571:. Guided media refers to any medium that can be directed from transmitter to receiver by means of connecting cables. In optical fiber communication, the medium is an optical (glass-like) fiber. Other guided media might include coaxial cables, telephone wire, twisted-pairs, etc... The other type of media, unguided media, refers to any communication channel that creates space between the transmitter and receiver. For radio or RF communication, the medium is air. Air is the only thing between the transmitter and receiver for RF communication while in other cases, like sonar, the medium is usually water because sound waves travel efficiently through certain liquid media. Both types of media are considered unguided because there are no connecting cables between the transmitter and receiver. Communication channels include almost everything from the vacuum of space to solid pieces of metal; however, some mediums are preferred more than others. That is because differing sources travel through subjective mediums with fluctuating efficiencies.
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is any system (typically computer based) that is organized for the primary purpose of supporting the two way communication of emergency messages between both individuals and groups of individuals. These systems are commonly designed to integrate the cross-communication of messages between are variety
275:
systems operate by impressing a modulated carrier signal on power wires. Different types of powerline communications use different frequency bands, depending on the signal transmission characteristics of the power wiring used. Since the power wiring system was originally intended for transmission of
650:
Again, input transducers convert non-electric signals like voice into electric signals that can be transmitted over great distances very quickly. Output transducers convert the electric signal back into sound or picture, etc... There are many different types of transducers and the combinations are
579:
Once the signal has passed through the communication channel, it must be effectively captured by a receiver. The goal of the receiver is to capture and reconstruct the signal before it passed through the transmitter (i.e. the A/D converter, modulator and encoder). This is done by passing the
296:
is used when describing communication between two parties or devices. Duplex systems are employed in nearly all communications networks, either to allow for a communication "two-way street" between two connected parties or to provide a "reverse path" for the monitoring and remote adjustment of
483:
in modern analog and digital communication systems. Without input transducers there would not be an effective way to transport non-electric sources or signals over great distances, i.e. humans would have to rely solely on our eyes and ears to see and hear things despite the distances.
399:(ACD) is a communication system that automatically queues, assigns and connects callers to handlers. This is used often in customer service (such as for product or service complaints), ordering by telephone (such as in a ticket office), or coordination services (such as in
301:
is basically a small length of a qwert conductor that is used to radiate or receive electromagnetic waves. It acts as a conversion device. At the transmitting end it converts high frequency current into electromagnetic waves. At the receiving end it transforms
264:
that give exterior communications capabilities. A radio communication system comprises a transmitting conductor in which electrical oscillations or currents are produced and which is arranged to cause such currents or oscillations to be propagated through the
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Most likely the signal will have lost some of its energy after having passed through the communication channel or medium. The signal can be boosted by passing it through a signal amplifier. When the analog signal converted into digital signal.
525:
Once the source signal has been converted into an electric signal, the transmitter will modify this signal for efficient transmission. In order to do this, the signal must pass through an electronic circuit containing the following components:
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After the signal has been amplified, it is ready for transmission. At the end of the circuit is an antenna, the point at which the signal is released as electromagnetic waves (or electromagnetic radiation).
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The output transducer simply converts the electric signal (created by the input transducer) back into its original form. Examples of output transducers include but are not limited to the following:
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within, and in support of, tactical forces, and (d) usually requires extremely short installation times, usually on the order of hours, in order to meet the requirements of frequent relocation.
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medium from one point to another remote therefrom and a receiving conductor at such distant point adapted to be excited by the oscillations or currents propagated from the transmitter.
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Sensors, like microphones and cameras, capture non-electric sources, like sound and light (respectively), and convert them into electrical signals. These types of sensors are called
280:, the power wire circuits have only a limited ability to carry higher frequencies. The propagation problem is a limiting factor for each type of power line communications.
372:(b) is designed to meet the requirements of changing tactical situations and varying environmental conditions, (c) provides securable communications, such as voice,
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A communication channel is simply referring to the medium by which a signal travels. There are two types of media by which electrical signals travel, i.e.
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188:, etc.). Communication is the act of conveying intended meanings from one entity or group to another through the use of mutually understood signs and
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is a system composed of two connected parties or devices which can communicate with one another in both directions. The term
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410:(VCCS) is essentially an ACD with characteristics that make it more adapted to use in critical situations (no waiting for
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437:; they are the origins of a message or input signal. Examples of sources include but are not limited to the following:
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into electrical signals that is fed into the input of the receiver. several types of antenna are used in communication.
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serve a common purpose, are technically compatible, use common procedures, respond to controls, and operate in union.
