
15909:
15826:
15796:
15775:
15768:
15682:
15609:
15589:
15558:
15537:
15516:
15495:
15484:
15468:
15452:
15439:
15407:
15396:
15114:
15104:Countries and territories
15070:
15065:Links to related articles
15021:
14969:
14901:
14892:
14835:
14826:
14702:
14693:
14636:
14627:
14585:First Congo War (1996–98)
14516:
14054:St. Martin's Press, 2002.
13805:International, Courrier.
12973:. scalingupnutrition.org.
11848:The Sydney Morning Herald
11363:21 September 2013 at the
10258:23 September 2015 at the
10188:25 September 2022 at the
9592:10.1016/j.cub.2004.05.006
8397:"IHL and Sexual Violence"
7391:Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges
7259:– via Google Books.
7198:Meredith, Martin (2005).
7186:Congo: Mythes et réalités
6710:. pp. PT122, PT157.
6470:Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges
5511:
5316:dance movements from the
5096:World Health Organization
4988:
4863:The first members of the
4160:
4102:Tripoli–Cape Town Highway
4033:and habitat destruction.
3890:
3853:Central Bank of the Congo
3793:Female genital mutilation
3655:economic collapse in 1996
3636:Congolese National Police
3624:Law enforcement and crime
3030:southern white rhinoceros
2488:, and his bodyguard were
2367:Norwegian Refugee Council
1940:constitutional referendum
1892:resulted in the death of
1881:On 14 September, Colonel
1592:Belgian Congo (1908–1960)
1448:Colonisation of the Congo
1076:ongoing military conflict
1066:, in the country's first
987:. From 1885 to 1908, his
942:Cabinda exclave of Angola
890:11th-largest in the world
850:
838:
826:
816:
808:
784:
769:
739:
714:
699:
684:
670:
655:
640:
622:
612:
593:
586:
576:
562:
555:
551:
538:
525:
512:
502:
489:
472:
459:
446:
433:
429:
422:
407:
392:
382:
378:
363:
348:
344:
333:
318:
276:
243:
233:
189:
163:
136:
130:
121:
116:
82:
52:
27:Country in Central Africa
16637:Central African Republic
16127:African Court of Justice
15924:Decolonisation of Africa
15164:Central African Republic
14707:Administrative divisions
14181:; Mwakikagile, Godfrey,
13456:Trillo, Richard (2002).
12380:. Retrieved 25 May 2007.
12007:16 December 2021 at the
11335:. Research and Markets.
10857:"Rape in a lawless land"
10736:29 November 2014 at the
10537:26 December 2016 at the
10272:Werve, Jonathan (2006).
10228:New York Review of Books
9565:Vigilant, Linda (2004).
9391:. Reuters. 19 May 2024.
9339:(in French). 19 May 2024
8901:11 February 2020 at the
8788:10 February 2019 at the
8759:. BBC. 10 January 2019.
8421:22 December 2015 at the
7611:New York Review of Books
7316:16 December 2014 at the
7237:(in French). Harmattan.
6309:Anderson, David (2000).
5854:"GINI index coefficient"
5641:
5422:
5413:Wenge Musica Maison Mére
5308:rhythmic influence, and
5160:
5049:in DRC surpassed 1,000.
3753:U.S. Department of Labor
3206:Administrative divisions
3101:World Conservation Union
2628:Central African Republic
2031:, Elisabethville became
1821:Parti Solidaire Africain
1725:Auguste-Eduard Gilliaert
1474:Station and Port in 1884
1040:personalist dictatorship
906:Central African Republic
618:48/km (124.3/sq mi)
63:République démocratique
17097:Jeux de la Francophonie
16494:East African Federation
16484:United States of Africa
16222:African Investment Bank
14612:M23 rebellion (2012–13)
14553:Belgian Congo (1908–60)
14420:considered for deletion
14298:, Public Affairs, 2011.
13868:6 February 2013 at the
13699:Best Music Writing 2008
13307:. Paris, France. 2015.
12773:. IRIN. 28 April 2008.
12613:25 October 2011 at the
11142:2 December 2010 at the
10832:. IRIN. 1 August 2007.
10740:. brighamandwomens.org.
10608:"OHCHR | Africa Region"
8826:22 January 2019 at the
8595:Retrieved 9 March 2018.
8586:Al Jazeera News website
7698:Young & Turner 2013
7660:Young & Turner 2013
7648:Young & Turner 2013
7636:Young & Turner 2013
7184:Stengers, Jean (2005),
7025:6 December 2013 at the
6991:10.1023/A:1021659928822
6739:Worldmark Yearbook 2000
6706:(electronic ed.).
4870:Baháʼí House of Worship
4097:pass through DR Congo:
3965:Collecting firewood in
3955:Human Development Index
3707:A group of demobilized
3126:Government and politics
3010:African forest elephant
2327:400,000 women are raped
2222:Government troops near
2166:transitional government
2107:and the ascension of a
2099:By 1996, following the
1970:opposition to communism
1906:assistance of UN forces
1801:parliamentary elections
1382:Early Congolese history
1294:seems to have replaced
1251:Luluabourg Constitution
1100:least developed country
1096:Human Development Index
234:Official languages
17087:UN French Language Day
16920:Bosnia and Herzegovina
16205:Financial institutions
16196:Cross-Cutting Programs
16099:Pan-African Parliament
14570:Congo Crisis (1960–65)
14531:Colonization (1867–85)
14473:. Stanford University.
14169:Mwakikagile, Godfrey,
14066:15 August 2011 at the
12332:Catholic-Hierarchy.org
11467:, South Africa, 2013,
11106:. Theotcinvestor.com.
11053:. Thefreelibrary.com.
10671:. BBC. 28 April 2010.
9536:"Gorillas on Thin Ice"
7507:Abbott, Peter (2014).
7067:Fage, John D. (1982).
5941:(Report). p. 26.
5675:
5583:African Cup of Nations
5549:and football players.
5435:
5345:
5239:
5146:national consciousness
5125:
5010:
4942:
4860:
4781:
4767:
4679:
4618:
4269:
4226:
4078:
4066:
3998:Katanga Mining Limited
3970:
3958:
3906:
3881:nominal GDP per capita
3848:
3778:Violence against women
3712:
3667:statute of limitations
3554:
3460:
3249:
3144:
3054:Okapi Wildlife Reserve
3050:Virunga National Parks
2989:
2973:
2834:
2768:
2724:
2654:, to the southwest by
2630:, to the northeast by
2626:, to the north by the
2605:
2597:
2473:in March 2020, with a
2459:major measles outbreak
2443:Ebola outbreak in Kivu
2432:On 30 December 2018 a
2429:
2338:for his effort to end
2314:Lord's Resistance Army
2231:
2215:
2180:
2096:
2023:
2018:Mobutu with the Dutch
1965:
1929:Operation Dragon Rouge
1890:plane crash near Ndola
1788:
1765:
1711:again participated in
1684:after heavy fighting.
1635:
1611:
1580:at Boma in the Congo,
1544:
1475:
1399:
1136:
1020:secessionist movements
62:
16797:São Tomé and Príncipe
16657:Republic of the Congo
16245:African Standby Force
16217:African Monetary Fund
15850:Common Monetary Area
15325:São Tomé and Príncipe
15184:Republic of the Congo
14404:UCB Libraries GovPubs
14195:Congo in The Sixties,
13893:. 12 September 2021.
11794:, Population Division
11765:, Population Division
11421:on 30 September 2011.
11162:17 March 2008 at the
11131:is a major source of
10755:14 April 2014 at the
10596:on 25 September 2007.
10352:The Africa Report.com
10208:27 March 2024 at the
10007:. 28 September 2021.
8672:. AFP. Archived from
8300:. 25 September 2008.
7074:18 March 2015 at the
7051:19 March 2012 at the
6645:. 15 September 2017.
5596:that competed at the
5585:football tournament.
5516:Further information:
5489:, a web-based daily.
5340:
5260:Antoine Wendo Kolosoy
5227:
5171:Further information:
5119:
5008:
4940:
4917:enfants dits sorciers
4857:Roman Catholic Church
4855:
4820:the Protestant Church
4773:
4759:
4677:
4616:
4267:
4224:
4206:Further information:
4171:Further information:
4112:Lagos–Mombasa Highway
4076:
4056:
4047:Further information:
4023:lithium-ion batteries
3964:
3952:
3904:
3846:
3801:UN Special Rapporteur
3721:Further information:
3706:
3552:
3511:In the 21st century,
3450:
3429:Haut-Katanga Province
3248:
3220:Further information:
3139:
3120:Congolian rainforests
3058:Megadiverse countries
2982:Congolian rainforests
2979:
2970:Virunga National Park
2963:
2954:Further information:
2825:
2766:
2720:
2624:Republic of the Congo
2603:
2595:
2415:Republic of the Congo
2408:
2318:Garamba National Park
2292:occurred between the
2278:Gédéon Kyungu Mutanga
2221:
2205:
2179:Refugees in the Congo
2178:
2124:Laurent-Désiré Kabila
2091:
2017:
1960:
1918:Moise Kapenda Tshombe
1771:
1748:
1670:East African campaign
1628:
1605:
1534:
1497:such as the infamous
1487:Leopold II of Belgium
1469:
1393:
1312:Laurent-Désiré Kabila
1247:Republic of the Congo
1178:Leopold II of Belgium
1154:Further information:
1064:2018 general election
1060:forced disappearances
997:widespread atrocities
981:Leopold II of Belgium
902:Republic of the Congo
578:• Water (%)
34:Republic of the Congo
16894:United Arab Emirates
16212:African Central Bank
14120:HarperCollins, 1998.
14117:The Poisonwood Bible
14100:, 2008. (In German)
13229:Ossinondé, Clément.
12969:2 April 2015 at the
12480:Congo Children Trust
12420:Congo Children Trust
12307:on 24 September 2015
11814:"Zaire – Population"
11733:Open Data for Africa
11595:on 21 September 2013
11295:on 25 November 2009.
11227:. 18 December 2023.
10920:22 July 2014 at the
10520:on 17 February 2008.
10384:. 24 November 2021.
10201:The New York Times,
10037:. 28 November 2021.
9652:. 11 November 2022.
9245:. 25 December 2023.
9213:. 13 February 2022.
8905:(21 November 2019).
8807:5 March 2019 at the
8591:9 March 2018 at the
8572:29 July 2018 at the
8561:5 March 2018 at the
8532:. 27 November 2016.
8352:2 April 2015 at the
8329:25 June 2017 at the
8093:. 20 November 2012.
7104:King Leopold's Ghost
6865:University of Denver
6511:Yusuf, A.A. (1998).
6413:Ghislain C. Kabwit,
5086:World Food Programme
5031:pneumococcal disease
4905:Congo Children Trust
4901:Congo Children Trust
4796:estimate, while the
4118:Beira–Lobito Highway
3877:food-price inflation
3820:Freedom from Torture
3517:treatment of Uyghurs
3465:developing countries
3455:with U.S. President
3189:Constitutional Court
3034:World Heritage Sites
2911:On 17 January 2002,
2558:improve this article
2475:vaccination campaign
2418:Denis Sassou Nguesso
2394:Makotimpoko District
2282:Mai Mai Kata Katanga
2092:Belligerents of the
1986:political repression
1785:Katangan separatists
1723:under Major-General
1518:Conference of Berlin
1483:Henry Morton Stanley
1120:Non-Aligned Movement
1098:and is classed as a
946:South Atlantic Ocean
868:, also known as the
595:• 2024 estimate
542:Current constitution
145:("Arise, Congolese")
54:Democratic Republic
45:DRC (disambiguation)
17265:Countries in Africa
17187: /
17133:Francophone economy
15797:Secretaries-General
15581:Plazas de soberanía
15485:African territories
15425:unclear sovereignty
15410:States with limited
14232:O'Hanlon, Redmond,
14225:O'Hanlon, Redmond,
14112:Kingsolver, Barbara
13851:Stanford University
13506:(in French). 2018.
13125:. 17 October 2018.
12860:The Washington Post
12751:on 16 February 2015
12372:Sources quoted are
11988:25 May 2013 at the
11820:. 8 November 2004.
11500:on 22 November 2018
10643:The Washington Post
10354:. 7 December 2021.
10224:"Rape of the Congo"
9977:. 27 October 2021.
9832:2019ERSS...49...36O
9783:. 10 January 2015.
9583:2004CBio...14.R369V
9422:pamojasolutions.org
9126:on 28 December 2021
9085:on 28 December 2021
8845:Journal du Cameroun
8737:on 14 February 2019
8676:on 14 February 2019
8612:. 4 December 2017.
8209:. 5 November 2013.
8123:. 17 October 2012.
8063:. 1 December 2012.
8010:on 30 November 2012
7904:. 19 January 2001.
