582:. Guided media refers to any medium that can be directed from transmitter to receiver by means of connecting cables. In optical fiber communication, the medium is an optical (glass-like) fiber. Other guided media might include coaxial cables, telephone wire, twisted-pairs, etc... The other type of media, unguided media, refers to any communication channel that creates space between the transmitter and receiver. For radio or RF communication, the medium is air. Air is the only thing between the transmitter and receiver for RF communication while in other cases, like sonar, the medium is usually water because sound waves travel efficiently through certain liquid media. Both types of media are considered unguided because there are no connecting cables between the transmitter and receiver. Communication channels include almost everything from the vacuum of space to solid pieces of metal; however, some mediums are preferred more than others. That is because differing sources travel through subjective mediums with fluctuating efficiencies.
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is any system (typically computer based) that is organized for the primary purpose of supporting the two way communication of emergency messages between both individuals and groups of individuals. These systems are commonly designed to integrate the cross-communication of messages between are variety
286:
systems operate by impressing a modulated carrier signal on power wires. Different types of powerline communications use different frequency bands, depending on the signal transmission characteristics of the power wiring used. Since the power wiring system was originally intended for transmission of
661:
Again, input transducers convert non-electric signals like voice into electric signals that can be transmitted over great distances very quickly. Output transducers convert the electric signal back into sound or picture, etc... There are many different types of transducers and the combinations are
590:
Once the signal has passed through the communication channel, it must be effectively captured by a receiver. The goal of the receiver is to capture and reconstruct the signal before it passed through the transmitter (i.e. the A/D converter, modulator and encoder). This is done by passing the
307:
is used when describing communication between two parties or devices. Duplex systems are employed in nearly all communications networks, either to allow for a communication "two-way street" between two connected parties or to provide a "reverse path" for the monitoring and remote adjustment of
494:
in modern analog and digital communication systems. Without input transducers there would not be an effective way to transport non-electric sources or signals over great distances, i.e. humans would have to rely solely on our eyes and ears to see and hear things despite the distances.
410:(ACD) is a communication system that automatically queues, assigns and connects callers to handlers. This is used often in customer service (such as for product or service complaints), ordering by telephone (such as in a ticket office), or coordination services (such as in
312:
is basically a small length of a qwert conductor that is used to radiate or receive electromagnetic waves. It acts as a conversion device. At the transmitting end it converts high frequency current into electromagnetic waves. At the receiving end it transforms
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that give exterior communications capabilities. A radio communication system comprises a transmitting conductor in which electrical oscillations or currents are produced and which is arranged to cause such currents or oscillations to be propagated through the
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Most likely the signal will have lost some of its energy after having passed through the communication channel or medium. The signal can be boosted by passing it through a signal amplifier. When the analog signal converted into digital signal.
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Once the source signal has been converted into an electric signal, the transmitter will modify this signal for efficient transmission. In order to do this, the signal must pass through an electronic circuit containing the following components:
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After the signal has been amplified, it is ready for transmission. At the end of the circuit is an antenna, the point at which the signal is released as electromagnetic waves (or electromagnetic radiation).
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The output transducer simply converts the electric signal (created by the input transducer) back into its original form. Examples of output transducers include but are not limited to the following:
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within, and in support of, tactical forces, and (d) usually requires extremely short installation times, usually on the order of hours, in order to meet the requirements of frequent relocation.
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medium from one point to another remote therefrom and a receiving conductor at such distant point adapted to be excited by the oscillations or currents propagated from the transmitter.
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Sensors, like microphones and cameras, capture non-electric sources, like sound and light (respectively), and convert them into electrical signals. These types of sensors are called
291:, the power wire circuits have only a limited ability to carry higher frequencies. The propagation problem is a limiting factor for each type of power line communications.
383:(b) is designed to meet the requirements of changing tactical situations and varying environmental conditions, (c) provides securable communications, such as voice,
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A communication channel is simply referring to the medium by which a signal travels. There are two types of media by which electrical signals travel, i.e.
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199:, etc.). Communication is the act of conveying intended meanings from one entity or group to another through the use of mutually understood signs and
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is a system composed of two connected parties or devices which can communicate with one another in both directions. The term
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421:(VCCS) is essentially an ACD with characteristics that make it more adapted to use in critical situations (no waiting for
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into electrical signals that is fed into the input of the receiver. several types of antenna are used in communication.
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serve a common purpose, are technically compatible, use common procedures, respond to controls, and operate in union.
