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1779:. “We share a common belief that innovation comes from the edges,” said Luisa Delgado, an SAP HR director, who noted the company valued the ability of many autistic people to “think differently and spark innovation.” SAP’s Bangalore office saw its productivity increase after deploying autistic hires. The company is working closely with a Danish not-for-profit specializing in IT job placements for individuals with autism spectrum disorders." Research data hints that exporting firms have a higher survival rate and achieve greater employment growth compared with non-exporters.
35:
209:. At shorter time scales, competition is also one of the most important factors controlling diversity in ecological communities, but at larger scales expansion and contraction of ecological space is a much larger factor than competition. This is illustrated by living plant communities where asymmetric competition and competitive dominance frequently occur. Multiple examples of symmetric and asymmetric competition also exist for animals.
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prime rival) will punish him for these feelings of desire for the mother, by castrating him. Girls develop penis envy towards all males. The girl's envy is rooted in the biologic fact that, without a penis, she cannot sexually possess mother, as the infantile id demands, resultantly, the girl redirects her desire for sexual union upon father in competitive rivalry with her mother. This constellation of feelings is known as
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humanity. In the society desired by Gandhi, each individual will cooperate and serve for the welfare of others and people will share each other's joys, sorrows and achievements as a norm of a social life. For him, in a non-violent society, competition does not have a place and this should become realized with more people making the personal choice to have fewer tendencies toward egoism and selfishness.
104:; however, in the real world, mixtures of cooperation and competition are the norm. In economies, as the philosopher R. G. Collingwood argued "the presence of these two opposites together is essential to an economic system. The parties to an economic action co-operate in competing, like two chess players". Optimal strategies to achieve goals are studied in the branch of mathematics known as
518:. Upon receipt of their academic results, students tend to compare their grades to see who is better. In severe cases, the pressure to perform in some countries is so high that it can result in stigmatization of intellectually deficient students, or even suicide as a consequence of failing the exams. Critics of competition as a motivating factor in education systems, such as
800:, in which competition is taken to be unambiguously good, even where that competition leaks into the rules of the game. He claims this drives financialisation (the approximate doubling of proportion of economic resources dedicated to finance and to 'rule making and administering' professions such as law, accountancy and auditing.
590:. Competition, according to the theory, causes commercial firms to develop new products, services and technologies, which would give consumers greater selection and better products. The greater selection typically causes lower prices for the products, compared to what the price would be if there was no competition (
826:. Such competition is evident by the policies undertaken by these countries to educate the future workforce. For example, East Asian economies such as Singapore, Japan and South Korea tend to compete by allocating a large portion of the budget to the education sector, including by implementing programmes such as
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damaged psychological well-beings, but also in the health effects from everyday civilian life caused by work stress, long work hours, abusive working relationships, and poor working conditions, that detract from the enjoyment of life, even as such competition results in financial gain for the owners.
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insisted that "the capitalist system fosters competition and egoism in all its members and thoroughly undermines all genuine forms of community". It promotes a "climate of competitive egoism and individualism", with competition for jobs and competition between employees; Marx said competition between
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correlated most closely with competition. The literature widely supported the importance of competition as the primary driver of reverse auctions success. Their findings appear to support that argument, as competition correlated strongly with the reverse auction success, as well as with the number of
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Most businesses also encourage competition between individual employees. An example of this is a contest between sales representatives. The sales representative with the highest sales (or the best improvement in sales) over a period of time would gain benefits from the employer. This is also known as
184:
may result in an increase in the frequency of a variant of the species best suited for survival and reproduction until its fixation within a population. However, competition among resources also has a strong tendency for diversification between members of the same species, resulting in coexistence of
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of childhood development where intense primal emotions of competitive rivalry with (usually) the parent of the same sex are rampant and create a crisis that must be negotiated successfully for healthy psychological development to proceed. Unresolved
Oedipus complex competitiveness issues can lead to
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for an elected office. In other words, two or more candidates strive and compete against one another to attain a position of power. The winner gains the seat of the elected office for a predefined period of time, towards the end of which another election is usually held to determine the next holder
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has commented on the harmful effects, stating "people feel that they are under a great deal of pressure. They feel that their main objective in life is to do better than other people. That is certainly what young people are being taught in school every day. And it's not a good basis for a society."
335:
A trade promotion lottery or competition is a free entry lottery run to promote goods or services supplied by a business. An example is where you purchase goods or services and then given the chance to enter into the lottery and possibly win a prize. A trade promotion lottery can be called a lotto,
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which perform the same function compete against each other. For example, one brand of pick-up trucks competes with several other brands of pick-up trucks. Sometimes, two companies are rivals and one adds new products to their line, which leads to the other company distributing the same new things,
613:
Experts have also questioned the constructiveness of competition in profitability. It has been argued that competition-oriented objectives are counterproductive to raising revenues and profitability because they limit the options of strategies for firms as well as their ability to offer innovative
96:
and business, often associated with business competition as companies are in competition with at least one other firm over the same group of customers. Competition inside a company is usually stimulated with the larger purpose of meeting and reaching higher quality of services or improved products
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explained competition as a primal dilemma in which all infants find themselves. The infant competes with other family members for the attention and affection of the parent of the opposite sex or the primary caregiving parent. During this time, a boy develops a deep fear that the father (the son's
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A 1996 review of the evidence, summarized in this paper, found that competitor-oriented objectives reduced profitability. We describe new evidence from 12 studies, one of which is introduced in this paper. The new evidence supports the conclusion that competitor-oriented objectives are harmful,
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or a challenge provided that it is non-hostile. On the negative side, competition can cause injury and loss to the organisms involved, and drain valuable resources and energy. In the human species competition can be expensive on many levels, not only in lives lost to war, physical injuries, and
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speaks of egoistic competition. For him, such qualities glorified and/or left unbridled, can lead to violence, conflict, discord and destructiveness. For Gandhi, competition comes from the ego, and therefore society must be based on mutual love, cooperation and sacrifice for the well-being of
1118:. A set of strategies is a Nash equilibrium if each represents a best response to the other strategies. If all the players are playing the strategies in a Nash equilibrium, they have no unilateral incentive to deviate, since their strategy is the best they can do given what others are doing.
192:
Competition is also present between species ("interspecific"). When resources are limited, several species may depend on these resources. Thus, each of the species competes with the others to gain access to the resources. As a result, species less suited to compete for the resources may
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leads many aspiring musicians and actors to make substantial investments in training which are not recouped, because only a fraction become successful. Critics have also argued that competition can be destabilizing, particularly competition between certain financial institutions.
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Using a simple concept to measure heights that firms can climb may help improve execution of strategies. International competitiveness can be measured on several criteria but few are as flexible and versatile to be applied across levels as Trade
Competitiveness Index (TCI)
667:. For example, a family which has $ 20,000 available may choose to spend it on many different items, which can all be seen as competing with each other for the family's expenditure. This form of competition is also sometimes described as a competition of "share of wallet".