7607:"Rape of the Congo"
7454:. 21 January 2011.
7276:The Washington Post
6822:2019ApEn..25513844B
6312:Africa's Urban Past
6136:31 May 2018 at the
5540:1974 FIFA World Cup
5375:In the late 1980s,
5189:music in Congo was
4968:As a result of the
4915:(child witches) or
4845:. The majority are
4843:Pew Research Center
4794:Pew Research Center
4077:Map of rail network
4009:Later in 2013, the
3986:such as coltan and
3527:by his predecessor
3469:developed countries
3387:Tanganyika Province
3311:Mai-Ndombe Province
3153:democratic republic
2843:African Great Lakes
2678:. It straddles the
2424:due to the ongoing
2420:in 2020; both wear
2390:Mai-Ndombe Province
2198:2018 Yumbi violence
2022:in Kinshasa in 1973
1990:cult of personality
1974:single-party system
1876:invaded South Kasai
1860:province of Katanga
1707:in London, and the
1647:tribunaux indigènes
1479:Belgian exploration
1412:giant river catfish
1394:Arab slave raid on
999:. In 1908, Leopold
894:Francophone country
214: /
17138:Senghor University
16935:Dominican Republic
16463:African Border Day
16178:Trade and Industry
16153:Peace and Security
16145:ECOSOCC Committees
16079:Deputy Chairperson
15489:non-African states
14870:Telecommunications
14717:Court of Cassation
14681:Former place names
14465:Karen Fung (ed.).
14389:The World Factbook
14265:Reyntjens, Filip,
14050:Edgerton, Robert,
14018:, Zed Books, 2013.
14014:Deibert, Michael:
13210:on 28 October 2023
12990:. 12 August 2020.
12719:The New York Times
12547:on 4 November 2012
12374:The World Factbook
12035:on 23 October 2022
12013:Éditions Gallimard
11914:populationstat.com
11879:The World Factbook
11647:The New York Times
11558:. 1 February 2023.
11494:Bernstein Research
11389:The New York Times
10557:. United Nations.
10472:on 12 August 2006.
10212:29 September 1988.
9363:The Indian Express
9110:The New York Times
9069:The New York Times
8970:The New York Times
8929:The New York Times
8402:4 May 2011 at the
8372:The New York Times
8335:The New York Times
8239:. 11 August 2013.
7339:www.heinonline.org
7335:"- HeinOnline.org"
7202:The Fate of Africa
6708:Palgrave Macmillan
6590:Human Rights Watch
5765:The World Factbook
5346:
5280:Tabu Ley Rochereau
5246:bands transformed
5240:
5126:
5067:maternal mortality
5017:(DRC) include the
5011:
4943:
4861:
4798:CIA World Factbook
4782:
4768:
4680:
4624:Great Lakes Region
4619:
4270:
4231:CIA World Factbook
4227:
4079:
4067:
3971:
3959:
3957:scores, 1970–2010.
3907:
3863:(OHADA), in 2009.
3849:
3713:
3669:had run out on an
3561:, consists of the
3555:
3513:Chinese investment
3461:
3250:
3145:
2990:
2974:
2835:
2769:
2725:
2712:Rwenzori Mountains
2620:sub-Saharan Africa
2606:
2598:
2482:Italian ambassador
2430:
2322:The New York Times
2232:
2216:
2210:and rebel groups,
2181:
2162:Ange-Félix Patassé
2097:
2024:
1966:
1789:
1781:Congo-Léopoldville
1766:
1763:Congo-Léopoldville
1666:German East Africa
1636:
1612:
1545:
1506:front organization
1476:
1400:
1108:various civil wars
880:, is a country in
680:2024 estimate
636:2024 estimate
294:traditional faiths
182:Show map of Africa
17170:
17169:
17164:
17163:
17044:
17043:
17029:Suspended members
16867:Associate members
16677:Equatorial Guinea
16520:
16519:
16398:
16397:
16322:Foreign relations
16299:
16298:
16250:Panel of the Wise
16158:Political Affairs
16028:Executive Council
15971:Secretary General
15949:Sirte Declaration
15869:
15868:
15822:
15821:
15788:Kgalema Motlanthe
15641:
15640:
15605:
15604:
15480:
15479:
15200:Equatorial Guinea
15057:
15056:
15017:
15016:
14936:Human trafficking
14888:
14887:
14822:
14821:
14790:Political parties
14783:National Assembly
14727:Foreign relations
14689:
14688:
14370:Official website.
14301:Tayler, Jeffrey,
14289:978-3-8258-0425-1
14279:Schulz, Manfred.
14260:978-1-84277-485-4
14239:Prunier, Gérard,
14191:978-0-9802534-2-9
14179:978-0-9802534-1-2
14164:978-3-8383-4027-2
14106:978-3-17-020781-3
14098:Kohlhammer Verlag
14089:, Atlantic, 2008.
14036:978-1-58648-405-7
13965:978-0-299-10113-8
13887:Damas Sikubwabo (
13748:978-1-316-59470-4
13709:978-0-7867-2612-7
13608:978-0-313-03936-2
13569:979-8-216-06991-1
13469:978-1-85828-859-8
13086:. 15 August 2014.
12676:ICF International
12579:. pp. 41–3.
12568:ICF International
12476:"About the trust"
12401:978-90-5544-554-7
12335:. David M. Cheney
12144:978-2-09-882654-0
12070:978-2-09-882654-0
11956:978-92-9068-567-8
11705:. 18 April 2022.
11373:, 20 August 2013.
10975:on 26 August 2016
10780:on 19 August 2014
10181:Washington Post,
10168:978-0-19-829739-0
10143:978-0-8131-2233-5
10098:978-1-4552-2241-4
9884:Stars and Stripes
9577:(10): R369–R371.
9152:. 22 April 2021.
9010:. 10 April 2021.
8506:on 3 October 2017
8033:. allafrica.com.
7977:978-0-19-753035-1
7841:www.spokesman.com
7788:Thom, William G.
7650:, pp. 61–62.
7574:Payanzo, Ntsomo.
7560:978-0-87073-901-9
7520:978-1-78200-076-1
7408:978-1-84277-053-5
7244:978-2-296-13069-2
6920:978-1-4289-5014-6
6874:978-0-943804-92-7
6619:. 14 April 2023.
6524:978-90-411-1055-8
6485:978-91-7106-538-4
6428:Le Congo Kinshasa
6375:978-0-8108-6325-5
6322:978-0-85255-761-7
6295:978-1-4422-7316-0
6268:978-3-643-13473-8
6230:Los Angeles Times
6172:978-92-1-001929-3
5886:. 19 March 2024.
5579:Dieumerci Mbokani
5507:Congolese cuisine
5304:, reflecting the
5199:Kingdom of Loango
5142:Congolese authors
5055:According to the
4974:Second Congo Wars
4687:official language
4605:
4604:
4334:live in the DRC.
4027:electric vehicles
4019:AllianceBernstein
3984:conflict minerals
3804:GuardianFilms of
3770:same-sex marriage
3497:chemical industry
3437:Foreign relations
3434:
3433:
3165:National Assembly
3122:increased by 5%.
2930:Mount Nyamuragira
2813:Livingstone Falls
2785:East African Rift
2692:Amazon rainforest
2670:, and longitudes
2634:, to the east by
2590:
2589:
2582:
2512:Christian Malanga
2467:COVID-19 pandemic
2426:COVID-19 pandemic
2352:Raymond Tshibanda
2336:Nobel Peace Prize
2256:In the resulting
2251:March 23 Movement
2147:Jean-Pierre Bemba
2101:Rwandan Civil War
2056:George H. W. Bush
2041:Republic of Zaire
1841:Republic of Congo
1693:League of Nations
1567:sleeping sickness
1537:Camille Coquilhat
1245:, officially the
1236:Republic of Zaire
1195:inhabitants, the
1180:in 1876, and the
1083:natural resources
989:colonial military
862:
861:
733:medium inequality
701:• Per capita
657:• Per capita
651:$ 160.197 billion
604:109,717,326 (
516:Republic of Zaire
498:20 September 1960
417:National Assembly
156:
16:(Redirected from
17272:
17202:
17201:
17199:
17198:
17197:
17192:
17188:
17185:
17184:
17183:
17180:
17154:
17153:
16567:
16566:
16547:
16540:
16533:
16524:
16523:
16510:
16509:
16422:Development Bank
16310:
16309:
16192:Women and Gender
16188:Economic Affairs
16117:Gallagher Estate
16021:
16020:
15929:Casablanca Group
15896:
15889:
15882:
15873:
15872:
15861:
15853:
15845:
15837:
15773:
15772:
15668:
15661:
15654:
15645:
15644:
15629:
15617:
15616:
15493:
15492:
15450:
15449:
15402:
15196:(partly in Asia)
15116:Sovereign states
15097:
15090:
15083:
15074:
15073:
15061:
15060:
15037:
15030:
14899:
14898:
14860:Franc (currency)
14833:
14832:
14700:
14699:
14634:
14633:
14502:
14495:
14488:
14479:
14478:
14474:
14448:
14447:
14438:
14437:
14423:
14345:
14344:
14325:Wrong, Michela,
14308:Turner, Thomas,
14303:Facing the Congo
14294:Stearns, Jason:
14087:The Rebels' Hour
14045:The Wild Highway
14040:
13992:Clark, John F.,
13981:
13979:
13977:
13939:
13938:
13936:
13934:
13925:. 22 June 2021.
13913:
13907:
13906:
13904:
13902:
13879:
13873:
13860:
13854:
13833:
13827:
13826:
13824:
13822:
13802:
13796:
13795:
13793:
13791:
13780:BBC News Afrique
13771:
13765:
13764:
13762:
13760:
13732:
13726:
13725:
13723:
13721:
13693:
13687:
13686:
13684:
13682:
13667:"Ndombolo Craze"
13662:
13656:
13655:
13653:
13651:
13631:
13625:
13624:
13622:
13620:
13592:
13586:
13585:
13583:
13581:
13553:
13547:
13546:
13544:
13542:
13535:Cameroon Tribune
13526:
13520:
13519:
13517:
13515:
13496:
13490:
13489:
13480:
13474:
13473:
13453:
13447:
13446:
13444:
13442:
13422:
13416:
13415:
13413:
13411:
13391:
13385:
13384:
13382:
13380:
13369:Guyana Chronicle
13361:
13355:
13354:
13352:
13350:
13327:
13321:
13320:
13318:
13316:
13297:
13291:
13290:
13288:
13286:
13266:
13249:
13248:
13246:
13244:
13226:
13220:
13219:
13217:
13215:
13195:
13189:
13188:
13186:
13184:
13168:
13162:
13161:
13159:
13157:
13137:
13131:
13130:
13119:
13113:
13112:
13094:
13088:
13087:
13074:
13068:
13067:
13065:
13063:
13043:
13037:
13036:
13034:
13032:
13013:
13004:
13003:
13001:
12999:
12980:
12974:
12961:
12955:
12954:
12952:
12950:
12945:on 18 April 2015
12935:
12929:
12928:
12926:
12924:
12905:
12899:
12898:
12896:
12894:
12875:
12869:
12868:
12863:. Archived from
12851:
12845:
12844:
12842:
12840:
12825:
12819:
12818:
12816:
12814:
12808:
12801:
12793:
12787:
12786:
12784:
12782:
12767:
12761:
12760:
12758:
12756:
12741:
12735:
12734:
12732:
12730:
12710:
12704:
12703:
12701:
12699:
12693:
12686:
12671:
12665:
12664:
12662:
12660:
12644:
12638:
12624:
12618:
12606:
12602:
12596:
12595:
12593:
12591:
12585:
12578:
12563:
12557:
12556:
12554:
12552:
12532:
12526:
12525:
12523:
12521:
12502:
12496:
12495:
12493:
12491:
12472:
12466:
12465:
12463:
12461:
12442:
12436:
12435:
12433:
12431:
12412:
12406:
12405:
12387:
12381:
12367:
12361:
12351:
12345:
12344:
12342:
12340:
12323:
12317:
12316:
12314:
12312:
12306:
12300:. Archived from
12299:
12291:
12285:
12284:
12282:
12280:
12274:
12263:
12255:
12249:
12248:
12246:
12244:
12225:
12219:
12218:
12216:
12214:
12199:
12193:
12192:
12190:
12188:
12182:
12175:
12167:
12161:
12160:
12158:
12156:
12147:. Archived from
12125:
12116:
12115:
12109:
12101:
12093:
12087:
12086:
12084:
12082:
12073:. Archived from
12051:
12045:
12044:
12042:
12040:
12025:
12019:
11999:
11993:
11979:
11973:
11972:
11970:
11968:
11941:
11930:
11929:
11927:
11925:
11906:
11900:
11899:
11897:
11895:
11870:
11864:
11863:
11861:
11859:
11840:
11834:
11833:
11831:
11829:
11810:
11804:
11803:
11801:
11799:
11789:
11781:
11775:
11774:
11772:
11770:
11755:
11749:
11748:
11746:
11744:
11725:
11719:
11718:
11716:
11714:
11699:
11693:
11692:
11690:
11688:
11669:
11663:
11662:
11660:
11658:
11638:
11632:
11631:
11629:
11627:
11614:Vandiver, John.
