1849:, declared that Putin would run again in the upcoming presidential election. Putin had previously had to step down and make way for Medvedev to become president in 2008 due to limits on consecutive presidential terms, but the plans for his return were now made public. However, many Russians appeared to find the choreographed move to allow Medvedev and Putin to simply swap positions brazen and displeasing. In November, Putin suffered a notable humiliation when he was loudly booed by the 20,000 strong crowd when attending and speaking at a public and televised fight bout, which indicated that there was opposition to him again returning to the presidency. State TV edited out the boos to hide the opposition to him, but videos of it quickly spread online. Then, Putin's ruling party was controversially declared the winner of the
273:
1747:, was beaten up by police and held for several hours, which led to international outrage. The entirety of Belarus media was controlled by Lukashenko's government and the opposition candidates had no access to it or representation on it. In the lead up to the vote, Lukashenko's regime expelled a number of foreign election observers, preventing them from overseeing the vote's standards. The regime also further limited the freedoms of independent and foreign journalists, with it being noted by analysts that Lukashenko was attempting to prevent a repeat of the popular uprisings which had ousted authoritarian governments in the Georgian and Ukrainian colour revolutions. As had previously been the case,
1873:
completed, Putin was seen to be showing emotion and apparently crying as he was abruptly declared the winner. With the background of the mass protests, Putin started his third term amid chaotic circumstances; he responded by becoming markedly more authoritarian, and soon further reduced human rights and civil liberties. At the time it was noted that it was possible that he would rule until 2024 when the next consecutive term limit would take effect, but in fact the constitution was changed in 2020 in controversial circumstances, which allowed him to rule until 2036 without having to step down again like he had in 2008-2012.
1219:
1700:
49:
4492:деятельность радикальных общественных объединений и группировок, использующих националистическую и религиозно-экстремистскую идеологию, иностранных и международных неправительственных организаций, финансовых и экономических структур, а также частных лиц, направленная на нарушение единства и территориальной целостности Российской Федерации, дестабилизацию внутриполитической и социальной ситуации в стране, включая инспирирование "цветных революций", разрушение традиционных российских духовно-нравственных ценностей
1517:
4494:[the activities of radical public associations and groups using nationalist and religious extremist ideology, foreign and international non-governmental organizations, and financial and economic structures, and also individuals, focused on destroying the unity and territorial integrity of the Russian Federation, destabilizing the domestic political and social situation—including through inciting "color revolutions"—and destroying traditional Russian religious and moral values]
1119:
858:
1543:, who had agreed to step down as term limits in the constitution required but who then said he would retain a key role in politics, leading to fears that there would be no real change in power. The views and actions of the Soviet-trained and Russian-speaking political elite contrasted with the majority of the country's population as a whole, which favoured a more pro-European direction. Also key to the context was the question of relations with
1743:, who advocated liberal democratic values and who was supported by a coalition of the major opposition parties. International observers noted intimidation and harassment of opposition campaigners including Milinkevich during the campaign, and police disrupted his election meetings on numerous occasions whilst also detaining his election agents and confiscating his campaign material. Another opposition candidate,
4581:[The task of safeguarding the country's political security and social stability is arduous and tedious. The "East Turkistan" and "Tibet independence" separatist forces are seriously harming ; particularly, the threat of violent terrorist activities in "East Turkistan" has escalated. Anti-China forces have never given up their attempt to instigate a 'color revolution' in this country.]
1539:, owing to the opposition's assertion that the communists had fixed the election. In the lead-up to the election, there had been an overwhelming pro-communist bias in the media, and the composition of electoral registers was subject to scrutiny. European electoral observers had concluded that there was "undue administrative influence" in the election. There had also been anger at president
4377:[According to Shoigu, the scheme for implementing a "color revolution" is universal: military pressure, a change in political leadership, a change in the state's foreign policy and economic vectors. The minister noted that "color revolutions" are always accompanied by information warfare and the use of special forces and are increasingly taking the form of an armed struggle.]
4375:По словам Шойгу, схема реализации «цветной революции» универсальна: военное давление, смена политического руководства, смена внешнеполитических и экономических векторов государства. Министр отметил, что «цветные революции» всегда сопровождаются информационной войной и использованием сил спецназначения и всё больше приобретают форму вооружённой борьбы.
1769:
2006, a large opposition rally took place, despite police attempting to prevent protesters gathering at
October Square. Alyaksandr Kazulin was among many protesters arrested as they attempted to march on a jail where many of the democracy activists taken from the tent camp had been imprisoned. In total there were 40,000 protestors.
1853:, despite well-documented accusations and evidence of fraud. Independent estimates showed that over a million votes may have been altered. The belief that the election had been rigged led to mass protests starting. State TV purposely ignored the protests, even after more than 1,000 arrests and the key organisers being targetted.
1997:
2023 Putin stated that "the so-called color revolutions" had "been used by the
Western elites in many world regions more than once" as "methods of such destabilization". He added "But these scenarios have failed to work and I am convinced will never work in Russia, a free, independent and sovereign state."
1174:, some of whose members were later involved in revolutions in other countries. These demonstrations are usually considered to be the first example of the peaceful revolutions that followed in former Soviet states. Despite the nationwide protesters not adopting a colour or a specific symbol, the slogan
4426:
President
Vladimir Putin said on Thursday Moscow must prevent a 'color revolution' in Russia . ' We see what tragic consequences the wave of so-called color revolutions led to,' he said. 'For us this is a lesson and a warning. We should do everything necessary so that nothing similar ever happens in
1792:
Lukashenko later himself apparently admitted that the 2006 election was rigged, being quoted in
Belarusian media as saying: "last presidential elections were rigged; I already told this to the Westerners. 93.5% voted for the President Lukashenko . They said it's not a European number. We made it 86.
2018:
the activities of radical public associations and groups using nationalist and religious extremist ideology, foreign and international non-governmental organizations, and financial and economic structures, and also individuals, focused on destroying the unity and territorial integrity of the
Russian
1927:
International geopolitics scholars Paul J. Bolt and Sharyl N. Cross state that "Moscow and
Beijing share almost indistinguishable views on the potential domestic and international security threats posed by colored revolutions, and both nations view these revolutionary movements as being orchestrated
1784:
Lukashenko had previously indicated his plans to crush any potential election protests, saying: "In our country, there will be no pink or orange, or even banana revolution." More recently, he's said, "They think that
Belarus is ready for some 'orange' or, what is a rather frightening option, 'blue'
1751:
generally supported the authoritarian
Belarusian authorities, with some top-level Russian officials openly declaring their wish for a Lukashenko victory. Analysts noted how it was an aim of Russia to prevent more Georgia or Ukraine-style colour revolutions, and that Russia desired to keep Lukashenko
1996:
stated in
November 2014 that Russia must prevent any colour revolutions in Russia: "We see what tragic consequences the wave of so-called colour revolutions led to. For us, this is a lesson and a warning. We should do everything necessary so that nothing similar ever happens in Russia". In December
1597:
in which opposition parties won a slight majority of the vote, which was seen as a decisive success for the four pro-Western, pro-European parties. One of the factors believed to have led to the opposition victory was the anger at the way the communist government had handled the April protests. The
1572:
playing a role in the organisation of the protests, the internet was cut off in the capital by the government, and president
Voronin declared the protesters to be "fascists intoxicated with hatred". Voronin's reaction to the protests were subject to criticism; he utilised the secret police, oversaw
1872:
by a preposterous margin. Video footage was discovered showing examples of vote rigging, such as an individual secretly and repeatedly feeding ballot papers into a voting machine. At a victory rally held in suspicious circumstances only minutes after polls closed and before vote-counting was even
1768:
for several days and nights, which failed to be broken up by police and indicated that the opposition had gained a foothold. Subsequently, on Friday 24 March, riot police stormed the camp and wrestled around fifty people into trucks and detained hundreds of others. The next day, Saturday 25 March
1755:
Lukashenko was contentiously declared the winner of the election, with official results granting him 83% of the vote. International monitors severely criticised the legitimacy of the poll. The opposition and Milinkevich immediately called for protests. Immediately after the official results were
1793:
This really happened. And if start recounting the votes, I don't know what to do with them. Before the elections they told us that if we showed the European numbers, our elections would be accepted. We were planning to make the European numbers. But, as you can see, this didn't help either."
1860:
against the election results, leading to the arrests of over 500 people. On 10 December, protests erupted in tens of cities across the country; a few months later, they spread to hundreds both inside the country and abroad. The protests were described as "Snow Revolution". It derives from
1776:
of Belarus prior to 1995; the movement has had significant connections with that in neighbouring Ukraine. During the Orange Revolution, some white-red-white flags were seen being waved in Kyiv. During the 2006 protests, some called it the "Jeans Revolution" or "Denim Revolution,"
1727:
that was judged to not be free and fair internationally. Lukashenko had faced widespread international criticism for crushing dissent, neglecting human rights and restricting civil society. By this point the Belarus parliament did not contain any opposition members and acted as a
1559:
membership contrasting with economic stagnation and failure in Moldova. Under the communists, Moldova had the status of the poorest country in Europe, and international agencies had criticised the government for failing to address corruption and for limiting press freedoms.
