People's Socialist Republic of Albania

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for socialism to actually exist. He said that, "the broad masses of the working people freely aired their views on the new Fundamental Law of our state of the dictatorship of the proletariat. About 1,500,000 people, practically the entire adult population of the country, participated in the meetings which were held, and about 300,000 people contributed to the discussion... The great popular discussion, characterized by a free and fruitful thrashing out of opinions, by lively and constructive debate, was a clear expression of our socialist democracy in action and the genuine sovereignty of the people. It demonstrated in practice that in socialist Albania the people are the masters, that nothing is done against their will." The numerous testimonies of those who suffered under the religious persecution of this era, however, casts serious doubts into how "free and fruitful" the thrashing out of opinions in this grand debate were, and consequently as critics of the regime would argue, the genuinely socialist character of Albania's socialist democracy.

1850:

Communist Party of Yugoslavia's Central Committee accused Hoxha of following "independent" policies and turning the Albanian people against Yugoslavia. This was the closest Hoxha ever came to being removed from power. Apparently attempting to buy support inside the Albanian Communist Party, Belgrade extended Tirana credits which were worth 40 million USD, an amount which was equivalent to 58% of Albania's 1947 state budget. A year later, Yugoslavia's credits accounted for nearly half of Albania's 1948 state budget. Relations worsened in the fall, however, when Spiru's commission developed an economic plan that stressed self-sufficiency, light industry, and agriculture. The Yugoslavs complained bitterly. Subsequently, at a November 1947 meeting of the Albanian Economic Central Committee, Spiru came under intense criticism, which was spearheaded by Xoxe. Failure to win support from anyone within the party (he was effectively a

5266:"Onset in 1967 of the campaign by Albania's communist party, the Albanian Party of Labour (PLA), to eradicate organised religion, a prime target of which was the Orthodox Church. Many churches were damaged or destroyed during this period, and many Greek-language books were banned because of their religious themes or orientation. Yet, as in other communist states, particularly in the Balkans, where measures which were putatively geared towards the consolidation of political control intersected with the pursuit of national integration, it is often impossible to draw sharp distinctions between the ideological and ethno-cultural bases of repression. This is all the more true in the case of Albania's anti-religious campaign because it was merely one element of the broader "Ideological and Cultural Revolution" which was begun by Hoxha in 1966 but whose main features he outlined at the PLA's Fourth Congress in 1961" 3438: 3142: 4721: 660: 2331:, sowing discord within the APL and army, and using economic blackmail. "Soviet rats were able to eat while the Albanian people were dying of hunger," Hoxha railed, referring to purposely delayed Soviet grain deliveries. Communist leaders loyal to Moscow described Hoxha's performance as "gangsterish" and "infantile," and the speech extinguished any chance of an agreement between Moscow and Tirana. For the next year, Albania played proxy for China. Pro-Soviet Communist parties, reluctant to confront China directly, criticized Beijing by castigating Albania. China, for its part, frequently gave prominence to the Albanians' fulminations against the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, which Tirana referred to as a "socialist hell." 4062: 131: 4308: 4672: 4451: 117: 4182: 2612: 4541: 3288: 4680: 4549: 4459: 4390: 4353: 4253: 4190: 4103: 3971: 3933: 3770: 3661: 3631: 3525: 3446: 3372: 3296: 3150: 1882:) meeting a month later, Xoxe proposed appealing to Belgrade to admit Albania as a seventh Yugoslav republic. However, when the Cominform expelled Yugoslavia on 28 June, Albania made a rapid about-face in its policy towards Yugoslavia. Three days later, Tirana gave the Yugoslav advisers in Albania 48 hours to leave the country, rescinded all bilateral economic agreements with its neighbor, and launched a virulent anti-Yugoslav propaganda blitz that transformed Stalin into an Albanian national hero, Hoxha into a warrior against foreign aggression, and Tito into an imperialist monster. 4382: 4215: 3795: 3401: 2884:

and laws, approving plans for economic and cultural development as well as state budget, ratifying international treaties, granting amnesty, defining the "administrative and territorial structure", and deciding on popular referendums. It also elected and dismissed the Presidium of the Peoples Assembly, the Council of Ministers, and the Supreme Court of Albania. The People's Assembly was composed of 250 deputies who were "elected in constituencies with an equal number of inhabitants" for a term of four years. It met in normal session twice per year.

5760: 4484: 3708: 1668: 2929:"Hoxha's modernization program aimed to transform Albania from a backward agrarian country into a modern industrial society, and indeed, within four decades, Albania made respectable, even historic, progress in the development of industry, agriculture, education, arts and culture. One of the most notable achievements has been the drainage of coastal swamps-formerly breeding grounds for malaria mosquitoes-and the reclamation of land for agricultural and industrial use. The historic reform of the language, which merged elements of the 4128: 3588: 2159:, the Albanian Communists relationship with the Union began to decline. Tirana and Belgrade renewed diplomatic relations in December 1953, but Hoxha refused Khrushchev's repeated appeals to posthumously rehabilitate the pro-Yugoslav Xoxe as a gesture to Tito. The Albanian duo instead entrenched their political position, expanding their control over their country's domestic life and letting the propaganda war with the Yugoslavs grind on. In 1955 Albania became a founding member of the Warsaw Treaty Organization, better known as the 3925: 3250: 4704: 3762: 3835: 2218: 3963: 223: 4245: 3226: 3608: 3169: 8272: 7536: 4648: 4517: 4427: 4286: 4223: 4136: 4070: 4032: 3860: 3669: 3563: 3481: 3409: 3347: 3258: 3201: 3115: 4509: 4345: 3473: 2397:

Tirana's propaganda continued to refer to Soviet officials as "treacherous revisionists" and "traitors to Communism," and in 1964, Hoxha said that Albania's terms for reconciliation were a Soviet apology to Albania and reparations for damages which it had inflicted on the country. Albania had also been feuding with Moscow over suggestions that Albania should focus on agriculture to the detriment of industrial development. Soviet-Albanian relations dipped to new lows after the

3555: 2486: 4748: 3885: 3852: 4640: 4328: 4024: 3320: 5704: 4419: 3745: 8115: 7694: 7608: 4278: 4095: 3691: 725: 2335: 2697:, Albania netted around US$ 750 in gross national product per capita throughout much of the 1980s. As Hoxha's health slipped, muted calls arose for the relaxation of party controls and greater openness. In response, Hoxha launched a fresh series of purges that removed the defense minister and many top military officials. A year later, Hoxha purged ministers who were responsible for the country's economy and replaced them with younger people. 8570: 4581: 685: 4573: 2427: 8453: 3905: 3725: 2672: 2494: 2226: 2945:(IDRA), showed that 42% of Albanians believe that Enver Hoxha had a positive impact on history – not much less than 45% who see his impact as negative. Citizens in the regions of southern and southwestern Albania that were interviewed, had the most positive view of Hoxha, with 55%. Approximately 35% of respondents said that the communist past was not a problem for them, while 62% saw it as "at least somewhat problematic". 4616: 4162: 3505: 4608: 4740: 2388:

promised machinery and equipment on time. The low productivity, flawed planning, poor workmanship, and inefficient management at Albanian enterprises became clear when Soviet and Eastern European aid and advisers were withdrawn. In 1962, the Albanian government introduced an austerity program, appealing to the people to conserve resources, cut production costs, and abandon unnecessary investment.

3815: 3193: 2144:. In July 1953, Hoxha handed over the foreign affairs and defense portfolios to loyal followers, but he kept both the top party post and the premiership until 1954, when Shehu became Albania's prime minister. The Soviet Union, responding with an effort to raise the Albanian leaders' morale, elevated diplomatic relations between the two countries to the ambassadorial level. 2530:

the military, and renounced professionalism in the army. Railing against a "white-collar mentality," the authorities also slashed the salaries of mid- and high-level officials, ousted administrators and specialists from their desk jobs, and sent such persons to toil in the factories and fields. Six ministries, including the Ministry of Justice, were eliminated.

2199:. There was further tension over a Comecon plan for integrating the East European economies, which called for Albania to produce agricultural goods and minerals instead of emphasizing the development of heavy industry. On a twelve-day visit to Albania in 1959, Khrushchev reportedly tried to convince Hoxha and Shehu that their country should aspire to become " 2307:. Albania's delegation, alone among the European delegations, supported the Chinese. The Soviet Union immediately retaliated by organizing a campaign to oust Hoxha and Shehu in the summer of 1960. Moscow cut promised grain deliveries to Albania during a drought, and the Soviet embassy in Tirana overtly encouraged a pro-Soviet faction in the 2120:

number of hospital beds rose from 1,765 in 1945 to about 5,500 in 1953. Better health-care and living conditions produced an improvement in Albania's dismal infant-mortality rate, lowering it from 112.2 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1945 to 99.5 deaths per 1,000 births in 1953. The education system, geared towards cementing

2311:(APL) to speak out against the party's pro-Chinese stance. Moscow also apparently involved itself in a plot within the APL to unseat Hoxha and Shehu by force. But given their tight control of the party machinery, army, and Shehu's secret police, the Directorate of State Security (Drejtorija e Sigurimit të Shtetit— 2692:

and it also began to stress the principle of self-reliance as the keystone of the country's strategy for economic development. Albania, however, did not have many resources of its own, and Hoxha's cautious opening to the outside world was not enough to bolster Albania's economy, and nascent movements

1571:

in August 1968. The government implemented reforms which were aimed at modernizing Albania, and they resulted in significant gains in the areas of industry, agriculture, education, the arts, and culture, which contributed to a general increase in the Albanian population's standard of living. However,

5391:

The survey, conducted by IDRA think tank and presented by OSCE Ambassador Bernd Borchardt, surprisingly revealed that 42 per cent of Albanians believed Stalinist dictator Enver Hoxha had a positive impact on history – not much less than the 45 percent who see his impact as negative. Some 35 per cent

2570:

On 1 November 1977, Enver Hoxha claimed in his Report submitted to the 7th Congress of the Party of Labor of Albania on the activity of the Party's Central Committee that the 1976 Constitution was an embodiment of the free will of the Albanian people, because genuine democracy was necessary in order

2529:

in China in 1966, Hoxha launched his own Cultural and Ideological Revolution. The Albanian leader concentrated on reforming the military, government bureaucracy, and economy as well as on creating new support for his system. The regime abolished military ranks, reintroduced political commissars into

2365:

China again compensated Albania for the loss of Soviet economic support, supplying about 90% of the parts, foodstuffs, and other goods the Soviet Union had promised. China lent Albania money on more favorable terms than Moscow, and, unlike Soviet advisers, Chinese technicians earned the same low pay

2194:

in 1956. Hoxha during this period purged party moderates with pro-Soviet and pro-Yugoslav leanings, however toned down his anti-Yugoslav rhetoric after a successful April 1957 trip to Moscow. This trip proved pivotal for the Albanian State, Hoxha having won cancellation of about US$ 105 million

1745:

In late 1945 and early 1946, Xoxe and other party hard-liners purged moderates who had pressed for close contacts with the West, a modicum of political pluralism, and a delay in the introduction of strict communist economic measures until Albania's economy had more time to develop. Hoxha remained in

1698:

In December 1944, the provisional government adopted laws allowing the state to regulate foreign and domestic trade, commercial enterprises, and the few industries the country possessed. The laws sanctioned confiscation of property belonging to political exiles and "enemies of the people." The state

2883:

According to the Albanian constitution of 1976, legislative powers were vested in the People's Assembly, which the constitution described as "the supreme organ of state power". Its competences included directing the internal and external policies of Albania, approving and amending the constitution

2844:

in national elections. The change from dictatorship to democracy came with many challenges. The Democratic Party had to implement the reforms it had promised, but they were either too slow or did not solve the country's problems, so people were disappointed when their hopes for fast prosperity went

2549:

had divided the Albanian nation and kept it mired in backwardness. Student agitators combed the countryside, forcing Albanians to quit practicing their faiths. Despite complaints, even by APL members, all churches, mosques, monasteries, and other religious institutions were closed or converted into

2124:

and creating the academic and technical cadres necessary for construction of a socialist state and society, also improved dramatically. The number of schools, teachers, and students doubled between 1945 and 1950. Illiteracy declined from perhaps 85% in 1946 to 31% in 1950. The Soviet Union provided

2119:

improved dramatically for Albania's 1.2 million people in the early 1950s. The number of Albanian doctors increased by a third to about 150 early in the decade (although the doctor-patient ratio remained unacceptable by most standards), and the state opened new medical-training facilities. The

1714:

Under the Agrarian Reform Law, which redistributed about half of Albania's arable land, the government confiscated property belonging to absentee landlords and people not dependent on agriculture for a living. The few peasants with agricultural machinery were permitted to keep up to 40 hectares (99

2725:

was enshrined in law and the government was prohibited from seeking financial aid or credits or forming joint companies with partners from capitalist or revisionist communist countries. The constitution's preamble also boasted that the foundations of religious belief had been abolished in Albania.