11611:
11605:
11604:
11602:
11600:
11594:
11587:
11578:
11572:
11566:
11560:
11559:
11546:
11540:
11539:
11537:
11535:
11516:
11510:
11509:
11507:
11505:
11486:
11480:
11479:
11478:
11476:
11455:
11449:
11448:
11446:
11444:
11429:
11423:
11422:
11417:. Archived from
11411:
11405:
11404:
11402:
11400:
11380:
11374:
11355:
11349:
11348:
11346:
11344:
11329:
11323:
11322:
11320:
11318:
11303:
11297:
11296:
11289:societecivile.cd
11281:
11275:
11274:
11272:
11270:
11255:
11249:
11248:
11246:
11244:
11217:
11208:
11207:
11205:
11203:
11197:
11186:
11177:
11171:
11153:
11147:
11126:
11120:
11119:
11117:
11115:
11099:
11093:
11092:
11090:
11088:
11073:
11067:
11066:
11064:
11062:
11047:
11041:
11040:
11038:
11036:
11021:
11015:
11014:
11012:
11010:
10991:
10985:
10984:
10982:
10980:
10971:. Archived from
10961:
10955:
10954:
10952:
10950:
10941:. 15 June 2015.
10931:
10925:
10912:
10903:
10902:
10900:
10898:
10883:
10877:
10876:
10874:
10872:
10852:
10846:
10845:
10843:
10841:
10826:
10820:
10819:
10813:
10811:
10796:
10790:
10789:
10787:
10785:
10766:
10760:
10747:
10741:
10728:
10722:
10721:
10719:
10717:
10711:
10700:
10691:
10685:
10684:
10682:
10680:
10665:
10659:
10658:
10656:
10654:
10634:
10628:
10627:
10625:
10623:
10604:
10598:
10597:
10595:
10588:
10580:
10574:
10573:
10571:
10569:
10563:
10556:
10548:
10542:
10528:
10522:
10521:
10510:
10504:
10503:
10501:
10499:
10480:
10474:
10473:
10468:. Archived from
10462:
10456:
10455:
10453:
10451:
10432:
10426:
10425:
10404:
10398:
10397:
10395:
10393:
10374:
10368:
10367:
10365:
10363:
10344:
10338:
10337:
10335:
10333:
10324:. 20 June 2020.
10314:
10308:
10307:
10305:
10303:
10284:
10278:
10277:
10269:
10263:
10250:
10244:
10243:
10241:
10239:
10219:
10213:
10199:
10193:
10179:
10173:
10172:
10154:
10148:
10147:
10131:
10121:
10115:
10114:
10112:
10110:
10083:
10077:
10076:
10074:
10072:
10057:
10051:
10050:
10048:
10046:
10027:
10021:
10020:
10018:
10016:
9997:
9991:
9990:
9988:
9986:
9974:The Conversation
9965:
9959:
9958:
9956:
9954:
9945:. 15 July 2019.
9933:
9927:
9926:
9924:
9922:
9909:Vandiver, John.
9906:
9900:
9899:
9897:
9895:
9878:Vandiver, John.
9875:
9869:
9868:
9866:
9864:
9858:
9843:
9817:
9808:
9797:
9796:
9794:
9792:
9773:
9767:
9766:
9764:
9762:
9743:
9737:
9736:
9734:
9732:
9713:
9707:
9706:
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9197:
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9172:
9166:
9165:
9163:
9161:
9150:The East African
9142:
9136:
9135:
9133:
9131:
9125:
9120:. Archived from
9101:
9095:
9094:
9092:
9090:
9084:
9079:. Archived from
9060:
9054:
9053:
9051:
9049:
9030:
9024:
9023:
9021:
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9000:
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8882:
8867:
8861:
8860:
8858:
8856:
8851:on 17 April 2020
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7591:
7571:
7565:
7564:
7547:Kanza, Thomas R.
7543:
7537:
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7532:
7504:
7498:
7497:
7495:
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7484:. 23 June 2010.
7474:
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7311:Jungle Shipwreck
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7099:Hochschild, Adam
7096:
7090:
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7056:
7041:Keyes, Michael.
7039:
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6400:Forbath, Peter.
6398:
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6147:
6141:
6131:BBC News website
6127:
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6101:Associated Press
6091:
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5924:
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5900:
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5897:
5895:
5876:
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5869:
5867:
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5856:. CIA Factbook.
5850:
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5652:
5620:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5594:beach volleyball
5563:Jonathan Kuminga
5559:Christian Eyenga
5469:
5456:
5440:
5284:Papa Noel Nedule
5213:, a bottle as a
5155:Rais Neza Boneza
5057:World Bank Group
5023:infant mortality
4913:enfants sorciers
4893:ancestor worship
4872:in the country.
4635:informal economy
4435:
4425:
4398:
4388:
4355:
4343:
4342:
4025:that power many
3975:artisanal mining
3927:Katanga Province
3560:
3521:Félix Tshisekedi
3415:Lualaba Province
3241:
3240:
3085:Gorilla beringei
3014:mountain gorilla
2966:mountain gorilla
2913:Mount Nyiragongo
2880:, gold, silver,
2815:, and runs past
2729:tropical climate
2722:Ituri Rainforest
2688:Congo rainforest
2585:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2565:
2542:
2534:
2520:Félix Tshisekedi
2438:Félix Tshisekedi
2434:general election
2411:Félix Tshisekedi
2334:was awarded the
2115:militia forces (
2094:Second Congo War
2084:Second Congo War
2058:. Following the
1962:Mobutu Sese Seko
1894:Dag Hammarskjöld
1809:Joseph Kasa-Vubu
1755:Joseph Kasa-Vubu
1522:Congo Free State
1452:Congo Free State
1386:Kingdom of Kongo
1316:Congo (Kinshasa)
1259:Mobutu Sese Seko
1224:Congo Free State
1189:Kingdom of Kongo
1141:
1072:Félix Tshisekedi
1048:Second Congo War
1032:1965 coup d'état
1028:Mobutu Sese Seko
985:Congo Free State
961:Kingdom of Kongo
951:Centered on the
795:
794:
760:
759:
753:
752:
746:
735:
734:
728:
727:
721:
709:
708:
695:$ 73.761 billion
694:
693:
677:
665:
664:
650:
649:
633:
603:
602:
547:18 February 2006
468:15 November 1908
450:Congo Free State
442:17 November 1879
358:Félix Tshisekedi
328:
246:
229:
228:
226:
225:
224:
219:
218:4.317°S 15.317°E
215:
212:
211:
210:
207:
192:and largest city
183:
180:
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170:
158:
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143:
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139:Debout Congolais
124:
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21:
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17082:French language
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16836:
16732:North Macedonia
16556:
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15529:Pelagie Islands
15512:
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15013:
15009:Public holidays
14965:
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14756:Law enforcement
14685:
14623:
14580:Zaire (1965–97)
14512:
14506:
14464:
14445:
14435:
14408:
14375:Country Profile
14366:
14365:
14364:
14346:
14342:
14337:
14332:
14272:Rorison, Sean,
14068:Wayback Machine
14037:
14021:
13988:
13986:Further reading
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13485:Ethnomusicology
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13275:Music in Africa
13267:
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13223:
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13146:Music In Africa
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12687:. p. XXV.
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12615:Wayback Machine
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12009:Wayback Machine
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11996:
11990:Wayback Machine
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11850:. 23 May 2003.
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11618:. Stripes.com.
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11168:Financial Times
11164:Wayback Machine
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10922:Wayback Machine
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10802:. 2 July 2007.
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10757:Wayback Machine
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10539:Wayback Machine
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10429:
10422:
10408:Drumbl, Mark A.
10405:
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10260:Wayback Machine
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10210:Wayback Machine
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10192:2 October 1991.
10190:Wayback Machine
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9913:. Stripes.com.
9907:
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9747:"Member States"
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9691:ConstitutionNet
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9571:Current Biology
9563:
9559:
9549:
9547:
9534:
9533:
9529:
9519:
9517:
9502:
9501:
9497:
9487:
9485:
9476:
9475:
9471:
9461:
9459:
9452:Volcanolive.com
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9300:
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9288:
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9230:
9220:
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9205:
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9200:
9190:
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9173:
9169:
9159:
9157:
9144:
9143:
9139:
9129:
9127:
9102:
9098:
9088:
9086:
9061:
9057:
9047:
9045:
9040:. 10 May 2021.
9032:
9031:
9027:
9017:
9015:
9002:
9001:
8997:
8987:
8985:
8960:
8956:
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8903:Wayback Machine
8894:
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8864:
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8828:Wayback Machine
8819:
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8809:Wayback Machine
8800:
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8708:
8693:
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8679:
8677:
8666:
8662:
8652:
8650:
8642:TheGuardian.com
8633:
8629:
8619:
8617:
8604:
8603:
8599:
8593:Wayback Machine
8583:
8579:
8574:Wayback Machine
8563:Wayback Machine
8553:
8549:
8539:
8537:
8530:modernghana.com
8524:
8523:
8519:
8509:
8507:
8494:
8493:
8489:
8479:
8477:
8464:
8463:
8459:
8449:
8447:
8438:
8437:
8433:
8427:The Independent
8423:Wayback Machine
8414:
8410:
8404:Wayback Machine
8395:
8391:
8381:
8379:
8364:
8360:
8354:Wayback Machine
8344:
8340:
8331:Wayback Machine
8321:
8317:
8307:
8305:
8292:
8291:
8287:
8277:
8275:
8260:
8256:
8246:
8244:
8231:
8230:
8226:
8216:
8214:
8201:
8200:
8196:
8186:
8184:
8175:
8174:
8170:
8160:
8158:
8153:. 4 June 2012.
8145:
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8130:
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8115:
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8110:
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8084:
8080:
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7987:
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7909:
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7891:
7881:
7879:
7864:
7860:
7850:
7848:
7835:
7834:
7830:
7820:
7818:
7811:edition.cnn.com
7805:
7804:
7800:
7787:
7783:
7773:
7771:
7764:edition.cnn.com
7758:
7757:
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7726:
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7708:
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7642:
7634:
7630:
7620:
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7603:
7599:
7589:
7587:
7572:
7568:
7561:
7544:
7540:
7530:
7528:
7521:
7505:
7501:
7491:
7489:
7482:The Independent
7476:
7475:
7471:
7461:
7459:
7446:
7445:
7441:
7431:
7429:
7421:
7420:
7416:
7409:
7388:
7384:
7374:
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7363:
7362:
7358:
7348:
7346:
7333:
7332:
7328:
7324:, 25 July 1960.
7318:Wayback Machine
7308:
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7183:
7179:
7169:
7167:
7154:
7153:
7149:
7139:
7137:
7122:
7118:
7097:
7093:
7076:Wayback Machine
7066:
7059:
7055:September 2004.
7053:Wayback Machine
7040:
7033:
7027:Wayback Machine
7018:
7014:
6975:
6971:
6961:
6959:
6958:on 2 March 2015
6950:
6949:
6945:
6930:
6928:
6921:
6884:
6882:
6875:
6847:
6845:
6792:
6790:
6763:
6761:
6754:
6742:. Vol. 1.
6736:
6727:
6725:
6718:
6697:
6693:
6683:
6681:
6672:
6671:
6664:
6652:
6650:
6635:
6626:
6624:
6609:
6600:
6598:
6583:
6581:
6577:
6567:
6565:
6548:
6544:
6534:
6532:
6525:
6509:
6505:
6495:
6493:
6486:
6467:
6463:
6459:, 1822, p. 112.
6438:
6434:
6425:
6421:
6412:
6408:
6402:The River Congo
6399:
6395:
6385:
6383:
6376:
6360:
6351:
6346:
6342:
6332:
6330:
6323:
6307:
6303:
6296:
6280:
6276:
6269:
6253:
6249:
6239:
6237:
6222:
6218:
6208:
6206:
6195:
6191:
6182:
6180:
6173:
6149:
6148:
6144:
6138:Wayback Machine
6128:
6121:
6111:
6109:
6092:
6088:
6078:
6076:
6067:
6066:
6059:
6049:
6047:
6043:
6032:
6028:
6027:
6023:
6013:
6011:
5996:
5992:
5982:
5980:
5965:
5961:
5951:
5949:
5945:
5938:
5932:
5928:
5921:
5907:
5903:
5893:
5891:
5878:
5877:
5873:
5863:
5861:
5852:
5851:
5847:
5837:
5835:
5834:. 10 April 2024
5822:
5821:
5810:
5800:
5798:
5789:
5788:
5784:
5774:
5772:
5757:
5740:
5730:
5728:
5723:. 2 June 2022.