1585:
reported on numerous cases of torture and ill-treatment and brutality towards protesters. Russia backed and supported the ruling Moldovan communist government. The only foreign leader to congratulate Voronin and Moldova after the disputed election was Russian president
1563:
The government attempted to discredit the protests by claiming foreign involvement of Romania, but little evidence existed which suggested this was the case. Between 10,000 and 15,000 people joined protests on 6 and 7 April 2009 in the capital city of
1197:'He is finished') become a defining symbol in retrospect, celebrating the success of the protests. The protests have come to be known as the Bulldozer Revolution due to the use of a wheel loader that protesters drove into the building used by
1158:
had not received the absolute majority necessary to avoid a runoff election despite some political sources believing he had earned nearly 55% of the vote. Discrepancies in vote totals and the incineration of election documents by authorities lead the
1989:(in office from 2004), have characterized colour revolutions as externally-fuelled acts with a clear goal of influencing the internal affairs that destabilize the economy, conflict with the law and represent a new form of warfare.
4603:
2253:
3726:
2274:
1811:, there were another wave of mass protests to challenge Lukashenko's authority. The protests started claiming fraud after incumbent president Alexander Lukashenko was re-elected. The main opposition candidate
1968:) as a "new US and European approach to warfare that focuses on creating destabilizing revolutions in other states as a means of serving their security interests at low cost and with minimal casualties."
1348:
of November 2003. The crisis threatened to develop into military confrontation as both sides mobilized their forces at the internal border. However, Georgia's post-revolutionary government of President
934:. They were primarily triggered by election results widely viewed as falsified. The colour revolutions were marked by the usage of the internet as a method of communication, as well as a strong role of
4336:
1764:
said that this alone was "an enormous turnout in a country where police usually suppress unauthorized gatherings swiftly and brutally". Thousands of protestors then maintained a tent protest camp on
4720:
2023:
In the aftermath of the colour revolutions, the term "colour revolution" has been used as a pejorative term to refer to protests which are believed to be a result of influence by foreign countries.
4642:
2911:
1907:, another key figure in the protests, later survived suspected poisonings in 2015 and 2017 before being imprisoned for 25 years on charges widely considered politically motivated in 2022.
4191:
5011:
3376:
2019:
Federation, destabilizing the domestic political and social situation—including through inciting "color revolutions"—and destroying traditional Russian religious and moral values.
4681:
5927:
2378:
Gilbert, Leah; Mohseni, Payam (1 April 2020). "NGO laws after the colour revolutions and the Arab spring: Nondemocratic regime strategies in Eastern Europe and the Middle East".
1590:. Analysists observed that the protests appeared to be spontaneous and that they partly originated from protesters dislike of the government's increasing compliance with Russia.
3259:
8867:
4593:
4391:
1501:, Akayev signed his resignation statement in the presence of a Kyrgyz parliamentary delegation. The resignation was ratified by the Kyrgyz interim parliament on 11 April 2005.
3147:
3057:
4243:
Bolt, Paul J.; Cross, Sharyl N. (2018). "Emerging Non-traditional Security Challenges: Color Revolutions, Cyber and Information Security, Terrorism, and Violent Extremism".
4098:
2679:
2483:
Bolt, Paul J.; Cross, Sharyl N. (2018). "Emerging Non-traditional Security Challenges: Color Revolutions, Cyber and Information Security, Terrorism, and Violent Extremism".
2250:
3831:
1789:' revolution. Such 'blue' revolutions are the last thing we need". On 19 April 2005, he further commented: "All these coloured revolutions are pure and simple banditry."
4413:
4128:
4068:
2715:
6381:
3718:
2271:
4322:, 12 April 2017 - "Власти РФ не допустят цветной революции в стране и странах ОДКБ, сказал президент России Владимир Путин в эксклюзивном интервью телеканалу 'МИР'."
4012:
2944:
7810:
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5332:
2977:
6934:
2425:
1123:
3874:
2356:
6675:
1353:
managed to avoid bloodshed and with the help of Adjaran opposition reasserted its supremacy. Abashidze left the region in exile in May 2004 and was succeeded by
1593:
One of the key demands of the protests was achieved when a recount of votes in the election was accepted and ordered by president Voronin. Then, in July 2009 a
4362:
1548:
7525:
7425:
4746:
7485:
1861:
December—the month when the revolution had started—and from the white ribbons that the protesters wore. The focus of the protests were the ruling party,
1525:
1511:
2195:
6792:
6787:
6724:
6719:
1413:
from late November 2004 to January 2005. It gained momentum primarily due to the initiative of the general population, sparked by the aftermath of the
2295:
2211:
8690:
8377:
7869:
6151:
272:
5907:
1883:
with the apparent involvement of the Russian security services (and the possible involvement of Putin himself) in 2015. Another of the key leaders,
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8334:
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1941:
1607:
4849:
Beissinger, Mark R. (2007). "Structure and Example in Modular Political Phenomena: The Diffusion of Bulldozer/Rose/Orange/Tulip Revolutions".
4183:
3651:
907:) were a series of often non-violent protests and accompanying (attempted or successful) changes of government and society that took place in
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7803:
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2232:
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2545:
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4344:
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1823:. As of December 2020, some of the media states that the revolution failed and that Lukashenko managed to prevent a repeat of the
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6861:
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4409:
4398:, NPR, 12 June 2014 - "Moscow has been talking lately about "color revolutions" as a new form of warfare employed by the West."
3823:
1054:. Many of its members were arrested or beaten by the police. Despite this, during the presidential campaign in September 2000,
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1808:
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1704:
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545:
2701:
1911:, another key leader of the protests, was likewise another figure convicted on politically-motivated charges after Russia's
1646:
in Armenia from April to May 2018 staged by various political and civil groups led by a member of the Armenian parliament —
1568:. Some of the chants protesters were heard to say were "We want Europe", "We are Romanians" and "Down with Communism". With
8725:
8429:
7607:
7398:
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7209:
7051:
6531:
6023:
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5017:
4034:
4004:
2928:
2909:
1983:
1478:
1414:
1265:
1167:
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1113:
946:
785:
190:
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3909:
2147:
6586:
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2417:
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on charges widely considered politically motivated before dying in suspicious circumstances in 2024 shortly before the
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third consecutive term as the most powerful figure in the government of Armenia, later broadening against the ruling
1603:
1154:. However, election results were contested with the Federal Election Commission announcing that opposition candidate
1131:
634:
3952:
2969:
2567:
Tezcür, Güneş Murat (February 2012). "Democracy promotion, authoritarian resiliency, and political unrest in Iran".
2061:
Motivated in part by its desire to prevent colour revolutions, in 2009 China banned YouTube, Twitter, and Facebook.
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2074:
said that "anti-China forces have never given up their attempt to instigate a 'color revolution' in this country."
2071:
2036:
1047:
879:
17:
1781:
being considered a symbol for freedom. Some protesters cut up jeans into ribbons and hung them in public places.
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leadership in the country. The revolution derives its name from the climactic moment, when demonstrators led by
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A political opposition capable of mobilizing tens of thousands or more demonstrators to protest electoral fraud
1880:
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1816:
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924:
604:
2674:
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8294:
8007:
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6266:
5865:
5850:
4838:
4562:
3226:"The only foreign leader to congratulate Moldova after the elections was Russia's president, Dmitry Medvedev"
2606:
2192:
1083:
935:
1437:, with thousands of protesters demonstrating daily. Nationwide, this was highlighted by a series of acts of
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6559:
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6141:
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6089:
5902:
5151:
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2208:
1976:
758:
713:
676:
664:
609:
4337:"Lavrov, Shoigu and the General Staff: on the "color revolutions", Ukraine, Syria and the role of Russia"
3225:
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8400:
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5209:
4091:"'They're doing everything to avoid handing over his body': Kremlin plays for time after Navalny's death"
3797:"TUT.BY | НОВОСТИ - Лукашенко: Последние выборы мы сфальсифицировали - Политика - 23.11.2006, 14:49"
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2014:) cites foreign-sponsored regime change among "main threats to public and national security" including:
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8640:
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8489:
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4479:Указ Президента Российской Федерации № 683 «О Стратегии Национальной Безопасности Российской Федерации»
4214:"Investigative Groups Link Poisoning Of Russian Writer Bykov With FSB Agents Suspected In Navalny Case"
2710:
1198:
1064:(He's finished) campaign that galvanized Serbian discontent with Milošević and resulted in his defeat.
698:
693:
4153:
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8516:
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Russian Federation Presidential Edict Number 683—The Russian Federation's National Security Strategy
3615:
The Belarusian Maidan in 2006 : a New Social Movement Approach to the Tent Camp Protest in Minsk
2056:
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1183:
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599:
557:
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Civil Resistance and Power Politics: The Experience of Non-violent Action from Gandhi to the Present
2906:
Civil Resistance and Power Politics: The Experience of Non-violent Action from Gandhi to the Present
2448:
1919:
was also poisoned in 2019, having been trailed by the same FSB agents who poisoned Navalny in 2020.