1729:

The assembly convened in January 1946. Its first act was to formally dethrone Zog, abolish the monarchy and to declare Albania a "people's republic." However, the country had already been under out-and-out Communist rule for just over two years. After months of angry debate, the assembly adopted a

2741:

family. Shehu allegedly committed suicide on 17 December 1981. Some suspect that Hoxha had him killed. Hoxha had Shehu's wife and three sons arrested, one of whom killed himself in prison. In November 1982, Hoxha announced that Shehu had been simultaneously working as a foreign spy for the United

2374:

in Europe and acted as China's chief spokesman at the United Nations. To Albania's dismay, however, Chinese equipment and technicians were not nearly as sophisticated as the Soviet goods and advisers they replaced. Ironically, a language barrier even forced the Chinese and Albanian technicians to

2345:

Hoxha and Shehu continued their harangue against the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia at the APL's Fourth Party Congress in February 1961. During the congress, the Albanian government announced the broad outlines of the country's Third Five-Year Plan (1961–65), which allocated 54% of all investment to

1885:

Albania entered an orbit around the Soviet Union, and in September 1948 Moscow stepped in to compensate for Albania's loss of Yugoslav aid. The shift proved to be a boon for Albania because Moscow had far more to offer Albania than hard-strapped Belgrade had. The fact that the Soviet Union had no

1702:

In August 1945, the provisional government adopted the first sweeping agricultural reforms in Albania's history. The country's 100 largest landowners, who controlled close to a third of Albania's arable land, had frustrated all agricultural reform proposals before the war. The communists' reforms

2839:

Alia's party won the elections on 31 March 1991—the first free elections held in decades. Nevertheless, it was clear that the change would not be stopped. The position of the communists was confirmed in the first round of elections under a 1991 interim law, but two months later, it fell during a

2749:

In 1983 Hoxha relinquished many of his duties due to poor health, and Alia assumed responsibility for Albania's administration. Alia traveled around Albania extensively, standing in for Hoxha at major events and delivering addresses laying down new policies and intoning litanies to the enfeebled

2700:

As Hoxha began to experience more health problems, he progressively withdrew from state affairs and took longer and more frequent leaves of absence. Meanwhile, he began to plan an orderly succession. He worked to institutionalize his policies, hoping to frustrate any attempt which his successors

1898:

in Albania brought the liquidation of 14 members of the party's 31 person Central Committee and 32 of the 109 People's Assembly deputies. Overall, the party expelled about 25% of its members. Yugoslavia responded by launching a propaganda counterattack and canceling its treaty of friendship with

1877:

The pro-Yugoslav faction wielded decisive political power in Albania well into 1948. At a party plenum in February and March, the communist leadership voted to merge the Albanian and Yugoslav economies and militaries. Hoxha even denounced Spiru for attempting to ruin Albanian-Yugoslav relations.

2387:

The shift away from the Soviet Union wreaked havoc on Albania's economy. Half of its imports and exports had been geared toward Soviet suppliers and markets, so the souring of Tirana's relations with Moscow brought Albania's foreign trade to near collapse as China proved incapable of delivering

2349:

After additional sharp exchanges between Soviet and Chinese delegates over Albania at the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Twenty-Second Party Congress in October 1961, Khrushchev lambasted the Albanians for executing an allegedly pregnant, pro-Soviet member of the Albanian party Politburo

2107:

Soviet-Albanian relations remained warm during the last years of Stalin's life, although Albania was an economic liability for the Soviet Union. Albania conducted all its foreign trade with Soviet European countries in 1949, 1950, and 1951 – and over half its trade with the Soviet Union itself.

1985:

Following a wave of subversive activity, including the failed infiltration and the March 1951 bombing of the Soviet embassy in Tirana, the Communist authorities implemented harsh internal security measures. In September 1952, the assembly enacted a penal code that required the death penalty for

1782:

In July 1946, Yugoslavia and Albania signed a treaty of friendship and cooperation that was quickly followed by a series of technical and economic agreements laying the groundwork for integrating the Albanian and Yugoslav economies. The pacts provided for coordinating the economic plans of both

1753:

in 1946. It nationalized all industries, transformed foreign trade into a government monopoly, brought almost all domestic trade under state control, and banned land sales and transfers. Planners at the newly founded Economic Planning Commission emphasized industrial development and in 1947 the

2622:

Albanian-Chinese relations had stagnated by 1970, and when China began to reemerge from isolation and the Cultural Revolution in the early 1970s, Mao and the other Chinese leaders reassessed their commitment to Albania. In response, Albania began to broaden its contacts with the outside world.

5415:

According to a survey report on the Understanding and Perception of Citizens of the Communist Past in Albania, almost half of the population of Albania sees Enver Hoxha's role in the history of the country as positive. The study found that 55 percent of citizens in the regions of southern and

2574:

During the Cultural and Ideological Revolution, traditional kinship links in Albania, which were centered on the patriarchal family, were shattered by the postwar repression of clan leaders, collectivization of agriculture, industrialization, migration from the countryside to urban areas, and

2396:

In October 1964, Hoxha hailed Khrushchev's fall from power, and the Soviet Union's new leaders made overtures to Tirana. It soon became clear, however, that the new Soviet leadership had no intention of changing its basic policies to suit Albania, and relations failed to improve. For decades,

1915:

personnel in the country, charging that they had instigated anti-Communist uprisings in the northern mountains. Britain announced in April that it would not send a diplomatic mission to Tirana; the United States withdrew its mission in November; and both the United States and Britain opposed

1849:

In 1947, Yugoslavia acted against anti-Yugoslav Albanian communists, including Hoxha and Spiru. In May, Tirana announced the arrest, trial, and conviction of nine People's Assembly members, all of whom were known for opposing Yugoslavia, on charges of antistate activities. A month later, the

1841:

Relations between Albania and Yugoslavia declined, however, when the Albanians began complaining that the Yugoslavs were paying too little for Albanian raw materials and exploiting Albania through the joint stock companies. In addition, the Albanians sought investment funds to develop light

2383:

agreements. The other East European communist nations, however, did not break diplomatic or trade links with Albania. In 1964, the Albanians went so far as to seize the empty Soviet embassy in Tirana, and Albanian workers pressed on with construction of the Palace of Culture on their own.

1715:

acres) of land. Landholdings of religious institutions and peasants without agricultural machinery were limited to 20 hectares (49 acres). Finally, landless peasants and peasants with tiny landholdings were given up to 5 hectares (12 acres), although they had to pay nominal compensation.

2558:

later stipulated in Article 37 that "The state recognizes no religion whatever and supports atheist propaganda for the purpose of inculcating the scientific materialist world outlook in people" and Article 55 explicitly forbade the formation of "any type of organization of a fascist,

2750:

president. Hoxha died on 11 April 1985. Alia succeeded Hoxha to the presidency and became the legal secretary of the APL two days later. In due course, he became a dominant figure in the Albanian media, and his slogans were painted in crimson letters on signboards across the country.

2186:". Hoxha, deeply alarmed by the denunciation, defended Stalin and refused to follow Khrushchev's attempt at stepping away from the prior Soviet Administration. As the first years of the Khrushchev Administration passed, Hoxha continued to maintain this position, including through the 2326:

Albania again sided with the People's Republic of China when it launched an attack on the Soviet Union's leadership of the international communist movement at the November 1960 Moscow conference of the world's 81 communist parties. Hoxha inveighed against Khrushchev for encouraging

3106: 2864:. The government attempted to suppress the rebellion by military force but the attempt failed, due to long-term corruption of the armed forces, forcing other nations to intervene. Pursuant to the 1991 interim basic law, Albanians ratified a constitution in 1998, establishing a 212: 2667:

of July 1975. Soon after Mao's death in 1976, Hoxha criticized the new leadership as well as Beijing's pragmatic policy towards the United States and Western Europe. China retorted by inviting Tito to visit Beijing in 1977 and ending assistance programs for Albania in 1978.

198: 210: 1982:, a Soviet double agent working as a liaison officer between the British intelligence service and the United States Central Intelligence Agency, had leaked details of the infiltration plan to Moscow, and the security breach claimed the lives of about 300 infiltrators. 204: 211: 2554:, a feat which was trumpeted as one of Enver Hoxha's greatest achievements. While the Albanian Constitution had formally guaranteed freedom of religion to the Albanian people right up until that time, religious freedom was virtually non-existent after 1967. The 1976 203: 206: 199: 197: 196: 192: 208: 194: 193: 191: 207: 205: 202: 209: 195: 2891:

The supreme and executive organ of the government was the Council of Ministers. They were appointed from among the ranks of the People's Assembly. Like the People's Assembly, it also had its own presidium, which was composed of a Chairman and Vice-Chairmen.

201: 200: 1986:

anyone over eleven years old who was found guilty of conspiring against the state, damaging state property, or committing economic sabotage. Political executions were common and between 5,000 and 25,000 people were killed in total during the Communist era.

1890:(APL), the former Albanian Communist Party which renamed itself at Stalin's suggestion, Hoxha pinned the blame for the country's woes on Yugoslavia and Xoxe. Hoxha had Xoxe sacked as Albania's internal affairs minister in October, and he was replaced with 2693:

for change stirred up inside Albania. Without Chinese or Soviet aid, the country began to experience widespread shortages of everything from machine parts to wheat and animal feed. Infrastructure and living standards began to collapse. According to the

2059:

paid direct contributions to the treasury from their profits and kept only a share authorized for self-financed investments and other purposes. In 1951 the Albanian government launched its first five-year plan, which emphasized utilizing the country's

2836:. On 11 December 1990, under enormous pressure from students and workers, Alia announced that the Party of Labor had abandoned its guaranteed right to rule, that other parties could be formed, and free elections would be held in the spring of 1991. 1730:

constitution that mirrored the Yugoslav and Soviet constitutions. A couple of months later, the assembly members chose a new government, which was emblematic of Hoxha's continuing consolidation of power: Hoxha became simultaneously prime minister,

2913: 2550:

warehouses, gymnasiums, and workshops by year's end. A special decree abrogated the charters by which the country's main religious communities had operated. The campaign culminated in an announcement that Albania had become the world's first

2887:

The Presidium of the People's Assembly was described as "a superior organ of the state power with permanent activity" in the 1976 constitution. It was composed of a President, three Vice-Presidents, one Secretary, and ten other members.

1778:

to Albania after the war. In January 1945, the two governments signed a treaty establishing Kosovo as a Yugoslav autonomous province. Shortly thereafter, Yugoslavia became the first country to recognize Albania's provisional government.

1846:, became the leading critic of Yugoslavia's efforts to exert economic control over Albania. Tito distrusted the intellectuals (Hoxha and his allies) of the Albanian Party and, through Xoxe and his loyalists, attempted to unseat them. 2768:

maintained firm control of the country and its security apparatus, but Albania's desperate economic situation required Alia to introduce some reforms. Continuing a policy set by Hoxha, Alia reestablished diplomatic relations with

2737:. Hoxha first tried to convince Shehu to voluntarily step aside, but when this move failed, Hoxha arranged for all of the members of the Politburo to rebuke him for allowing his son to become engaged to the daughter of a former 1866:. Rather, Yugoslavia represented Albania at Cominform meetings. Although the Soviet Union gave Albania a pledge to build textile and sugar mills and other factories and provide agricultural and industrial machinery to Albania, 190: 2583:

in traditional Albanian society, women did most of the work at home and they also did most of the work in the fields. Before World War II, about 90% of Albania's women were illiterate, and in many areas, they were regarded as

1861:

The insignificance of Albania's standing in the communist world was clearly highlighted when the emerging Eastern European nations did not invite the Party of Labour of Albania to the September 1947 founding meeting of the

1821:

Joint Albanian–Yugoslav companies were created for mining, railroad construction, the production of petroleum and electricity, and international trade. Yugoslav investments led to the construction of a sugar refinery in

4938:...the Treason Trial conducted by the Special Court (Gjyqi Special), at which 60 members of the pre-Communist establishment were sentenced to death and long prison sentences as war criminals and enemies of the people 1842:

industries and an oil refinery, while the Yugoslavs wanted the Albanians to concentrate on agriculture and raw-material extraction. The head of Albania's Economic Planning Commission, and Hoxha's right-hand man,

2588:

under ancient tribal laws and customs. During the Cultural and Ideological Revolution, the party encouraged women to take jobs outside the home in an effort to compensate for labor shortages and overcome their

2346:

industry, thereby rejecting Khrushchev's wish to make Albania primarily an agricultural producer. Moscow responded by canceling aid programs and lines of credit for Albania, but China again came to the rescue.

1838:, and a printing press, telephone exchange, and textile mill in Tirana. The Yugoslavs also bolstered the Albanian economy by paying three times the international price for Albanian copper and other materials. 2687:

left Albania with no foreign benefactor. Albania ignored calls to normalize relations by the United States and the Soviet Union. Instead, Albania expanded its diplomatic ties with Western Europe and the

2701:

might make to venture from the Stalinist path which he had blazed for Albania. In December 1976, Albania adopted its second Stalinist constitution of the postwar era. The document guaranteed Albanians

2136:

Stalin died in March 1953, and apparently fearing that the Soviet leader's demise might encourage rivals within the Albanian party's ranks, neither Hoxha nor Shehu risked traveling to Moscow to attend

2868:

based upon the rule of law and guaranteeing the protection of fundamental human rights. The name "People's Socialist Republic of Albania" was officially illegitimate after November 28, 1998 with the

2354:, and the Soviet Union finally broke diplomatic relations with Albania in December. Moscow then withdrew all Soviet economic advisers and technicians from the country, including those at work on the 1649:. In most of the rest of what became the Eastern Bloc, the Communist parties were nominally part of a coalition government for a few years before seizing full control and creating one-party states. 2140:. The Soviet Union's subsequent movement toward rapprochement with the Yugoslavs alarmed the two Albanian leaders. Tirana soon came under pressure from Moscow to copy, at least formally, the new 1265: 188: 4782: 1954:

to overthrow Albania's Communist government by backing anti-Communist and royalist forces within the country. By 1949 the United States and British intelligence organizations were working with

2323:, were eventually tried and executed. The PRC immediately began making up for the cancellation of Soviet wheat shipments despite a paucity of foreign currency and its own economic hardships. 2195:

in outstanding loans and about US$ 7.8 million in additional food assistance. By 1958, however, tensions had re-sparked between Hoxha and Tito, with continued conflict over the issue of

1699:

also expropriated all German- and Italian-owned property, nationalized transportation enterprises, and canceled all concessions granted by previous Albanian governments to foreign companies.

6881: 963: 5056: 2534:

even spread to the remote mountains. In addition, the government attacked dissident writers and artists, reformed its educational system, and generally reinforced Albania's isolation from

1943:. Britain challenged Albania by sailing four destroyers into the channel. Two of the ships struck mines on 22 October 1946, and 44 crew members died. Britain complained to the UN and the 2742:

States, British, Soviet, and Yugoslav intelligence agencies in planning the assassination of Hoxha himself. "He was buried like a dog," Hoxha wrote in the Albanian edition of his book,

2272:

in Tirana as a symbol of the Soviet people's "love and friendship" for the Albanians. But despite these gestures, Tirana was dissatisfied with Moscow's economic policy towards Albania.