5715:
5714:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5699:
5694:
5690:
5685:
5681:
5670:
5666:
5656:Kikongo ya leta
5653:
5649:
5644:
5616:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5575:Yannick Bolasie
5567:Emmanuel Mudiay
5555:Bismack Biyombo
5551:Dikembe Mutombo
5524:
5514:
5509:
5503:
5463:
5450:
5431:
5425:
5407:, Exra Musica,
5252:Congolese rumba
5187:partnered dance
5183:
5173:Congolese rumba
5169:
5163:
5139:
5114:
5108:
5100:life expectancy
5063:Maternal health
5003:
4997:
4991:
4935:
4929:
4754:
4748:
4672:
4666:
4611:
4606:
4436:
4430:
4426:
4399:
4393:
4389:
4357:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4340:
4239:
4219:
4214:
4204:
4198:
4175:
4169:
4163:
4051:
4045:
4039:
3979:informal sector
3899:
3893:
3857:Congolese franc
3841:
3835:
3829:
3737:
3719:
3701:
3663:Adam Hochschild
3650:
3644:
3632:
3626:
3593:in the eastern
3547:
3541:
3489:magnetic alloys
3483:, used to make
3445:
3439:
3367:Lomami Province
3224:
3218:
3210:Main articles:
3208:
3134:
3128:
3093:Gorilla gorilla
3089:western gorilla
3081:eastern gorilla
3075:), the bonobo (
3073:Pan troglodytes
2964:The endangered
2958:
2952:
2940:Main articles:
2938:
2859:Lake Tanganyika
2789:Lake Tanganyika
2616:
2608:Main articles:
2586:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2555:
2543:
2532:
2471:reached the DRC
2403:
2264:authorized the
2200:
2188:Main articles:
2186:
2126:, becoming the
2086:
2080:First Congo War
2078:Main articles:
2076:
2020:Prince Bernhard
1955:
1949:
1829:Laurent Mbariko
1825:Antoine Gizenga
1797:Patrice Lumumba
1773:Patrice Lumumba
1743:
1735:Main articles:
1733:
1682:Charles Tombeur
1640:Théophile Wahis
1600:
1594:
1586:Casement Report
1464:
1454:
1446:Main articles:
1444:
1435:Bantu expansion
1404:Semliki harpoon
1388:
1380:Main articles:
1378:
1370:hunter-gatherer
1362:Bantu expansion
1358:
1352:
1261:as part of his
1203:comes from the
1162:
1152:
1044:First Congo War
1024:Patrice Lumumba
1010:Congo achieved
957:Bantu expansion
930:Lake Tanganyika
792:
788:
774:Congolese franc
757:
756:
755:
744:
732:
731:
730:
719:
702:
687:
675:
658:
643:
627:
615:
596:
579:
565:
544:
531:
529:First Congo War
521:27 October 1971
518:
505:
495:
482:
465:
452:
439:
413:
398:
369:
354:
329:
324:
314:
280:
272:
253:Kikongo ya leta
244:
222:
220:
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208:
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203:
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185:
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28:
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5:
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17012:
17007:
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16987:
16982:
16977:
16972:
16967:
16962:
16957:
16952:
16947:
16942:
16937:
16932:
16930:Czech Republic
16927:
16922:
16917:
16912:
16906:
16904:
16900:
16899:
16897:
16896:
16891:
16886:
16881:
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16809:
16804:
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16794:
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16779:
16774:
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16759:
16754:
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16609:
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16500:
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16497:
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16491:
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16468:
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16454:
16452:
16448:
16447:
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16434:
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16419:
16408:
16406:
16400:
16399:
16396:
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16382:
16377:
16371:
16369:
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16362:
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16339:
16334:
16329:
16324:
16319:
16313:
16307:
16301:
16300:
16297:
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16285:
16281:
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16061:
16059:
16058:
16052:
16050:
16044:
16043:
16041:
16040:
16035:
16030:
16024:
16018:
16012:
16011:
16009:
16008:
16003:
15998:
15996:Extreme points
15993:
15987:
15985:
15979:
15978:
15976:
15975:
15974:
15973:
15968:
15956:
15951:
15946:
15941:
15936:
15934:Monrovia Group
15931:
15926:
15921:
15919:Pan-Africanism
15915:
15913:
15907:
15906:
15899:
15898:
15891:
15884:
15876:
15867:
15866:
15864:
15863:
15855:
15847:
15839:
15830:
15828:
15824:
15823:
15820:
15819:
15817:
15816:
15811:
15806:
15800:
15798:
15794:
15793:
15791:
15790:
15785:
15783:Levy Mwanawasa
15779:
15777:
15770:
15766:
15765:
15763:
15762:
15757:
15752:
15747:
15742:
15737:
15732:
15727:
15722:
15717:
15712:
15707:
15702:
15697:
15692:
15686:
15684:
15680:
15679:
15671:
15670:
15663:
15656:
15648:
15639:
15638:
15636:
15635:
15623:
15610:
15607:
15606:
15603:
15602:
15600:
15599:
15593:
15591:
15587:
15586:
15584:
15583:
15578:
15573:
15568:
15566:Canary Islands
15562:
15560:
15556:
15555:
15553:
15552:
15550:Savage Islands
15547:
15541:
15539:
15535:
15534:
15532:
15531:
15526:
15520:
15518:
15514:
15513:
15511:
15510:
15505:
15499:
15497:
15490:
15482:
15481:
15478:
15477:
15472:
15470:
15469:United Kingdom
15466:
15465:
15463:
15462:
15456:
15454:
15447:
15440:
15437:
15436:
15434:
15433:
15428:
15417:
15415:
15408:
15405:
15404:
15397:
15395:
15393:
15392:
15387:
15382:
15377:
15372:
15367:
15362:
15357:
15352:
15347:
15342:
15337:
15332:
15327:
15322:
15317:
15312:
15307:
15302:
15297:
15292:
15287:
15282:
15277:
15272:
15267:
15262:
15257:
15252:
15247:
15242:
15237:
15232:
15227:
15222:
15217:
15212:
15207:
15202:
15197:
15191:
15186:
15181:
15176:
15171:
15166:
15161:
15156:
15151:
15146:
15141:
15136:
15131:
15126:
15120:
15118:
15112:
15111:
15100:
15099:
15092:
15085:
15077:
15071:
15068:
15067:
15055:
15054:
15052:
15051:
15046:
15039:
15038:
15031:
15023:
15022:
15019:
15018:
15015:
15014:
15012:
15011:
15006:
15001:
14996:
14991:
14986:
14981:
14975:
14973:
14967:
14966:
14964:
14963:
14958:
14953:
14948:
14943:
14938:
14933:
14928:
14923:
14918:
14913:
14908:
14906:Child marriage
14902:
14896:
14890:
14889:
14886:
14885:
14883:
14882:
14877:
14872:
14867:
14862:
14857:
14852:
14847:
14842:
14836:
14830:
14824:
14823:
14820:
14819:
14817:
14816:
14815:
14814:
14807:Prime Minister
14804:
14803:
14802:
14792:
14787:
14786:
14785:
14780:
14770:
14769:
14768:
14766:Chief of Staff
14758:
14753:
14752:
14751:
14741:
14736:
14735:
14734:
14724:
14719:
14714:
14709:
14703:
14697:
14691:
14690:
14687:
14686:
14684:
14683:
14678:
14673:
14668:
14663:
14658:
14653:
14648:
14643:
14637:
14631:
14625:
14624:
14622:
14621:
14620:
14619:
14614:
14604:
14603:
14602:
14592:
14587:
14582:
14577:
14572:
14567:
14562:
14561:
14560:
14550:
14549:
14548:
14538:
14533:
14528:
14522:
14520:
14514:
14513:
14511: articles
14505:
14504:
14497:
14490:
14482:
14476:
14475:
14462:
14457:
14442:
14432:
14406:
14397:
14381:
14372:
14347:
14340:
14339:
14338:
14336:
14335:External links
14333:
14331:
14330:
14323:
14313:
14306:
14299:
14292:
14277:
14270:
14263:
14248:
14237:
14230:
14223:
14216:
14213:978-9987160488
14202:978-1448665709
14167:
14156:
14155:. Verso, 2004.
14149:Melvern, Linda
14146:
14135:
14128:
14121:
14109:
14090:
14083:
14080:
14071:
14055:
14048:
14041:
14035:
14019:
14012:
13999:Callaghy, T.,
13997:
13989:
13987:
13984:
13983:
13982:
13964:
13941:
13940:
13908:
13874:
13855:
13828:
13807:"Le Congolais"
13797:
13766:
13747:
13727:
13708:
13688:
13657:
13626:
13607:
13587:
13568:
13548:
13521:
13491:
13475:
13468:
13448:
13417:
13386:
13356:
13322:
13292:
13250:
13221:
13204:Dac-presse.com
13190:
13163:
13132:
13114:
13108:978-0595282944
13107:
13089:
13069:
13038:
13005:
12975:
12956:
12930:
12900:
12870:
12867:on 3 May 2019.
12846:
12835:on 5 June 2015
12820:
12788:
12762:
12736:
12705:
12666:
12639:
12619:
12597:
12558:
12527:
12497:
12467:
12437:
12407:
12400:
12382:
12362:
12346:
12318:
12286:
12266:Dhsprogram.com
12250:
12220:
12194:
12162:
12151:on 2 July 2015
12143:
12117:
12088:
12077:on 2 July 2015
12069:
12046:
12020:
11994:
11974:
11955:
11931:
11901:
11865:
11835:
11805:
11776:
11750:
11720:
11694:
11664:
11633:
11606:
11573:
11561:
11541:
11524:Mining Journal
11511:
11481:
11450:
11424:
11406:
11375:
11350:
11324:
11298:
11276:
11250:
11209:
11172:
11148:
11121:
11094:
11068:
11042:
11016:
10986:
10956:
10926:
10904:
10878:
10847:
10821:
10791:
10761:
10742:
10723:
10703:peacewomen.org
10686:
10660:
10629:
10599:
10575:
10543:
10523:
10505:
10475:
10457:
10427:
10421:978-0199592654
10420:
10399:
10369:
10339:
10309:
10279:
10264:
10245:
10214:
10194:
10174:
10167:
10149:
10142:
10116:
10097:
10078:
10052:
10022:
9992:
9960:
9928:
9901:
9870:
9798:
9768:
9738:
9708:
9678:
9667:
9637:
9606:
9557:
9546:on 18 May 2016
9527:
9495:
9469:
9439:
9409:
9376:
9350:
9324:
9298:
9260:
9228:
9198:
9167:
9137:
9096:
9055:
9025:
8995:
8954:
8913:
8888:
8862:
8832:
8813:
8794:
8774:
8748:
8718:
8687:
8660:
8627:
8597:
8577:
8547:
8517:
8487:
8470:NobelPrize.org
8457:
8431:
8429:, 12 May 2011.
8408:
8389:
8358:
8338:
8315:
8285:
8254:
8224:
8194:
8168:
8138:
8108:
8078:
8048:
8021:
7995:
7976:
7945:
7919:
7889:
7858:
7828:
7798:
7781:
7751:
7715:
7702:
7690:
7664:
7652:
7640:
7628:
7597:
7580:britannica.com
7566:
7559:
7538:
7519:
7499:
7469:
7452:Democracy Now!
7439:
7414:
7407:
7382:
7356:
7326:
7302:
7293:
7262:
7243:
7223:
7216:
7190:
7177:
7160:britannica.com
7147:
7116:
7091:
7057:
7031:
7012:
6969:
6943:
6941:
6940:
6919:
6894:
6873:
6867:. p. 78.
6854:
6809:Applied Energy
6799:
6770:
6752:
6716:
6691:
6662:
6660:
6659:
6633:
6575:
6542:
6523:
6503:
6484:
6461:
6439:James Barbot,
6432:
6419:
6406:
6404:(1977), p. 19.
6393:
6374:
6349:
6340:
6321:
6301:
6294:
6274:
6267:
6247:
6216:
6189:
6171:
6142:
6119:
6086:
6057:
6021:
5990:
5959:
5926:
5919:
5901:
5871:
5845:
5808:
5782:
5738:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5698:
5697:
5688:
5679:
5664:
5660:Kongo language
5646:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5639:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5622:
5621:
5605:
5602:
5513:
5510:
5505:Main article:
5502:
5499:
5487:LeCongolais.CD
5427:Main article:
5424:
5421:
5393:Awilo Longomba
5342:Abeti Masikini
5302:ekonda saccadé
5272:Vicky Longomba
5268:Le Grand Kallé
5165:Main article:
5162:
5159:
5138:
5135:
5110:Main article:
5107:
5104:
5047:Ebola outbreak
4993:Main article:
4990:
4987:
4931:Main article:
4928:
4925:
4834:and Kinshasa.