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Revisiting Youth Political Participation: Challenges for research and democratic practice in Europe
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1812:
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941:
Some of these movements have been successful in their goal of removing the government, such as the
31:
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4213:
1328:), also known as the Adjarian revolution or the Second Rose Revolution, was a political crisis in
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Landry, Tristan (2011). "The Color Revolutions in the Rearview Mirror: Closer Than They Appear".
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2047:
as being "colour revolutions" aimed at destabilising the respective governments of each country.
1958:
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403:
162:
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by the United States and its Western democratic partners to advance geopolitical ambitions."
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1223:
780:
728:
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621:
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335:
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157:
5027:
Enough! Electoral Fraud, Collective Action Problems, and Post-Communist coloured Revolutions
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2418:"5 The Drivers of Diffusion: Comparing 1989, the Color Revolutions, and the Arab Uprisings"
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identified seven stages of successful political revolutions common in colour revolutions:
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4260:
4154:"Who Is Vladimir Kara-Murza, The Russian Activist Jailed For Condemning The Ukraine War?"
2896:
Andrew Wilson, "Ukraine's 'Orange Revolution' of 2004: The Paradoxes of Negotiation", in
2535:
2500:
2137:
1990:
1904:
1820:
1815:
declared herself the winner, saying that she won by a large margin. She then set up the “
1573:
mass arrests, sealed the country's borders and censored media, leading to comparisons to
1376:
1354:
1350:
1341:
1280:
1272:
1192:
1039:
994:
931:
842:
815:
768:
753:
669:
589:
567:
562:
520:
450:
241:
5647:
4833:
3773:
2176:
1723:
for twelve years, and was aiming for a third term after term limits were cancelled by a
530:
8170:
7953:
7930:
7121:
7010:
6866:
6627:
6494:
6484:
6449:
6104:
5993:
5988:
5978:
5973:
5075:
4993:
4978:
4918:
4866:
4791:
4579:维护国家政治安全和社会稳定的任务艰巨繁重，“东突”“藏独”分裂势力危害严重，特别是“东突”暴力恐怖活动威胁升级，反华势力图谋制造“颜色革命”，国家安全和社会稳定面临更多挑战。
4532:
2901:
2879:
2766:
2758:
2413:
2395:
2351:
2220:
1972:
1945:
1744:
1438:
1422:
1386:
1305:
1298:
990:
982:
908:
837:
773:
723:
681:
651:
639:
577:
552:
540:
525:
510:
465:
355:
340:
237:
209:
142:
87:
5463:
4933:
Reclaiming Democracy: Civil Society and Electoral Change in Central and Eastern Europe
3580:
3547:
3517:
3491:
3461:
3428:
3342:
3312:
3281:
3199:
3170:"Moldova: Police torture and other ill-treatment: It's still 'just normal' in Moldova"
3079:
8754:
8424:
8283:
8218:
7697:
7046:
6903:
6474:
6432:
5912:
5800:
5757:
5752:
5702:
5496:
5491:
5272:
5089:
5003:
4982:
4970:
4943:
4889:
4795:
4783:
4775:
4710:
4671:
4632:
4522:
4274:
4264:
3698:
3618:
2936:
2871:
2832:
2770:
2637:
2584:
2514:
2504:
2399:
1937:
1635:
1382:
1368:
1329:
1309:
1261:
1237:
962:
950:
912:
825:
795:
763:
703:
535:
430:
420:
350:
216:
194:
152:
8599:
7788:
6359:
5025:
4870:
398:
8858:
8758:
8550:
8253:
7857:
7741:
7633:
7548:
7420:
7295:
7290:
7243:
7147:
7031:
6777:
6709:
6442:
6231:
6099:
5732:
5637:
5584:
5506:
5441:
5322:
5156:
5052:
4966:
4962:
4908:
4898:
4858:
4767:
4514:
4332:
4256:
2863:
2824:
2754:
2750:
2576:
2496:
2387:
2132:
2006:
1949:
1694:
1552:
1540:
1486:
1467:
1460:
1434:
1139:
970:
800:
718:
616:
584:
460:
226:
205:
201:
186:
167:
107:
6653:
4311:
Compare: (RUS) "Путин: мы не допустим цветных революций в России и странах ОДКБ."
3747:
2391:
1555:
of 1939. Demands for closer relations with Romania had increased due to Romania's
1046:. Most of them were already veterans of anti-Milošević demonstrations such as the
927:
during the early 21st century. The aim of the colour revolutions was to establish
8809:
8617:
8241:
8085:
7579:
7508:
7179:
7041:
6929:
6632:
6546:
6297:
6287:
6146:
6054:
5375:
5350:
5327:
5204:
4536:
4395:
4319:
4299:
3753:
3705:
3673:
2915:
2580:
2299:
2278:
2257:
2236:
2215:
2199:
2183:
1842:
1786:
1647:
1587:
1426:
1345:
1337:
1233:
1211:
954:
862:
790:
743:
659:
572:
182:
112:
27:
Series of non-violent protests and political campaigns in the former Soviet Union
5642:
2800:(Report). European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS). pp. 23–34.
1845:, who had ruled for four years in a more liberal direction than his predecessor
1732:. Subsequently, it was after Lukashenko was declared the winner of the disputed
48:
8737:
8470:
8465:
8277:
8271:
8259:
8203:
7612:
7460:
7403:
7036:
7005:
6402:
6322:
6226:
5742:
5722:
5501:
5282:
4742:
4487:
3400:"«Մերժիր Սերժին» նախաձեռնության համակարգողներից Արմեն Գրիգորյանը ձերբակալվել է"
2092:
1993:
1884:
1846:
1655:
1446:
487:
388:
378:
147:
4862:
4787:
4594:"Xi Jinping speech warned against foreign forces 'westernising' Chinese youth"
3974:
3901:
2828:
1516:
1264:
in November 2003. The event was brought about by widespread protests over the
8925:
8895:
8696:
8678:
8634:
8526:
8289:
8265:
7757:
7707:
7139:
6637:
6519:
6327:
6317:
6312:
6196:
6064:
5747:
5727:
5707:
5687:
5662:
5619:
5561:
5551:
5380:
4974:
4886:
The colour Revolutions in the Former Soviet Republics: Successes and Failures
4779:
4339:Лавров, Шойгу и Генштаб: о «цветных революциях», Украине, Сирии и роли России
4278:
2940:
2875:
2836:
2797:
2588:
2518:
2262:
2108:
An ability to quickly drive home the point that voting results were falsified
1986:
1979:
1896:
1876:
1862:
1565:
1521:
1016:
986:
928:
482:
415:
4035:"Putin backs proposal allowing him to remain in power in Russia beyond 2024"
1118:
7831:
6642:
6191:
5810:
5737:
5692:
5426:
5317:
5292:
4312:
3399:
3372:
2602:
2241:
2127:
1916:
1662:, who were in power since 1999. Pashinyan declared it a Velvet Revolution (
1569:
1474:
1433:, the Ukrainian capital, was the focal point of the movement's campaign of
1142:
campaigns. This approach had been used in other parliamentary elections in
222:
Inability of post-revolution governments to substantially reduce corruption
117:
4771:
4628:
Domestic and International Perspectives on Kyrgyzstan's 'Tulip Revolution'
4184:"Russia: Notable Politicians Arrested Since the 24th of February Invasion"
2084:
accused unnamed foreign forces of attempting to plot a colour revolution.
1071:
have inspired and trained members of related student movements, including
8905:
8900:
8450:
8224:
7979:
7772:
7767:
6564:
6554:
5790:
5677:
5652:
5594:
5556:
5546:
5416:
5187:
3944:
2142:
1908:
998:
810:
123:
2883:
2851:
2762:
2739:"The Colour Revolutions in the Rearview Mirror: Closer Than They Appear"
2738:
857:
8521:
6797:
6729:
6581:
6499:
6292:
6166:
5780:
5566:
5511:
5481:
5411:
2081:
2024:
1824:
1778:
1490:
1482:
1418:
1138:
created a unified opposition and engaged in civic mobilization through
1096:
1043:
966:
920:
832:
425:
264:
91:
5225:
5044:
4518:
2304:
6332:
6126:
5845:
5785:
5667:
5277:
5214:
3617:. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Academic Research. pp. 252–253.
2867:
2813:"Oligarchs, Tapes and Oranges: 'Kuchmagate' to the Orange Revolution"
1574:
445:
383:
4507:
Fighting on the Cultural Front: U.S.-China Relations in the Cold War
4442:
2970:"Moldova's Revolution Against Cynical And Cronyist Authoritarianism"
2633:"Roses, cedars and orange ribbons: A wave of non-violent revolution"
2111:
Enough independent media to inform citizens about the falsified vote
1819:,” which was recognized as the legitimate interim government by the
1535:, described by some as a revolution, all over Moldova following the
1091:
in Albania. These groups have been explicit and scrupulous in their
30:
For the Colorful Revolution in the Republic of North Macedonia, see
8347:
8068:
7820:
7470:
6685:
6391:
5682:
5657:
5614:
5448:
5431:
5355:
4443:"Western color revolutions will not work in Russia, Putin stresses"
2283:
2272:"Il n'y a plus rien en commun entre les élites russes et le peuple"
2187:
1761:
1177:
1060:
477:
230:
1042:
in October 1998 and began protesting against Miloševic during the
1038:('Resistance!') in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, founded at
5609:
1720:
1654:
party). Protests and marches took place initially in response to
1643:
1631:
1544:
1410:
1406:
1227:
974:
958:
916:
440:
373:
75: Protests' status as part of the colour revolutions disputed
3800:
1856:
The protests began on 4 December 2011 in the Russian capital of
5536:
4926:
Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War
4483:
4248:
3719:"Dissidents of the theatre in Belarus pin their hopes on denim"
2488:
2319:
1857:
1748:
1498:
1494:
1442:
1333:
1171:
1088:
1034:
1004:
435:
94:
1602:
stated that "Democracy has won". The opposition alliance (the
1481:
on 27 February and 13 March 2005. The revolutionaries alleged
1340:, who refused to obey the central authorities after President
1201:, which was the main broadcast arm of Milošević's government.