1886:

common border with Albania also appealed to the Albanian regime because it made it more difficult for Moscow to exert pressure on Tirana. In November at the First Party Congress of the

189: 2366:

as Albanian workers and lived in similar housing. China also presented Albania with a powerful radio transmission station from which Tirana sang the praises of Stalin, Hoxha, and

2104:

of farmland in 1955. At the time, private farms still produced about 87% of Albania's agricultural output, but by 1960 the same percentage came from collective or state farms.

1588:

and executions. However, other direct Albanian sources establish the number of approximately 6,000 executions, mostly carried out in the period of the civil war (1941-1944).

5682: 5034: 2358:, and halted shipments of supplies and spare parts for equipment already in place in Albania. In addition, the Soviet Union continued to dismantle its naval installations on 5779: 2555: 1726:(previously the National Liberation Movement). Official ballot tallies showed that 92% of the electorate voted and that 93% of the voters chose the Democratic Front ticket. 519: 5329: 2032:. Soviet and East European technical advisers took up residence in Albania, and the Soviet Union also sent Albania military advisers and built a submarine installation on 2444: 150: 5227:; p. 138 "Because of its association with the years of repression under communism, Albanians have developed an aversion to collective life in any form, even where it" 2710: 2542: 1028: 1255: 130: 6513: 4960:; p. 222 "the French Communist Party, then ultra-Stalinist in orientation. He may have owed some aspects of his political thought and general psychology to that" 2265: 2174:

Hoxha and Shehu, utilizing their immediate successes and Albanians' deep-seated fear of Yugoslav domination, were able to successfully maintain power during the

1815: 8075: 1695:". Many were sentenced to death. Those spared were imprisoned for years in work camps and jails and later settled on state farms built on reclaimed marshlands. 8936: 7854: 6518: 5392:

of respondents to the survey based on 995 people said the communist past was not a problem for them, while 62 per cent saw it as at least somewhat problematic.

4777: 2541:

After the 5th Congress of the Party of Labor of Albania and Enver Hoxha's speech on 6 February 1967, the authorities launched a violent campaign to extinguish

2232:

built during Hoxha's rule to avert the possibility of external invasions. By 1983 approximately 173,371 concrete bunkers were scattered throughout the country.

1907:

Albania's relations with the West soured after the Communist government's refusal to allow free elections in December 1945. Albania restricted the movement of

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but subordinated these rights to the individual's duties to society as a whole. The constitution continued to emphasize national pride and unity, the idea of

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scholarships for Albanian students and supplied specialists and study materials to improve instruction in Albania. The State University of Tirana (later the

1547:. Described by scholars as a totalitarian state, travel and visa restrictions made Albania one of the most difficult countries to visit or travel from. Being 6147: 5928: 2852:

the Democratic Party tried to win an absolute majority by manipulating the results. This government collapsed in 1997 in the wake of additional collapses of

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states, standardizing their monetary systems, and creating a common pricing system and a customs union. So close was the Yugoslav-Albanian relationship that

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general strike. A committee of "national salvation" took over but it also collapsed within six months. On 22 March 1992, the Communists were trumped by the

1660:, the LNÇ quickly moved to consolidate its power, liberate the country's tenants and workers, and fraternally link Albania with other socialist countries. 1634:(In Albanian: Lëvizja Nacional-Çlirimtare LNÇ). The Anti-Fascist National Liberation Council, formed in May, became the country's provisional government. 304: 8931: 2000:

Albania primarily depended on Soviet assistance and know-how after its break with Yugoslavia in 1948. In February 1949, Albania gained membership in the

1133: 1064: 8891: 2268:. The Soviet Union, other Eastern European countries, and China all offered Albania large amounts of aid. Soviet leaders also promised to build a large 5675: 3065:

activities in 1968, it conducted a self-reliance policy for national defence. It was dissolved in 1990 and is retained in its current form through the

1978:); and infiltrated them into Albania. Guerrilla units entered Albania in 1950 and 1952, but Albanian security forces killed or captured all of them. 1939:

between Albania and Britain erupted in 1946 after Tirana claimed jurisdiction over the channel between the Albanian mainland and the Greek island of

1814:

was desperate for outside aid, and about 20,000 tons of Yugoslav grain helped stave off famine. Albania also received US$ 26.3 million from the

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in December 1989, Alia expedited his reforms, apparently concerned about violence and his own fate if radical changes were not made. He signed the

2660: 2655:. Albania actively worked to reduce its dependence on China by diversifying trade and improving diplomatic and cultural relations, especially with 2280:

apparently decided in either May or June 1960 that Albania was assured of Chinese support, and when sharp polemics erupted between the PRC and the

7445: 7064: 6979: 5064: 2183: 1319: 116: 7742: 6707: 1592: 1479: 560: 5380: 7732: 5668: 5602: 5431: 5259: 7737: 6756: 6320: 5771: 4208: 801: 2821: 2163:, the only military alliance the nation ever joined. Although the pact represented the first promise Albania had obtained from any of the 6969: 6649: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5247:; p. 2 "Enver Hoxha's regime was haunted by fears of external intervention and internal subversion. Albania thus became a fortress state" 2288:, at the time a candidate-member of the Politburo and Hoxha's adviser on ideological questions, played a prominent role in the rhetoric. 1069: 893: 4906: 2647:. Albania's leaders abhorred the contacts of China with the United States in the early 1970s, and its press and radio ignored President 2567:, war-mongering, and anti-socialist activities and propaganda, as well as the incitement of national and racial hatred are prohibited." 122: 8946: 7495: 2168: 8951: 8788: 8640: 6636: 6176: 2141: 1810:

to include Albania, Yugoslavia, and Bulgaria. Yugoslav advisers poured into Albania's government offices and its army headquarters.

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The policies which were pursued by Enver Hoxha and his followers influenced political and economic thought around the world. Thus,

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control despite the fact that he had once advocated restoring relations with Italy and even allowing Albanians to study in Italy.

8941: 8446: 8431: 8275: 8210: 7658: 6386: 3141: 2872:, although the old communist symbols were already withdrawn and got replaced with the current coat of arms and flag of Albania. 2044:. What little strategic value Albania offered the Soviet Union, however, gradually shrank as nuclear-arms technology developed. 8070: 7027: 6661: 6554: 6391: 6123: 5875: 5813: 3437: 2398: 2009: 1631: 1568: 1180: 761: 8168: 8108: 8080: 8014: 6999: 6202: 6089: 5614: 5443: 5288: 5201: 4931: 3061:) was the term for the national army of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania from 1946 to 1990. After withdrawing from 2108:

Together with its satellites, the Soviet Union underwrote shortfalls in Albania's balance-of-payments with long-term grants.

1637:

The government, like the LNÇ, was dominated by the two-year-old Communist Party of Albania, and the party's first secretary,

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were aimed at squeezing large landowners out of business, winning peasant support, and increasing farm output to avert

1607:. The People's Socialist Republic of Albania was officially dissolved on 28 November 1998 upon the adoption of the new 1472: 1217: 1088: 923: 841: 771: 766: 751: 400: 8726: 8661: 8635: 8093: 8009: 7887: 7670: 7480: 7435: 7420: 7415: 7390: 7314: 7019: 6846: 6826: 6751: 6666: 6631: 6589: 6187: 5244: 5224: 5098: 5085: 4957: 2466: 2405:. The invasion served as the tipping point, and within one month (September 1968) Albania formally withdrew from the 2017: 908: 873: 811: 786: 781: 346: 136: 3040: 8961: 8911: 8696: 8360: 7822: 7440: 7268: 6906: 6717: 6313: 6172: 6053: 5989: 5718: 4004: 3990: 3956: 2037: 1874:, at the time a high-ranking member of Yugoslavia's communist hierarchy, that Yugoslavia should "swallow" Albania. 1517: 1241: 1009: 862: 776: 665: 480: 5025: 8441: 6911: 6260: 6143: 5994: 5933: 5723: 2912:. Following the fall of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania in 1991, the Hoxhaist parties regrouped as an 2521:, which demanded that art and literature serve as instruments of government and party policy. As a result, after 2025: 2021: 1719: 1436: 1143: 1097: 883: 821: 806: 457: 1774:

under pressure from the Yugoslavs, Albania's communists had given up on their demands for a Yugoslav cession of

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southwestern Albania that were interviewed, had the most positive view of Albania's former communist dictator.

4307: 8896: 8666: 8517: 8175: 7993: 7882: 7475: 7309: 7248: 6943: 6841: 6621: 6265: 6014: 5743: 2817: 2241: 1465: 1451: 1185: 939: 857: 735: 1920:(UN). Albania feared that the United States and Britain, which were supporting anti-Communist forces in the 8966: 8686: 8436: 8040: 7775: 7697: 7682: 7563: 7516: 7455: 7127: 6987: 6686: 6676: 6445: 6250: 6114: 6104: 5943: 4321: 3738: 2759: 2191: 2130: 1707:. The government annulled outstanding agricultural debts, granted peasants access to inexpensive water for 1556: 1446: 1401: 1356: 1165: 1160: 1155: 631: 547: 160: 4827:

Kushtetuta e Republikës Popullore Socialiste të Shqipërisë: miratuar nga Kuvendi Popullor më 28. 12. 1976

2055:

policy and economics. In 1949 Albania adopted the basic elements of the Soviet fiscal system, under which

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parties were founded in many countries and they based their ideology on Enver Hoxha's ideas as to how a

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Congressional record, 66th Congress, 2nd session, Volume 59, Part 7 (4 May 1920 to 24 May 1920), p. 7160

8814: 8379: 8265: 8220: 8215: 8158: 8153: 8118: 8065: 7616: 7578: 7490: 7485: 6798: 6681: 6480: 5868: 5088:; p. 210 "with the split in the world communist movement it moved into a close relationship with China" 2954: 2806: 2308: 2296: 2257: 1723: 1528: 1416: 1227: 944: 30:

This article is about the government which existed between 1946 and 1991. For the current country, see

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remained the only countries that the Soviet Union could use to supply war material to the communists

1995: 1750: 1642: 1329: 506: 4671: 8824: 8143: 7573: 7460: 7319: 6992: 6916: 6549: 6450: 4181: 3788: 2315:), the two Albanian leaders easily parried the threat. Four pro-Soviet Albanian leaders, including 2175: 35: 8456: 5256: 2611: 8916: 8861: 8766: 8691: 8482: 8369: 8313: 7988: 7869: 7755: 7601: 7511: 7465: 7405: 7354: 7339: 7299: 7243: 7232: 7120: 6856: 6361: 6230: 6156: 5960: 5358: 4540: 3287: 2869: 2798: 2437: 1887: 1770:

in 1948, Albania was effectively a Yugoslav satellite. In repudiating the 1943 Albanian internal

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member to formally withdraw from the alliance before 1990, an action which was occasioned by the

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to succeed him as Albania's communist patriarch, overlooking his long-standing comrade-in-arms,

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to defend its borders, the treaty did nothing to assuage the Albanian leaders' deep mistrust of

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and the mountainmen of his personal guard. They recruited Albanian refugees and émigrés from

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immediately after the war but had to rely on Yugoslavia for investment and development aid.

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in 1968, and Albania felt that the Soviet Union had become too liberal since the death of

8: 8771: 8497: 8426: 8133: 7983: 7877: 7817: 7812: 7797: 7634: 7430: 7369: 6866: 6574: 6425: 6378: 6366: 6245: 6224: 6218: 5690: 3660: 2825: 2802: 2718: 2684: 2606: 2526: 2505:

In the mid-1960s, Albania's leaders grew wary of a threat to their power by a burgeoning

2196: 2164: 1742:. Xoxe remained both internal affairs minister and the party's organizational secretary. 1688: 1600: 1406: 534: 4214: 3400: 2147:

Despite some cautious expressions of enthusiasm, Hoxha and Shehu quickly turned against

1207: 8854: 8847: 8819: 8195: 7970: 7951: 7928: 7897: 7596: 7344: 7304: 7258: 7155: 7147: 6861: 6440: 6430: 6255: 6138: 5138: 4797: 4772: 4381: 2861: 2829: 2689: 2229: 1951: 1739: 1596: 1581: 1396: 1102: 1049: 7284: 5013:"WHPSI": The World Handbook of Political and Social Indicators by Charles Lewis Taylor 4483: 2575:

suppression of religion. The postwar regime brought a radical change in the status of

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was proclaimed on 29 April 1991 and the country's first parliamentary elections were

1324: 1250: 1107: 443: 265: 7294: 7014: 3794: 3587: 1653: 8870: 8716: 8573: 8560: 8347: 8338: 8258: 7385: 7359: 6559: 5918: 3924: 3918: 3581: 3249: 2664: 2576: 2535: 2261: 2249: 2155:" and "different roads to socialism". Raising concerns over supposed steps towards 2101: 2056: 1959: 1894:. After a secret trial in May 1949, Xoxe was executed. The subsequent anti-Titoist 1735: 1731: 1548: 1544: 1117: 178: 4127: 3834: 3761: 3707: 2217: 8754: 8593: 8540: 8323: 8180: 7289: 7182: 6601: 6133: 6094: 5955: 5263: 4787: 3962: 2905: 2880:

During its communist era, Albania was governed by the Party of Labor of Albania.

2410: 2328: 2041: 1929: 1921: 1803: 1799: 1771: 1646: 1509: 1309: 1212: 297: 5127:. Tirana, Albania: The "Naim Frasheri" Publishing House. 1971. pp. 624–625. 7923: 7349: 6974: 6539: 6275: 6270: 5385: 4828: 4244: 3225: 2853: 2656: 2001: 1955: 1917: 1912: 1871: 1784: 1661: 1421: 1232: 5166:. Tirana, Albania: The "8 Nentori" Publishing House. 1977. pp. 20, 26–27. 4703: 3607: 3168: 8885: 8598: 8487: 8271: 7054: 6808: 6564: 6475: 6354: 6285: 6119: 5601: 5430: 4697: 4665: 4566: 4534: 3431: 3337: 2937:

dialects into a unified literary language, was also a symbol of this change."