4826:in the world.
4750:Main article:
4747:
4744:
4731:Force Publique
4668:Main article:
4665:
4662:
4647:asylum-seekers
4610:
4607:
4603:
4602:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4585:
4584:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4567:
4566:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4549:
4548:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4531:
4530:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4495:
4494:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4477:
4476:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4453:Kasai-Oriental
4450:
4445:
4441:
4440:
4419:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4403:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4341:
4339:
4338:Largest cities
4336:
4327:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4238:
4235:
4218:
4215:
4200:Main article:
4197:
4194:
4165:Main article:
4162:
4159:
4130:
4129:
4115:
4109:
4041:Main article:
4038:
4037:Transportation
4035:
3977:occurs in the
3923:Kasaï Province
3895:Main article:
3892:
3889:
3831:Main article:
3828:
3825:
3774:LGBT community
3745:Child soldiers
3715:Main article:
3709:child soldiers
3700:
3697:
3678:Enough Project
3646:Main article:
3643:
3640:
3628:Main article:
3625:
3622:
3607:United Nations
3599:Ituri conflict
3543:Main article:
3540:
3537:
3459:in August 2014
3441:Main article:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3425:
3418:
3417:
3411:
3404:
3403:
3397:
3390:
3389:
3383:
3376:
3375:
3369:
3362:
3361:
3355:
3353:Kasaï-Oriental
3348:
3347:
3341:
3334:
3333:
3327:
3325:Kasaï Province
3320:
3319:
3313:
3306:
3305:
3299:
3297:Kwilu Province
3292:
3291:
3285:
3278:
3277:
3271:
3264:
3263:
3261:Ituri Province
3257:
3251:
3207:
3204:
3130:Main article:
3127:
3124:
3022:forest buffalo
2937:
2934:
2781:Albertine Rift
2588:
2587:
2546:
2544:
2537:
2531:
2528:
2516:attempted coup
2494:Uhuru Kenyatta
2486:Luca Attanasio
2452:new government
2402:
2399:
2347:major protests
2290:Ituri conflict
2247:Bosco Ntaganda
2237:, a member of
2235:Laurent Nkunda
2194:Ituri conflict
2185:
2182:
2075:
2072:
2005:le mal Zairois
1951:Main article:
1948:
1945:
1914:Cyrille Adoula
1856:Force Publique
1805:Prime Minister
1777:Prime Minister
1749:The leader of
1732:
1729:
1709:Force Publique
1689:Force Publique
1674:Force Publique
1662:Force Publique
1651:Force Publique
1631:Force Publique
1616:United Kingdom
1596:Main article:
1593:
1590:
1582:Roger Casement
1578:British consul
1559:Force Publique
1462:Congo Arab war
1443:
1440:
1422:Central Africa
1377:
1374:
1354:Main article:
1351:
1348:
1320:Congo-Kinshasa
1205:Kongo language
1151:
1148:
1116:United Nations
1005:Belgian colony
995:and committed
882:Central Africa
878:Congo-Kinshasa
860:
859:
854:
848:
847:
842:
836:
835:
830:
824:
823:
820:
814:
813:
810:
806:
805:
786:
782:
781:
771:
767:
766:
747:
737:
736:
722:
712:
711:
703:
700:
697:
696:
688:
685:
682:
681:
678:
668:
667:
659:
656:
653:
652:
644:
641:
638:
637:
634:
620:
619:
616:
614:• Density
613:
610:
609:
597:
594:
591:
590:
584:
583:
580:
577:
574:
573:
566:
563:
560:
559:
553:
552:
549:
548:
545:
539:
536:
535:
532:
526:
523:
522:
519:
513:
510:
509:
506:
503:
500:
499:
496:
490:
487:
486:
483:
473:
470:
469:
466:
460:
457:
456:
453:
447:
444:
443:
440:
434:
431:
430:
427:
426:
420:
419:
414:
408:
405:
404:
399:
393:
390:
389:
384:
380:
379:
376:
375:
373:Judith Suminwa
370:
367:Prime Minister
364:
361:
360:
355:
349:
346:
345:
342:
341:
335:
331:
330:
322:
316:
315:
313:
312:
302:
296:
290:
283:
281:
278:
274:
273:
271:
270:
265:
260:
255:
249:
247:
241:
240:
235:
231:
230:
223:-4.317; 15.317
194:
191:
187:
186:
175:
165:
164:
161:
160:
146:
128:
127:
114:
113:
106:
99:
98:
92:
85:
84:
83:
80:
79:
59:
53:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
17277:
17266:
17263:
17261:
17258:
17256:
17253:
17251:
17248:
17246:
17243:
17241:
17238:
17236:
17233:
17231:
17228:
17226:
17223:
17221:
17218:
17216:
17213:
17212:
17210:
17203:
17200:
17157:
17149:
17148:
17145:
17139:
17136:
17134:
17131:
17130:
17128:
17124:
17118:
17115:
17113:
17110:
17108:
17105:
17103:
17100:
17098:
17095:
17093:
17090:
17088:
17085:
17083:
17080:
17079:
17077:
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17067:
17064:
17062:
17059:
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17054:
17053:
17051:
17047:
17037:
17034:
17033:
17031:
17027:
17021:
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17011:
17008:
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17003:
17001:
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16996:
16993:
16991:
16988:
16986:
16983:
16981:
16978:
16976:
16973:
16971:
16968:
16966:
16963:
16961:
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16956:
16953:
16951:
16948:
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16943:
16941:
16938:
16936:
16933:
16931:
16928:
16926:
16923:
16921:
16918:
16916:
16913:
16911:
16908:
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16905:
16901:
16895:
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16880:
16877:
16875:
16872:
16871:
16869:
16865:
16859:
16856:
16854:
16853:New Brunswick
16851:
16849:
16846:
16845:
16843:
16839:
16833:
16830:
16828:
16825:
16823:
16820:
16818:
16815:
16813:
16810:
16808:
16805:
16803:
16800:
16798:
16795:
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16790:
16788:
16785:
16783:
16780:
16778:
16775:
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16770:
16768:
16765:
16763:
16760:
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16750:
16748:
16745:
16743:
16740:
16738:
16735:
16733:
16730:
16728:
16725:
16723:
16720:
16718:
16715:
16713:
16710:
16708:
16705:
16703:
16702:Guinea-Bissau
16700:
16698:
16695:
16693:
16690:
16688:
16685:
16683:
16680:
16678:
16675:
16673:
16670:
16668:
16665:
16663:
16660:
16658:
16655:
16653:
16650:
16648:
16645:
16643:
16640:
16638:
16635:
16633:
16630:
16628:
16625:
16623:
16620:
16618:
16615:
16613:
16610:
16608:
16605:
16603:
16600:
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16583:
16580:
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16548:
16543:
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16536:
16534:
16529:
16528:
16525:
16513:
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16501:
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16490:
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16485:
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16480:
16477:
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16470:
16464:
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16456:
16455:
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16449:
16443:
16440:
16438:
16435:
16433:
16430:
16428:
16425:
16423:
16420:
16417:
16416:Gold standard
16413:
16410:
16409:
16407:
16405:
16401:
16391:
16388:
16386:
16383:
16381:
16378:
16376:
16373:
16372:
16370:
16368:
16364:
16358:
16355:
16353:
16350:
16347:
16343:
16340:
16338:
16335:
16333:
16330:
16328:
16325:
16323:
16320:
16318:
16315:
16314:
16311:
16308:
16306:
16302:
16292:
16289:
16288:
16286:
16282:
16276:
16273:
16271:
16268:
16266:
16263:
16261:
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16256:
16253:
16251:
16248:
16246:
16243:
16241:
16238:
16237:
16235:
16233:
16229:
16223:
16220:
16218:
16215:
16213:
16210:
16209:
16207:
16203:
16197:
16194:
16191:
16189:
16186:
16184:
16181:
16179:
16176:
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16169:
16166:
16164:
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16156:
16154:
16151:
16150:
16148:
16146:
16142:
16136:
16133:
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16124:
16118:
16115:
16113:
16110:
16108:
16105:
16104:
16102:
16100:
16096:
16090:
16089:2025 election
16087:
16085:
16082:
16080:
16077:
16075:
16072:
16071:
16069:
16067:
16063:
16057:
16054:
16053:
16051:
16049:
16045:
16039:
16036:
16034:
16031:
16029:
16026:
16025:
16022:
16019:
16017:
16013:
16007:
16004:
16002:
16001:Member states
15999:
15997:
15994:
15992:
15989:
15988:
15986:
15984:
15980:
15972:
15969:
15967:
15964:
15963:
15962:
15961:
15957:
15955:
15952:
15950:
15947:
15945:
15942:
15940:
15937:
15935:
15932:
15930:
15927:
15925:
15922:
15920:
15917:
15916:
15914:
15912:
15908:
15904:
15903:African Union
15897:
15892:
15890:
15885:
15883:
15878:
15877:
15874:
15862:
15856:
15854:
15848:
15846:
15840:
15838:
15832:
15831:
15829:
15825:
15815:
15814:Tomaz Salomão
15812:
15810:
15809:Prega Ramsamy
15807:
15805:
15804:Kaire Mbuende
15802:
15801:
15799:
15795:
15789:
15786:
15784:
15781:
15780:
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15774:
15771:
15767:
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15758:
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15748:
15746:
15743:
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15738:
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15733:
15731:
15728:
15726:
15723:
15721:
15718:
15716:
15713:
15711:
15708:
15706:
15703:
15701:
15698:
15696:
15693:
15691:
15688:
15687:
15685:
15683:Member states
15681:
15676:
15669:
15664:
15662:
15657:
15655:
15650:
15649:
15646:
15634:
15633:
15632:Africa portal
15628:
15624:
15622:
15621:
15612:
15611:
15608:
15598:
15595:
15594:
15592:
15588:
15582:
15579:
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15569:
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15540:
15536:
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15527:
15525:
15522:
15521:
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15515:
15509:
15506:
15504:
15501:
15500:
15498:
15494:
15491:
15487:fully part of
15483:
15475:
15471:
15467:
15461:
15458:
15457:
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15451:
15448:
15445:
15438:
15432:
15429:
15426:
15422:
15419:
15418:
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15413:
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15366:
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15321:
15318:
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15313:
15311:
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15298:
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15291:
15288:
15286:
15283:
15281:
15278:
15276:
15273:
15271:
15268:
15266:
15263:
15261:
15258:
15256:
15253:
15251:
15248:
15246:
15243:
15241:
15240:Guinea-Bissau
15238:
15236:
15233:
15231:
15228:
15226:
15223:
15221:
15218:
15216:
15213:
15211:
15208:
15206:
15203:
15201:
15198:
15195:
15192:
15190:
15187:
15185:
15182:
15180:
15177:
15175:
15172:
15170:
15167:
15165:
15162:
15160:
15157:
15155:
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14959:
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14956:Social issues
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14651:Deforestation
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14607:Kivu conflict
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14526:Early history
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14455:OpenStreetMap
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14316:Van Reybrouck
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14227:Congo Journey
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14023:Devlin, Larry
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13782:(in French).
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13500:"Le Ndombolo"
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13235:(in French).
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13101:. iUniverse.
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12634:public domain
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12359:0-8419-0438-3
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11464:Mining Weekly
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11225:The Economist
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10969:Africa Agenda
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10319:
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10276:. p. 57.
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9621:
9617:
9610:
9602:
9598:
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9588:
9584:
9580:
9576:
9572:
9568:
9567:"Chimpanzees"
9561:
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9531:
9515:
9511:
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9483:
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9380:
9365:. 19 May 2024
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9313:. 19 May 2024
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8846:
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8806:
8803:
8798:
8792:. Al Jazeera.
8791:
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8706:
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8554:Interview on
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7732:
7731:Icla.up.ac.za
7725:
7719:
7712:
7706:
7700:, p. 74.
7699:
7694:
7678:
7675:. cycad.com.
7674:
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7662:, p. 64.
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7649:
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7638:, p. 58.
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7130:History Today
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7113:0-547-52573-7
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6985:(3): 173–98.