4302:, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 28 May 2014
1757:
1708:
1073:
1008:
4389:
Are 'Color Revolutions' A New Front In U.S.-Russia Tensions?
1019:
of orchestrating color revolutions to expand its influence.
4942:. Council of Europe, Publishing Division, Strasbourg 2005,
4446:
1752:
in power to prevent Belarus from turning towards the west.
1642:, meaning "#RejectSerzh"), was a series of anti-government
1430:
1078:
1012:
472:
4903:
Defeating Authoritarian Leaders in Postcommunist Countries
4879:
Democracy Protests: Causes, Significance, and Consequences
4245:
China, Russia, and Twenty-First Century Global Geopolitics
2485:
China, Russia, and Twenty-First Century Global Geopolitics
2011:О Стратегии Национальной Безопасности Российской Федерации
1170:. The demonstrations were supported by the youth movement
5333:
Anti-communist insurgencies in Central and Eastern Europe
5312:
4121:"'They killed him': Was Putin's critic Navalny murdered?"
3699:
Fraud claims to follow Lukashenko win in Belarus election
2203:
2064:
The 2015 policy white paper "China's Military Strategy" (
1582:
1470:, also known as the First Kyrgyz Revolution, led to then-
981:(2018). They have been described by political scientists
2177:
Gene Sharp: Author of the nonviolent revolution rulebook
1879:, one of the leaders of the protest movement, was later
1796:
4061:"Putin backs amendment allowing him to remain in power"
1715:
By March 2006, authoritarian and pro-Russian president
1556:
1400:
1739:
The main challenger to Lukashenko in the election was
1669:
7818:
6389:
4706:
The Colour Revolutions in the Former Soviet Republics
3608:
3606:
2099:
A semi-autocratic rather than fully autocratic regime
1963:
1489:
by Akayev, his family and supporters. Akayev fled to
3369:""Velvet Revolution" Takes Armenia into the Unknown"
2843:
2817:
Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics
6683:
4410:"Putin says Russia must prevent 'color revolution'"
4027:
3975:"How Alexei Navalny became Putin's greatest threat"
3902:"From spy to president: The rise of Vladimir Putin"
3110:"Protests in Moldova Explode, With Help of Twitter"
3011:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2002:
The Russian Federation's National Security Strategy
1868:Protests intensified after Putin dubiously won the
1526:
April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election protests
1512:
April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election protests
3603:
1703:Belarusians protesting against the results of the
1417:run-off which was claimed to be marred by massive
4703:Beacháin, Donnacha; Polese, Abel (12 July 2010).
4437:
4435:
4005:"Putin wins referendum on constitutional reforms"
2251:En toch zijn verkiezingen in Rusland wel spannend
1222:Demonstrators spending the night in front of the
1166:Protests erupted in Belgrade, culminating in the
8923:
7433:Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency (2004–present)
7016:East Indonesia Mujahideen insurgency (2015–2022)
5030:. 2007. Perspectives on Politics, 5(3): 537–553.
3575:
3573:
2992:
2663:
2607:"Overcoming Despair and Apathy to Win Democracy"
2230:Iran, een 'kleurenrevolutie' binnen de lijntjes?
2193:Lukashenko vows 'no color revolution' in Belarus
2079:General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
1948:military leaders view the "colour revolutions" (
1606:) created a governing coalition that pushed the
7608:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (1979–present)
7399:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (1979–present)
6815:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (2004–present)
6532:Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis (2021–present)
5371:Predictions of the collapse of the Soviet Union
4083:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3409:
2317:
1772:The opposition originally used as a symbol the
1477:'s fall from power. The revolution began after
6152:Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria
4914:The Prospects for a Color Revolution in Russia
4702:
4432:
3758:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3307:
3305:
3303:
2908:, Oxford University Press, 2009, pp. 295–316.
2377:
1942:Center for Strategic and International Studies
1756:announced, 30,000 protested in the capital of
1663:
1547:, which Moldova had been separated from after
1313:
1241:
1163:to accuse the government of electoral fraud.
7804:
6669:
6375:
5241:
5060:
4356:
4148:
4146:
4053:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3570:
3510:
2964:
2962:
2530:
2528:
2065:
880:
6793:India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–2018)
6788:India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015)
6742:Insurgency in Northeast India (1964–present)
6587:Insurgency in the Preševo Valley (1999–2001)
3861:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3406:
3397:
2601:
2447:Yang, Jianli; Wang, Xueli (29 August 2022).
2117:Divisions among the regime's coercive forces
1497:. On 4 April 2005, at the Kyrgyz embassy in
1126:burning during the 2000 Bulldozer Revolution
6803:Jammu and Kashmir insurgency (1989–present)
6735:Jammu and Kashmir insurgency (1989–present)
4473:Государственная и общественная безопасность
4407:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3447:
3300:
3274:
3200:"Moldova police face brutality allegations"
3192:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2344:
1736:that mass protests began against his rule.
1134:, activists that opposed the government of
7811:
7797:
7275:Insurgency in Gorno-Badakhshan (2010–2015)
6725:2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes
6720:2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes
6676:
6662:
6382:
6368:
5248:
5234:
5067:
5053:
4884:Donnacha Ó Beacháin and Abel Polese, eds.
4848:
4143:
3867:"Putin, Russia and the West: 4. New Start"
3824:"Why America's Belarus Strategy Backfired"
3631:
3102:
3044:
3042:
2959:
2926:
2849:
2525:
2153:United States involvement in regime change
887:
873:
47:
7075:Cambodian–Thai border dispute (2008–2011)
6990:Cambodian–Thai border dispute (2008–2011)
6747:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency (1967–present)
5002:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
4242:
3846:
3821:
3692:
3244:
3132:
2482:
7960:Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)
7394:Arab separatism in Khuzestan (1922–2020)
7127:Philippine civil conflict (1969–present)
7070:South Thailand insurgency (2004–present)
6810:Insurgency in Balochistan (2004–present)
6560:Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995)
4663:
4624:
4331:
3924:
3741:
2927:Karatnycky, Adrian (15 September 2015).
2471:
2446:
2087:
1698:
1678:
1515:
1217:
1117:
8502:Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)
8177:2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis
6602:Macedonian inter-ethnic violence (2012)
5776:Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation
5255:
5074:
4543:
4408:Korsunskaya, Darya (20 November 2014).
4325:
3945:"Putin. A Russian Spy Story: Episode 3"
3794:
3612:
3039:
2630:
14:
8924:
7175:Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes
6773:Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes
5459:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
5396:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
4952:
4931:Pavol Demes and Joerg Forbrig (eds.).
4741:
4735:
4361:, 'Press Code'. Archived from
3896:
3894:
3892:
3080:"Moldova's direction at stake in vote"
2933:Foreign Affairs: America and the World
2777:from the original on 28 September 2023
2736:
2566:
2548:from the original on 28 September 2023
1102:
8691:South Kordofan and Blue Nile conflict
8612:2012–2013 Tana River District clashes
7792:
7323:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (1988–2024)
6862:Maldives political crisis (2011–2013)
6783:2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes
6715:2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes
6657:
6411:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (1988–2024)
6363:
5806:Initiative for Peace and Human Rights
5229:
5111:Spanish American wars of independence
5048:
4664:Mitchell, Lincoln A. (22 June 2012).
4625:Cummings, Sally (13 September 2013).
4606:from the original on 4 September 2024
4591:
4475:[State and Public Security].
4453:from the original on 19 December 2023
4416:from the original on 22 November 2014
4224:from the original on 16 February 2024
4101:from the original on 4 September 2024
4071:from the original on 18 February 2024
4015:from the original on 17 February 2024
3834:from the original on 29 November 2020
3644:"Police, Protesters Clash In Belarus"
3472:from the original on 13 November 2022
3429:"Q&A: Belarus presidential polls"
3398:Բուլղադարյան, Նաիրա (21 April 2018).
2810:
2795:
2694:
2459:from the original on 30 November 2022
2345:Vinciguerra, Thomas (13 March 2005).
1841:In September 2011, Russian president
1809:2020 Belarusian presidential election
1797:2020 Belarusian presidential election
1705:2006 Belarusian presidential election
1449:organized by the opposition movement.
1409:, that lead to political upheaval in
1268:and culminated in the resignation of
181:Establishment of new governments (in
7466:Iraqi Kurdistan conflict (2001–2003)
7254:2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes
6555:Slovenian War of Independence (1991)
6470:Russian constitutional crisis (1993)
6438:Transnistria conflict (1990–present)
4684:from the original on 2 November 2020
4670:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
3967:
3822:Episkopos, Mark (20 November 2020).