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In addition, there is inevitable competition inside a government. Because several offices are appointed, potential candidates compete against the others in order to gain the particular office. Departments may also compete for a limited amount of resources, such as for
538:. Students with a high level of agency thrive on competition, are self-motivated, and are willing to risk failure. Compared to their counterparts who are low in agency, these students are more likely to be flexible, adaptable and creative as adults.
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model. Predicting changes in the competitiveness of business sectors is becoming an integral and explicit step in public policymaking. Within capitalist economic systems, the drive of enterprises is to maintain and improve their own competitiveness.
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workers exceeds that demonstrated by company owners. He also points out that competition separates individuals from one another and while concentration of workers and development of better communication alleviate this, they are not a decision.
483:. Here, it is a comparative measure of the ability and performance of a firm or sub-sector to sell and produce/supply goods and/or services in a given market. The two academic bodies of thought on the assessment of competitiveness are the
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and governments have always been subject to scrutiny and sometimes to severe sanctions. Since the twentieth century, competition law has become global. The two largest, most organised and influential systems of competition regulation are
1807:. These individuals are likely to turn any activity into a competition, and they will feel threatened if they find themselves losing. Researchers have found that men and women who score high on the trait of hypercompetitiveness are more
185:
competitive and non-competitive strategies or cycles between low and high competitiveness. Third parties within a species often favour highly competitive strategies leading to species extinction when environmental conditions are harsh (
1933:
prefers to think of evolution in terms of competition between single genes, which have the welfare of the organism 'in mind' only insofar as that welfare furthers their own selfish drives for replication (termed the 'selfish gene').
1707:
compete against each other in order to come closest to a conceptual ideal of a perfect performance, which incorporates measurable criteria and standards which are translated into numerical ratings and scores by appointed judges.
2664:- "competition 1 : the act or process of competing : rivalry: such as a : the effort of two or more parties acting independently to secure the business of a third party by offering the most favorable terms "
1699:. Thus, sports provide artificial (not natural) competition; for example, competing for control of a ball, or defending territory on a playing field is not an innate biological factor in humans. Athletes in sports such as
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1688:, where the goal is to reach a destination, with only natural barriers impeding the process. A regularly scheduled (for instance annual) competition meant to determine the "best" competitor of that cycle is called a
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1803:; specifically, the highly aggressive personality type which is characterized as "moving against people". In her view, some people have a need to compete and win at all costs as a means of maintaining their
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722:. The competing brands by the same company allowed parts to be designed by one division and shared by several divisions, for example parts designed by Chevrolet would also be used by Pontiac. In 1931
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Competition is a major factor in education. On a global scale, national education systems, intending to bring out the best in the next generation, encourage competitiveness among students through
1929:. However, some biologists disagree, citing competition as a driving force only on a small scale, and citing the larger scale drivers of evolution to be abiotic factors (termed 'Room to Roam').
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This problem is greatly exacerbated by Marx's insistence that the capitalist system fosters competition and egoism in all its members and thoroughly undermines all genuine forms of community.
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claim that competition also serves as a mechanism for determining the best-suited group; politically, economically and ecologically. Positively, competition may serve as a form of
3189:
61:). Competition can arise between entities such as organisms, individuals, economic and social groups, etc. The rivalry can be over attainment of any exclusive goal, including
652:, where products which are close substitutes for one another compete. For example, butter competes with margarine, with mayonnaise and with other various sauces and spreads.
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Another distinction appearing in economics is that between competition as an end-state – as in the case of both perfect and imperfect competition – and competition as a
464:, which coexists along with the urge for survival. Competitiveness, or the inclination to compete, though, has become synonymous with aggressiveness and ambition in the
332:
Competition or trade promotion lottery entrants enter to win a prize or prizes, hence many entrants are all in competition, or competing for a limited number of prizes.
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Ryckman, R. M.; Thornton, B.; Butler, J. C. (1994). "Personality correlates of the hypercompetitive attitude scale: Validity tests of Horney's theory of neurosis".
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Competition can have both beneficial and detrimental effects. Many evolutionary biologists view inter-species and intra-species competition as the driving force of
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and less psychologically healthy than those who score low on the trait. Hypercompetitive individuals generally believe that winning is the only thing that matters.
1660:) have been viewed as primarily recreational, most sports are considered competitive. The majority involve competition between two or more persons (sometimes using
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have identified a trait in most living organisms which can drive the particular organism to compete. This trait, called competitiveness, is viewed as having a high
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1672:, two teams compete against one another to determine who can score the most points. When there is no set reward for the winning team, many players gain a sense of
883:
Second, competition law can ban the existence or abusive behaviour of a firm dominating the market. One case in point could be a software company who through its
978:(DGCOMP) have formed international support- and enforcement-networks. Competition law is growing in importance every day, which warrants for its careful study.
777:
measures in order to prevent or reduce competition. Depending on the respective economic policy, pure competition is to a greater or lesser extent regulated by
1763:. For nations, as well as firms it is important to understand trade dynamics in order to market their goods and services effectively in international markets.
1196:, publishing houses and theaters, have increasingly become a means for aspiring writers to gain recognition. Awards for fiction include those sponsored by the
556:) as " rivalry: such as the effort of two or more parties acting independently to secure the business of a third party by offering the most favorable terms".
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is often limited or restricted. Competition often is subject to legal restrictions. For example, competition may be legally prohibited, as in the cases of a
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522:, assert that competition actually has a net negative influence on the achievement levels of students, and that it "turns all of us into losers". Economist
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It is a process of rivalry between firms (or consumers) intensifying selective pressures for improvements. One can restate this as a process of discovery.
3128:, School of Mathematics and Geospatial Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne. 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation, 12–16 December 2011
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responses to changes in the market. In addition, the strong desire to defeat rival firms with competitive prices has the strong possibility of causing
3248:
2618:
Eisenberg, Jacob; Thompson, William Forde (16 April 2012). "The
Effects of Competition on Improvisers' Motivation, Stress, and Creative Performance".
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Such competitions can be games of luck (randomly drawn) or skill (judged on an entry question or submission), or possibly a combination of both.
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1245:, examines the perils and disadvantages of competition in (for example) biology, families, sport, education, commerce and the Soviet Union.
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typically consider alternative investment opportunities given their risk profile, and not only look at companies just competing on product (
2149:
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949:, and regulation becomes necessary to protect the ideal market model. Behind the theory lies the history, reaching back further than the
127:, for instance, study the nature of competition. They investigate the natural urge of competition and its circumstances. They also study
933:. Hence competition law is closely connected with the law on deregulation of access to markets, providing state aids and subsidies, the
2589:"The impact of competition on intrinsic motivation and creativity: Considering gender, gender segregation and gender role orientation"
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Smith, Ken G.; Ferrier, Walter J.; Ndofor, Hermann (2017-11-26), Hitt, Michael A.; Freeman, R. Edward; Harrison, Jeffrey S. (eds.),
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of very large corporations. Competition authorities could for instance require that a large packaging company give plastic bottle
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Margaret
Heffernan's brave study shows how the competitive instinct can be bad for us in all walks of life, from sport to finance
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Competitive sports are governed by codified rules agreed upon by the participants. Violating these rules is considered to be
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in the United States. The correct technical name for
Australian consumer competitions is a trade promotion lottery or lotto.