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5974:
5970:
5963:
5944:
5937:
5930:
5922:
5920:9780062200129
5916:
5912:
5905:
5889:
5885:
5881:
5875:
5859:
5855:
5849:
5833:
5829:
5825:
5819:
5817:
5815:
5813:
5796:
5792:
5786:
5770:
5766:
5762:
5755:
5753:
5751:
5749:
5747:
5745:
5743:
5726:
5722:
5718:
5712:
5708:
5692:
5683:
5677:
5673:
5668:
5661:
5657:
5651:
5647:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5619:
5608:
5601:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5586:
5584:
5580:
5576:
5572:
5571:Romelu Lukaku
5568:
5564:
5560:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5543:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5523:
5519:
5508:
5498:
5496:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5470:
5467:
5462:
5461:L'Observateur
5457:
5454:
5449:
5448:La Conscience
5444:
5439:
5438:
5430:
5420:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5406:
5405:Aurlus Mabélé
5402:
5401:Général Defao
5398:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5385:Koffi Olomide
5382:
5378:
5373:
5371:
5367:
5363:
5359:
5355:
5351:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5333:
5329:
5325:
5324:
5319:
5315:
5314:pelvic thrust
5311:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5296:
5292:
5287:
5285:
5281:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5264:Franco Luambo
5261:
5257:
5253:
5249:
5245:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5229:Franco Luambo
5226:
5222:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5193:, denoting a
5192:
5188:
5182:
5178:
5174:
5168:
5158:
5156:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5134:
5132:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5103:
5101:
5097:
5093:
5092:Air pollution
5089:
5087:
5083:
5078:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5060:
5058:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5007:
5002:
4996:
4986:
4982:
4980:
4975:
4971:
4966:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4945:In 2014, the
4939:
4934:
4924:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4873:
4871:
4866:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4835:
4833:
4832:Kongo Central
4827:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4812:
4810:
4806:
4801:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4753:
4743:
4739:
4737:
4736:lingua franca
4732:
4728:
4727:Congo Swahili
4724:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4698:
4694:
4693:
4692:lingua franca
4688:
4684:
4676:
4671:
4661:
4659:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4638:
4636:
4632:
4627:
4625:
4615:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4508:
4507:Kasaï-Central
4505:
4503:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4344:
4335:
4333:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4237:Ethnic groups
4234:
4232:
4223:
4213:
4209:
4203:
4193:
4191:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4174:
4168:
4158:
4156:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4144:Congo Airways
4140:
4138:
4135:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4075:
4071:
4064:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4044:
4034:
4032:
4031:deforestation
4028:
4024:
4020:
4015:
4012:
4006:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3980:
3976:
3968:
3963:
3956:
3951:
3947:
3944:
3940:
3935:
3931:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3903:
3898:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3872:
3870:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3845:
3840:
3834:
3824:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3718:
3710:
3705:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3689:Vital Kamerhe
3685:
3683:
3679:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3658:
3656:
3649:
3639:
3637:
3631:
3621:
3619:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3591:Kivu conflict
3588:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3551:
3546:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3529:Joseph Kabila
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3473:
3470:
3467:require that
3466:
3458:
3454:
3453:Joseph Kabila
3449:
3444:
3430:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3363:
3360:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3340:
3339:Kasaï-Central
3336:
3335:
3332:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3290:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3270:
3269:Kongo Central
3266:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3217:
3213:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3190:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3173:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3151:
3142:
3141:Joseph Kabila
3138:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3108:deforestation
3104:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2987:
2983:
2980:Found in the
2978:
2971:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2787:, as well as
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2765:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2702:merging into
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2611:
2602:
2594:
2584:
2581:
2573:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2547:This section
2545:
2541:
2536:
2535:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2506:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2361:According to
2359:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2332:Denis Mukwege
2328:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2258:M23 rebellion
2254:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2228:M23 rebellion
2225:
2220:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2190:Kivu conflict
2177:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2154:Joseph Kabila
2150:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2052:Ronald Reagan
2049:
2048:Richard Nixon
2044:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1978:head of state
1975:
1971:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1884:
1883:Joseph Mobutu
1879:
1877:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1864:Moïse Tshombe
1861:
1857:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1719:, Bortaï and
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1697:Ruanda-Urundi
1694:
1690:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1641:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1598:Belgian Congo
1589:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1495:slave traders
1492:
1491:slave raiding
1488:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1449:
1439:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1418:Bantu peoples
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1376:Early history
1373:
1371:
1367:
1366:Mbuti peoples
1363:
1357:
1347:
1346:(in French).
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1284:nzadi o nzere
1281:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1228:Belgian Congo
1225:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1207:(also called
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1124:African Union
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1052:Joseph Kabila
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
949:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
858:
855:
853:
849:
846:
843:
841:
840:ISO 3166 code
837:
834:
831:
829:
825:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
772:
768:
764:
748:
742:
738:
723:
717:
713:
704:
698:
689:
683:
679:
673:
669:
660:
654:
645:
639:
635:
631:
625:
621:
617:
611:
607:
598:
592:
589:
585:
581:
575:
571:
567:
561:
558:
554:
550:
546:
543:
537:
533:
530:
524:
520:
517:
511:
508:1 August 1964
507:
501:
497:
494:
488:
484:
481:
477:
471:
467:
464:
463:Belgian Congo
458:
454:
451:
445:
441:
438:
432:
428:
425:
421:
418:
415:
412:
406:
403:
400:
397:
391:
388:
385:
381:
377:
374:
371:
368:
362:
359:
356:
353:
347:
343:
340:
336:
332:
327:
323:
321:
317:
311:
307:
303:
301:
297:
295:
291:
289:
285:
284:
282:
275:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
250:
248:
242:
239:
236:
232:
227:
198:
195:
188:
179:
169:
162:
140:
133:
129:
119:
115:
109:
103:
95:
89:
81:
74:
67:
51:
46:
39:
35:
30:
19:
17172:
17049:Organization
16651:
16607:Burkina Faso
15958:
15944:Abuja Treaty
15836:(forerunner)
15776:Chairpersons
15745:South Africa
15699:
15630:
15618:
15460:Îles Éparses
15350:South Africa
15340:Sierra Leone
15178:
15144:Burkina Faso
14946:Prostitution
14921:Demographics
14845:Central Bank
14744:Human rights
14712:Constitution
14646:Conservation
14558:World War II
14508:
14470:
14413:
14403:
14387:
14357:
14356:
14355:profile for
14352:
14326:
14319:
14309:
14302:
14295:
14280:
14273:
14266:
14251:
14244:
14240:
14233:
14226:
14219:
14205:
14194:
14182:
14170:
14152:
14131:
14124:
14115:
14086:
14075:
14059:
14051:
14044:
14026:
14015:
14000:
13993:
13974:. Retrieved
13954:
13945:
13944:
13931:. Retrieved
13920:
13911:
13899:. Retrieved
13886:
13877:
13858:
13844:
13843:). [
13831:
13819:. Retrieved
13810:
13800:
13788:. Retrieved
13779:
13769:
13757:. Retrieved
13737:
13730:
13718:. Retrieved
13698:
13691:
13679:. Retrieved
13673:(in Czech).
13670:
13660:
13648:. Retrieved
13639:
13629:
13617:. Retrieved
13597:
13590:
13578:. Retrieved
13558:
13551:
13539:. Retrieved
13534:
13524:
13512:. Retrieved
13503:
13494:
13484:
13478:
13458:
13451:
13439:. Retrieved
13430:
13420:
13408:. Retrieved
13399:
13389:
13377:. Retrieved
13368:
13359:
13347:. Retrieved
13336:The Guardian
13335:
13325:
13313:. Retrieved
13304:
13301:"Papa Wemba"
13295:
13283:. Retrieved
13274:
13241:. Retrieved
13231:
13224:
13212:. Retrieved
13208:the original
13203:
13193:
13181:. Retrieved
13166:
13154:. Retrieved
13145:
13135:
13117:
13098:
13092:
13081:
13072:
13060:. Retrieved
13051:
13041:
13029:. Retrieved
13020:
12996:. Retrieved
12987:
12978:
12959:
12947:. Retrieved
12943:the original
12933:
12921:. Retrieved
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5497:and French.
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5482:
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5350:Sierra Leone
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5332:Wenge Musica
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5312:, emulating
5309:
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5276:Nico Kasanda
5256:Henri Bowane
5247:
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5207:Léopoldville
5190:
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5133:influences.
5127:
5090:
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5061:
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5043:yellow fever
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4862:
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4196:Demographics
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4080:
4068:
4061:arriving in
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3850:
3807:The Guardian
3805:
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3756:
3749:forced labor
3738:
3699:Human rights
3694:
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3597:region, the
3582:
3575:
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3510:
3506:
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3462:
3457:Barack Obama
3225:
3196:UN subregion
3193:
3185:
3181:
3169:
3150:presidential
3146:
3105:
3092:
3084:
3077:Pan paniscus
3076:
3072:
3062:
3042:Kahuzi-Biega
2994:biodiversity
2991:
2910:
2863:
2836:
2797:Boyoma Falls
2770:
2726:
2684:
2617:
2576:
2567:
2556:Please help
2551:verification
2548:
2524:US passports
2509:
2502:
2484:to the DRC,
2479:
2456:
2448:
2431:
2383:
2379:
2375:Kasai region
2360:
2344:
2321:
2255:
2233:
2151:
2132:
2121:
2098:
2069:
2045:
2040:
2025:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1984:violations,
1982:human rights
1967:
1933:
1922:
1887:
1880:
1855:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1837:Middle Congo
1833:
1790:
1737:Congo Crisis
1708:
1701:World War II
1688:
1686:
1673:
1661:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1644:
1637:
1629:
1613:
1575:
1564:
1557:
1546:
1515:
1508:
1503:
1477:
1472:Leopoldville
1416:
1401:
1398:, circa 1870
1359:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1271:
1269:
1267:initiative.
1264:Authenticité
1262:
1240:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1200:
1197:Kongo people
1186:
1173:
1170:by discharge
1163:
1160:Kongo people
1080:
1012:independence
1009:
950:
877:
873:
869:
865:
863:
852:Internet TLD
828:Calling code
686:• Total
642:• Total
564:• Total
485:30 June 1960
476:Independence
288:Christianity
131:
118:Motto:
117:
56:of the Congo
29:
17194: /
17117:LGBT rights
17010:South Korea
16812:Switzerland
16792:Saint Lucia
16712:Ivory Coast
16337:Enlargement
16112:Secretariat
16074:Chairperson
16056:Chairperson
15966:Chairperson
15954:Lome Summit
15524:Pantelleria
15444:territories
15412:recognition
15355:South Sudan
15245:Ivory Coast
14840:Agriculture
13821:26 November
13790:12 November
13671:Czech Radio
13537:(in French)
13514:12 November
13441:15 December
13431:TRUE Africa
13410:15 December
13379:15 December
13349:15 December
13315:15 December
13243:15 December
13183:15 December
13156:15 December
13099:Full Circle
13062:1 September
13031:1 September
12883:www.who.int
12729:21 February
12659:29 November
12628:www.dol.gov
12605:(in French)
12039:7 September
11858:27 February
11828:27 February
11677:Reegle.info
11657:4 September
11626:22 November
11599:27 February
11534:21 November
11504:21 November
11343:22 November
11009:25 December
10897:22 November
10784:12 November
10716:12 November
10679:23 November
10362:11 November
9921:22 November
9791:27 February
9462:29 November
9253:29 December
9191:13 February
8767:11 February
8741:11 February
8680:13 February
8565:. See also
8540:27 November
8187:8 September
8161:21 November
8131:21 November
8101:18 November
8071:10 December
8041:18 November
8014:18 November
7432:1 September
7349:16 November
7140:30 November
6050:2 September
5464: [
5451: [
5417:Fally Ipupa
5366:West Africa
5310:mokonyonyon
5298:dance music
5124:male statue
4839:East Africa
4790:Kimbanguism
4713:(Kikongo),
4418:15,628,000
4057:Train from
3988:cassiterite
3953:DR Congo's
3682:kleptocracy
3609:, known as
3563:Land Forces
3481:superalloys
3401:Haut-Lomami
3317:Nord-Ubangi
3232:territories
2866:rift valley
2855:Lake Edward
2847:Lake Albert
2809:Brazzaville
2805:Pool Malebo
2733:Congo Basin
2632:South Sudan
2363:Jan Egeland
2310:Joseph Kony
2230:in May 2013
2226:during the
2117:Interahamwe
2009:kleptocracy
1910:Joseph Ileo
1868:South Kasai
1658:World War I
1426:pastoralism
1166:Congo River
1156:Congo River
965:Congo River
953:Congo Basin
910:South Sudan
809:Date format
754: 0.481
534:17 May 1997
455:1 July 1885
411:Lower house
396:Upper house
383:Legislature
221: /
17209:Categories
16985:Mozambique
16980:Montenegro
16807:Seychelles
16747:Mauritania
16737:Madagascar
16727:Luxembourg
16632:Cape Verde
16458:Africa Day
16412:Currencies
16066:Commission
15740:Seychelles
15730:Mozambique
15715:Madagascar
15431:Somaliland
15335:Seychelles
15300:Mozambique
15285:Mauritania
15270:Madagascar
15225:The Gambia
15159:Cape Verde
14911:Corruption
14773:Parliament
14739:Government
14656:Ecoregions
14546:Atrocities
13976:7 February
13901:18 October
13759:28 January
13720:28 January
13681:9 November
13650:8 November
13619:28 January
13580:28 January
13541:8 November
13214:28 October
12541:world news
12394:. Ludion.