3323:from the original on 19 October 2021
3050:"Anti-Communist Protests in Moldova"
1453:
1415:2004 Ukrainian presidential election
1027:
200:Violent suppression of protests (in
8781:Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict
8732:Allied Democratic Forces insurgency
8248:Allied Democratic Forces insurgency
7554:Conflict in Northern Lebanon (2007)
7387:Western Iran clashes (2016–present)
6515:Russian annexation of Crimea (2014)
4881:. Cambridge University Press, 2016.
4569:from the original on 28 August 2020
4498:
4465:
3889:
3492:"Belarus blocks more poll monitors"
3379:from the original on 17 August 2021
3282:"Moldova leader wants poll recount"
2664:Slobodan Antonić (5 October 2010).
2440:
2326:from the original on 5 October 2011
2148:Spring Revolutions (disambiguation)
1688:
24:
8496:Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict
8032:Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria
7575:Israeli–Palestinian (1948–present)
7544:South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)
7504:Israeli–Palestinian (1948–present)
7454:Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1994–1997
7449:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict (1918–2003)
6820:Insurgency in Sindh (2010–present)
6510:Russo-Ukrainian War (2014–present)
4928:. Cambridge University Press, 2010
4924:Steven Levitsky and Lucan A. Way:
4905:. Cambridge University Press, 2011
4813:
4592:Zhang, Phoebe (2 September 2024).
4504:
4261:10.1093/oso/9780198719519.003.0005
4194:from the original on 20 March 2024
4164:from the original on 20 March 2024
4131:from the original on 15 March 2024
3955:from the original on 29 April 2022
3581:"Landslide win for Belarus leader"
3313:"Moldova Communists lose majority"
3120:from the original on 28 March 2013
2536:"30 years of "colour revolutions""
2501:10.1093/oso/9780198719519.003.0005
2347:"The Revolution Will Be Colorized"
2320:"Explaining the Color Revolutions"
1982:(in office from 2012 to 2024) and
1870:2012 Russian presidential election
1619:This paragraph is an excerpt from
1459:This paragraph is an excerpt from
1367:This paragraph is an excerpt from
1297:This paragraph is an excerpt from
25:
8963:
8726:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
8430:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
7270:Tajikistani Civil War (1992–1997)
7091:Indonesian occupation (1975–1999)
6904:Xinjiang conflict (1960s–present)
5303:Eastern Bloc media and propaganda
5288:Criticism of communist party rule
4293:Russia and the "Color Revolution"
3985:from the original on 3 March 2024
3912:from the original on 3 March 2024
3877:from the original on 3 March 2024
3654:from the original on 5 April 2024
3558:from the original on 1 March 2022
3528:from the original on 1 March 2022
3343:"Moldova gets new pro-Western PM"
3262:from the original on 3 April 2024
3180:from the original on 3 April 2024
3150:from the original on 3 April 2024
3090:from the original on 6 April 2009
3060:from the original on 3 April 2024
3027:from the original on 3 April 2024
2980:from the original on 4 March 2014
2611:The Commons Social Change Library
2449:"Xi's Color Revolution Obsession"
2428:from the original on 12 July 2023
2412:
2311:
2105:A united and organized opposition
1604:Alliance for European Integration
1577:methods of communist repression.
1336:Autonomous Republic, then led by
1132:2000 Yugoslavian general election
8556:2006–2009 Ethiopian intervention
7590:Fatah–Hamas conflict (2006–2008)
6940:1994 North Korean nuclear crisis
6841:Sri Lankan Civil War (1983–2009)
6757:Insurgency in Punjab (1981–1995)
6349:Human rights in the Soviet Union
5308:Emigration from the Eastern Bloc
4747:"Transitions from Postcommunism"
4723:from the original on 15 May 2022
4645:from the original on 15 May 2022
4559:State Council Information Office
3729:from the original on 15 May 2022
3591:from the original on 23 May 2022
3548:"Belarus: Russia's awkward ally"
3518:"Belarus stifles critical media"
3462:"Belarus protests spark clashes"
2947:from the original on 23 May 2020
2718:from the original on 3 June 2022
2631:Michaud, Hélène (29 June 2005).
2359:from the original on 29 May 2015
2318:Poh Phaik Thien (31 July 2009).
2072:State Council Information Office
1598:deputy leader of the opposition
1266:disputed parliamentary elections
1210:This section is an excerpt from
1095:, as advocated and explained in
856:
271:
8947:Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević
8573:Piracy off the coast of Somalia
7742:Sinai insurgency (2011–present)
7634:Syrian Civil War (2011–present)
7617:Persian Gulf crisis (2019–2021)
7032:Myanmar conflict (1948–present)
6778:Kashmir conflict (1947–present)
6710:Kashmir conflict (1947–present)
6623:List of ongoing armed conflicts
6465:East Prigorodny conflict (1992)
6257:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
6187:Fall of the inner German border
5035:Transitions from Post Communism
4696:
4657:
4618:
4585:
4401:
4381:
4305:
4285:
4236:
4206:
4176:
4113:
3997:
3815:
3788:
3772:. 20 April 2005. Archived from
3711:
3666:
3540:
3484:
3391:
3361:
3335:
3218:
3162:
3072:
2920:
2890:
2804:
2789:
2730:
2682:from the original on 6 May 2020
2657:
2624:
2605:; Marovic, Ivan (22 May 2024).
2595:
1895:, and then was imprisoned in a
1287:session with red roses in hand.
1168:overthrow of Slobodan Milošević
1114:Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević
7486:ISIL insurgency (2017–present)
7382:Iran–PJAK conflict (2004–2011)
7122:Laotian insurgency (1975–2022)
7117:Cambodian Conflict (1979–1998)
7011:Insurgency in Aceh (1976–2005)
6867:Nepalese Civil War (1996–2006)
6592:Insurgency in Macedonia (2001)
6485:Second Chechen War (1999–2009)
6450:Georgian Civil War (1991–1993)
6247:Dissolution of the Warsaw Pact
5386:Terrorism and the Soviet Union
4967:10.1080/00085006.2011.11092663
4764:Johns Hopkins University Press
2755:10.1080/00085006.2011.11092663
2737:Landry, Tristan (March 2011).
2714:(in Serbian). 5 October 2016.
2560:
2406:
2371:
2338:
2170:
2066:
1325:
1275:, which marked the end of the
1253:
1187:
1124:House of the National Assembly
943:Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
936:non-governmental organizations
925:Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
53:Map of the colour revolutions
13:
1:
8874:2014 Lesotho political crisis
8831:RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021)
7995:Communal conflicts in Nigeria
7006:Papua conflict (1969–present)
6618:List of Post-Soviet conflicts
6570:Croat–Bosniak War (1992–1994)
6537:Wagner Group rebellion (2023)
6475:First Chechen War (1994–1996)
6433:Gagauzia conflict (1989–1995)
6267:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
5866:Inter-regional Deputies Group
5851:National League for Democracy
4935:. German Marshall Fund, 2007.
3799:. News.tut.by. Archived from
3402:– via www.azatutyun.am.
2929:"Ukraine's Orange Revolution"
2852:"Ukraine's Orange Revolution"
2798:The Rose Revolution and after
2392:10.1080/13629395.2018.1537103
2322:. e-International Relations.
2209:Sri Lanka's Color Revolution?
2163:
2041:2020–2021 Belarusian protests
2000:The 2015 presidential decree
1922:
1803:2020–2021 Belarusian protests
1022:
69: Revolution unsuccessful
8868:SADC intervention in Lesotho
8471:OLA insurgency, 2018–present
8425:Anglophone Crisis (Cameroon)
8182:ECOWAS military intervention
7902:2011–2014 factional violence
7708:Yemeni crisis (2011–present)
7476:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)
7148:FULRO insurgency (1964–1992)
6846:JVP insurrection (1987–1989)
6505:Revolution of Dignity (2014)
6490:Tuzla Island conflict (2003)
6443:Transnistria War (1990–1992)
6177:Alexanderplatz demonstration
6142:Polish Round Table Agreement
5816:People's Movement of Ukraine
4839:Resources in other libraries
3795:БелаПАН (23 November 2006).
2581:10.1080/13510347.2012.641296
2037:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests
1931:
7:
8545:Puntland–Somaliland dispute
8401:Insurgency in Northern Chad
7713:Houthi takeover (2014–2015)
7580:Second Intifada (2000–2005)
7526:Syrian arena (2012–present)
7509:Second Intifada (2000–2005)
7426:Syrian arena (2012–present)
7377:KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)
6963:Taiwan Strait Crisis (1996)
6899:Taiwan Strait Crisis (1996)
6752:Religious violence in India
6525:Russian invasion of Ukraine
6460:War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)
6455:South Ossetia War (1991–92)
6222:January Events in Lithuania
6157:Hungarian Round Table Talks
5796:Democratic Party of Albania
2850:Karatnycky, Adrian (2005).
2811:Kuzio, Taras (March 2007).