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First, it prohibits agreements aimed to restrict free trading between business entities and their customers. For example, a
3293:
1676:. In addition, extrinsic rewards may also be given. Athletes, besides competing against other humans, also compete against
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of state-owned assets and the use of independent sector regulators, such as the United
Kingdom telecommunications watchdog
1889:
1375:(after the Greek Mythology figure who accidentally killed his father and married his mother). This is associated with the
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Competition within, between, and among species is one of the most important forces in biology, especially in the field of
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In
Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, competitions or lotto are the equivalent of what are commonly known as
2458:"On Becoming Unstuck: Teleoaffective Tactics, Thrills, and the Serial Entrants of Promotional Competitions in Australia"
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and prehistory of competition in various cultures. They also investigate how competition manifested itself in various
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initiated a deliberate system of internal brand-versus-brand rivalry. The company was organized around different
3324: • Vincent P. Crawford (1997). "Theory and Experiment in the Analysis of Strategic Interaction," in
1114:. A common assumption is that players act rationally. In non-cooperative games, the most famous of these is the
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Game-theoretic model to examine the two tradeoffs in the acquisition of information for a careful balancing act
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3288:, 1992. "Game Theory and Experimental Economics: Beginnings and Early Influences," in E. R. Weintraub, ed.,
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3558: • Kyle Bagwell and Asher Wolinsky (2002). "Game theory and Industrial Organization," ch. 49,
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3350: • Martin Shubik, 2002. "Game Theory and Experimental Gaming," in R. Aumann and S. Hart, ed.,
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Cabral, J. Centurion; Garcia, Calebe Mattos; Solano, Maiara; de
Almeida, Rosa Maria Martins (2022-12-29).
1546:). The result of this type of competition often leads to worldwide tensions, and may sometimes erupt into
2323:"Links between global taxonomic diversity, ecological diversity and the expansion of vertebrates on land"
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of conflict and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers." Game theory is mainly used in
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lifelong neuroses manifesting in various ways related to an overdetermined relationship to competition.
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Competition in sports. One selection of images showing some of the sporting events that are classed as
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on the capital markets (equity or debt) in order to generate the necessary cash for their operations.
476:, as a way to distribute resources and adapt. Many plants compete with neighboring ones for sunlight.
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3141:(2006). "Agent-Based Computational Economics: A Constructive Approach to Economic Theory," ch. 16,
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for world power, and the two also struggled over the different types of government (in these cases
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can be considered a crude, but widely used proxy for international competitiveness across levels:
1751:, held every four years, is usually regarded as the international pinnacle of sports competition.
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3644:• Martin Shubik (1978). "Game Theory: Economic Applications," in W. Kruskal and J.M. Tanur, ed.,
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605:(and prices) in some circumstances. For example, the intense competition for the small number of
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3818:. Philosophy and Society Series. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated. p. 95.
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was given responsibility for the success or failure of the brand, and compensated accordingly.
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of the company so that each division would compete with the other divisions. For example, the
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2005:
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1495:, elected leaders of different parties will ultimately compete against the other parties for
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Award, sponsored by the Yale Drama Series, is among the most prestigious playwriting awards.
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941:. Behind the practice lies the theory, which over the last fifty years has been dominated by
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945:. Markets are seen as the most efficient method of allocating resources, although sometimes
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In recent decades, competition law has also been sold as good medicine to provide better
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when in a static, repetitive, or unchanging environment. Competition is a major tenet of
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205:, this competition within and between species for resources plays a significant role in
3927:"Export Competitiveness of Select Firms from India: Glimpse of Trends and Implications"
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which cannot be shared: where one's gain is the other's loss (an example of which is a
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of sports shops who together fix football-jersey prices higher than normal is illegal.
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show that the effect of competition on students depends on each individual's level of
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Competition between countries is quite subtle to detect, but is quite evident in the
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2372:"Asymmetric competition over calling sites in two closely related treefrog species"
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135:, meanwhile, study the effects of competition on society as a whole. Additionally,
3606:• Martin Shubik (1981). "Game Theory Models and Methods in Political Economy," in
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1043:. Applications include a wide array of economic phenomena and approaches, such as
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However, competition may also lead to wasted (duplicated) effort and to increased
68:
Competition occurs in nature, between living organisms which co-exist in the same
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Competition between members of a species ("intraspecific") for resources such as
84:, though when these needs are met deep rivalries often arise over the pursuit of
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leads to a broader peer universe of comparable, indirectly competing companies.
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2788:"Is Competition Such a Good Thing? Static Efficiency versus Dynamic Efficiency"
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and later economists described competition in general as allocating productive
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Strategy and Market
Structure: Competition, Oligopoly, and the Theory of Games
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especially when managers receive information about competitors' market shares.
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Baldauf, Sebastian A.; Engqvist, Leif; Weissing, Franz J. (29 October 2014).
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2869:"Competition, Regulation, and the Market Process: An "Austrian" Perspective"
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Competition does not necessarily have to be between companies. For example,
3708:"Options Games: Balancing the trade-off between flexibility and commitment"
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2338:
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3552:, and "Non-Cooperative Game Theory: A User's Guide Manual,' " ch. 11, pp.
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586:, concluding that no system of resource allocation is more efficient than
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2096:"More than a feeling: Effects of competitive asymmetry on human emotions"
1980:
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987:
698:. This is competition within companies. The idea was first introduced by
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132:
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2838:"Electronic Reverse Auctions and the Public Sector – Factors of Success"
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This research usually focuses on particular sets of strategies known as
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1942:
1922:
1849: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1511:
1295: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1005:
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Shalev and
Asbjornsen found that success (i.e. the saving resulted) of
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519:
380: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
253: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
198:
194:
112:
16:
Rivalry where multiple parties strive for a goal which cannot be shared
2523:
2434:. NSW Government Office of Liquor, Gaming & Racing. Archived from
2395:
3743:
A Bigger Prize: Why Competition Isn't Everything and How We Do Better
3577:
3378:
3126:
Psychological Pricing in Mergers & Acquisitions using Game Theory
1926:
1739:. While most sports competitions are recreation, there exist several
1543:
1471:
1253:
1064:
997:
926:
770:
711:
628:
Three levels of end-state economic competition have been classified:
615:
606:
595:
514:
programmes which cater for specialist students, prompting charges of
116:
89:
3587:
1824:
1563:
1405:
1270:
1131:
552:
Merriam-Webster gives as one definition of competition (relating to
355:
228:
3402: • _____ (1997). "Progress in Behavioral Game Theory,"
2030:
1800:
1791:
The tendency toward extreme, unhealthy competition has been termed
1776:
1736:
1711:
Sports competition is generally broken down into three categories:
1535:
1523:
1467:
884:
819:
676:
660:
636:(also called "category competition" or "brand competition"), where
591:
567:
181:
147:
settings in the past, and how competition has developed over time.