2934: 2930: 2648: 2551: 2402: 2334: 1908: 1867: 1552: 1431: 1294: 1222: 1175: 959: 275: 5405:"Former dictator still seen in positive light by many Albanians, poll shows" 4344: 2593:. Hoxha himself proclaimed that anyone who trampled on the party's edict on 1831: 1722:, but voters were presented with a single list from the Communist-dominated 8356: 7975: 7059: 6948: 6928: 6470: 5999: 5896: 5884: 5832: 5775: 5728: 5578:"The North Korea Of Europe: Listing Socialist Albania's Military Equipment" 5409: 4753: 4653: 4522: 4432: 4291: 4228: 4141: 4075: 4037: 3898: 3865: 3674: 3621: 3601: 3568: 3548: 3486: 3472: 3414: 3352: 3263: 3206: 3135: 3120: 3013: 2987: 2981: 2833: 2794: 2770: 2734: 2590: 2359: 2281: 2277: 2033: 2029: 1975: 1891: 1657: 888: 714: 619: 431: 377: 365: 8578: 5634: 4841:"Consequences of the Totalitarian Past on Albanian post-communist society" 3554: 2485: 1676: 6788: 6773: 6420: 6048: 5837: 4639: 4327: 4023: 3884: 3851: 3319: 3062: 3007: 2961: 2790: 2738: 2644: 2563:

and anti-socialist character" and stated that "Fascist, anti-democratic,

2510: 2506: 2498: 2406: 2376: 2273: 2160: 1638: 1564: 1524: 1351: 1341: 991: 950: 928: 419: 323: 237: 5404: 4508: 4418: 3744: 1539:, style of state administration and adhering to policies which stressed 8530: 8461: 7202: 6298: 4854:(1): 138–141 – via European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies. 4412: 4277: 2993: 2967: 2765: 2730: 2694: 2522: 2451: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2367: 2338: 2320: 2316: 2285: 1979: 1855: 1843: 1823: 1708: 1314: 1192: 389: 335: 5179:

REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE 7th CONGRESS OF THE PARTY OF LABOUR OF ALBANIA

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and it was the only European country that refused to take part in the

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Albania and in 1950, it withdrew its diplomatic mission from Tirana.

1879: 1863: 1767: 1692: 1532: 1202: 1004: 287: 5181:. Tirana, Albania: The "8 Nentori" Publishing House. pp. 14–15. 4572: 2615: 2426: 8550: 8535: 7765: 7217: 7212: 7192: 7187: 7112: 6490: 4907:""The truth about the 6000 people killed by communists in Albania"" 4733: 4271: 3904: 3724: 2901: 2832:(which was signed by other countries in 1975) which respected some 2786: 2671: 2546: 2493: 2312: 2182:

in 1956, when Khrushchev denounced Stalin's Administration in his "

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in 1978, with slogans and propaganda on all of the main buildings

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Religion and Atheism in the U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe, Review

4621: 4502: 4444: 4161: 3504: 3219: 2778: 2676: 2636: 2624: 2517:, and low-quality goods. Writers strayed from the orthodoxy of 2362:, a process that had begun even before the break in relations. 2073: 2069: 2048: 1967: 1811: 1775: 1749:

The government took major steps to introduce a Stalinist-style

1704: 612: 255: 4739: 4607: 8588: 6793: 6763: 5257:

The Greek Minority in Albania – In the Aftermath of Communism

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Shoqata Mbarëkombëtare e të Përndjekurve Politikë Shqiptare

4375: 4055: 3498: 2908:

should be constructed and embraced his strict adherence to

2632: 2081: 913: 878: 741: 156:"Albania, you give me honor, you give me the name Albanian" 5164:

CONSTITUTION OF THE PEOPLE'S SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA

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Constitution of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania

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Albanian poster in 1978: Marxism-Leninism: Victorious flag

2012:(Comecon). Tirana soon entered into trade agreements with 1950:

After 1946 the United States and the United Kingdom began

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communicate in Russian. Albanians no longer took part in

2061: 1754:

government introduced the Soviet cost-accounting system.

1687:

of many non-communist politicians who were condemned as "

1645:. From the start, the LNC government was an undisguised 1523:

During this time period, the country was ruled mainly by

5057:"Hapet dosja, ja harta e bunkerëve dhe tuneleve sekretë" 2100:

after the APL's Second Party Congress and a campaign of

1902: 27:

Socialist State in Southeastern Europe from 1946 to 1991

2509:. Party discipline had eroded. People complained about 1816:

United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration

5330:"The Constitution of the People's Republic of Albania" 5063:(in Albanian). Tirana. 5 December 2014. Archived from 2497:

Mount Shpiragu as seen from Berat showing the name of

2416: 5691:

Countries of Eastern and Central Europe during their

2781:. The very gradual and slight reforms intensified as 1947:

which, in its first case ever, ruled against Tirana.

1858:

the very next day and his death framed as a suicide.

1591:

The first multi-party elections in Socialist Albania

1336:

De-satellization of the Socialist Republic of Romania

3041:

Albanian Naval Force § During the Socialist Era

2051:, Albania's Communist Party implemented elements of 1787:

became a required subject in Albanian high schools.

7720: 5381:"Albania Survey Shocks Victims of Communist Regime" 4778:

Islam in the People's Socialist Republic of Albania

2943:

Institute for Development Research and Alternatives

2370:for decades. For its part, Albania offered China a 1504:from 1946 until 1976, and from 1991 to 1992 as the 5024: 2975:Chairmen of the Presidium of the People's Assembly 2391: 1664:was permanently barred from returning to Albania. 1630:On 29 November 1944, Albania was liberated by the 347:Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly 227:The People's Socialist Republic of Albania in 1989 5080:; by Miranda Vickers & James Pettifer, 1999 2639:states, and in 1971 it normalised relations with 8883: 5239:; by Miranda Vickers & James Pettifer, 1999 5219:; by Miranda Vickers & James Pettifer, 1999 4952:; by Miranda Vickers & James Pettifer, 1999 2661:Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe 151:Ti Shqipëri, më jep nder, më jep emrin Shqipëtar 2773:in return for development aid and also courted 2036:. After the Soviet-Yugoslav split, Albania and 5359:"Albania - Collapse of communism | Britannica" 5281:Modern Albania: From Dictatorship to Democracy 176: 95: 75: 56: 8937:States and territories disestablished in 1991 7128: 6314: 5869: 5676: 5603:International Institute for Strategic Studies 5432:International Institute for Strategic Studies 4923:A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History 2914:international conference and the publication 2538:in an effort to keep out foreign influences. 1757: 1671:Partisans entering Tirana on 29 November 1944 1473: 4919: 2413:made no attempt to force Albania to remain. 3037:Albanian Air Force § Socialist Albania 1711:, and nationalized forest and pastureland. 1498:Republika Popullore Socialiste e Shqipërisë 161:Proletarë të të gjitha vendeve, bashkohuni! 77:Republika Popullore Socialiste e Shqipërisë 8932:States and territories established in 1946 7135: 7121: 6321: 6307: 5876: 5862: 5683: 5669: 5337:Global Citizenship Observatory (GLOBALCIT) 5237:Albania: From Anarchy to a Balkan Identity 5217:Albania: From Anarchy to a Balkan Identity 5139:"Albania – Hoxha's Antireligious Campaign" 5091: 5078:Albania: From Anarchy to a Balkan Identity 4950:Albania: From Anarchy to a Balkan Identity 2862:chaos and rebellion throughout the country 2096:. The government began a program of rapid 1718:In December 1945, Albanians elected a new 1626:Consolidation of power and initial reforms 1480: 1466: 221: 5194:The Resurrection of the Church in Albania 5099:"1955: Communist states sign Warsaw Pact" 4839:Pajo, Matilda (September–December 2016). 4492:(For 57mm S-60 and 100mm KS-19 AA guns). 2467:Learn how and when to remove this message 1595:– the Communists gained a majority in an 8203: 8058: 6328: 6020:Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia 5278: 5125:HISTORY OF THE PARTY OF LABOR OF ALBANIA 4887:"Socialist Albania: The Stalinist state" 2670: 2610: 2492: 2484: 2333: 2236:Albania played a pronounced role in the 2224: 2216: 2206: 1666: 7466:Albanian resistance during World War II 5426: 5424: 5378: 3073:Socialist Albania’s Military Equipment 2623:Albania opened trade negotiations with 1989: 1974:, and the Federal Republic of Germany ( 1551:, it declared itself the world's first 1531:. They ruled Albania by establishing a 166:"Proletarians of all countries, unite!" 14: 8892:People's Socialist Republic of Albania 8884: 8452: 6124:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 5643:Political Parties in Albania 1912–2006 5571: 5569: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5559: 5557: 5555: 5553: 5551: 5549: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5541: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5527: 5525: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5517: 5515: 5513: 5511: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5501: 5499: 5497: 5495: 5493: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5483: 5481: 5479: 5477: 5475: 5191: 5022: 4971:Albania As Dictatorship And Democracy. 4370:Static Surface-To-Air Missile Systems 2399:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 2295:burst into the open in June 1960 at a 2244:(PRC) in opposing Moscow on issues of 2142:Soviet model for collective leadership 2111:Although far behind Western practice, 2010:Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 1569:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 1494:People's Socialist Republic of Albania 65:People's Socialist Republic of Albania 7116: 6302: 6090:1949 East German State Railway strike 6062:World Federation of Democratic Youth 5857: 5664: 5650:Political System in Albania 1912–2008 5473: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5455: 5379:Mejdini, Fatjona (12 December 2016). 5374: 5372: 5274: 5272: 5176: 4817:Human Development Report 1990, p. 111 2284:, they openly sided with the former. 1952:implementing an elaborate covert plan 1903:Deteriorating relations with the West 1549:Europe's only Muslim-majority country 7142: 5961:Soviet response to the Marshall Plan 5421: 4870:The Slavic and East European Journal 4838: 2449:adding citations to reliable sources 2420: 2303:attempted to secure condemnation of 1516:from 1946 to 1991. It succeeded the 1015:World Federation of Democratic Youth 574:1992 Albanian parliamentary election 5037:from the original on 14 August 2021 5026:"A Stalinist Dowager in Her Bunker" 2481:Cultural and Ideological Revolution 2417:Cultural and Ideological Revolution 2180:Communist Party of the Soviet Union 1656:after their collaboration with the 1580:, for the purposes of preventing a 24: 6183:Sovietization of the Baltic states 5452: 5369: 5269: 2948: 2597:should be "hurled into the fire." 2240:. By 1958, Albania stood with the 2047:Aligned with the orthodox line of 1572:these developments coincided with 1563:slowly increased. It was the only 1089:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states 25: 8978: 8947:1991 disestablishments in Albania 7406:Principality of Albania (1914–25) 7391:Provisional Government of Albania 6054:World Federation of Trade Unions 5656: 5635:Library of Congress Country Study 5609:. London: Brassey's. p. 84. 5438:. London: Brassey's. p. 83. 2803:collapse of communist governments 2004:'s organization for coordinating 1878:During a party Political Bureau ( 1652:Having sidelined the nationalist 8952:1991 disestablishments in Europe 8568: 8451: 8270: 8114: 8113: 7693: 7692: 7607: 7606: 7534: 6271:January 1991 events in Lithuania 5929:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina 5883: 5758: 5702: 5575: 4746: 4738: 4719: 4702: 4678: 4670: 4646: 4638: 4614: 4606: 4579: 4571: 4547: 4539: 4515: 4507: 4482: 4457: 4449: 4425: 4417: 4388: 4380: 4351: 4343: 4326: 4306: 4284: 4276: 4251: 4243: 4221: 4213: 4188: 4180: 4160: 4134: 4126: 4101: 4093: 4068: 4060: 4030: 4022: 3969: 3961: 3931: 3923: 3903: 3883: 3858: 3850: 3833: 3813: 3793: 3768: 3760: 3743: 3723: 3706: 3689: 3667: 3659: 3629: 3606: 3586: 3561: 3553: 3523: 3503: 3479: 3471: 3444: 3436: 3407: 3399: 3370: 3345: 3318: 3294: 3286: 3256: 3248: 3224: 3199: 3191: 3167: 3148: 3140: 3113: 3105: 2600: 2425: 2329:Greek claims to southern Albania 1518:Democratic Government of Albania 1010:World Federation of Trade Unions 723: 683: 666:Democratic Government of Albania 658: 186: 129: 115: 58:Republika Popullore e Shqipërisë 5995:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic 5607:The Military Balance, 1989-1990 5595: 5436:The Military Balance, 1989-1990 5397: 5351: 5322: 5297: 5250: 5230: 5210: 5185: 5170: 5156: 5131: 5117: 5071: 5049: 5016: 5007: 4998: 4989: 4976: 2941:A 2016 survey conducted by the 2866:democratic system of government 2785:introduced his new policies of 2631:, and the recently independent 2436:needs additional citations for 2392:Withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact 2088:and the power grid; increasing 1928:, would back Greek demands for 1806:talked of plans to establish a 1675:The internal affairs minister, 8942:1946 establishments in Albania 8789:Orders, decorations and medals 7396:Albania during the Balkan Wars 6827:Azerbaijan People's Government 4963: 4943: 4913: 4899: 4879: 4858: 4832: 4821: 4810: 3389:Amphibious Transport Vehicles 2850:general elections of June 1996 2129:) was founded in 1957 and the 1966:, and Greece; trained them in 1945:International Court of Justice 13: 1: 7436:Albanian Republic (1925–1928) 7310:Massacre of the Albanian Beys 6276:January 1991 events in Latvia 6266:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 6015:Socialist Republic of Romania 5990:People's Republic of Bulgaria 5982:People's Republic of Albania 5951:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état 5627: 5339:. Bjoern Andersen. March 2005 5283:. NYU Press. pp. 28–29. 4926:, I. B. Tauris, p. 388, 2875: 2753: 1930:territory in southern Albania 1826:, a food-processing plant in 1683:tinsmith", presided over the 1452:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 7441:Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939) 7416:Autonomous Province of Korçë 6261:Collapse of the Soviet Union 6251:Fall of communism in Albania 5196:. Geneva: WCC Publications. 5023:Perlez, Jane (8 July 1997). 5004:15 Feb 1994 Washington Times 4864:Majeska, George P. (1976). " 4472:(For HQ-2), (Not yet seen). 3276:Armoured Personnel Carriers 2760:Fall of communism in Albania 2131:Albanian Academy of Sciences 1790:Yugoslavia signed a similar 1632:National Liberation Movement 1557:fall of communism in Albania 1502:People's Republic of Albania 1447:Fall of communism in Albania 1402:Polish Round Table Agreement 1357:Cuban intervention in Angola 48:People's Republic of Albania 7: 7476:Orthography Congress (1972) 7471:Communist Albania (1946–91) 7451:Italian invasion of Albania 7401:Republic of Central Albania 7381:Declaration of Independence 7325:Albanian National Awakening 6867:Kurdish Republic of Mahabad 6236:End of communism in Hungary 6005:Hungarian People's Republic 4766: 3332:Armoured Recovery Vehicles 3238:Armoured Fighting Vehicles 3055:Ushtria Popullore Shqiptare 3026: 2870:new Constitution of Albania 1796:Bulgarian People's Republic 1593:took place on 31 March 1991 835:Allied and satellite states 10: 8983: 8907:Former socialist republics 7446:Union with Italian kingdom 6000:German Democratic Republic 5305:"Albania 1998 (rev. 2008)" 3950:Multiple Rocket Launchers 3030: 2955:Party of Labour of Albania 2807:Central and Eastern Europe 2757: 2659:. But Albania shunned the 2604: 2478: 2309:Party of Labour of Albania 2258:separate road to socialism 2242:People's Republic of China 2210: 1993: 1758:Albanian–Yugoslav tensions 1618: 1614: 1576:by the secret police, the 1529:Party of Labour of Albania 29: 8841: 8807: 8740: 8709: 8654: 8623: 8616: 8559: 8516: 8470: 8393: 8355: 8346: 8305: 8301: 8292: 8194: 8126: 8102: 8049: 8023: 8002: 7963: 7959: 7950: 7906: 7868: 7830: 7784: 7711: 7646: 7642: 7633: 7587: 7556: 7552: 7543: 7532: 7504: 7368: 7267: 7231: 7163: 7154: 7101: 6962: 6894: 6819: 6726: 6695: 6609: 6598: 6527: 6506: 6337: 6211: 6188:Information dissemination 6165: 6115:1956 Hungarian Revolution 6105:1953 East German uprising 6073: 6031: 5974: 5911: 5891: 5828: 5809: 5767: 5756: 5709: 5700: 5279:Abrahams, Fred C (2015). 4982:Zitat nach: G. H. Hodos: 4676: 4597: 4496: 4455: 4406: 4369: 4282: 4132: 4048: 3967: 3960: 3949: 3856: 3766: 3665: 3647: 3559: 3541: 3477: 3462: 3425: 3388: 3331: 3292: 3275: 3237: 3197: 3180: 3146: 3127: 3124: 3094: 2953:First Secretaries of the 2895: 2801:in November 1989 and the 2543:religious life in Albania 1996:Albanian-Soviet relations 1916:admitting Albania to the 1751:centrally planned economy 1559:in 1991, the practice of 1372:1984 Los Angeles Olympics 699: 637: 627: 607: 587: 583: 570: 557: 544: 531: 516: 503: 490: 477: 473: 463: 453: 449: 437: 425: 413: 409: 399: 395: 383: 371: 359: 355: 345: 341: 329: 317: 313: 303: 293: 281: 271: 261: 248: 232: 220: 171: 145: 111: 106: 45: 7461:The Holocaust in Albania 7320:Uprising of Dervish Cara 6173:Emigration and defection 6010:Polish People's Republic 4803: 3128:Serviceability doubtful 2176:Twentieth Party Congress 1193:Czechoslovakia 1976–1990 494:People's Republic formed 36:Albania (disambiguation) 8962:20th century in Albania 8912:Soviet satellite states 7300:Islamization of Albania 7290:Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini 7244:Principality of Arbanon 6877:North Korea (1947–1948) 6872:North Korea (1946–1947) 6231:Fall of the Berlin Wall 6157:1981 protests in Kosovo 6095:Rebellion of Cazin 1950 4892:Encyclopædia Britannica 4400:~4 sites, 22 launchers 2924:Encyclopædia Britannica 2799:fall of the Berlin Wall 2653:trip to Beijing in 1972 2297:Romanian Workers' Party 2133:opened 15 years later. 1888:Albanian Party of Labor 1609:Constitution of Albania 1555:in 1967, but after the 1437:End of the Soviet Union 1412:Fall of the Berlin Wall 972: (until 1948) 947: (until 1977) 936: (until 1989) 870: (until 1961) 849: (until 1961) 262:Official languages 7481:Post-Communist Albania 7456:German Nazi occupation 7411:World War I in Albania 7280:Skanderbeg's rebellion 6599:Current and historical 3054: 3047:Albanian People's Army 3033:Albanian People's Army 2729:In 1980, Hoxha tapped 2680: 2619: 2502: 2490: 2342: 2233: 2222: 2188:disturbances in Poland 2086:electricity production 1766:'s expulsion from the 1672: 1497: 1126:Protests and uprisings 177: 97:Republika e Shqipërisë 96: 76: 57: 34:. For other uses, see 8779:Epitaph of Gllavenica 6281:Breakup of Yugoslavia 5177:Hoxha, Enver (1977). 5067:on 17 September 2017. 4920:Robert Elsie (2012), 3067:Albanian Armed Forces 2797:, culminating in the 2764:After Hoxha's death, 2674: 2614: 2581:second-class citizens 2532:Farm collectivization 2496: 2488: 2337: 2228: 2220: 2213:Soviet–Albanian split 2207:In the Chinese sphere 2084:resources; expanding 1689:enemies of the people 1670: 1605:held on 22 March 1992 1442:Post-Soviet conflicts 1427:Breakup of Yugoslavia 1330:Albanian–Soviet split 1041:Anti-Soviet partisans 984:Related organizations 507:Albanian–Soviet split 481:Democratic Government 8897:Communism in Albania 8211:Archaeological sites 7721:Vetting Institutions 7421:Italian protectorate 7335:Congress of Manastir 7315:Revolts of 1833–1839 7104:History of socialism 6129:1970 Polish protests 6110:1956 Poznań protests 5975:Soviet-allied states 5262:3 April 2015 at the 5192:Forest, Jim (2002). 5143:www.country-data.com 4973:London 2006, S. 238. 2445:improve this article 2246:peaceful coexistence 2192:rebellion in Hungary 2153:peaceful coexistence 2127:University of Tirana 1990:In the Soviet sphere 1834:, a fish cannery in 1830:, a hemp factory at 1679:, "an erstwhile pro- 1574:political repression 1422:Barricades in Latvia 1367:1980 Moscow Olympics 1347:Cuban Missile Crisis 561:Democratic elections 520:Constitution amended 18:Communism in Albania 8967:Totalitarian states 8432:Research institutes 7994:State Supreme Audit 7431:Republic of Mirdita 7040:Estonia (1918–1919) 6934:Hungary (1949–1989) 6246:Romanian revolution 6219:Revolutions of 1989 6100:1953 Plzeň uprising 5413:. 9 December 2016. 4986:Berlin 2001, S. 34. 4909:. 5 September 2017. 4049:Anti-Aircraft Guns 3463:Artillery Tractors 3271:(Kept in reserve). 3214:(Kept in reserve). 3074: 2685:Sino-Albanian split 2665:Helsinki Conference 2607:Sino-Albanian split 2527:Cultural Revolution 2501:written on its side 2299:congress, at which 2221:Enver Hoxha in 1971 2197:Albanians in Kosovo 2165:communist countries 2157:Marxist Revisionism 2090:agricultural output 1856:he was assassinated 1641:, became Albania's 1601:Republic of Albania 1506:Republic of Albania 1407:Revolutions of 1989 679:Republic of Albania 535:Sino-Albanian split 85:Republic of Albania 8249:Adriatic Sea Coast 8176:Telecommunications 7883:Capital punishment 7776:Prosecutor General 7345:Malissori uprising 7305:Albanian Pashaliks 7259:House of Kastrioti 7249:Kingdom of Albania 7005:Byelorussia (1919) 6256:Singing Revolution 6139:June 1976 protests 5924:Soviet occupations 5363:www.britannica.com 5031:The New York Times 4798:History of Albania 4773:Bunkers in Albania 3072: 2916:Unity and Struggle 2830:Helsinki Agreement 2690:developing nations 2681: 2620: 2503: 2491: 2343: 2234: 2230:Bunkers in Albania 2223: 2042:fighting in Greece 1740:commander in chief 1673: 1597:interim government 1586:forced labor camps 1582:counter-revolution 1500:), officially the 1397:Singing Revolution 1171:Novocherkassk 1962 298:Socialist republic 184:"Hymn to the Flag" 8879: 8878: 8837: 8836: 8833: 8832: 8705: 8704: 8612: 8611: 8604:Cognac Skënderbeu 8411: 8363: 8288: 8287: 8284: 8283: 8276:Images of Albania 8244: 8243: 8103:Natural resources 8094:Hydropower plants 8089: 8088: 7946: 7945: 7942: 7941: 7751: 7750: 7688:Political parties 7683:Foreign relations 7629: 7628: 7625: 7624: 7530: 7529: 7486:1997 Civil Unrest 7330:League of Prizren 7254:Despotate of Arta 7110: 7109: 7097: 7096: 7093: 7092: 6890: 6889: 6632:Congo-Brazzaville 6528:Regional variants 6296: 6295: 6241:Velvet Revolution 6203:Telephone tapping 6177:list of defectors 5966:Tito–Stalin split 5851: 5850: 5652:, Ufo press, 2010 5616:978-0-08-037569-4 5445:978-0-08-037569-4 5290:978-0-8147-0511-7 5203:978-2-8254-1359-3 4933:978-1-78076-431-3 4876:(2). pp. 204–206. 