2675:Nova srpska politička misao
2668:Два размишљања о 5. октобру
2121:
2050:
1964:
1711:during the Jeans Revolution
1670:
1537:2009 Parliamentary election
1401:
10:
8968:
8836:Insurgency in Cabo Delgado
8657:Abyei conflict (2022–2023)
8512:Benishangul-Gumuz conflict
8378:Djotodia period, 2013–2014
8189:Western Togoland Rebellion
7763:Operation Inherent Resolve
7585:Gaza–Israel (2006–present)
7521:Iran–Israel (1985–present)
7514:Gaza–Israel (2006–present)
7411:Iran–Israel (1985–present)
7372:Kurdish separatism in Iran
5876:Hungarian Democratic Forum
5871:Alliance of Free Democrats
5861:Union of Democratic Forces
4563:People's Republic of China
4552:China's Military Strategy
2711:Radio Television of Serbia
2054:
1837:2011–2013 Russian protests
1834:
1800:
1734:2006 presidential election
1725:dubious referendum in 2004
1692:
1683:
1671:T'avshya heghap'vokhut'yun
1618:
1613:
1509:
1505:
1458:
1374:
1366:
1361:
1296:
1258:nonviolent change of power
1209:
1204:
1199:Radio Television of Serbia
1111:
219:in the former Soviet Union
29:
8888:
8845:
8817:
8808:
8747:
8718:
8673:Second Sudanese Civil War
8665:
8627:
8581:
8537:
8458:
8449:
8417:
8388:
8357:
8317:
8234:
8211:
8202:
8151:
8125:
8099:
8078:
8041:
7987:
7978:
7946:
7917:
7879:
7839:
7830:
7750:
7732:
7680:
7649:
7626:
7600:
7567:
7536:
7496:
7441:
7416:South Lebanon (1985–2000)
7364:
7348:
7315:
7308:
7283:
7262:
7236:
7220:
7167:
7160:
7109:
7083:
7062:
7024:
6998:
6982:
6975:
6955:
6935:Maritime border incidents
6917:
6891:
6884:
6854:
6828:
6765:
6702:
6695:
6610:
6577:Albanian Civil War (1997)
6545:
6495:Russo-Georgian War (2008)
6401:
6341:
6275:
6237:1991 protests in Belgrade
6117:
6042:
5951:
5893:
5884:
5766:
5628:
5575:
5472:
5404:
5341:
5263:
5175:
5139:
5103:
5082:
4863:10.1017/S1537592707070776
4834:Resources in your library
4511:Columbia University Press
4357:
3981:. Vox. 26 February 2021.
2829:10.1080/13523270701194839
2198:18 September 2013 at the
2057:Peaceful Evolution theory
2010:
1953:
1830:
1730:"rubber stamp" parliament
1664:
1639:
1630:, most commonly known in
1402:Pomarancheva revoliutsiia
1390:
1314:
1291:
1242:
1107:
175:
136:
101:
82:
46:
41:
8937:21st-century revolutions
8776:2008 invasion of Anjouan
8373:Civil War (2012–present)
8342:Pool Department conflict
7718:Civil War (2014–present)
7667:Kurdish–Turkish conflict
7356:Bahraini uprising (2011)
7052:Civil war (2021–present)
6633:List of frozen conflicts
6227:January Events in Latvia
6217:Reunification of Germany
6202:1990s post-Soviet aliyah
6132:1987–1989 Tibetan unrest
5856:National Salvation Front
5841:Belarusian Popular Front
5831:Popular Front of Estonia
5600:Polish underground press
5361:List of socialist states
5152:Strike wave of 1945–1946
5147:Revolutions of 1917–1923
4955:Canadian Slavonic Papers
4851:Perspectives on Politics
4599:South China Morning Post
4578:
4553:
4491:
4478:
4472:
4374:
4338:
2743:Canadian Slavonic Papers
2702:
2666:
2293:Revoluciones sin colores
2182:22 February 2011 at the
2033:2019 protests in Georgia
2029:2018 Armenian revolution
1913:2022 invasion of Ukraine
1813:Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya
1628:2018 Armenian Revolution
1621:2018 Armenian Revolution
1375:Not to be confused with
1236:or Revolution of Roses (
32:2016 Macedonian protests
8771:Hanish Islands conflict
8308:Kamwina Nsapu rebellion
8159:Guinea-Bissau Civil War
8001:Herder–farmer conflicts
7925:Western Sahara conflict
7703:South Yemen (2009–2015)
7559:Lebanon conflict (2008)
7481:War in Iraq (2013–2017)
7296:Andijan massacre (2005)
7291:Fergana massacre (1989)
6836:JVP insurrection (1971)
6597:Unrest in Kosovo (2004)
6565:Bosnian War (1992–1995)
6303:Economic liberalization
6242:1991 Belarusian strikes
6182:Fall of the Berlin Wall
5836:Public Against Violence
5826:Popular Front of Latvia
5605:Political demonstration
5454:Chinese economic reform
5366:People Power Revolution
5210:2018–2022 Arab protests
5200:Anti-austerity movement
5162:Central American crisis
4901:and Sharon L. Wolchik:
4318:12 October 2018 at the
4253:Oxford University Press
3678:Havard Political Review
3613:Navumau, Vasil (2017).
3140:"Tweeting the protests"
2704:Годишњица Петог октобра
2493:Oxford University Press
2277:5 February 2013 at the
2043:have been described by
1851:parliamentary elections
1479:parliamentary elections
1032:The first of these was
320:By other characteristic
163:Political demonstration
8942:Nonviolent revolutions
8594:Somali–Kenyan conflict
8490:Eritrean–Ethiopian War
8484:Second Afar insurgency
8091:Sierra Leone Civil War
7249:2010 Kyrgyz Revolution
6582:Kosovo War (1998–1999)
6500:Maidan Uprising (2013)
6480:War in Abkhazia (1998)
5437:New political thinking
4394:8 January 2018 at the
3908:. Vox. 23 March 2017.
2380:Mediterranean Politics
2102:An unpopular incumbent
2021:
1971:Government figures in
1712:
1528:
1230:
1127:
1093:non-violent resistance
8853:Bophuthatswana crisis
8517:Oromia–Somali clashes
8436:Boko Haram insurgency
8396:Civil War (2005–2010)
8013:Boko Haram insurgency
7936:Clashes, 2020–present
7210:Republican insurgency
6909:Tibetan unrest (2008)
6308:Post-Soviet conflicts
6262:Tajikistani Civil War
6212:Revolution on Granite
6172:Monday Demonstrations
5698:Sanjaasürengiin Zorig
5532:Mengistu Haile Mariam
5298:Eastern Bloc politics
4772:10.1353/jod.2005.0049
4667:The Color Revolutions
4505:Li, Hongshan (2024).
4490:. 31 December 2015.
4190:. 21 September 2022.
3828:The National Interest
3752:30 April 2005 at the
3704:21 March 2006 at the
3174:Amnesty International
2914:20 March 2017 at the
2158:Post-Soviet conflicts
2088:Pattern of revolution
2016:
1901:presidential election
1741:Alexander Milinkevich
1702:
1679:Unsuccessful protests
1665:Թավշյա հեղափոխություն
1595:new election was held
1579:Amnesty International
1519:
1391:Помаранчева революція
1344:'s ouster during the
1221:
1121:
622:Bulgarian unification
298:Counter-revolutionary
233:in post-Soviet Russia
158:Nonviolent resistance
63:Revolution successful
8825:Mozambican Civil War
8785:Burundian conflicts
8765:Djiboutian Civil War
8478:Insurgency in Ogaden
8106:Liberian Civil Wars
8019:Niger Delta conflict
7693:al-Qaeda (1998–2015)
7672:Turkey–ISIL conflict
7471:Iraq War (2003–2011)
5718:Vytautas Landsbergis
5713:Viacheslav Chornovil
5542:Denis Sassou Nguesso
5193:Concurrent incidents
5131:Great Eastern Crisis
5095:Atlantic Revolutions
5039:Journal of Democracy
4938:Joerg Fobrig (Ed.):
4805:on 6 September 2020.
4755:Journal of Democracy
4449:. 17 December 2023.
4365:on 16 September 2020
4298:14 June 2014 at the
4291:Cordesman, Anthony,
4127:. 17 February 2024.
4097:. 17 February 2024.
3776:on 16 September 2020
3708:ABC News (Australia)
3176:. 30 November 2009.
2235:28 June 2009 at the
1965:tsvetnye revolyutsii
1891:, apparently by the
1817:Coordination Council
1774:white-red-white flag
1717:Alexander Lukashenko
1634:as #MerzhirSerzhin (
1052:9 March 1991 protest
947:Bulldozer Revolution
905:coloured revolutions
394:Contentious politics
265:Political revolution
129:Political corruption
8952:Revolutionary waves
8864:Lesothan conflicts
8789:1993–2005 Civil War
8507:Afar–Somali clashes
8295:2022–2024 offensive
8290:2012–2013 rebellion
8132:Ivorian Civil Wars
7965:Tunisian revolution
7907:2014–2020 civil war
7887:2008 Kufra conflict
7824:conflicts in Africa
6872:Operation All Clear
6395:conflicts in Europe
6162:Pan-European Picnic
6137:1988 Polish strikes
5517:Wojciech Jaruzelski
5257:Revolutions of 1989
5167:Revolutions of 1989
5126:Revolutions of 1848
5121:Revolutions of 1830
5116:Revolutions of 1820
5076:Revolutionary waves
4888:. Routledge, 2010.