12339:21 January
11713:25 January
11687:21 January
11317:3 December
10863:. London.
10392:7 December
10382:Africanews
10332:7 December
10302:6 November
10109:14 October
10045:7 December
10015:7 December
9985:7 December
9721:Constitute
9701:2 February
9520:23 October
9432:29 October
9242:Africanews
9211:Africanews
9181:Africanews
8711:11 January
8480:30 October
8217:5 November
7988:4 November
7912:25 January
7882:25 January
7851:25 January
7821:25 January
7774:25 January
7683:4 February
7082:. p. 748;
6931:14 October
6885:14 October
6816:: 113844.
6744:Gale Group
6535:14 October
6496:14 October
6183:16 January
5703:References
5328:Papa Wemba
5137:Literature
4999:See also:
4909:Lubumbashi
4897:witchcraft
4877:monotheism
4765:Lubumbashi
4597:North Kivu
4565:1,024,000
4547:1,190,000
4543:South Kivu
4529:1,188,000
4511:1,593,000
4493:1,640,000
4475:2,695,000
4466:Lubumbashi
4457:2,765,000
4448:Mbuji-Mayi
4428:Lubumbashi
4401:Mbuji-Mayi
4274:Luba-Kasaï
4217:Population
4126:Lubumbashi
4059:Lubumbashi
3990:, ores of
3943:World Bank
3837:See also:
3782:DHS survey
3642:Corruption
3595:North Kivu
3569:, and the
3485:jet engine
3451:President
3423:North Kivu
3409:South Kivu
3345:Sud-Ubangi
3097:endangered
3052:, and the
3002:chimpanzee
2872:, copper,
2831:North Kivu
2793:Lake Mweru
2708:grasslands
2422:face masks
2409:President
2371:North Kivu
2286:Lubumbashi
2212:North Kivu
2033:Lubumbashi
1994:corruption
1799:, won the
1456:See also:
1276:Portuguese
1274:is from a
1092:Mbuji-Mayi
1088:Lubumbashi
944:, and the
812:dd/mm/yyyy
729: 42.1
588:Population
387:Parliament
334:Government
320:Demonym(s)
172:Show globe
17240:Republics
16970:Louisiana
16965:Lithuania
16910:Argentina
16903:Observers
16752:Mauritius
15983:Geography
15725:Mauritius
15442:Dependent
15290:Mauritius
14941:Languages
14926:Education
14880:Transport
14850:Companies
14795:President
14722:Elections
14671:Volcanoes
14661:Mountains
14629:Geography
14418:is being
14377:from the
14318:, David,
14094:Stuttgart
13889:AllAfrica
13640:AfroConex
13400:The FADER
13344:0261-3077
13285:25 August
12998:14 August
11967:17 August
11243:3 January
11233:0013-0613
10612:Ohchr.org
10071:14 August
10035:Bloomberg
10005:Bloomberg
9850:2214-6296
9826:: 36–40.
9397:0261-3077
9291:2 January
9281:0261-3077
9118:0362-4331
9077:0362-4331
9008:ReliefWeb
8978:0362-4331
8937:0362-4331
8855:26 August
8450:15 August
7590:2 October
7286:26 August
7007:128432105
6999:0263-0338
6838:203130461
6333:26 August
5370:Caribbean
5323:le sapeur
5244:Cuban son
5219:accordion
5217:, and an
5211:bass drum
5195:Kongolese
4927:Education
4921:exorcisms
4849:Muslims.
4664:Languages
4609:Migration
4484:Kisangani
4438:Kisangani
4179:Inga dams
4137:waterways
4134:navigable
3967:Basankusu
3567:Air Force
3501:catalysts
3275:Haut-Uele
3228:provinces
3176:President
3157:bicameral
3069:great ape
2925:Lake Kivu
2894:germanium
2886:manganese
2851:Lake Kivu
2827:Lake Kivu
2773:watershed
2646:, and by
2570:June 2017
2530:Geography
2345:In 2015,
2029:Kisangani
1813:president
1759:President
1699:. During
1608:Christian
1539:with the
1499:Tippu Tip
1324:Big Congo
1270:The word
1150:Etymology
818:Drives on
785:Time zone
676:(nominal)
437:Colonised
424:Formation
352:President
326:Congolese
277:Religion
17191:3°S 24°E
17156:Category
17112:TV5Monde
17036:Thailand
17005:Slovenia
17000:Slovakia
16667:Dominica
16662:Djibouti
16622:Cameroon
16617:Cambodia
16602:Bulgaria
16512:Category
16390:Passport
16305:Politics
16048:Assembly
15860:(COMESA)
15827:See also
15760:Zimbabwe
15750:Tanzania
15705:Eswatini
15695:Botswana
15620:Category
15538:Portugal
15390:Zimbabwe
15365:Tanzania
15215:Ethiopia
15210:Eswatini
15189:Djibouti
15154:Cameroon
15139:Botswana
15044:Category
14994:Football
14951:Religion
14761:Military
14695:Politics
14676:Wildlife
14411:template
14379:BBC News
14254:, 2007.
14204:, 2009;
14064:Archived
14025:(2007).
13970:Archived
13933:7 August
13927:Archived
13895:Archived
13866:Archived
13815:Archived
13784:Archived
13753:Archived
13714:Archived
13675:Archived
13644:Archived
13613:Archived
13574:Archived
13508:Archived
13435:Archived
13404:Archived
13373:Archived
13371:. 2017.
13309:Archived
13279:Archived
13237:Archived
13177:Archived
13150:Archived
13127:Archived
13056:Archived
13025:Archived
12992:Archived
12967:Archived
12949:10 March
12923:20 April
12917:Archived
12893:20 April
12887:Archived
12839:10 March
12813:10 March
12804:Archived
12781:10 March
12775:Archived
12755:10 March
12723:Archived
12689:Archived
12653:Archived
12611:Archived
12581:Archived
12551:24 April
12514:Archived
12510:Kimbilio
12484:Archived
12460:24 April
12454:Archived
12452:. 2011.
12424:Archived
12270:Archived
12237:Archived
12213:11 March
12207:Archived
12187:20 April
12178:Archived
12131:(2014).
12106:cite web
12057:(2014).
12005:Archived
11986:Archived
11961:Archived
11918:Archived
11894:13 April
11888:Archived
11852:Archived
11822:Archived
11737:Archived
11707:Archived
11681:Archived
11651:Archived
11620:Archived
11528:Archived
11475:16 April
11469:archived
11443:11 March
11437:Archived
11399:27 March
11393:Archived
11361:Archived
11337:Archived
11311:Archived
11263:Archived
11237:Archived
11193:Archived
11160:Archived
11140:Archived
11133:tantalum
11108:Archived
11081:Archived
11055:Archived
11035:22 March
11029:Archived
11003:Archived
10999:VOA News
10979:31 March
10949:31 March
10943:Archived
10918:Archived
10891:Archived
10871:27 March
10865:Archived
10840:11 March
10834:Archived
10817:pillage.
10810:11 March
10804:Archived
10753:Archived
10734:Archived
10707:Archived
10673:Archived
10647:Archived
10616:Archived
10559:Archived
10535:Archived
10498:8 August
10492:Archived
10450:10 March
10444:Archived
10410:(2012).
10386:Archived
10356:Archived
10326:Archived
10322:BBC News
10296:Archived
10256:Archived
10232:Archived
10206:Archived
10186:Archived
10103:Archived
10065:Archived
10039:Archived
10009:Archived
9979:Archived
9947:Archived
9915:Archived
9888:Archived
9854:Archived
9785:Archived
9761:25 April
9755:Archived
9731:23 April
9725:Archived
9695:Archived
9654:Archived
9624:Archived
9620:BBC News
9601:15186757
9514:Archived
9482:Archived
9456:Archived
9426:Archived
9285:Archived
9247:Archived
9215:Archived
9185:Archived
9160:30 April
9154:Archived
9130:30 April
9089:30 April
9042:Archived
9038:BBC News
9018:30 April
9012:Archived
8988:30 April
8982:Archived
8947:30 April
8941:Archived
8899:Archived
8875:Archived
8824:Archived
8805:Archived
8786:Archived
8761:Archived
8705:Archived
8647:Archived
8614:Archived
8589:Archived
8570:Archived
8559:Archived
8534:Archived
8474:Archived
8444:Archived
8419:Archived
8400:Archived
8382:27 March
8376:Archived
8350:Archived
8327:Archived
8302:Archived
8298:BBC News
8272:Archived
8268:BBC News
8241:Archived
8237:BBC News
8211:Archived
8207:BBC News
8181:Archived
8155:Archived
8151:BBC News
8125:Archived
8121:BBC News
8095:Archived
8091:BBC News
8065:Archived
8061:BBC News
8035:Archived
7982:Archived
7932:Archived
7906:Archived
7876:Archived
7845:Archived
7815:Archived
7768:Archived
7735:Archived
7677:Archived
7615:Archived
7584:Archived
7549:(1994).
7525:Archived
7486:Archived
7462:10 March
7456:Archived
7393:(2007).
7369:Archived
7343:Archived
7314:Archived
7280:Archived
7249:Archived
7170:22 April
7164:Archived
7134:Archived
7072:Archived
7049:Archived
7023:Archived
6962:10 March
6925:Archived
6900:(2003).
6879:Archived
6842:Archived
6787:Archived
6758:Archived
6722:Archived
6678:Archived
6653:28 April
6647:Archived
6627:28 April
6621:Archived
6616:BBC News
6601:28 April
6595:Archived
6593:. 2023.
6568:8 August
6562:Archived
6529:Archived
6490:Archived
6472:(2004).
6386:29 April
6380:Archived
6327:Archived
6234:Archived
6203:Archived
6177:archived
6134:Archived
6106:Archived
6073:Archived
6041:Archived
6039:. 2007.
6008:Archived
5977:Archived
5952:21 March
5943:Archived
5894:19 March
5888:Archived
5858:Archived
5801:30 April
5795:Archived
5775:29 April
5769:Archived
5731:23 March
5725:Archived
5604:See also
5528:football
5473:Le Phare
5437:L'Avenir
5389:Werrason
5381:Americas
5377:Ndombolo
5237:Zaire 74
5231:and his
5215:triangle
5181:Ndombolo
5082:COVID-19
5035:HIV/AIDS
4961:and the
4947:literacy
4885:vitalism
4809:dioceses
4746:Religion
4719:Tshiluba
4643:refugees
4601:707,000
4583:768,000
4556:Tshikapa
4525:Équateur
4520:Mbandaka
4414:Kinshasa
4409:Kinshasa
4391:Kinshasa
4373:Province
4255:Ubangian
4190:Équateur
3992:tantalum
3915:diamonds
3539:Military
3493:carbides
3359:Équateur
3303:Bas-Uele
3255:Kinshasa
3202:(SADC).
3112:poaching
3065:primates
3004:and the
2878:diamonds
2839:volcanic
2833:province
2801:Mbandaka
2704:savannas
2700:plateaus
2648:Tanzania
2296:and the
2105:genocide
2064:Cold War
2037:Mbandaka
1862:(led by
1845:DR Congo
1787:in 1961.
1571:smallpox
1550:Brussels
1470:View of
1430:Iron Age
1420:reached
1340:the DROC
1332:DR Congo
1328:Congo DR
1191:and its
928:(across
926:Tanzania
898:Kinshasa
888:and the
870:DR Congo
793:+1 to +2
770:Currency
337:Unitary
268:Tshiluba
197:Kinshasa
65:du Congo
18:Congo DR
17126:Related
17075:Culture
17020:Uruguay
17015:Ukraine
16990:Ontario
16950:Ireland
16945:Hungary
16940:Georgia
16925:Croatia
16915:Austria
16832:Vietnam
16827:Vanuatu
16822:Tunisia
16802:Senegal
16782:Romania
16767:Morocco
16757:Moldova
16722:Lebanon
16647:Comoros
16612:Burundi
16592:Belgium
16587:Armenia
16582:Andorra
16577:Albania
16570:Members
16562:Members
16451:Culture
16404:Economy
16367:Symbols
16006:Regions
15991:Borders
15911:History
15769:Leaders
15735:Namibia
15710:Lesotho
15597:Socotra
15576:Melilla
15545:Madeira
15508:Réunion
15503:Mayotte
15375:Tunisia
15345:Somalia
15330:Senegal
15315:Nigeria
15305:Namibia
15295:Morocco
15260:Liberia
15255:Lesotho
15205:Eritrea
15174:Comoros
15149:Burundi
15124:Algeria
15028:Outline
14984:Cuisine
14971:Culture
14894:Society
14875:Tourism
14828:Economy
14518:History
14349:Scholia
14312:, 2007.