4793:Fall of communism 4764: 4763: 4497:Utility Vehicles 2818:Communist Romania 2814:Nicolae Ceaușescu 2783:Mikhail Gorbachev 2703:freedom of speech 2559:anti-democratic, 2519:socialist realism 2477: 2476: 2469: 2356:Palace of Culture 2341:and Hoxha in 1956 2293:Sino-Soviet split 2270:Palace of Culture 2238:Sino-Soviet split 2149:Nikita Khrushchev 2098:industrialization 2057:state enterprises 2006:economic planning 1922:ongoing civil war 1808:Balkan Federation 1792:friendship treaty 1738:, and the army's 1720:People's Assembly 1490: 1489: 1325:Sino-Soviet split 1305:Tito–Stalin split 1300:Czechoslovak coup 1278: 1277: 1218:Ukraine 1989–1991 1156:East Germany 1953 1098:Soviet occupation 709: 708: 695: 694: 691: 690: 671: 670: 548:Fall of communism 458:People's Assembly 439:• 1981–1991 427:• 1954–1981 415:• 1946–1954 385:• 1982–1991 373:• 1953–1982 361:• 1946–1953 331:• 1985–1992 319:• 1946–1985 240:(until 1968) and 213: 167: 16:(Redirected from 8974: 8957:Communist states 8864: 8857: 8850: 8621: 8620: 8572: 8455: 8454: 8407: 8359: 8353: 8352: 8303: 8302: 8299: 8298: 8274: 8254:Ionian Sea Coast 8201: 8200: 8117: 8116: 8056: 8055: 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3257: 3255: 3200: 3198: 3149: 3147: 3114: 3112: 3043: 3031:Main articles: 3029: 3001:Prime Ministers 2951: 2949:List of leaders 2906:communist state 2898: 2878: 2860:, which caused 2856:and widespread 2854:pyramid schemes 2816:(the leader of 2762: 2756: 2609: 2603: 2577:Albania's women 2552:atheistic state 2483: 2473: 2462: 2456: 2453: 2442: 2430: 2419: 2411:Leonid Brezhnev 2394: 2215: 2209: 1998: 1992: 1905: 1804:Georgi Dimitrov 1802:and Bulgaria's 1800:Josip Broz Tito 1772:Mukaj agreement 1760: 1628: 1623: 1617: 1510:communist state 1486: 1457: 1456: 1392: 1389: 1382: 1381: 1334: 1310:Berlin Blockade 1290: 1288:Cold War events 1287: 1280: 1279: 1203:Kazakhstan 1986 1034: 1029: 1027: 1020: 1019: 986: 983: 976: 975: 837: 834: 827: 826: 747: 742: 736: 734: 724: 715: 684: 659: 618: 617: 611: 600: 599: 598: 592: 576: 563: 550: 537: 525: 522: 509: 499:10 January 1946 496: 493: 486:20 October 1944 483: 440: 428: 416: 386: 374: 362: 332: 320: 305:First Secretary 252: 228: 216: 187: 183: 164: 158: 155: 154: 141: 140: 139: 134: 126: 125: 120: 102: 94: 93: 92: 89: 88: 83: 82: 74: 73: 72: 69: 68: 63: 62: 55: 54: 51: 50: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8980: 8970: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8917:Atheist states 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8877: 8876: 8874: 8873: 8866: 8865: 8858: 8851: 8843: 8842: 8839: 8838: 8835: 8834: 8831: 8830: 8828: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8811: 8809: 8805: 8804: 8802: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8764: 8752: 8746: 8744: 8738: 8737: 8735: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8713: 8711: 8707: 8706: 8703: 8702: 8700: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8658: 8656: 8652: 8651: 8649: 8648: 8643: 8638: 8633: 8627: 8625: 8618: 8614: 8613: 8610: 8609: 8607: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8576: 8565: 8563: 8557: 8556: 8554: 8553: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8522: 8520: 8514: 8513: 8511: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8485: 8480: 8474: 8472: 8468: 8467: 8465: 8464: 8459: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8413: 8412: 8399: 8397: 8391: 8390: 8388: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8372: 8366: 8364: 8350: 8344: 8343: 8341: 8336: 8331: 8329:Noble families 8326: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8309: 8296: 8290: 8289: 8286: 8285: 8282: 8281: 8279: 8278: 8268: 8263: 8251: 8245: 8242: 8241: 8239: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8207: 8205: 8198: 8192: 8191: 8189: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8173: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8130: 8128: 8127:Infrastructure 8124: 8123: 8121: 8111: 8106: 8104: 8100: 8099: 8097: 8096: 8090: 8087: 8086: 8084: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8062: 8060: 8053: 8047: 8046: 8044: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8027: 8025: 8021: 8020: 8018: 8017: 8012: 8006: 8004: 8000: 7999: 7997: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7973: 7967: 7965: 7954: 7948: 7947: 7944: 7943: 7940: 7939: 7937: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7910: 7908: 7904: 7903: 7901: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7888:Assassinations 7885: 7880: 7874: 7872: 7866: 7865: 7863: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7840: 7834: 7832: 7828: 7827: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7803:Municipalities 7800: 7795: 7790: 7788: 7782: 7781: 7779: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7752: 7749: 7748: 7746: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7724: 7722: 7715: 7709: 7708: 7706: 7705: 7700: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7678:Prime Minister 7675: 7663: 7650: 7648: 7637: 7631: 7630: 7627: 7626: 7623: 7622: 7620: 7619: 7614: 7604: 7599: 7593: 7591: 7585: 7584: 7582: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7566: 7560: 7558: 7547: 7541: 7540: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7527: 7525: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7508: 7506: 7502: 7501: 7499: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7377: 7375: 7373:(1912–present) 7366: 7365: 7363: 7362: 7357: 7355:Revolt of 1912 7352: 7350:Taksim meeting 7347: 7342: 7340:Revolt of 1910 7337: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7295:Arbëni Council 7292: 7287: 7282: 7276: 7274: 7269:Ottoman period 7265: 7264: 7262: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7240: 7238: 7229: 7228: 7226: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7169: 7167: 7158: 7152: 7151: 7140: 7139: 7132: 7125: 7117: 7108: 7107: 7102: 7099: 7098: 7095: 7094: 7091: 7090: 7088: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7050:Hungary (1919) 7047: 7042: 7037: 7036: 7035: 7030: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6996: 6995: 6990: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6966: 6964: 6957: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6925: 6924: 6919: 6917:Czech Republic 6912:Czechoslovakia 6909: 6904: 6898: 6896: 6892: 6891: 6888: 6887: 6885: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6852:Inner Mongolia 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6832:East Turkestan 6829: 6823: 6821: 6814: 6813: 6812: 6811: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6760: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6741: 6736: 6730: 6728: 6724: 6723: 6721: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6699: 6697: 6693: 6692: 6690: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6653: 6652: 6647: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6613: 6611: 6604: 6596: 6595: 6593: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6531: 6529: 6525: 6524: 6522: 6521: 6516: 6514:United Kingdom 6510: 6508: 6504: 6503: 6501: 6500: 6495: 6494: 6493: 6485: 6484: 6483: 6473: 6471:United Kingdom 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6407: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6395: 6394: 6381: 6376: 6375: 6374: 6364: 6359: 6358: 6357: 6347: 6341: 6339: 6335: 6334: 6326: 6325: 6318: 6311: 6303: 6294: 6293: 6291: 6290: 6289: 6288: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6221: 6215: 6213: 6209: 6208: 6206: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6169: 6167: 6163: 6162: 6160: 6159: 6154: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6081: 6079: 6074: 6071: 6070: 6068: 6067: 6059: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6035: 6033: 6029: 6028: 6026: 6025: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5978: 5976: 5972: 5971: 5969: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5947: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5921: 5915: 5913: 5909: 5908: 5905: 5904: 5899: 5893: 5892: 5889: 5888: 5881: 5880: 5873: 5866: 5858: 5849: 5848: 5846: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5829: 5826: 5825: 5823: 5822: 5816: 5810: 5807: 5806: 5804: 5803: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5768: 5765: 5764: 5757: 5755: 5753: 5752: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5724:Czechoslovakia 5721: 5716: 5710: 5708: 5701: 5698: 5697: 5688: 5687: 5680: 5673: 5665: 5658: 5657:External links 5655: 5654: 5653: 5646: 5639: 5629: 5626: 5623: 5622: 5615: 5594: 5451: 5444: 5420: 5396: 5386:Balkan Insight 5368: 5350: 5321: 5296: 5289: 5268: 5249: 5229: 5209: 5202: 5184: 5169: 5155: 5130: 5116: 5090: 5070: 5061:Shqiptarja.com 5048: 5015: 5006: 4997: 4988: 4984:Schauprozesse. 4975: 4969:Owen Pearson: 4962: 4942: 4932: 4912: 4898: 4878: 4857: 4831: 4820: 4808: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4801: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4768: 4765: 4762: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4743: 4736: 4730: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4717: 4716:Yuejin NJ-130 4713: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4700: 4694: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4675: 4668: 4662: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4643: 4636: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4611: 4604: 4600: 4599: 4595: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4576: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4544: 4537: 4531: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4512: 4505: 4499: 4498: 4494: 4493: 4490: 4487: 4480: 4474: 4473: 4470: 4467: 4454: 4447: 4441: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4422: 4415: 4409: 4408: 4404: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4385: 4378: 4372: 4371: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4348: 4341: 4340:100mm Type-59 4337: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4324: 4317: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4304: 4300: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4281: 4274: 4267: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4248: 4241: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4218: 4211: 4204: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4185: 4178: 4171: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4158: 4150: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4131: 4124: 4117: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4098: 4091: 4084: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4065: 4058: 4051: 4050: 4046: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4027: 4020: 4013: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4000: 3999: 3998:(Jeep-Based). 3996: 3993: 3986: 3985: 3982: 3979: 3966: 3959: 3952: 3951: 3947: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3928: 3921: 3914: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3901: 3894: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3881: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3855: 3848: 3844: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3831: 3824: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3811: 3804: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3791: 3784: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3765: 3758: 3757:122mm Type-54 3754: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3741: 3734: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3721: 3717: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3704: 3700: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3687: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3664: 3657: 3650: 3649: 3645: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3626: 3624: 3617: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3604: 3597: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3584: 3577: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3558: 3551: 3544: 3543: 3542:Heavy Mortars 3539: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3520: 3518: 3514: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3501: 3495: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3476: 3469: 3465: 3464: 3460: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3441: 3434: 3428: 3427: 3423: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3404: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3367: 3365: 3361: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3342: 3340: 3334: 3333: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3316: 3310: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3291: 3284: 3278: 3277: 3273: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3253: 3246: 3240: 3239: 3235: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3196: 3189: 3183: 3182: 3178: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3145: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3126: 3123: 3110: 3103: 3097: 3096: 3092: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3028: 3025: 3024: 3023: 3017: 3011: 2998: 2997: 2991: 2985: 2972: 2971: 2965: 2950: 2947: 2897: 2894: 2877: 2874: 2758:Main article: 2755: 2752: 2657:Western Europe 2602: 2599: 2595:women's rights 2525:unleashed the 2479:Main article: 2475: 2474: 2433: 2431: 2424: 2418: 2415: 2393: 2390: 2379:activities or 2208: 2205: 2094:transportation 2018:Czechoslovakia 2002:communist bloc 1991: 1988: 1937:major incident 1918:United Nations 1904: 1901: 1872:Milovan Djilas 1798:, and Marshal 1785:Serbo-Croatian 1759: 1756: 1654:Balli Kombëtar 1643:prime minister 1627: 1624: 1616: 1613: 1541:national unity 1488: 1487: 1485: 1484: 1477: 1470: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1455: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1417:January Events 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1393: 1388: 1387: 1384: 1383: 1380: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1291: 1286: 1285: 1282: 1281: 1276: 1275: 1274: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1245: 1244: 1238: 1237: 1236: 1235: 1230: 1228:Lithuania 1991 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1189: 1188: 1183: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1147: 1146: 1141: 1128: 1127: 1123: 1122: 1121: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1092: 1091: 1085: 1084: 1083: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1044: 1043: 1035: 1026: 1025: 1022: 1021: 1018: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 995: 987: 982: 981: 978: 977: 974: 973: 967: 953: 948: 942: 937: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 884:Czechoslovakia 881: 876: 871: 865: 860: 855: 850: 844: 838: 833: 832: 829: 828: 825: 824: 819: 814: 809: 804: 799: 794: 789: 784: 779: 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 748: 733: 732: 729: 728: 720: 719: 707: 706: 701: 697: 696: 693: 692: 689: 688: 681: 672: 669: 668: 663: 651: 650: 645: 635: 634: 629: 625: 624: 609: 605: 604: 595: 593:(1990 formula) 585: 584: 581: 580: 577: 571: 568: 567: 564: 558: 555: 554: 551: 545: 542: 541: 538: 532: 529: 528: 523: 517: 514: 513: 510: 504: 501: 500: 497: 491: 488: 487: 484: 478: 475: 474: 471: 470: 465: 464:Historical era 461: 460: 455: 451: 450: 447: 446: 441: 438: 435: 434: 429: 426: 423: 422: 