4011:. 7 February 2020.
3951:. Channel 4. 2020.
3873:. 9 February 2012.
3674:"Summer in Belarus"
3349:. 25 September 2009
3252:"Origins of unrest"
2796:Lynch, Dov (2006).
2544:. 14 January 2021.
2298:22 May 2013 at the
2256:31 May 2013 at the
2214:15 May 2022 at the
2138:Revolutions of 1989
2045:pro-Kremlin outlets
1954:«цветные революции»
1905:Vladimir Kara-Murza
1821:European Parliament
1377:Orangist revolution
1355:Levan Varshalomidze
1351:Mikheil Saakashvili
1342:Eduard Shevardnadze
1281:Mikheil Saakashvili
1273:Eduard Shevardnadze
1254:vardebis revolutsia
1224:Georgian Parliament
1161:opposition alliance
1103:Successful protests
1040:Belgrade University
995:Revolutions of 1989
932:liberal democracies
863:Politics portal
8932:Colour revolutions
8911:Colour revolutions
8709:Sudanese civil war
8561:2009–present phase
8302:Batwa–Luba clashes
8171:Casamance conflict
8048:Tuareg rebellions
8008:Religious violence
7954:Algerian Civil War
7870:Terrorism in Egypt
7778:Colour revolutions
7698:Houthi (2004–2015)
7639:Regional spillover
7549:Lebanon War (2006)
7421:Lebanon War (2006)
6628:List of proxy wars
5522:Slobodan Milošević
5391:Vatican Opposition
5183:Colour revolutions
5024:Joshua A. Tucker:
4994:Timothy Garton Ash
4919:Daedalus (journal)
4412:. Yahoo. Reuters.
3766:"Different Voices"
2902:Timothy Garton Ash
2352:The New York Times
2266:(29 February 2008)
2221:Sri Lanka Guardian
2190:(21 February 2011)
1745:Alyaksandr Kazulin
1713:
1549:Russian occupation
1529:
1439:civil disobedience
1423:voter intimidation
1405:) was a series of
1299:2004 Adjara crisis
1243:ვარდების რევოლუცია
1231:
1156:Vojislav Koštunica
1136:Slobodan Milošević
1128:
997:and the 2010–2012
983:Valerie Jane Bunce
938:in the protests.
909:post-Soviet states
901:colour revolutions
838:Second Arab Spring
143:Civil disobedience
88:Post-Soviet states
42:Colour revolutions
8919:
8918:
8884:
8883:
8804:
8803:
8755:Rwandan Civil War
8703:Blue Nile clashes
8685:Nomadic conflicts
8641:Nomadic conflicts
8445:
8444:
8284:March 23 Movement
8219:Angolan Civil War
8198:
8197:
7974:
7973:
7786:
7785:
7733:Inter-continental
7728:
7727:
7662:DHKP/C insurgency
7657:Maoist insurgency
7304:
7303:
7156:
7155:
7047:Rohingya conflict
6971:
6970:
6880:
6879:
6798:Kargil War (1999)
6730:Kargil War (1999)
6689:conflicts in Asia
6651:
6650:
6357:
6356:
6283:Colour revolution
6113:
6112:
6080:Congo-Brazzaville
5801:Democratic Russia
5758:Pope John Paul II
5753:George H. W. Bush
5703:Vladimir Bukovsky
5492:Mikhail Gorbachev
5487:Nicolae Ceaușescu
5273:Era of Stagnation
5223:
5222:
5090:Age of Revolution
5008:978-0-19-955201-6
4894:978-0-41-562547-0
4825:Colour revolution
4820:Library resources
4537:10.7312/li--20704
4519:10.7312/li--20704
4387:Flintoff, Corey,
4333:Leontyev, Mikhail
4160:. 17 April 2023.
4067:. 10 March 2020.
3680:. 14 January 2021
3650:. 25 March 2006.
3587:. 20 March 2006.
3554:. 20 March 2006.
3524:. 17 March 2006.
3468:. 26 March 2006.
3375:. 26 April 2018.
3017:"Moldova burning"
2976:. 13 April 2009.
2638:Radio Netherlands
2308:(8 February 2010)
2287:(6 December 2012)
2224:(26 January 2010)
1991:Russian President
1962:
1938:Anthony Cordesman
1915:. Protest figure
1610:into opposition.
1454:Kyrgyzstan (2005)
1399:
1383:Orange Revolution
1369:Orange Revolution
1326:ach'aris k'rizisi
1260:that occurred in
1196:
1028:Student movements
1015:have accused the
991:wave of democracy
979:Velvet Revolution
963:Orange Revolution
897:
896:
431:Mass mobilization
421:Guerrilla warfare
250:
249:
217:liberal democracy
153:Internet activism
16:(Redirected from
8959:
8859:Caprivi conflict
8815:
8814:
8794:2015–2018 unrest
8600:Likoni massacres
8589:Ethnic conflicts
8551:Somali Civil War
8456:
8455:
8254:Second Congo War
8209:
8208:
7985:
7984:
7864:Post-coup unrest
7858:Sinai insurgency
7837:
7836:
7813:
7806:
7799:
7790:
7789:
7688:Civil war (1994)
7313:
7312:
7244:1990 Osh clashes
7228:Ethnic conflicts
7165:
7164:
7142:
7135:
6980:
6979:
6945:2017–2018 crisis
6923:
6889:
6888:
6700:
6699:
6678:
6671:
6664:
6655:
6654:
6384:
6377:
6370:
6361:
6360:
6232:Transnistria War
5891:
5890:
5733:Aung San Suu Kyi
5648:Alexander Dubček
5585:Civil resistance
5442:Sinatra Doctrine
5422:Demokratizatsiya
5323:Shortage economy
5250:
5243:
5236:
5227:
5226:
5157:Protests of 1968
5069:
5062:
5055:
5046:
5045:
5033:Michael McFaul,
4986:
4909:Valerie J. Bunce
4899:Valerie J. Bunce
4874:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4798:. Archived from
4751:
4739:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4728:
4700:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4661:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4622:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4589:
4583:
4582:
4576:
4574:
4547:
4541:
4540:
4509:. New York, NY:
4502:
4496:
4495:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4439:
4430:
4429:
4423:
4421:
4405:
4399:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4372:
4370:
4360:
4359:
4353:
4329:
4323:
4309:
4303:
4289:
4283:
4282:
4240:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4220:. 10 June 2021.
4210:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4180:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4150:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4106:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4076:
4057:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3941:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3898:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3863:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3819:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3762:
3756:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3725:. 9 March 2006.
3715:
3709:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3670:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3640:
3629:
3628:
3610:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3577:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3458:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3425:
3404:
3403:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3319:. 30 July 2009.
3309:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3258:. 8 April 2008.
3248:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3146:. 9 April 2009.
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3116:. 7 April 2009.
3106:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3086:. 3 April 2009.
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3056:. 7 April 2009.
3046:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3023:. 8 April 2009.
3013:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2966:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2924:
2918:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2868:10.2307/20034274
2847:
2841:
2840:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2641:. Archived from
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2532:
2523:
2522:
2480:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2315:
2309:
2291:
2270:
2249:
2228:
2174:
2133:Civil resistance
2069:
2068:
2012:
1984:Foreign Minister
1977:Defence Minister
1967:
1957:
1955:
1903:, aged only 47.
1889:poisoned in 2020
1695:Jeans Revolution
1689:Jeans Revolution
1673:
1667:
1666:
1660:Republican Party
1656:Serzh Sargsyan's
1641:
1553:Nazi-Soviet Pact
1541:Vladimir Voronin
1487:authoritarianism
1468:Tulip Revolution
1461:Tulip Revolution
1435:civil resistance
1404:
1394:
1392:
1327:
1324:
1317:
1316:
1255:
1252:
1245:
1244:
1191:
1189:
1184:Serbian Cyrillic
1140:get-out-the-vote
1087:in Belarus, and
1048:1996–97 protests
971:Tulip Revolution
889:
882:
875:
861:
860:
714:Hungarian (1956)
546:Spanish American
275:
252:
251:
227:anti-Americanism
225:A resurgence in
168:Student activism
108:Authoritarianism
74:
68:
62:
58:
51:
39:
38:
21:
18:Color revolution
8967:
8966:
8962:
8961:
8960:
8958:
8957:
8956:
8922:
8921:
8920:
8915:
8880:
8841:
8810:Southern Africa
8800:
8743:
8714:
8661:
8646:Ethnic violence
8623:
8618:Baragoi clashes
8577:
8533:
8441:
8413:
8403:(2016–present)
8384:
8359:
8358:Central African
8353:
8319:
8313:
8242:First Congo War
8230:
8194:
8147:
8121:
8095:
8086:Ndogboyosoi War
8074:
8037:
8021:(2003–present)
7997:(1998–present)
7970:
7942:
7927:(1970–present)
7913:
7875:
7853:2011 revolution
7847:Egyptian Crisis
7826:
7817:
7787:
7782:
7746:
7734:
7724:
7676:
7645:
7622:
7596:
7563:
7532:
7492:
7437:
7360:
7344:
7300:
7279:
7258:
7232:
7216:
7180:Afghan conflict
7152:
7138:
7131:
7105:
7079:
7058:
7042:Kachin conflict
7020:
6994:
6967:
6951:
6930:Korean conflict
6921:
6919:
6913:
6876:
6850:
6824:
6761:
6691:
6682:
6652:
6647:
6606:
6547:Southern Europe
6541:
6397:
6388:
6358:
6353:
6337:
6298:Democratization
6288:Decommunization
6271:
6207:Helsinki Summit
6147:April 9 tragedy
6119:
6109:
6038:
5947:
5895:
5886:
5880:
5768:
5762:
5630:
5624:
5577:
5571:
5527:Mathieu Kérékou
5474:
5468:
5400:
5376:Reagan Doctrine
5351:Active measures
5343:
5337:
5328:Totalitarianism
5265:
5259:
5254:
5224:
5219:
5205:Occupy movement
5171:
5135:
5099:
5078:
5073:
4877:Dawn Brancati:
4845:
4844:
4843:
4828:
4827:
4823:
4816:
4814:Further reading
4811:
4810:
4802:
4749:
4743:McFaul, Michael
4740:
4736:
4726:
4724:
4717:
4701:
4697:
4687:
4685:
4678:
4662:
4658:
4648:
4646:
4639:
4623:
4619:
4609:
4607:
4590:
4586:
4580:
4572:
4570:
4565:. 26 May 2016.