3706:
Chevalier-Roignant, Benoît; Trigeorgis, Lenos (15 February 2012).
3301:
International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences
3081:(1981). "Game Theory Models and Methods in Political Economy," in
2744:
2587:
Conti, Regina; Picariello, Martha; Collins, Mary (December 2001).
706:
in the 1920s. Sloan deliberately created areas of overlap between
3912:"Autism's Competitive Advantage, and Challenge, in the Workplace"
3207: • Tuomas Sandholm. "computing in mechanism design."
2320:
2010:
1768:
1732:
1716:
1653:
1640:
are regarded as the international pinnacle of sports competition.
1515:
1500:
1060:
1044:
1017:
910:
by ensuring that each business must compete for its share of the
895:
793:
typically leading to less competitive businesses being launched.
766:
754:
672:
212:
162:
144:
140:
50:
3924:
3694:
3326:
Advances in Economics and Econometrics: Theory and Applications
2051:"Competitive Dynamics Research: Critique and Future Directions"
1724:
1677:
1657:
1488:
954:
890:
Third, to preserve competitive markets, the law supervises the
877:
664:
85:
2704:
342:
People that enjoy entering competitions are known as compers.
131:, to detect how competition emerges and what its effects are.
72:. Animals compete over water supplies, food, mates, and other
1760:
1673:
1645:
1021:
1009:
938:
727:
173:
77:
3705:
2093:
2370:
Borzée, Amaël; Kim, Jun Young; Jang, Yikweon (7 Sep 2016).
1649:
887:
on computer platforms makes consumers use its media player.
602:
169:
54:
3775:"A Bigger Prize review – the price we pay for competition"
2747:"Competitor-oriented Objectives: The Myth of Market Share"
2057:, Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, pp. 309–354,
111:
Competition has been studied in several fields, including
1547:
1496:
966:. The respective national/international authorities, the
922:
865:
3511: • R. Aumann and S. Hart, ed. (1992, 2002).
3201: _____. "revelation principle."
906:
In all three cases, competition law aims to protect the
472:
integrate aggressiveness and competitiveness into their
3223:
and Amir Ronen (2001). "Algorithmic Mechanism Design,"
2972:
Commission of the European Communities v Tetra Laval BV
2316:
2314:
2268:
3298: • _____, 2001. "Experimental Economics,"
2586:
1747:
professional sports leagues throughout the world. The
100:
Competition is often considered to be the opposite of
1192:
Literary competitions, such as contests sponsored by
976:
European Commission's Competition Directorate General
659:. Included in this category is anything on which the
655:
The broadest form of competition is typically called
201:
by character dislocation, for instance. According to
3854:
Marx and Justice: The Radical Critique of Liberalism
3815:
Marx and Justice: The Radical Critique of Liberalism
2836:
Shalev, Moshe Eitan; Asbjornsen, Stee (2010-03-30).
2311:
3658:(scrollable to chapter-outline or abstract links):
3656:Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications
3582: • _____ with Richard Levitan (1980).
3560:Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications
3513:Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications
3352:Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications
3266:Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications
3024:
2048:
2617:
2240:(2nd ed.). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
2229:
2227:
818:. Countries compete to provide the best possible
570:to their most highly valued uses and encouraging
4033:
3781:(UK ed.). Guardian News and Media Limited.
2979: (EU Court of Justice 15 February 2005).
2835:
785:. Another component of these activities is the
683:). Enlarging the investment universe to include
2503:"It's such a rush: the secret lives of compers"
510:. Countries such as England and Singapore have
336:competition, contest, sweepstake, or giveaway.
3622:A Game-Theoretic Approach to Political Economy
2977: European Court Reports Case C-12/03 P
2525:No contest : the case against competition
2321:Sahney, S.; Benton, M.J.; Ferry, P.A. (2010).
2224:
2055:The Blackwell Handbook of Strategic Management
213:Consumer competitions – games of luck or skill
53:where two or more parties strive for a common
3925:Manthri P.; Bhokray K.; Momaya K. S. (2015).
2745:J. Scott Armstrong; Kesten C. Greene (2007).
2369:
3159:(2008). "computer science and game theory,"
2216:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
953:. The business practices of market traders,
872:as antitrust law, has three main functions:
3381:. "behavioural economics and game theory."
3332:. Cambridge. Reprinted in Colin F. Camerer
3103:(1989). "The Theory of Business Strategy,"
2271:"Diversifying evolution of competitiveness"
2177:
1592:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1434:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1160:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3316:Handbook of Experimental Economics Results
898:to competitors before taking over a major
753:Business and economic competition in most
3878:
3876:
3874:
3846:
3844:
3736:
3699:
3677:
3118:
2705:J. Scott Armstrong; Fred Collopy (1994).
2469:
2403:
2346:
2294:
1909:Learn how and when to remove this message
1612:Learn how and when to remove this message
1522:struggles for world dominance, power, or
1510:Finally, competition also exists between
1454:Learn how and when to remove this message
1355:Learn how and when to remove this message
1180:Learn how and when to remove this message
440:Learn how and when to remove this message
313:Learn how and when to remove this message
97:that the company may produce or develop.
3886:Gandhian Theory of Social Reconstruction
3850:
3808:
3646:International Encyclopedia of Statistics
3373:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3179:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3161:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3070:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
2867:Kirzner, Israel M. (30 September 1982).
2682:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
1623:
843:
33:
3264:Aumann, R. and Hart, S. (eds.) (1994).
3022:
2988:
2982:
2930:JJB Sports PLC v Office of Fair Trading
2866:
2775:from the original on 11 September 2022.
2556:
1786:
4034:
3871:
3841:
3772:
2593:Personality and Individual Differences
2180:"Economics as a Philosophical Science"
1031:Game theory is a major method used in
485:Structure Conduct Performance Paradigm
150:
3882:
3568: • Martin Shubik (1959).
3538:The Theory of Industrial Organization
3023:Chabris, Christopher (26 July 2013).
2895:
2831:
2829:
2785:
2233:
489:New Empirical Industrial Organisation
2898:"Trust and the competition delusion"
2521:
2500:
2455:
2089:
2087:
2063:10.1111/b.9780631218616.2006.00012.x
1847:adding citations to reliable sources
1818:
1590:adding citations to reliable sources
1557:
1432:adding citations to reliable sources
1399:
1293:adding citations to reliable sources
1264:
1158:adding citations to reliable sources
1125:
663:might want to spend their available
378:adding citations to reliable sources
349:
251:adding citations to reliable sources
222:
3909:
3638:
3586:, Harvard University Press. Review
3143:Handbook of Computational Economics
2885:from the original on 2 August 2019.
2184:The International Journal of Ethics
2178:Collingwood, Robin, George (1926).
1112:"solution concepts" or "equilibria"
1073:agent-based computational economics
1039:competing behaviors of interacting
974:(FTC) in the United States and the
860:enforcers of U.S. competition laws.
671:In addition, companies compete for
532:Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking
530:However, other studies such as the
13:
3889:. Atlantic Publishers & Dist.