417: 414: 411: 410: 407: 406: 403: 401:Prime Minister 397: 396: 393: 392: 387: 384: 381: 380: 375: 372: 369: 368: 363: 360: 357: 356: 353: 352: 349: 343: 342: 339: 338: 333: 330: 327: 326: 321: 318: 315: 314: 311: 310: 307: 301: 300: 295: 291: 290: 285: 279: 278: 273: 269: 268: 263: 259: 258: 253: 250: 246: 245: 236:Member of the 234: 230: 229: 226: 218: 217: 185: 169: 168: 143: 142: 135: 128: 127: 121: 114: 113: 112: 109: 108: 104: 103: 46: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8979: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8889: 8887: 8872: 8869: 8868: 8863: 8859: 8856: 8852: 8849: 8845: 8844: 8840: 8826: 8825:Copyright law 8823: 8821: 8818: 8816: 8813: 8812: 8810: 8806: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8784:Sign language 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8773: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8761: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8747: 8745: 8743: 8739: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8714: 8712: 8710:Entertainment 8708: 8698: 8697:Indoor arenas 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8662:Weightlifting 8660: 8659: 8657: 8653: 8647: 8644: 8642: 8639: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8631:National team 8629: 8628: 8626: 8622: 8619: 8615: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8571: 8567: 8566: 8564: 8562: 8558: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8523: 8521: 8519: 8515: 8509: 8508:Sworn virgins 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8475: 8473: 8469: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8410: 8406: 8405: 8404: 8401: 8400: 8398: 8396: 8392: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8358: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8345: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8308: 8304: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8291: 8277: 8273: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8260: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8246: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8208: 8206: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8193: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8170: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8131: 8129: 8125: 8120: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8101: 8095: 8092: 8091: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8063: 8061: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8048: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8028: 8026: 8022: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8007: 8005: 8001: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7968: 7966: 7962: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7949: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7911: 7909: 7905: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7875: 7873: 7871: 7867: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7849: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7835: 7833: 7829: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7787: 7783: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7753: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7725: 7723: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7710: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7672: 7667: 7666:Head of state 7664: 7662: 7660: 7655: 7652: 7651: 7649: 7645: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7632: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7594: 7592: 7590: 7586: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7561: 7559: 7555: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7542: 7537: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7509: 7507: 7503: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7378: 7376: 7371: 7367: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7277: 7275: 7270: 7266: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7241: 7239: 7234: 7230: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7170: 7168: 7166: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7153: 7149: 7145: 7138: 7133: 7131: 7126: 7124: 7119: 7118: 7115: 7105: 7100: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7025: 7023: 7021: 7020:Crimea (1919) 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6985: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6967: 6965: 6961: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6914: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6899: 6897: 6893: 6883: 6882:South Vietnam 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6824: 6822: 6818: 6810: 6809:North Vietnam 6807: 6806: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6744: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6731: 6729: 6725: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6700: 6698: 6694: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6642: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6614: 6612: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6597: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6532: 6530: 6526: 6520: 6519:United States 6517: 6515: 6512: 6511: 6509: 6505: 6499: 6496: 6492: 6489: 6488: 6486: 6482: 6479: 6478: 6477: 6476:United States 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6393: 6390: 6389: 6388: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6373: 6370: 6369: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6356: 6355:New Australia 6353: 6352: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6342: 6340: 6336: 6331: 6324: 6319: 6317: 6312: 6310: 6305: 6304: 6301: 6287: 6286:Yugoslav Wars 6284: 6283: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6226: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6216: 6214: 6210: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6178: 6174: 6171: 6170: 6168: 6164: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6121: 6120:Prague Spring 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6082: 6080: 6072: 6066: 6060: 6058: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6036: 6034: 6032:Organizations 6030: 6024: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5973: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5934:Baltic states 5932: 5930: 5927: 5926: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5916: 5914: 5910: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5894: 5890: 5886: 5879: 5874: 5872: 5867: 5865: 5860: 5859: 5856: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5830: 5827: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5811: 5808: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5772:Soviet Russia 5770: 5769: 5766: 5761: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5711: 5705: 5699: 5694: 5686: 5681: 5679: 5674: 5672: 5667: 5666: 5663: 5651: 5647: 5644: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5632: 5631: 5618: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5598: 5583: 5579: 5572: 5570: 5568: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5558: 5556: 5554: 5552: 5550: 5548: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5524: 5522: 5520: 5518: 5516: 5514: 5512: 5510: 5508: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5500: 5498: 5496: 5494: 5492: 5490: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5482: 5480: 5478: 5476: 5474: 5472: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5456: 5447: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5427: 5425: 5417: 5412: 5411: 5406: 5400: 5393: 5388: 5387: 5382: 5375: 5373: 5364: 5360: 5354: 5338: 5331: 5325: 5310: 5306: 5300: 5292: 5286: 5282: 5275: 5273: 5265: 5261: 5258: 5253: 5246: 5245:1-85065-279-1 5242: 5238: 5233: 5226: 5225:1-85065-279-1 5222: 5218: 5213: 5205: 5199: 5195: 5188: 5180: 5173: 5165: 5159: 5144: 5140: 5134: 5126: 5120: 5105:. 14 May 1955 5104: 5100: 5094: 5087: 5086:1-85065-279-1 5083: 5079: 5074: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5052: 5036: 5032: 5027: 5019: 5010: 5001: 4992: 4985: 4979: 4972: 4966: 4959: 4958:1-85065-279-1 4955: 4951: 4946: 4939: 4935: 4929: 4925: 4924: 4916: 4908: 4902: 4894: 4893: 4888: 4882: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4861: 4853: 4849: 4842: 4835: 4829: 4824: 4818: 4813: 4809: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4770: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4744: 4741: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4731: 4728: 4725: 4722: 4718: 4715: 4714: 4711: 4708: 4705: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4695: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4673: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4663: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4644: 4641: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4631: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4612: 4609: 4605: 4602: 4601: 4596: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4577: 4574: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4564: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4545: 4542: 4538: 4536: 4535:Beijing BJ212 4533: 4532: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4513: 4510: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4500: 4495: 4491: 4488: 4485: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4475: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4452: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4442: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4423: 4420: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4410: 4405: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4386: 4383: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4373: 4368: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4349: 4346: 4342: 4339: 4338: 4335: 4332: 4329: 4325: 4323: 4319: 4318: 4315: 4312: 4309: 4305: 4302: 4301: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4279: 4275: 4273: 4269: 4268: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4249: 4246: 4242: 4240:37mm Type-65 4239: 4238: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4219: 4216: 4212: 4210: 4206: 4205: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4186: 4183: 4179: 4177: 4173: 4172: 4169: 4166: 4163: 4159: 4156: 4152: 4151: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4129: 4125: 4123: 4119: 4118: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4099: 4096: 4092: 4090: 4086: 4085: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4066: 4063: 4059: 4057: 4053: 4052: 4047: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4028: 4025: 4021: 4019: 4015: 4014: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4002: 4001: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3988: 3987: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3964: 3958: 3954: 3953: 3948: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3929: 3926: 3922: 3920: 3916: 3915: 3912: 3909: 3906: 3902: 3900: 3896: 3895: 3892: 3889: 3886: 3882: 3880: 3876: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3853: 3849: 3847:130mm SM-4-1 3846: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3832: 3830: 3826: 3825: 3822: 3819: 3816: 3812: 3810: 3806: 3805: 3802: 3799: 3796: 3792: 3790: 3786: 3785: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3763: 3759: 3756: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3742: 3740: 3736: 3735: 3732: 3729: 3726: 3722: 3719: 3718: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3705: 3702: 3701: 3698: 3695: 3692: 3688: 3685: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3662: 3658: 3656: 3652: 3651: 3646: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3619: 3618: 3615: 3612: 3609: 3605: 3603: 3599: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3585: 3583: 3579: 3578: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3556: 3552: 3550: 3546: 3545: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3496: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3474: 3470: 3467: 3466: 3461: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3442: 3439: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3429: 3426:Bridgelayers 3424: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3405: 3402: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3362: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3335: 3330: 3327: 3324: 3321: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3289: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3279: 3274: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3254: 3251: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3241: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3217: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3194: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3184: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3160: 3157: 3143: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3133: 3130: 3122: 3111: 3108: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3098: 3093: 3089: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3076: 3070: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3006: 3005: 3004: 3002: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2979: 2978: 2976: 2969: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2959: 2958: 2956: 2946: 2944: 2939: 2938: 2936: 2932: 2926: 2925: 2920: 2918: 2917: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2873: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2846: 2845:unfulfilled. 2843: 2837: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2810: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2767: 2761: 2751: 2747: 2745: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2727: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2698: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2678: 2673: 2669: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2649:Richard Nixon 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2617: 2613: 2608: 2601:Self-reliance 2598: 2596: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2579:. Considered 2578: 2572: 2568: 2566: 2562: 2557: 2553: 2548: 2544: 2539: 2537: 2533: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2500: 2495: 2487: 2482: 2471: 2468: 2460: 2457:December 2018 2450: 2446: 2440: 2439: 2434:This section 2432: 2428: 2423: 2422: 2414: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2403:Joseph Stalin 2400: 2389: 2385: 2382: 2378: 2373: 2369: 2363: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2347: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2330: 2324: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2289: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2266:economic life 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2231: 2227: 2219: 2214: 2204: 2203:'s orchard". 2202: 2198: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2184:secret speech 2181: 2177: 2172: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2145: 2143: 2139: 2134: 2132: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2114: 2109: 2105: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1997: 1987: 1983: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1948: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1914: 1910: 1909:United States 1900: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1883: 1881: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1868:Joseph Stalin 1865: 1859: 1857: 1853: 1847: 1845: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1819: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1786: 1780: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1755: 1752: 1747: 1743: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1727: 1725: 1721: 1716: 1712: 1710: 1706: 1700: 1696: 1694: 1693:war criminals 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1669: 1665: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1650: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1635: 1633: 1622: 1612: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1553:atheist state 1550: 1546: 1545:self-reliance 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1521: 1520:(1944–1946). 