14305:, 2001.
14276:, 2008.
14269:, 2009.
14236:, 1998.
14229:, 1996.
14222:, 2002.
14215:, 2015.
14047:, 2005.
13996:, 2004.
13946:Sources
13841:Archive
13083:YouTube
12988:UN News
12279:23 June
12243:23 June
12233:Cia.gov
11924:19 July
11798:17 July
11769:17 July
11743:30 July
11269:30 June
11114:22 July
11087:22 July
11061:22 July
10568:28 June
10238:1 March
9953:16 July
9828:Bibcode
9660:30 July
9650:Reuters
9630:30 July
9579:Bibcode
9488:30 June
9311:AP News
9221:4 April
8731:Reuters
8620:23 June
8610:Hrw.org
7938:30 July
7744:23 June
7621:1 March
7531:26 June
6907:(ed.).
6848:22 July
6818:Bibcode
6793:22 July
6764:22 July
6728:22 July
6201:. AFP.
6004:Reuters
5864:16 July
5838:14 July
5828:IMF.org
5501:Cuisine
5495:Lingala
5483:Le Soft
5354:Liberia
5344:in 1978
5318:Otetela
5291:soukous
5248:Maringa
5233:OK Jazz
5203:Cabinda
5191:Maringa
5177:Soukous
5131:Western
5106:Culture
5075:stunted
5039:Malaria
4957:), the
4881:animism
4807:and 41
4723:Swahili
4715:Lingala
4685:is the
4502:Kananga
4332:Pygmies
4309:Ngbandi
4289:Lubakat
4251:Nilotic
4247:Sudanic
4122:Kolwezi
4085:), the
3827:Economy
3816:Harvard
3611:MONUSCO
3601:in the
3579:Mai-Mai
3395:Maniema
3381:Sankuru
3373:Tshuapa
3331:Mongala
3234:and 33
3099:by the
3079:), the
3046:Salonga
3038:Garumba
3026:leopard
2998:endemic
2916:erupted
2906:bauxite
2898:uranium
2874:cadmium
2758:Lulonga
2754:Aruwimi
2680:Equator
2644:Burundi
2514:led an
2274:Mai-Mai
2270:Katanga
2158:MONUSCO
1823:led by
1795:led by
1779:of the
1610:couple.
1541:Bangala
1428:and of
1408:Katanda
1396:Nyangwe
1360:Before
1350:History
1217:Bakongo
1209:Kikongo
1102:by the
1016:Belgium
922:Burundi
761: (
666:$ 1,552
540:•
527:•
514:•
491:•
480:Belgium
474:•
461:•
448:•
435:•
409:•
394:•
365:•
350:•
263:Swahili
258:Lingala
209:15°19′E
190:Capital
132:Anthem:
17196:-3; 24
16995:Poland
16975:Mexico
16960:Latvia
16955:Kosovo
16889:Serbia
16884:Cyprus
16874:Gambia
16858:Quebec
16787:Rwanda
16762:Monaco
16697:Guinea
16692:Greece
16682:France
16627:Canada
16472:Theory
16380:Emblem
16375:Anthem
16270:AMISOM
16255:UNAMID
16107:Bureau
16016:Organs
15844:(SACU)
15755:Zambia
15720:Malawi
15690:Angola
15677:(SADC)
15496:France
15453:France
15385:Zambia
15380:Uganda
15320:Rwanda
15275:Malawi
15235:Guinea
15129:Angola
15108:Africa
15049:Portal
14979:Cinema
14931:Health
14865:Mining
14855:Energy
14778:Senate
14666:Rivers
14641:Cities
14430:Curlie
14424:
14415:Curlie
14351:has a
14322:, 2014
14287:
14258:
14211:
14200:
14189:
14177:
14162:
14141:
14104:
14033:
14007:
13962:
13849:]
13745:
13706:
13605:
13566:
13466:
13342:
13105:
12698:16 May
12590:16 May
12506:"Home"
12398:
12357:
12311:28 May
12155:16 May
12141:
12081:16 May
12067:
11953:
11788:(XSLX)
11231:
11202:11 May
11129:Coltan
10622:20 May
10488:Gov.uk
10418:
10292:enough
10165:
10140:
10095:
9848:
9599:
9550:19 May
9402:20 May
9395:
9369:19 May
9343:19 May
9317:19 May
9279:
9116:
9075:
9048:7 July
8976:
8935:
8881:18 May
8653:8 June
8510:5 July
7974:
7557:
7517:
7492:21 May
7405:
7255:21 May
7241:
7214:
7111:
7086:
7005:
6997:
6917:
6871:
6836:
6750:
6714:
6642:UNICEF
6521:
6482:
6372:
6319:
6292:
6265:
6240:8 June
6209:6 June
6169:
6112:29 May
6079:18 May
5917:
5672:French
5577:, and
5565:, and
5512:Sports
5368:, the
5358:Europe
5282:, and
5250:into "
5179:, and
5071:UNICEF
4989:Health
4979:UNESCO
4903:. The
4889:spirit
4779:Bukavu
4721:, and
4711:Kituba
4683:French
4658:Angola
4538:Bukavu
4489:Tshopo
4350:
4347:
4324:Ngbaka
4314:Ngombe
4299:Tetela
4161:Energy
4106:Matadi
3919:cobalt
3911:copper
3891:Mining
3869:coltan
3733:, and
3565:, the
3495:. The
3477:cobalt
3289:Tshopo
3283:Kwango
3236:cities
3172:Senate
3163:and a
3161:Senate
3036:: the
3006:bonobo
2984:, the
2948:, and
2902:radium
2870:Cobalt
2857:, and
2777:Amazon
2756:, and
2750:Ruzizi
2746:Ubangi
2742:Sangha
2656:Angola
2652:Zambia
2640:Rwanda
2636:Uganda
2503:After
2272:, the
2214:, 2012
2196:, and
1925:Simbas
1916:, and
1896:, the
1866:) and
1678:Tabora
1672:. The
1554:Ostend
1342:, and
1230:, the
1172:. The
1142:, and
1128:COMESA
993:rubber
975:, and
969:Azande
940:, the
938:Angola
934:Zambia
918:Rwanda
914:Uganda
872:, the
745:(2022)
743:
720:(2012)
718:
674:
626:
402:Senate
306:others
286:95.4%
279:(2021)
238:French
206:4°19′S
134:
108:Emblem
73:French
69:
17107:AFFOI
16879:Ghana
16777:Qatar
16772:Niger
16707:Haiti
16687:Gabon
16672:Egypt
16597:Benin
16432:NEPAD
16275:MISCA
16240:ACIRC
15852:(CMA)
15590:Yemen
15571:Ceuta
15559:Spain
15517:Italy
15360:Sudan
15310:Niger
15265:Libya
15250:Kenya
15230:Ghana
15220:Gabon
15194:Egypt
15134:Benin
15035:Index
15004:Music
14999:Media
14961:Women
14916:Crime
14595:2000s
14409:‹The
14402:from
14353:topic
13459:Kenya
12807:(PDF)
12800:(PDF)
12692:(PDF)
12685:(PDF)
12584:(PDF)
12577:(PDF)
12520:9 May
12490:9 May
12430:9 May
12305:(PDF)
12298:(PDF)
12273:(PDF)
12262:(PDF)
12181:(PDF)
12174:(PDF)
11593:(PDF)
11586:(PDF)
11370:Kitco
11196:(PDF)
11185:(PDF)
10710:(PDF)
10699:(PDF)
10653:2 May
10594:(PDF)
10587:(PDF)
10562:(PDF)
10555:(PDF)
9857:(PDF)
9816:(PDF)
8308:2 May
8278:2 May
7738:(PDF)
7727:(PDF)
7427:Verso
7375:2 May
7003:S2CID
6834:S2CID
6785:(2).
6684:8 May
6453:Zaire
6449:Zahir
6044:(PDF)
6033:(PDF)
6014:2 May
5983:2 May
5946:(PDF)
5939:(PDF)
5642:Notes
5532:rugby
5468:]
5455:]
5423:Media
5306:Mongo
5295:urban
5293:, an
5161:Music
5122:Hemba
4970:First
4847:Sunni
4651:UNHCR
4579:Ituri
4574:Bunia
4561:Kasaï
4377:Pop.
4364:Rank
4304:Nande
4294:Lulua
4284:Mongo
4279:Kongo
4259:Pygmy
4243:Bantu
4063:Kindu
4002:Luilu
3812:Oxfam
3603:Ituri
3559:FARDC
3525:China
3018:okapi
2986:okapi
2738:Kasai
2696:basin
2469:also
2386:Yumbi
2302:Lendu
2208:FARDC
2109:Tutsi
1953:Zaire
1849:Congo
1817:ABAKO
1751:ABAKO
1717:Asosa
1322:, or
1304:Zaire
1300:Congo
1296:Zaire
1292:Congo
1288:Zaire
1280:nzadi
1272:Zaire
1255:Zaire
1243:Congo
1213:konga
1201:Kongo
1193:Bantu
1036:Zaire
1030:in a
1014:from
1001:ceded
977:Lunda
876:, or
822:right
763:180th
710:$ 714
557:Area
478:from
304:0.5%
300:Islam
298:1.5%
292:2.6%
17182:24°E
16817:Togo
16742:Mali
16717:Laos
16642:Chad
16479:Afro
16385:Flag
16317:APRM
16265:AMIS
16260:AMIB
16084:AUCC
15370:Togo
15280:Mali
15169:Chad
14989:Flag
14812:List
14800:List
14749:LGBT
14285:ISBN
14256:ISBN
14209:ISBN
14198:ISBN
14187:ISBN
14175:ISBN
14160:ISBN
14139:ISBN
14102:ISBN
14031:ISBN
14005:ISBN
13978:2018
13960:ISBN
13935:2021
13922:FIVB
13903:2021
13823:2015
13792:2023
13761:2024
13743:ISBN
13722:2024
13704:ISBN
13683:2023
13652:2023
13621:2024
13603:ISBN
13582:2024
13564:ISBN
13543:2023
13516:2023
13464:ISBN
13443:2023
13412:2023
13381:2023
13351:2023
13340:ISSN
13317:2023
13287:2023
13245:2023
13216:2023
13185:2023
13158:2023
13103:ISBN
13064:2022
13033:2022
13021:AQLI
13000:2020
12951:2015
12925:2023
12895:2023
12841:2015
12815:2015
12783:2015
12757:2015
12731:2017
12700:2015
12661:2020
12592:2015
12553:2011
12522:2019
12492:2019
12462:2011
12432:2019
12396:ISBN
12355:ISBN
12341:2015
12313:2015
12281:2018
12245:2018
12215:2015
12189:2018
12157:2015
12139:ISBN
12112:link
12083:2015
12065:ISBN
12041:2022
11969:2010
11951:ISBN
11926:2022
11896:2016
11860:2024
11830:2024
11800:2022
11771:2022
11745:2023
11715:2021
11689:2017
11659:2017
11628:2010
11601:2013
11536:2018
11506:2018
11477:2013
11445:2015
11401:2010
11345:2010
11319:2021
11271:2008
11245:2024
11229:ISSN
11204:2011
11116:2011
11089:2011
11063:2011
11037:2009
11011:2008
10981:2016
10951:2016
10899:2010
10873:2010
10842:2015
10812:2015
10786:2014
10718:2014
10681:2012
10655:2010
10624:2017
10570:2017
10500:2023
10452:2015
10416:ISBN
10394:2021
10364:2022
10334:2021
10304:2019
10240:2018
10163:ISBN
10138:ISBN
10111:2015
10093:ISBN
10073:2019
10047:2021
10017:2021
9987:2021
9955:2019
9923:2010
9896:2017
9865:2019
9846:ISSN
9793:2024
9763:2014
9733:2015
9703:2019
9662:2023
9632:2023
9597:PMID
9552:2010
9522:2018
9490:2008
9464:2017
9434:2017
9404:2024
9393:ISSN
9371:2024
9345:2024
9319:2024
9293:2024
9277:ISSN
9255:2023
9223:2022
9193:2022
9162:2021
9132:2021
9114:ISSN
9091:2021
9073:ISSN
9050:2021
9020:2021
8990:2021
8974:ISSN
8949:2021
8933:ISSN
8883:2021
8857:2019
8769:2019
8743:2019
8713:2019
8682:2019
8655:2018
8622:2018
8542:2016
8512:2017
8482:2023
8452:2019
8384:2010
8310:2010
8280:2010
8249:2013
8219:2013
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