3608:Handbook of Mathematical Economics
3600:
3526:
3504:Game Theory and Economic Modelling
3479:
3365:
3278:
3258:
3170:
3131:
3087:Handbook of Mathematical Economics
3046:
2946:In the E.U. side of the saga, see
2826:
1024:. Originally, it mainly addressed
964:European Community competition law
607:top jobs in music and movie-acting
345:
14:
4063:
3976:Journal of Personality Assessment
3851:Buchanan, Allen E. (1982-01-01).
3650: • Robert Aumann and
3318:, v. 1, Elsevier, Part 4, Games,
3124:N. Agarwal and P. Zeephongsekul.
2991:Game Theory: Analysis of Conflict
2896:Gruen, Nicholas (February 2020).
2792:Review of Industrial Organization
2754:International Journal of Business
2569:from the original on 2 March 2022
2100:The Journal of General Psychology
2084:
1383:
1087:; and across such broad areas as
3462:Advances in Behavioral Economics
3440:Advances in Behavioral Economics
3404:Journal of Economic Perspectives
3338:Advances in Behavioral Economics
3314:and Vernon L. Smith, ed., 2008.
3290:Towards a History of Game Theory
2557:Salitto, David (12 April 2011).
1823:
1562:
1404:
1269:
1130:
714:division would compete with the
641:and in this manner they compete.
354:
227:
4003:
3966:
3946:10.17010/ijom/2015/v45/i5/79934
3918:
3903:
3802:
3766:
3730:
3544:and chapter-preview links, pp.
3442:, Princeton. 1986–2003 papers.
3354:, Elsevier, v. 3, pp. 2327–51.
3340:, Princeton. 1986–2003 papers.
3085:and Michael Intriligator, ed.,
3016:
2964:
2940:
2922:
2889:
2860:
2779:
2738:
2698:
2667:
2654:
2611:
2580:
2550:
2515:
2494:
2449:
1986:Ecological model of competition
1834:needs additional citations for
1814:
1630:United States Olympic Committee
1280:needs additional citations for
796:Nicholas Gruen has referred to
365:needs additional citations for
238:needs additional citations for
3746:. London: Simon and Schuster.
3548:, "General Organization," pp.
3466:Journal of Economic Literature
3244:, Cambridge University Press.
3059:Journal of Economic Literature
3026:"The Science of Winning Poker"
2937: (CAT 1 October 2003).
2876:Cato Institute Policy Analysis
2707:"The Profitability of Winning"
2420:
2363:
2262:
2196:10.1086/intejethi.36.2.2377247
2171:
2142:
2042:
981:
1:
3616:10.1016/S1573-4382(81)01011-4
3584:Market Structure and Behavior
3412: • _____ (2003).
3360:10.1016/S1574-0005(02)03025-4
3151:10.1016/S1574-0021(05)02016-2
3095:10.1016/S1573-4382(81)01011-4
3009:. Chapter-preview links, pp.
2848:(3). Rochester, NY: 428–452.
2842:Journal of Public Procurement
2605:10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00217-8
2559:"What really makes us happy?"
2471:10.1080/00141844.2022.2114517
2112:10.1080/00221309.2022.2160427
2036:
1795:. This concept originated in
1759:Competition is also found in
1668:). For example, in a game of
1466:Competition is also found in
1233:
1121:
992:Game theory is "the study of
803:
765:. Governments may institute
3620: •_____ (1987).
3390:. "behavioral game theory."
2993:. Harvard University Press.
2632:10.1080/10400419.2011.571185
2528:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
2501:Sear, Cynthia (2022-11-20).
2456:Sear, Cynthia (2022-08-25).
1731:sports competition, such as
925:-payers and administered by
541:
495:
21:Competition (disambiguation)
7:
3934:Indian Journal of Marketing
3883:Dayal, Parmeshwari (2006).
3773:Morris, Iain (2014-03-10).
3225:Games and Economic Behavior
2620:Creativity Research Journal
2428:"Trade promotion lotteries"
1949:
1526:strength. For example, the
1491:. Finally, where there are
1395:
960:United States antitrust law
789:, with instances of higher
763:government-granted monopoly
10:
4068:
3989:10.1207/s15327752jpa6201_8
3460:(2006). "Advancing Beyond
3397:November 23, 2011, at the
3214:November 23, 2011, at the
3195:November 23, 2011, at the
2989:Myerson, Roger B. (1997).
1634:Colorado Springs, Colorado
1053:mergers & acquisitions
985:
968:U.S. Department of Justice
921:, traditionally funded by
837:
824:multinational corporations
807:
545:
502:Competition-based learning
499:
487:and the more contemporary
216:
154:
82:compete for food and mates
18:
3712:European Financial Review
3184:
3105:RAND Journal of Economics
2961:Order, 17 September 2007
2662:Definition of competition
2190:(2): 162–185 at. p. 177.
1553:
594:) or little competition (
479:The term also applies to
3648:, v. 2, pp. 372–78.
3485:• Eric Rasmusen (2007).
3308:per sect. 1.1 & 2.1.
1991:Monopolistic competition
1754:
1540:representative democracy
1260:
972:Federal Trade Commission
892:mergers and acquisitions
798:The Competition Delusion
632:The most narrow form is
25:Compete (disambiguation)
3242:Algorithmic Game Theory
3068:(2008). "game theory,"
3032:The Wall Street Journal
2959:Microsoft v. Commission
2804:10.1023/a:1011160622792
2716:: 61–63. Archived from
2234:Keddy, Paul A. (2001).
1248:
1101:industrial organization
943:neo-classical economics
856:houses the influential
740:intra-brand competition
548:Competition (economics)
88:, power, prestige, and
3430: • _____,
3414:Behavioral Game Theory
3188:. "mechanism design."
2878:(18). Cato Institute.
2679:2008). "competition,"
2432:Trade & Investment
2339:10.1098/rsbl.2009.1024
1961:Biological interaction
1956:Asymmetric competition
1641:
1476:free and fair election
1089:experimental economics
1033:mathematical economics
861:
833:
791:government regulations
578:distinguished between
43:
3594:15 March 2010 at the
3487:Games and Information
3468:, 44(3), pp. 694–711
3406:, 11(4), p. 172, pp.
3375:(2008), 2nd Edition:
3062:classification codes.
2275:Nature Communications
2026:Zero-profit condition
1966:Competition regulator
1627:
1530:competed against the
1480:electoral competition
1217:North American Review
1097:information economics
850:Department of Justice
847:
584:imperfect competition
563:The Wealth of Nations
217:Further information:
157:Competition (biology)
37:
4011:"Competition freaks"
3632:29 June 2011 at the
3610:, v. 1, pp. 285–330
3348:, Princeton, ch. 12.
3182:(2008), 2nd Edition:
3107:, 20(1), pp. 125–37
3089:, v. 1, pp. 285–330
2786:Blaug, Mark (2001).
2522:Kohn, Alfie (1986).