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is a collection of individual telecommunications networks systems, relay stations, tributary stations, and
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as the transmission medium. Equipment consists of a transmitter, which encodes a
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is a communications system that (a) is used within, or in direct support of
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systems transmit information from one place to another by sending
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to form an integrated whole. The components of a communications
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Assembled components serving a common purpose for communications
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Some common pairs of input and output transducers include:
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684:
Schwartz, M., Bennett, W. R., & Stein, S. (1996).
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
309:Examples of communications subsystems include the
2002:
867:Communication system by pulses through the Earth
699:Wireless communications: principles and practice
701:. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall PTR.
474:
924:
487:Other examples of input transducers include:
646:Force sensors (buttons) and lights or motors
1939:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
730:
728:
1975:
931:
917:
643:Cameras and liquid crystal displays (LCDs)
316:
135:An electronic communications system using
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
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637:Microphones and speakers (audio signals)
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130:
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2003:
938:
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260:is composed of several communications
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1985:
686:Communication systems and techniques
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49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
618:Monitors (See Computer Peripherals)
423:
380:, among mobile users to facilitate
13:
850:
408:Voice Communication Control System
14:
2037:
704:
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1984:
1974:
1965:
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1574:Free-space optical communication
878: This article incorporates
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891:General Services Administration
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640:Keyboards and computer monitors
392:of communication technologies.
36:needs additional citations for
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389:Emergency communication system
366:tactical communications system
1:
712:"Radio Communications System"
671:
429:Sources can be classified as
311:Defense Communications System
1960:Telecommunication portal
1741:Telecommunications equipment
7:
1477:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
654:
588:Digital-to-analog converter
574:
536:Analog-to-digital converter
475:Input transducers (sensors)
297:equipment in the field. An
290:duplex communication system
200:
10:
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2011:Telecommunications systems
1181:Telecommunications history
661:Automatic call distributor
422:
397:Automatic call distributor
258:radio communication system
1948:
1890:
1827:
1789:Public Switched Telephone
1749:
1713:
1670:
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1601:telecommunication circuit
1562:Fiber-optic communication
1545:
1307:Francis Blake (telephone)
1254:
1102:Optical telecommunication
946:
697:Rappaport, T. S. (1996).
469:Electromagnetic radiation
235:Fiber-optic communication
1700:Orbital angular-momentum
1137:Satellite communications
976:Communications satellite
628:
273:Power line communication
195:
2021:Military communications
1579:Molecular communication
1402:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
1231:Undersea telegraph line
966:Cable protection system
688:. New York: IEEE Press.
317:Examples: by technology
60:"Communications system"
1721:Communication protocol
1507:Charles Sumner Tainter
1322:Walter Houser Brattain
1267:Edwin Howard Armstrong
1075:Information revolution
886:Federal Standard 1037C
880:public domain material
857:Hansell, Clarence W.,
253:to carry information.
209:system is any form of
139:
128:
1695:Polarization-division
1427:Narinder Singh Kapany
1392:Erna Schneider Hoover
1312:Jagadish Chandra Bose
1292:Alexander Graham Bell
1023:online video platform
899: (in support of
861:U.S. patent 2,389,432
559:Communication channel
304:electromagnetic waves
230:communication channel
211:communications system
207:optical communication
144:communications system
134:
126:
1537:Vladimir K. Zworykin
1497:Almon Brown Strowger
1467:Charles Grafton Page
1122:Prepaid mobile phone
1050:Electrical telegraph
897:on January 22, 2022.
245:. The light forms a
148:communication system
127:Communication system
45:improve this article
1487:Johann Philipp Reis
1246:Wireless revolution
1208:The Telephone Cases
1065:Hydraulic telegraph
841:U.S. patent 716,955
827:U.S. patent 714,756
813:U.S. patent 787,412
799:U.S. patent 649,621
782:U.S. patent 577,214
768:U.S. patent 726,368
754:U.S. patent 726,476
737:U.S. patent 717,512
666:Transmission system
448:Graphic Image Files
401:air traffic control
382:command and control
360:By application area
154:usually capable of
2026:Technology systems
2016:Telecommunications
1685:Frequency-division
1662:Telephone exchange
1532:Charles Wheatstone
1462:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
1437:Innocenzo Manzetti
1372:Reginald Fessenden
1107:Optical telegraphy
940:Telecommunications
838:John Stone Stone,
824:John Stone Stone,
779:John Stone Stone,
765:John Stone Stone,
734:John Stone Stone,
464:Television Picture
444:(MP3, WAV, etc...)
176:(e.g., for sports
170:Telecommunications
152:terminal equipment
140:
137:electronic signals
129:
1998:
1997:
1736:Store and forward
1731:Data transmission
1645:Network switching
1596:Transmission line
1442:Guglielmo Marconi
1407:Internet pioneers
1272:Mohamed M. Atalla
1241:Whistled language
624:Lighting (Visual)
621:Motors (Movement)
607:Output transducer
481:input transducers
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1829:Notable networks
1819:Wireless network
1759:Cellular network
1751:Types of network
1726:Computer network
1613:Network topology
1527:Thomas A. Watson
1382:Oliver Heaviside
1367:Philo Farnsworth
1342:Daniel Davis Jr.