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is a collection of individual telecommunications networks systems, relay stations, tributary stations, and
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as the transmission medium. Equipment consists of a transmitter, which encodes a
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is a communications system that (a) is used within, or in direct support of
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systems transmit information from one place to another by sending
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to form an integrated whole. The components of a communications
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Assembled components serving a common purpose for communications
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Some common pairs of input and output transducers include:
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Schwartz, M., Bennett, W. R., & Stein, S. (1996).
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
320:Examples of communications subsystems include the
2013:
878:Communication system by pulses through the Earth
710:Wireless communications: principles and practice
712:. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall PTR.
485:
935:
498:Other examples of input transducers include:
657:Force sensors (buttons) and lights or motors
1950:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
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739:
1986:
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654:Cameras and liquid crystal displays (LCDs)
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146:An electronic communications system using
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
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648:Microphones and speakers (audio signals)
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2014:
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271:is composed of several communications
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697:Communication systems and techniques
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60:adding citations to reliable sources
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629:Monitors (See Computer Peripherals)
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391:, among mobile users to facilitate
24:
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419:Voice Communication Control System
25:
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1985:
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1585:Free-space optical communication
889: This article incorporates
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902:General Services Administration
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651:Keyboards and computer monitors
403:of communication technologies.
47:needs additional citations for
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400:Emergency communication system
377:tactical communications system
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723:"Radio Communications System"
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440:Sources can be classified as
322:Defense Communications System
1971:Telecommunication portal
1752:Telecommunications equipment
7:
1488:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
665:
599:Digital-to-analog converter
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547:Analog-to-digital converter
486:Input transducers (sensors)
308:equipment in the field. An
301:duplex communication system
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2022:Telecommunications systems
1192:Telecommunications history
672:Automatic call distributor
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408:Automatic call distributor
269:radio communication system
1959:
1901:
1838:
1800:Public Switched Telephone
1760:
1724:
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1612:telecommunication circuit
1573:Fiber-optic communication
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1318:Francis Blake (telephone)
1265:
1113:Optical telecommunication
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708:Rappaport, T. S. (1996).
480:Electromagnetic radiation
246:Fiber-optic communication
1711:Orbital angular-momentum
1148:Satellite communications
987:Communications satellite
639:
284:Power line communication
206:
2032:Military communications
1590:Molecular communication
1413:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
1242:Undersea telegraph line
977:Cable protection system
699:. New York: IEEE Press.
328:Examples: by technology
71:"Communications system"
1732:Communication protocol
1518:Charles Sumner Tainter
1333:Walter Houser Brattain
1278:Edwin Howard Armstrong
1086:Information revolution
897:Federal Standard 1037C
891:public domain material
868:Hansell, Clarence W.,
264:to carry information.
220:system is any form of
150:
139:
1706:Polarization-division
1438:Narinder Singh Kapany
1403:Erna Schneider Hoover
1323:Jagadish Chandra Bose
1303:Alexander Graham Bell
1034:online video platform
910: (in support of
872:U.S. patent 2,389,432
570:Communication channel
315:electromagnetic waves
241:communication channel
222:communications system
218:optical communication
155:communications system
145:
137:
18:Communication systems
1548:Vladimir K. Zworykin
1508:Almon Brown Strowger
1478:Charles Grafton Page
1133:Prepaid mobile phone
1061:Electrical telegraph
908:on January 22, 2022.
256:. The light forms a
159:communication system
138:Communication system
56:improve this article
1498:Johann Philipp Reis
1257:Wireless revolution
1219:The Telephone Cases
1076:Hydraulic telegraph
852:U.S. patent 716,955
838:U.S. patent 714,756
824:U.S. patent 787,412
810:U.S. patent 649,621
793:U.S. patent 577,214
779:U.S. patent 726,368
765:U.S. patent 726,476
748:U.S. patent 717,512
677:Transmission system
459:Graphic Image Files
412:air traffic control
393:command and control
371:By application area
165:usually capable of
2037:Technology systems
2027:Telecommunications
1696:Frequency-division
1673:Telephone exchange
1543:Charles Wheatstone
1473:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
1448:Innocenzo Manzetti
1383:Reginald Fessenden
1118:Optical telegraphy
951:Telecommunications
849:John Stone Stone,
835:John Stone Stone,
790:John Stone Stone,
776:John Stone Stone,
745:John Stone Stone,
475:Television Picture
455:(MP3, WAV, etc...)