2016:Student competitions
1976:Conflict of interest
1925:, and ultimately of
1843:improve this article
1793:hypercompetitiveness
1787:Hypercompetitiveness
1586:improve this section
1428:improve this section
1289:improve this article
1154:improve this section
1093:behavioral economics
908:welfare of consumers
724:Procter & Gamble
696:internal competition
685:indirect competitors
650:indirect competition
576:microeconomic theory
374:improve this article
247:improve this article
187:evolutionary suicide
74:biological resources
19:For other uses, see
3738:Heffernan, Margaret
3270:"Voting Procedures"
3145:, v. 2, pp. 831–80
2388:2016NatSR...632569B
2287:2014NatCo...5.5233B
1971:Competitor analysis
1682:whitewater kayaking
1632:'s headquarters in
1077:general equilibrium
994:mathematical models
759:government monopoly
694:sometimes refer to
588:perfect competition
580:perfect competition
203:evolutionary theory
151:Biology and ecology
4017:. 28 November 2005
3910:Schrage, Michael.
3810:Buchanan, Allen E.
3689:2013-05-24 at the
3432:George Loewenstein
3251:2012-05-05 at the
2954:2022-02-10 at the
2692:2015-02-15 at the
2376:Scientific Reports
2296:10.1038/ncomms6233
2006:Prisoner's dilemma
1697:unfair competition
1680:in sports such as
1642:
1239:Margaret Heffernan
862:
810:Race to the bottom
779:competition policy
718:division for some
681:direct competitors
657:budget competition
634:direct competition
44:
4015:Los Angeles Times
3896:978-81-269-0603-1
3864:978-0-416-33450-0
3157:Joseph Y. Halpern
2674:George J. Stigler
2535:978-0-395-63125-6
2396:10.1038/srep32569
2247:978-94-010-0694-1
2072:978-1-4051-6402-3
1996:Non-zero-sum game
1939:social Darwinists
1919:
1918:
1911:
1893:
1622:
1621:
1614:
1464:
1463:
1456:
1365:
1364:
1357:
1339:
1194:literary journals
1190:
1189:
1182:
1105:political economy
1035:and business for
1002:political science
787:discovery process
644:The next form is
560:in his 1776 book
512:special education
450:
449:
442:
424:
323:
322:
315:
297:
207:natural selection
29:Competitor (ship)
4059:
4052:Human activities
4027:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4007:
4001:
4000:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3954:
3948:. Archived from
3931:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3880:
3869:
3868:
3848:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3832:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3793:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3714:. Archived from
3703:
3697:
3681:
3675:
3642:
3636:
3604:
3598:
3530:
3524:
3495:chapter-preview.
3483:
3477:
3388:Colin F. Camerer
3369:
3363:
3312:Charles R. Plott
3282:
3276:
3274:"Social Choice."
3268:, v. 2, ch. 30:
3262:
3256:
3186:Roger B. Myerson
3174:
3168:
3139:Leigh Tesfatsion
3135:
3129:
3122:
3116:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3028:
3020:
3014:
3004:
2986:
2980:
2974:
2968:
2962:
2944:
2938:
2935: 1022/1/1/03
2932:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2873:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2833:
2824:
2823:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2751:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2722:
2711:
2702:
2696:
2671:
2665:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2599:(8): 1273–1289.
2584:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2473:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2407:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2350:
2318:
2309:
2308:
2298:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2231:
2222:
2221:
2215:
2207:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2160:on 17 March 2022
2156:. Archived from
2146:
2140:
2139:
2091:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2046:
1914:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1894:
1892:
1851:
1827:
1819:
1765:Balance of trade
1723:sports, such as
1715:sports, such as
1703:and competitive
1617:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1597:
1566:
1558:
1459:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1439:
1408:
1400:
1360:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1340:
1338:
1297:
1273:
1265:
1223:Southwest Review
1185:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1134:
1126:
1116:Nash equilibrium
1081:mechanism design
1014:computer science
854:Washington, D.C.
828:gifted education
822:environment for
747:reverse auctions
692:business writers
516:academic elitism
468:. More advanced
466:English language
445:
438:
434:
431:
425:
423:
382:
358:
350:
318:
311:
307:
304:
298:
296:
255:
231:
223:
94:market economies
4067:
4066:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4020:
4018:
4009:
4008:
4004:
3971:
3967:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3929:
3923:
3919:
3908:
3904:
3897:
3881:
3872:
3865:
3849:
3842:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3807:
3803:
3791:
3789:
3771:
3767:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3735:
3731:
3721:
3719:
3718:on 20 June 2013
3704:
3700:
3693:Research paper
3691:Wayback Machine
3682:
3678:
3649:
3643:
3639:
3634:Wayback Machine
3619:
3605:
3601:
3596:Wayback Machine
3581:
3567:
3557:
3531:
3527:
3510:
3498: •
3497:
3484:
3480:
3456: •
3455:
3429:
3424:(+), and ch. 1
3411:
3401:
3399:Wayback Machine
3386: •
3385:
3377: •
3376:
3370:
3366:
3349:
3336:., ed. (2003).
3323:
3310: •
3309:
3304:, pp. 5100–08.
3297:
3286:Vernon L. Smith
3283:
3279:
3263:
3259:
3253:Wayback Machine
3240:., ed. (2007).
3233: •
3232:
3227:, 35(1–2), pp.
3219: •
3218:
3216:Wayback Machine
3206:
3200:
3197:Wayback Machine
3183:
3175:
3171:
3163:, 2nd Edition.
3155: •
3154:
3136:
3132:
3123:
3119:
3099: •
3098:
3077: •
3076:
3072:, 2nd Edition.
3064: •
3063:
3051:
3047:
3037:
3035:
3021:
3017:
3001:
2987:
2983:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2956:Wayback Machine
2950:
2945:
2941:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2916:
2902:Griffith Review
2894:
2890:
2882:
2871:
2865:
2861:
2834:
2827:
2784:
2780:
2772:
2749:
2743:
2739:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2714:Chief Executive
2709:
2703:
2699:
2694:Wayback Machine
2672:
2668:
2659:
2655:
2616:
2612:
2585:
2581:
2572:
2570:
2555:
2551:
2536:
2520:
2516:
2508:TheGuardian.com
2499:
2495:
2454:
2450:
2441:
2439:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2368:
2364:
2327:Biology Letters
2319:
2312:
2267:
2263:
2248:
2232:
2225:
2209:
2208:
2176:
2172:
2163:
2161:
2154:Sociology Guide
2148:
2147:
2143:
2092:
2085:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2001:Planned economy
1952:
1931:Richard Dawkins
1915:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1852:
1850:
1840:
1828:
1817:
1799:'s theories on
1789:
1757:
1618:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1583:
1567:
1556:
1483:of the office.