1317:Charles Bourseul
1277:John Logie Baird
986:Data compression
981:Computer network
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893:. Archived from
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615:Speakers (Audio)
598:Signal Amplifier
549:Signal amplifier
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345:Edison Telegraph
221:into an optical
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1302:Tim Berners-Lee
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515:Accelerometers
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454:Email Messages
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418:Key components
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1705:Code-division
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1690:Time-division
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1557:Coaxial cable
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1472:Radia Perlman
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1357:Thomas Edison
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1347:Donald Davies
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1332:Claude Chappe
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1176:Smoke signals
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1154:Semiconductor
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1013:Digital media
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511:Force sensors
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284:By technology
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243:optical fiber
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62: –
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
1672:Multiplexing
1547:Transmission
1512:Nikola Tesla
1502:Henry Sutton
1457:Samuel Morse
1387:Robert Hooke
1352:Amos Dolbear
1287:John Bardeen
1206:
1186:Telautograph
1090:Mobile phone
1045:Edholm's law
1028:social media
961:Broadcasting
895:the original
885:
866:
858:
834:
820:
806:
794:Nikola Tesla
789:
775:
761:
744:
715:. Retrieved
706:
698:
693:
685:
680:
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632:
610:
601:
584:Noise Filter
578:
568:
564:
562:
553:
531:Noise filter
524:
486:
480:
478:
435:non-electric
434:
430:
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405:
394:
386:
363:
327:Mobile phone
308:
293:
287:
271:
255:
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210:
204:
178:broadcasting
168:
147:
143:
141:
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
1872:NPL network
1584:Radio waves
1522:Alfred Vail
1432:Hedy Lamarr
1417:Dawon Kahng
1377:Elisha Gray
1337:Yogen Dalal
1262:Nasir Ahmed
1196:Teleprinter
1060:Heliographs
901:MIL-STD-188
717:February 9,
651:limitless.
595:Demodulator
521:Transmitter
492:Microphones
459:Human voice
442:Audio files
241:through an
101:August 2008
2005:Categories
1918:Antarctica
1877:Toasternet
1799:Television
1282:Paul Baran
1214:Television
1198:(teletype)
1191:Telegraphy
1169:transistor
1147:Phryctoria
1117:Photophone
1095:Smartphone
1085:Mass media
672:References
336:Television
267:free space
262:subsystems
213:that uses
186:journalism
182:mass media
71:newspapers
1902:Americas
1891:Locations
1862:Internet2
1623:Bandwidth
1327:Vint Cerf
1224:streaming
1202:Telephone
1142:Semaphore
1033:streaming
544:Modulator
502:Keyboards
412:dial tone
341:Telegraph
323:Telephone
251:modulated
1970:Category
1857:Internet
1847:CYCLADES
1764:Ethernet
1714:Concepts
1638:terminal
1589:wireless
1412:Bob Kahn
1255:Pioneers
1080:Internet
971:Cable TV
655:See also
575:Receiver
569:unguided
431:electric
354:Computer
349:TV cable
278:AC power
249:that is
201:By media
190:semiotic
1990:Commons
1980:Outline
1933:Oceania
1852:FidoNet
1837:ARPANET
1650:circuit
1219:digital
948:History
592:Decoder
540:Encoder
497:Cameras
424:Sources
313:(DCS).
299:antenna
219:message
192:rules.
85:scholar
1928:Europe
1898:Africa
1882:Usenet
1842:BITNET
1779:Mobile
1655:packet
1164:MOSFET
1159:device
956:Beacon
565:guided
450:(GIFs)
376:, and
294:duplex
224:signal
164:system
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
1911:South
1906:North
1867:JANET
1804:Telex
1794:Radio
1633:Nodes
1628:Links
1549:media
1127:Radio
1112:Pager
1040:Drums
1006:video
1001:image
991:audio
882:from
629:Other
507:Mouse
378:video
239:light
215:light
196:Types
92:JSTOR
78:books
1923:Asia
1809:UUCP
1769:ISDN
719:2021
567:and
374:data
227:, a
158:and
64:news
1814:WAN
1784:NGN
1774:LAN
1055:Fax
996:DCT
865:, "
433:or
403:).
395:An
387:An
205:An
146:or
47:by
2007::
903:).
889:.
869:".
796:,
751:,
727:^
406:A
364:A
288:A
256:A
184:,
180:,
142:A
1941:)
1937:(
932:e
925:t
918:v
721:.
114:)
108:(
103:)
99:(
89:·
82:·
75:·
68:·
41:.
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