187:(e.g., for sports
181:Telecommunications
163:terminal equipment
151:
148:electronic signals
140:
2009:
2008:
1747:Store and forward
1742:Data transmission
1656:Network switching
1607:Transmission line
1453:Guglielmo Marconi
1418:Internet pioneers
1283:Mohamed M. Atalla
1252:Whistled language
635:Lighting (Visual)
632:Motors (Movement)
618:Output transducer
492:input transducers
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16:(Redirected from
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1840:Notable networks
1830:Wireless network
1770:Cellular network
1762:Types of network
1737:Computer network
1624:Network topology
1538:Thomas A. Watson
1393:Oliver Heaviside
1378:Philo Farnsworth
1353:Daniel Davis Jr.
1328:Charles Bourseul
1288:John Logie Baird
997:Data compression
992:Computer network
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904:. Archived from
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626:Speakers (Audio)
609:Signal Amplifier
560:Signal amplifier
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356:Edison Telegraph
232:into an optical
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429:Key components
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1701:Time-division
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1568:Coaxial cable
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1165:Semiconductor
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295:By technology
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73: –
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
1683:Multiplexing
1558:Transmission
1523:Nikola Tesla
1513:Henry Sutton
1468:Samuel Morse
1398:Robert Hooke
1363:Amos Dolbear
1298:John Bardeen
1217:
1197:Telautograph
1101:Mobile phone
1056:Edholm's law
1039:social media
972:Broadcasting
906:the original
896:
877:
869:
845:
831:
817:
805:Nikola Tesla
800:
786:
772:
755:
726:. Retrieved
717:
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660:
643:
621:
612:
595:Noise Filter
589:
579:
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564:
542:Noise filter
535:
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446:non-electric
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338:Mobile phone
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189:broadcasting
179:
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152:
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
1883:NPL network
1595:Radio waves
1533:Alfred Vail
1443:Hedy Lamarr
1428:Dawon Kahng
1388:Elisha Gray
1348:Yogen Dalal
1273:Nasir Ahmed
1207:Teleprinter
1071:Heliographs
912:MIL-STD-188
728:February 9,
662:limitless.
606:Demodulator
532:Transmitter
503:Microphones
470:Human voice
453:Audio files
252:through an
112:August 2008
2016:Categories
1929:Antarctica
1888:Toasternet
1810:Television
1293:Paul Baran
1225:Television
1209:(teletype)
1202:Telegraphy
1180:transistor
1158:Phryctoria
1128:Photophone
1106:Smartphone
1096:Mass media
683:References
347:Television
278:free space
273:subsystems
224:that uses
197:journalism
193:mass media
82:newspapers
1913:Americas
1902:Locations
1873:Internet2
1634:Bandwidth
1338:Vint Cerf
1235:streaming
1213:Telephone
1153:Semaphore
1044:streaming
555:Modulator
513:Keyboards
423:dial tone
352:Telegraph
334:Telephone
262:modulated
1981:Category
1868:Internet
1858:CYCLADES
1775:Ethernet
1725:Concepts
1649:terminal
1600:wireless
1423:Bob Kahn
1266:Pioneers
1091:Internet
982:Cable TV
666:See also
586:Receiver
580:unguided
442:electric
365:Computer
360:TV cable
289:AC power
260:that is
212:By media
201:semiotic
2001:Commons
1991:Outline
1944:Oceania
1863:FidoNet
1848:ARPANET
1661:circuit
1230:digital
959:History
603:Decoder
551:Encoder
508:Cameras
435:Sources
324:(DCS).
310:antenna
230:message
203:rules.
96:scholar
1939:Europe
1909:Africa
1893:Usenet
1853:BITNET
1790:Mobile
1666:packet
1175:MOSFET
1170:device
967:Beacon
576:guided
461:(GIFs)
387:, and
305:duplex
235:signal
175:system
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
1922:South
1917:North
1878:JANET
1815:Telex
1805:Radio
1644:Nodes
1639:Links
1560:media
1138:Radio
1123:Pager
1051:Drums
1017:video
1012:image
1002:audio
893:from
640:Other
518:Mouse
389:video
250:light
226:light
207:Types
103:JSTOR
89:books
1934:Asia
1820:UUCP
1780:ISDN
730:2021
578:and
385:data
238:, a
169:and
75:news
1825:WAN
1795:NGN
1785:LAN
1066:Fax
1007:DCT
876:, "
444:or
414:).
406:An
398:An
216:An
157:or
58:by
2018::
914:).
900:.
880:".
807:,
762:,
738:^
417:A
375:A
299:A
267:A
195:,
191:,
153:A
1952:)
1948:(
943:e
936:t
929:v
732:.
125:)
119:(
114:)
110:(
100:·
93:·
86:·
79:·
52:.
20:)
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