1460:
1449:
1443:
1440:
1425:
1409:
1398:
1386:
1373:Oedipus Complex
1361:
1350:
1344:
1341:
1298:
1296:
1286:
1274:
1263:
1251:
1236:
1199:Missouri Review
1186:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1151:
1135:
1124:
990:
984:
919:public services
868:, known in the
842:
840:Competition law
836:
812:
806:
783:competition law
720:market segments
550:
544:
504:
498:
446:
435:
429:
426:
383:
381:
371:
359:
348:
346:Competitiveness
319:
308:
302:
299:
256:
254:
244:
232:
221:
215:
159:
153:
137:anthropologists
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4065:
4055:
4054:
4049:
4047:Human behavior
4044:
4029:
4028:
4002:
3965:
3917:
3902:
3895:
3870:
3863:
3840:
3824:
3801:
3765:
3752:
3729:
3698:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3637:
3599:
3525:
3500:David M. Kreps
3478:
3458:Drew Fudenberg
3438:, ed. (2003).
3364:
3277:
3257:
3169:
3130:
3117:
3045:
3015:
2999:
2981:
2963:
2939:
2921:
2914:
2888:
2859:
2825:
2778:
2737:
2697:
2666:
2653:
2626:(2): 129–136.
2610:
2579:
2549:
2534:
2514:
2493:
2448:
2419:
2362:
2310:
2261:
2246:
2223:
2170:
2141:
2106:(4): 485–511.
2083:
2071:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1951:
1948:
1917:
1916:
1899:September 2022
1831:
1829:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1788:
1785:
1756:
1753:
1725:doubles tennis
1686:mountaineering
1620:
1619:
1570:
1568:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1462:
1461:
1412:
1410:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1385:
1384:Mahatma Gandhi
1382:
1363:
1362:
1345:September 2022
1277:
1275:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1250:
1247:
1243:A Bigger Prize
1235:
1232:
1211:Indiana Review
1188:
1187:
1138:
1136:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1085:voting systems
1069:social network
1026:zero-sum games
986:Main article:
983:
980:
970:(DOJ) and the
927:democratically
912:market economy
904:
903:
888:
881:
838:Main article:
835:
832:
805:
802:
704:General Motors
669:
668:
653:
642:
546:Main article:
543:
540:
524:Richard Layard
500:Main article:
497:
494:
462:adaptive value
448:
447:
362:
360:
353:
347:
344:
321:
320:
235:
233:
226:
219:Game of chance
214:
211:
155:Main article:
152:
149:
129:group dynamics
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4064:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4016:
4012:
4006:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3969:
3955:on 2016-03-04
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3913:
3906:
3898:
3892:
3888:
3887:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3866:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3847:
3845:
3837:
3827:
3825:9780847670390
3821:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3805:
3798:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3769:
3755:
3753:9781471100772
3749:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3733:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3702:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3680:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3647:
3641:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3624:. MIT Press.
3623:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3565:
3561:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3540:, MIT Press.
3539:
3535:
3529:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3482:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3436:Matthew Rabin
3433:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3416:, Princeton.
3415:
3409:
3405:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3384:
3380:
3374:
3368:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3261:
3254:
3250:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3204:
3198:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3127:
3121:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3083:Kenneth Arrow
3080:
3079:Martin Shubik
3075:
3071:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3049:
3034:
3033:
3027:
3019:
3012:
3008:
3002:
3000:9780674341166
2996:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2973:
2967:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2948:Case T-201/04
2943:
2936:
2931:
2925:
2917:
2915:9781925773804
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2892:
2881:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2832:
2830:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2782:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2760:(1): 116–34.
2759:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2723:on 2010-06-22
2719:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2675:
2670:
2663:
2657:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2614:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2583:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2553:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2518:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2497:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2452:
2438:on 2013-07-29
2437:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2366:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2333:(4): 544–47.
2332:
2328:
2324:
2317:
2315:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2230:
2228:
2219:
2213:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2174:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2150:"Competition"
2145:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2102:(in French).
2101:
2097:
2090:
2088:
2074:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2041:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1913:
1910:
1902:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1860: –
1859:
1858:"Competition"
1855:
1854:Find sources:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1832:This section
1830:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1784:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1752:
1750:
1749:Olympic Games
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1639:
1638:Olympic Games
1635:
1631:
1626:
1616:
1613:
1605:
1602:February 2024
1595:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1571:This section
1569:
1565:
1560:
1559:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1528:United States
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1493:party systems
1490:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1458:
1455:
1447:
1444:February 2024
1437:
1433:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1413:This section
1411:
1407:
1402:
1401:
1393:
1390:
1381:
1378:
1377:phallic stage
1374:
1369:
1368:Sigmund Freud
1359:
1356:
1348:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1306: –
1305:
1304:"Competition"
1301:
1300:Find sources:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1278:This section
1276:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1258:
1255:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1205:Boston Review
1201:
1200:
1195:
1184:
1181:
1173:
1170:February 2024
1163:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1139:This section
1137:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1057:fair division
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1008:, as well as
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
989:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
935:privatisation
932:
928:
924:
920:
915:
913:
909:
901:
897:
893:
889:
886:
882:
879:
875:
874:
873:
871:
870:United States
867:
859:
855:
851:
846:
841:
831:
829:
825:
821:
817:
816:world economy
811:
801:
799:
794:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
775:protectionist
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
751:
748:
743:
741:
735:
733:
732:brand manager
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
666:
662:
658:
654:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
630:
629:
626:
624:
619:
617:
611:
608:
604:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
564:
559:
555:
549:
539:
537:
533:
528:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
503:
493:
490:
486:
482:
477:
475:
471:
470:civilizations
467:
463:
459:
458:psychologists
455:
444:
441:
433:
430:February 2024
422:
419:
415:
412:
408:
405:
401:
398:
394:
391: –
390:
389:"Competition"
386:
385:Find sources:
379:
375:
369:
368:
363:This section
361:
357:
352:
351:
343:
340:
337:
333:
330:
328:
317:
314:
306:
303:February 2024
295:
292:
288:
285:
281:
278:
274:
271:
267:
264: –
263:
262:"Competition"
259:
258:Find sources:
252:
248:
242:
241:
236:This section
234:
230:
225:
224:
220:
210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
190:
188:
183:
179:
175:
171:
166:
164:
158:
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
125:psychologists
122:
118:
114:
109:
107:
103:
98:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
66:
64:
60:
59:zero-sum game
56:
52:
48:
42:competitions.
41:
36:
30:
26:
22:
4019:. Retrieved
4014:
4005:
3983:(1): 84–94.
3980:
3974:
3968:
3957:. Retrieved
3950:the original
3937:
3933:
3920:
3905:
3885:
3853:
3835:
3829:. Retrieved
3814:
3804:
3796:
3790:. Retrieved
3779:The Guardian
3778:
3768:
3757:. Retrieved
3742:
3732:
3720:. Retrieved
3716:the original
3711:
3701:
3679:
3655:
3645:
3640:
3621:
3607:
3602:
3583:
3569:
3562:, v. 3, pp.
3559:
3537:
3528:
3512:
3508:Description.
3503:
3486:
3481:
3465:
3461:
3439:
3413:
3403:
3372:
3367:
3351:
3337:
3333:
3325:
3315:
3299:
3289:
3280:
3272:and ch. 31:
3265:
3260:
3241:
3237:
3224:
3177:
3172:
3160:
3142:
3133:
3120:
3104:
3101:Carl Shapiro
3086:
3069:
3057:
3048:
3038:11 September
3036:. Retrieved
3030:
3018:
2990:
2984:
2971:
2966:
2958:
2942:
2929:
2924:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2875:
2862:
2845:
2841:
2798:(1): 37–48.