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1483: 1478: 1476: 1471: 1469: 1464: 1463: 1461: 1460: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1432:Yugoslav Wars 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1394: 1386: 1385: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1320:Secret Speech 1318: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1295:Marshall Plan 1293: 1292: 1284: 1283: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1248: 1247: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1239: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1136: 1135: 1132: 1131: 1130: 1129: 1125: 1124: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1094: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1046: 1045: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1032: 1024: 1023: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 1000: 996: 994: 993: 989: 988: 980: 979: 971: 968: 965: 961: 960:North Vietnam 957: 954: 952: 949: 946: 943: 941: 938: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 869: 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 851: 848: 845: 843: 840: 839: 831: 830: 823: 820: 818: 815: 813: 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 749: 745: 739: 731: 730: 722: 721: 718: 713: 712: 705: 702: 700:Today part of 698: 682: 680: 677: 676: 673: 667: 664: 657: 656: 653: 652: 649: 646: 644: 641: 640: 636: 633: 630: 626: 621: 614: 610: 606: 596: 590: 586: 582: 579:22 March 1992 578: 575: 569: 566:31 March 1991 565: 562: 556: 552: 549: 543: 539: 536: 530: 524: 521: 515: 511: 508: 502: 498: 489: 485: 482: 476: 472: 469: 466: 462: 459: 456: 452: 448: 445: 442: 436: 433: 430: 424: 421: 418: 412: 408: 404: 402: 398: 394: 391: 388: 382: 379: 376: 370: 367: 364: 358: 354: 350: 348: 344: 340: 337: 334: 328: 325: 322: 316: 312: 308: 306: 302: 299: 296: 292: 289: 286: 284: 280: 277: 276:State atheism 274: 270: 267: 264: 260: 257: 254: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 224: 219: 181: 180: 174: 170: 163: 162: 153: 152: 148: 144: 138: 132: 124: 118: 110: 105: 98: 86: 78: 66: 59: 49: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 8927:Isolationism 8902:Eastern Bloc 8862:Bibliography 8769: 8767:Coat of arms 8757: 8655:Other sports 8478:Folk beliefs 8442:Universities 8370:Architecture 8314:Demographics 8256: 8166: 8015:Supermarkets 7989:Trade unions 7870:Human rights 7845: 7786:Subdivisions 7756:Constitution 7668: 7656: 7602:Biodiversity 7496:EU Accession 7470: 7370:Independence 6980:Baranya–Baja 6949:Soviet Union 6929:East Germany 6901: 6627:Burkina Faso 6223: 5981: 5897:Soviet Union 5885:Eastern Bloc 5833:Eastern Bloc 5776:Soviet Union 5729:East Germany 5713: 5649: 5642: 5633: 5606: 5597: 5585:. Retrieved 5581: 5435: 5414: 5410:Tirana Times 5408: 5399: 5390: 5384: 5362: 5353: 5341:. Retrieved 5336: 5324: 5312:. Retrieved 5308: 5299: 5280: 5252: 5236: 5232: 5216: 5212: 5193: 5187: 5178: 5172: 5163: 5158: 5146:. Retrieved 5142: 5133: 5124: 5119: 5107:. Retrieved 5102: 5093: 5077: 5073: 5065:the original 5060: 5051: 5039:. Retrieved 5030: 5018: 5009: 5000: 4991: 4983: 4978: 4970: 4965: 4949: 4945: 4937: 4922: 4915: 4901: 4890: 4881: 4873: 4869: 4860: 4851: 4847: 4834: 4823: 4812: 4754:East Germany 4698:Jiefang CA30 4666:Jiefang CA10 4654:Soviet Union 4523:Soviet Union 4433:Soviet Union 4292:Soviet Union 4229:Soviet Union 4142:Soviet Union 4076:Soviet Union 4038:Soviet Union 3866:Soviet Union 3686:76mm M-1943 3675:Soviet Union 3569:Soviet Union 3487:Soviet Union 3432:Jiefang CA30 3415:Soviet Union 3353:Soviet Union 3264:Soviet Union 3207:Soviet Union 3129: 3121:Soviet Union 3058: 3044: 3020:Adil Çarçani 3014:Mehmet Shehu 2999: 2988:Haxhi Lleshi 2982:Omer Nishani 2973: 2952: 2942: 2940: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2915: 2899: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2879: 2847: 2838: 2834:human rights 2811: 2795:Soviet Union 2771:West Germany 2763: 2748: 2744:The Titoites 2743: 2735:Mehmet Shehu 2728: 2711:organization 2699: 2682: 2621: 2591:conservatism 2573: 2569: 2564: 2560: 2540: 2504: 2463: 2454: 2443:Please help 2438:verification 2435: 2395: 2386: 2364: 2360:Sazan Island 2348: 2344: 2325: 2290: 2282:Soviet Union 2235: 2173: 2146: 2135: 2110: 2106: 2046: 2034:Sazan Island 2030:Soviet Union 1999: 1984: 1976:West Germany 1949: 1934: 1906: 1892:Mehmet Shehu 1884: 1876: 1860: 1848: 1840: 1820: 1789: 1781: 1761: 1748: 1744: 1728: 1717: 1713: 1701: 1697: 1674: 1651: 1636: 1629: 1590: 1535:, and later 1522: 1505: 1501: 1493: 1491: 1266:to Hong Kong 1261:East Germany 1213:Tbilisi 1989 1198:Romania 1977 1166:Hungary 1956 1161:Georgia 1956 997: 990: 889:East Germany 846: 716:Eastern Bloc 648:Succeeded by 647: 642: 628:Calling code 620:Albanian lek 444:Adil Çarçani 432:Mehmet Shehu 378:Haxhi Lleshi 366:Omer Nishani 244:(until 1987) 172: 159: 149: 147:Motto: 146: 84: 64: 47: 40: 8375:Photography 8361:(galleries) 8236:Lighthouses 8109:Oil and gas 8031:Agriculture 7831:Legislature 7703:Visa policy 7589:Environment 7272:(1385–1912) 7236:(1190–1385) 7233:Middle Ages 6963:Short-lived 6820:Short-lived 6789:South Yemen 6774:North Korea 6734:Afghanistan 6451:New Zealand 6446:Netherlands 6212:Dissolution 6152:Martial law 6075:Revolts and 6049:Warsaw Pact 5838:Warsaw Pact 5814:Byelorussia 5314:16 February 3720:100mm BS-3 3063:Warsaw Pact 3022:(1981–1991) 3016:(1954–1981) 3010:(1946–1954) 3008:Enver Hoxha 2996:(1982–1991) 2990:(1953–1982) 2984:(1946–1953) 2970:(1985–1991) 2964:(1946–1985) 2962:Enver Hoxha 2791:perestroika 2715:association 2511:malfeasance 2507:bureaucracy 2407:Warsaw Pact 2377:Warsaw Pact 2161:Warsaw Pact 2138:his funeral 2113:health care 1854:for Hoxha) 1639:Enver Hoxha 1565:Warsaw Pact 1525:Enver Hoxha 1496:(Albanian: 1352:Vietnam War 1342:Berlin Wall 1271:North Korea 1208:Brașov 1987 1176:Prague 1968 1139:Poznań 1956 992:Warsaw Pact 951:South Yemen 929:North Korea 842:Afghanistan 762:Byelorussia 643:Preceded by 622:(1947–1991) 615:(1946–1947) 454:Legislature 420:Enver Hoxha 324:Enver Hoxha 238:Warsaw Pact 90:(1991–1992) 70:(1976–1991) 52:(1946–1976) 8886:Categories 8722:Television 8682:Volleyball 8677:Basketball 8531:Fustanella 8493:Secularism 8462:Albanology 8447:Publishers 8427:Literature 8169:structures 8036:Healthcare 7978:(currency) 7860:Opposition 7761:Corruption 7654:Government 7203:Dassaretii 7075:Tarnobrzeg 7000:Bessarabia 6954:Yugoslavia 6677:Seychelles 6672:Mozambique 6667:Madagascar 6590:Vietnamese 6585:Venezuelan 6575:Nicaraguan 6570:Melanesian 6487:Venezuela 6399:Kuomintang 6392:since 1978 6362:Bangladesh 6338:By country 6332:by country 6166:Conditions 6144:Solidarity 6077:opposition 5749:Yugoslavia 5637:of Albania 5628:References 5309:Constitute 3703:85mm D-44 3517:Type-60-1 2994:Ramiz Alia 2968:Ramiz Alia 2876:Government 2858:corruption 2826:revolution 2766:Ramiz Alia 2754:Transition 2731:Ramiz Alia 2695:World Bank 2675:Center of 2641:Yugoslavia 2605:See also: 2561:religious, 2523:Mao Zedong 2368:Mao Zedong 2339:Mao Zedong 2321:Tahir Demi 2317:Teme Sejko 2301:Khrushchev 2286:Ramiz Alia 2260:" through 2254:Yugoslavia 2211:See also: 2169:Yugoslavia 2028:, and the 1994:See also: 1980:Kim Philby 1844:Nako Spiru 1832:Rrogozhinë 1764:Yugoslavia 1709:irrigation 1681:Yugoslavia 1662:King Zog I 1619:See also: 1508:, was the 1362:Afghan War 1315:Korean War 1151:Plzeň 1953 1030:Opposition 970:Yugoslavia 924:Mozambique 822:Uzbekistan 807:Tajikistan 777:Kazakhstan 757:Azerbaijan 390:Ramiz Alia 336:Ramiz Alia 294:Government 283:Demonym(s) 8667:Athletics 8579:Tavë kosi 8471:Tradition 8437:Libraries 8395:Education 8204:Monuments 8186:Squatting 8164:Highrises 8059:Operators 8041:Companies 7898:Ombudsman 7838:Elections 7713:Judiciary 7647:Executive 7564:Mountains 7557:Landscape 7545:Geography 7426:Vlora War 7223:Taulantii 7198:Bylliones 7165:Illyrians 7033:1939–1940 6988:1918–1919 6757:1982–1992 6752:1979–1992 6747:1975–1979 6743:Cambodia 6718:Nicaragua 6650:1987–1991 6645:1974–1987 6641:Ethiopia 6580:Tanzanian 6461:Sri Lanka 6404:Hong Kong 6387:Communist 6350:Australia 6345:Argentina 6330:Socialism 6225:Die Wende 6198:Economies 6039:Cominform 6022:(to 1948) 5984:(to 1961) 5912:Formation 5902:Communism 5800:1982–1991 5795:1964–1982 5790:1953–1964 5785:1927–1953 5780:1917–1927 5693:Communist 3984:(Towed). 3829:Type-59-I 3582:120-PM-43 3549:120-PM-38 2739:bourgeois 2565:religious 2515:inflation 2372:beachhead 2352:Liri Gega 2201:socialism 2122:communism 2117:education 2053:Stalinist 1880:Politburo 1864:Cominform 1794:with the 1768:Cominform 1677:Koçi Xoxe 1533:Stalinist 1233:Riga 1991 1223:Baku 1990 1113:Lithuania 1005:Cominform 909:Kampuchea 812:Turkmenia 792:Lithuania 782:Kirghizia 737:Republics 540:1972–1978 512:1956–1961 272:Religion 107:1946–1992 8922:Hoxhaism 8871:Category 8794:Passport 8772:armorial 8750:Heraldry 8692:Olympics 8687:Swimming 8646:Stadiums 8624:Football 8551:Xhamadan 8536:Xhubleta 8518:Costumes 8498:Religion 8457:Proverbs 8422:Language 8403:Alphabet 8385:Theatres 8334:Diaspora 8231:Churches 8149:Railways 8139:Aviation 8134:Highways 8024:Industry 7984:Taxation 7914:Military 7907:Security 7878:Abortion 7848:speakers 7843:Assembly 7818:Villages 7813:Communes 7798:Counties 7766:EURALIUS 7698:Treaties 7659:agencies 7635:Politics 7522:Archives 7517:Timeline 7505:See also 7218:Parthini 7213:Labeatae 7193:Balaites 7188:Amantini 7148:articles 7085:Würzburg 7060:Naissaar 7024:Finland 6984:Bavaria 6922:Slovakia 6907:Bulgaria 6837:Far East 6784:Mongolia 6696:Americas 6560:European 6491:Chavismo 6456:Pakistan 6193:Politics 5719:Bulgaria 5605:(1989). 5587:21 March 5434:(1989). 5260:Archived 5148:13 March 5103:BBC News 5035:Archived 4848:Revistia 4767:See also 4734:IFA W 50 4272:AZP S-60 3364:Type 73 3051:Albanian 3027:Military 2902:Hoxhaist 2822:executed 2787:glasnost 2719:assembly 2547:religion 2313:Sigurimi 2190:and the 2066:chromite 2038:Bulgaria 1956:King Zog 1852:fall guy 1621:Hoxhaism 1578:Sigurimi 1561:religion 1537:Hoxhaist 1527:and the 1377:Gulf War 1181:Invasion 1055:Bulgaria 919:Mongolia 894:Ethiopia 863:Bulgaria 797:Moldavia 608:Currency 468:Cold War 288:Albanian 266:Albanian 8848:Outline 8820:Smoking 8742:Symbols 8672:Cycling 8641:Players 8561:Cuisine 8526:Qeleshe 8417:Abetare 8409:scripts 8380:Museums 8348:Culture 8294:Society 8266:Beaches 8259:riviera 8221:Mosques 8216:Castles 8196:Tourism 8159:Tunnels 8154:Bridges 7971:Banking 7964:Finance 7952:Economy 7929:Prisons 7855:Members 7612:Habitat 7597:Climate 7579:Islands 7512:Origins 7208:Enchele 7183:Amantes 7178:Albanoi 7173:Ardiaei 7156:History 7144:Albania 7055:Ireland 7045:Galicia 6944:Romania 6902:Albania 6857:Jiangxi 6804:Vietnam 6708:Grenada 6682:Somalia 6565:Israeli 6555:Chinese 6550:Burmese 6545:British 6535:African 6507:History 6498:Vietnam 6466:Tunisia 6416:Finland 6411:Estonia 6044:COMECON 5944:Romania 5939:Hungary 5843:Comecon 5819:Ukraine 5744:Romania 5734:Hungary 5714:Albania 4634:ZiL-151 4598:Trucks 4587:Romania 4567:ARO 244 4407:Radars 4176:Type-56 4174:14.5mm 4157: 4153:14.5mm 4120:14.5mm 4089:Type-54 4087:12.7mm 4054:12.7mm 4005:Type-63 3991:Type-63 3957:Type-63 3919:Type-66 3809:Type-59 3789:Type-60 3622:Type-56 3395:BAV 385 3314:Type-77 3282:Type-63 3163:Type-62 3136:Type-59 3101:T-34/85 3087:Number 3084:Origin 2848:In the 2805:across 2793:in the 2723:autarky 2637:African 2618:in 1978 2586:chattel 2381:Comecon 2305:Beijing 2178:of the 2078:asphalt 2026:Romania 2022:Hungary 1913:British 1828:Elbasan 1691:" and " 1615:History 1514:Albania 1242:Dissent 1144:1980–89 1103:Estonia 1080:Ukraine 1070:Romania 1060:Croatia 1050:Albania 999:Comecon 956:Vietnam 945:Somalia 940:Romania 904:Hungary 899:Grenada 847:Albania 817:Ukraine 772:Georgia 767:Estonia 752:Armenia 740:of the 704:Albania 572:• 559:• 546:• 533:• 518:• 505:• 492:• 479:• 249:Capital 242:Comecon 173:Anthem: 32:Albania 8732:Cinema 8617:Sports 8584:Kabuni 8574:Gjellë 8546:Opinga 8503:Nevruz 8324:Tribes 8319:Census 8307:People 8226:Tekkes 8119:Mining 8051:Energy 8003:Retail 7919:Police 7569:Rivers 7386:Anthem 7146: 7065:Saxony 7010:Bremen 6939:Poland 6895:Europe 6862:Kuwait 6842:Fujian 6657:Guinea 6617:Angola 6610:Africa 6426:Greece 6421:France 6383:China 6379:Canada 6372:Lulism 6367:Brazil 6064:(WFDY) 6056:(WFTU) 5739:Poland 5695:period 5613: 5576:Oryx. 5442: 5343:26 May 5287: 5243: 5223: 5200: 5109:27 May 5084: 5041:26 May 4956: 4930: 4751: 4683: 4651: 4622:France 4619: 4584: 4552: 4520: 4503:GAZ-69 4462: 4445:SNR-75 4430: 4393: 4356: 4320:100mm 4289: 4256: 4226: 4209:M-1939 4193: 4139: 4106: 4073: 4035: 4016:132mm 4003:130mm 3989:107mm 3974: 3955:107mm 3936: 3917:152mm 3897:152mm 3877:152mm 3863: 3827:130mm 3807:130mm 3787:122mm 3773: 3737:122mm 3672: 3634: 3620:160mm 3600:160mm 3580:120mm 3566: 3547:120mm 3528: 3484: 3449: 3412: 3375: 3350: 3338:T-34-T 3299: 3261: 3220:SU-100 3204: 3153: 3118: 3095:Tanks 3090:Notes 3081:Image 3039:, and 2896:Legacy 2820:) was 2812:After 2779:France 2717:, and 2705:, the 2677:Tirana 2645:Greece 2625:France 2616:Durrës 2252:, and 2080:, and 2074:nickel 2070:copper 2049:Stalin 2014:Poland 2008:, the 1968:Cyprus 1926:Greece 1896:purges 1812:Tirana 1776:Kosovo 1762:Until 1705:famine 1599:. The 1256:Poland 1251:Soviet 1186:Moscow 1108:Latvia 1075:Serbia 1065:Poland 934:Poland 853:Angola 802:Russia 787:Latvia 613:Franga 591: 405: 351: 309: 256:Tirana 233:Status 175: 137:Emblem 8855:Index 8808:Other 8727:Radio 8717:Music 8636:Clubs 8339:Women 8144:Ports 8076:OSHEE 7574:Lakes 7080:Užice 7015:Bihać 6975:Banat 6847:Gilan 6794:Syria 6764:China 6739:Burma 6713:Chile 6687:Sudan 6662:Libya 6637:Egypt 6622:Benin 6441:Italy 6431:India 5333:(PDF) 4844:(PDF) 4804:Notes 4686:China 4555:China 4478:SON-9 4465:China 4396:China 4359:China 4322:KS-19 4270:57mm 4259:China 4207:37mm 4196:China 4155:ZPU-4 4122:ZPU-2 4109:China 3977:China 3939:China 3879:ML-20 3776:China 3655:ZiS-3 3653:76mm 3637:China 3531:China 3468:AT-S 3452:China 3378:China 3302:China 3244:BA-64 3187:SU-76 3156:China 3125:190 3078:Name 2824:in a 2775:Italy 2707:press 2633:Asian 2629:Italy 2499:Enver 2278:Shehu 2274:Hoxha 1972:Malta 1964:Italy 1960:Egypt 1941:Corfu 1870:told 1836:Vlorë 1824:Korçë 1685:trial 1658:Nazis 874:Congo 868:China 858:Benin 597:0.790 8760:list 8755:Flag 8599:Wine 8594:Beer 8589:Raki 8541:Brez 8483:Besa 8066:KESH 7976:Lek 7893:LGBT 7823:Maps 7793:NUTS 7771:SPAK 7671:list 7028:1918 6993:1919 6799:Tuva 6779:Laos 6769:Iraq 6727:Asia 6703:Cuba 6540:Arab 6436:Iran 5611:ISBN 5589:2023 5582:Oryx 5440:ISBN 5345:2024 5316:2015 5285:ISBN 5241:ISBN 5221:ISBN 5198:ISBN 5150:2019 5111:2010 5082:ISBN 5043:2024 4954:ISBN 4928:ISBN 4758:N/A 4726:N/A 4709:N/A 4690:N/A 4658:N/A 4626:N/A 4591:N/A 4559:N/A 4527:N/A 4489:N/A 4469:N/A 4437:N/A 4413:P-35 4376:HQ-2 4363:N/A 4333:N/A 4313:N/A 4296:N/A 4263:N/A 4233:N/A 4200:N/A 4167:N/A 4146:N/A 4113:N/A 4080:N/A 4056:DShK 4042:N/A 4009:N/A 3995:N/A 3981:N/A 3943:N/A 3910:N/A 3890:N/A 3870:N/A 3840:N/A 3820:N/A 3800:N/A 3780:N/A 3750:N/A 3739:M-30 3730:N/A 3713:N/A 3696:N/A 3679:N/A 3641:N/A 3613:N/A 3602:M160 3593:N/A 3573:N/A 3535:N/A 3510:N/A 3499:AT-T 3491:N/A 3456:N/A 3419:N/A 3382:N/A 3357:N/A 3325:N/A 3306:N/A 3268:N/A 3231:N/A 3211:N/A 3174:N/A 3059:UPSh 3045:The 2935:Tosk 2933:and 2931:Gheg 2789:and 2777:and 2683:The 2643:and 2635:and 2319:and 2291:The 2276:and 2256:'s " 2115:and 2082:coal 1911:and 1543:and 1492:The 1390:Fall 914:Laos 879:Cuba 743:USSR 632:+355 601:high 123:Flag 8799:.al 8488:Oda 8357:Art 8081:ERE 8071:OST 7743:KPK 7738:ONM 7733:IKP 7728:KPA 4868:". 3899:D-1 2651:'s 2447:by 2264:of 2062:oil 1924:in 1512:in 964:PRG 589:HDI 8888:: 6150:/ 6146:/ 6122:/ 5778:: 5774:/ 5580:. 5454:^ 5423:^ 5407:. 5389:. 5383:. 5371:^ 5361:. 5335:. 5307:. 5271:^ 5141:. 5101:. 5059:. 5033:. 5029:. 4936:, 4889:. 4874:20 4872:. 4850:. 4846:. 3069:. 3057:, 3053:: 3035:, 3003:: 2977:: 2957:: 2919:. 2809:. 2746:. 2713:, 2709:, 2627:, 2513:, 2409:. 2248:, 2171:. 2076:, 2072:, 2068:, 2064:, 2024:, 2020:, 2016:, 1970:, 1962:, 1935:A 1734:, 1611:. 962:, 8774:) 8770:( 8762:) 8758:( 8261:) 8257:( 8171:) 8167:( 7850:) 7846:( 7673:) 7669:( 7661:) 7657:( 7136:e 7129:t 7122:v 6322:e 6315:t 6308:v 6179:) 6175:( 5877:e 5870:t 5863:v 5684:e 5677:t 5670:v 5619:. 5591:. 5448:. 5365:. 5347:. 5318:. 5293:. 5206:. 5152:. 5113:. 5045:. 4895:. 4852:3 3049:( 2470:) 2464:( 2459:) 2455:( 2441:. 1481:e 1474:t 1467:v 966:) 958:( 38:. 20:)

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