2795:
2791:
2781:
2757:
2753:
2740:
2731:
2725:. Retrieved
2718:the original
2713:
2700:
2680:
2669:
2656:
2623:
2619:
2613:
2596:
2592:
2582:
2571:. Retrieved
2562:
2552:
2524:
2517:
2506:
2496:
2461:
2451:
2440:. Retrieved
2436:the original
2431:
2422:
2379:
2375:
2365:
2330:
2326:
2278:
2274:
2264:
2236:
2212:cite journal
2187:
2183:
2173:
2162:. Retrieved
2158:the original
2153:
2144:
2103:
2099:
2076:, retrieved
2054:
2044:
2021:Win-win game
1936:
1920:
1905:
1896:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1853:
1841:Please help
1836:verification
1833:
1815:Consequences
1809:narcissistic
1797:Karen Horney
1792:
1790:
1781:
1758:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1710:
1694:
1690:championship
1643:
1608:
1599:
1584:Please help
1572:
1532:Soviet Union
1509:
1485:
1465:
1450:
1441:
1426:Please help
1414:
1387:
1366:
1351:
1342:
1332:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1299:
1287:Please help
1282:verification
1279:
1252:
1242:
1237:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1176:
1167:
1152:Please help
1140:
1109:
1030:
991:
951:Roman Empire
929:accountable
916:
905:
864:Competition
863:
852:building in
813:
797:
795:
752:
744:
739:
736:
700:Alfred Sloan
695:
689:
684:
680:
670:
656:
649:
645:
633:
627:
622:
620:
612:
600:
561:
551:
529:
508:scholarships
505:
488:
484:
481:econometrics
478:
474:interactions
454:philosophers
451:
436:
427:
417:
410:
403:
396:
384:
372:Please help
367:verification
364:
341:
338:
334:
331:
324:
309:
300:
290:
283:
276:
269:
257:
245:Please help
240:verification
237:
197:unless they
191:
167:
160:
133:Sociologists
121:anthropology
110:
99:
67:
46:
45:
4042:Competition
3940:(5): 7–13.
3857:. Methuen.
3652:Sergiu Hart
3626:Description
3576:and review
3574:Description
3542:Description
3534:Jean Tirole
3491:Description
3444:Description
3418:Description
3342:Description
3246:Description
3066:R.J. Aumann
2237:Competition
1981:Cooperation
1644:While some
1520:nationality
1512:governments
1472:democracies
1071:formation,
1065:oligopolies
988:Game theory
982:Game theory
931:governments
327:sweepstakes
106:game theory
102:cooperation
70:environment
63:recognition
47:Competition
4036:Categories
4021:2 February
3959:2015-05-28
3831:2014-03-16
3792:2014-03-16
3759:2014-03-16
3519:and v. 3,
3489:, 4th ed.
3235:Noam Nisan
3221:Noam Nisan
2727:2011-12-06
2573:2022-09-11
2544:1007073234
2442:2013-08-02
2164:2022-09-11
2078:2022-09-11
2037:References
1943:recreation
1923:adaptation
1869:newspapers
1805:self-worth
1713:individual
1701:gymnastics
1670:basketball
1315:newspapers
1241:'s study,
1234:Philosophy
1122:Literature
1049:bargaining
1006:psychology
808:See also:
804:Interstate
646:substitute
616:price wars
572:efficiency
558:Adam Smith
520:Alfie Kohn
400:newspapers
273:newspapers
139:study the
113:psychology
3787:0261-3077
3777:. Books.
3722:3 January
3572:, Wiley.
3564:1851–1895
3392:Abstract.
3383:Abstract.
3379:Faruk Gul
3320:ch. 45–66
3209:Abstract.
3074:Abstract.
2820:154441911
2812:0889-938X
2766:1083-4346
2687:Abstract.
2660:Compare:
2648:144893872
2640:1040-0419
2488:251873459
2480:0014-1844
2382:: 32569.
2256:840307667
2204:143530850
2136:255292057
2120:0022-1309
1927:evolution
1652:(such as
1573:does not
1544:communism
1415:does not
1254:Karl Marx
1141:does not
1061:duopolies
1055:pricing,
998:economics
947:they fail
902:producer.
858:antitrust
773:or other
771:subsidies
755:countries
750:bidders.
712:Chevrolet
708:divisions
673:financing
596:oligopoly
568:resources
542:Economics
496:Education
178:territory
123:. Social
117:sociology
40:athletics
3812:(1982).
3740:(2014).
3687:Archived
3669:; 2002.
3665:; 1994.
3630:Archived
3592:Archived
3536:(1988).
3502:(1990).
3474:30032349
3448:contents
3395:Archived
3306:Abstract
3249:Archived
3212:Archived
3203:Abstract
3193:Archived
3190:Abstract
3165:Abstract
3005:p.
2952:Archived
2880:Archived
2770:Archived
2690:Archived
2567:Archived
2563:BBC News
2464:: 1–20.
2414:27599461
2357:20106856
2305:25351604
2281:: 5233.
2128:36579926
2031:Zero-sum
1950:See also
1801:neurosis
1775:or even
1773:industry
1737:football
1536:Cold War
1524:military
1468:politics
1396:Politics
1045:auctions
1037:modeling
896:licenses
885:monopoly
820:business
761:or of a
677:Investor
661:consumer
638:products
623:process.
592:monopoly
574:. Later
554:business
182:sunlight
145:cultural
80:usually
3997:8138889
3588:extract
3578:extract
3517:ch. 3–6
3452:preview
3422:preview
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3176:• From
3113:2555656
3056:of the
2854:1727409
2405:5013533
2384:Bibcode
2348:2936204
2283:Bibcode
2011:Sharing
1883:scholar
1769:country
1733:cricket
1717:archery
1654:fishing
1594:removed
1579:sources
1548:warfare
1534:in the
1516:country
1514:. Each
1501:funding
1489:funding
1436:removed
1421:sources
1329:scholar
1162:removed
1147:sources
1018:biology
767:tariffs
716:Pontiac
414:scholar
287:scholar
195:die out
163:ecology
141:history
51:rivalry
3995:
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3695:INSEAD
3661:1992.
3654:, ed.
3554:423–59
3546:vii–ix
3521:ch. 43
3515:v. 1,
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3434:, and
3408:167–88
3330:206–42
3328:, pp.
3294:241–82
3292:, pp.
3229:166–96
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3953:(PDF)
3930:(PDF)
3671:v. 3.
3470:JSTOR
3371:From
3334:et al
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3109:JSTOR
3052:• At
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2773:(PDF)
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1876:books
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1755:Trade
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1470:. In
1336:JSTOR
1322:books
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1022:poker
1010:logic
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665:money
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3993:PMID
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3724:2013
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3663:v. 1
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