4555:
4549:
4548:
4544:
4529:
4513:. p. 332.
4503:
4499:
4493:
4480:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4456:
4454:
4441:
4440:
4433:
4419:
4417:
4406:
4402:
4396:Wayback Machine
4386:
4382:
4376:
4368:
4366:
4347:
4340:
4335:(23 May 2014).
4330:
4326:
4320:Wayback Machine
4310:
4306:
4300:Wayback Machine
4290:
4286:
4271:
4255:. p. 217.
4241:
4237:
4227:
4225:
4212:
4211:
4207:
4197:
4195:
4182:
4181:
4177:
4167:
4165:
4152:
4151:
4144:
4134:
4132:
4119:
4118:
4114:
4104:
4102:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4074:
4072:
4059:
4058:
4054:
4044:
4042:
4041:. 10 March 2020
4033:
4032:
4028:
4018:
4016:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3988:
3986:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3958:
3956:
3943:
3942:
3925:
3915:
3913:
3900:
3899:
3890:
3880:
3878:
3865:
3864:
3847:
3837:
3835:
3820:
3816:
3806:
3804:
3803:on 11 July 2007
3793:
3789:
3779:
3777:
3770:Politico Europe
3764:
3763:
3759:
3754:Wayback Machine
3746:
3742:
3732:
3730:
3723:The Independent
3717:
3716:
3712:
3706:Wayback Machine
3697:
3693:
3683:
3681:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3657:
3655:
3642:
3641:
3632:
3625:
3611:
3604:
3594:
3592:
3579:
3578:
3571:
3561:
3559:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3531:
3529:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3501:
3499:
3498:. 17 March 2006
3490:
3489:
3485:
3475:
3473:
3460:
3459:
3448:
3438:
3436:
3435:. 16 March 2006
3427:
3426:
3407:
3396:
3392:
3382:
3380:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3352:
3350:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3326:
3324:
3311:
3310:
3301:
3291:
3289:
3288:. 10 April 2009
3280:
3279:
3275:
3265:
3263:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3235:
3233:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3209:
3207:
3206:. 20 April 2009
3198:
3197:
3193:
3183:
3181:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3153:
3151:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3093:
3091:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3063:
3061:
3048:
3047:
3040:
3030:
3028:
3015:
3014:
2993:
2983:
2981:
2968:
2967:
2960:
2950:
2948:
2925:
2921:
2916:Wayback Machine
2895:
2891:
2856:Foreign Affairs
2848:
2844:
2809:
2805:
2794:
2790:
2780:
2778:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2719:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2685:
2683:
2670:
2662:
2658:
2648:
2646:
2629:
2625:
2615:
2613:
2600:
2596:
2569:Democratization
2565:
2561:
2551:
2549:
2534:
2533:
2526:
2511:
2481:
2472:
2462:
2460:
2445:
2441:
2431:
2429:
2422:Oxford Academic
2411:
2407:
2376:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2343:
2339:
2329:
2327:
2316:
2312:
2300:Wayback Machine
2289:
2288:
2279:Wayback Machine
2268:
2267:
2258:Wayback Machine
2247:
2246:
2237:Wayback Machine
2226:
2225:
2216:Wayback Machine
2207:
2200:Wayback Machine
2191:
2184:Wayback Machine
2175:
2171:
2166:
2124:
2090:
2059:
2053:
1934:
1925:
1843:Dmitry Medvedev
1839:
1833:
1805:
1799:
1787:cornflower blue
1697:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1675:
1648:Nikol Pashinyan
1624:
1616:
1608:Communist party
1588:Dmitry Medvedev
1514:
1508:
1503:
1502:
1464:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1447:general strikes
1427:electoral fraud
1380:
1372:
1364:
1359:
1358:
1346:Rose Revolution
1338:Aslan Abashidze
1319:
1302:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1247:
1234:Rose Revolution
1215:
1212:Rose Revolution
1207:
1148:Slovakia (1998)
1144:Bulgaria (1997)
1116:
1110:
1105:
1030:
1025:
993:," between the
955:Rose Revolution
893:
855:
850:
849:
506:
498:
497:
369:
361:
360:
321:
313:
312:
283:
242:Russo-Ukrainian
113:Electoral fraud
97:
78:
77:
76:
72:
70:
66:
64:
60:
56:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8965:
8955:
8954:
8949:
8944:
8939:
8934:
8917:
8916:
8914:
8913:
8908:
8903:
8898:
8892:
8890:
8889:Related topics
8886:
8885:
8882:
8881:
8879:
8878:
8877:
8876:
8871:
8862:
8856:
8849:
8847:
8843:
8842:
8840:
8839:
8838:(2017–present)
8833:
8828:
8821:
8819:
8812:
8806:
8805:
8802:
8801:
8799:
8798:
8797:
8796:
8791:
8783:
8778:
8773:
8768:
8762:
8751:
8749:
8745:
8744:
8742:
8741:
8738:Kasese clashes
8735:
8734:(1996–present)
8729:
8728:(1987–present)
8722:
8720:
8716:
8715:
8713:
8712:
8711:(2023–present)
8706:
8700:
8694:
8688:
8687:(2009–present)
8682:
8676:
8669:
8667:
8663:
8662:
8660:
8659:
8654:
8648:
8643:
8638:
8631:
8629:
8625:
8624:
8622:
8621:
8615:
8609:
8603:
8597:
8596:(1963–present)
8591:
8585:
8583:
8579:
8578:
8576:
8575:
8570:
8569:
8568:
8563:
8558:
8548:
8547:(1998–present)
8541:
8539:
8535:
8534:
8532:
8531:
8530:
8529:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8509:
8499:
8493:
8487:
8481:
8475:
8474:
8473:
8466:Oromo conflict
8462:
8460:
8453:
8447:
8446:
8443:
8442:
8440:
8439:
8438:(2009–present)
8433:
8432:(1987–present)
8427:
8421:
8419:
8415:
8414:
8412:
8411:
8410:
8409:
8407:2021 offensive
8398:
8392:
8390:
8386:
8385:
8383:
8382:
8381:
8380:
8370:
8363:
8361:
8355:
8354:
8352:
8351:
8345:
8339:
8338:
8337:
8332:
8323:
8321:
8315:
8314:
8312:
8311:
8305:
8299:
8298:
8297:
8292:
8281:
8280:(2009–present)
8278:Ituri conflict
8275:
8272:Dongo conflict
8269:
8268:(2004–present)
8263:
8260:Ituri conflict
8257:
8251:
8250:(1996–present)
8245:
8238:
8236:
8232:
8231:
8229:
8228:
8227:(1975–present)
8222:
8215:
8213:
8206:
8204:Central Africa
8200:
8199:
8196:
8195:
8193:
8192:
8191:(2020–present)
8186:
8185:
8184:
8174:
8173:(1982–present)
8168:
8165:Guinea clashes
8162:
8155:
8153:
8149:
8148:
8146:
8145:
8144:
8143:
8138:
8129:
8127:
8123:
8122:
8120:
8119:
8118:
8117:
8112:
8103:
8101:
8097:
8096:
8094:
8093:
8088:
8082:
8080:
8076:
8075:
8073:
8072:
8071:(2012–present)
8066:
8065:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8045:
8043:
8039:
8038:
8036:
8035:
8034:(2021–present)
8029:
8028:
8027:
8016:
8015:(2009–present)
8010:
8005:
8004:
8003:
7991:
7989:
7982:
7976:
7975:
7972:
7971:
7969:
7968:
7962:
7957:
7950:
7948:
7944:
7943:
7941:
7940:
7939:
7938:
7933:
7931:War, 1975–1991
7921:
7919:
7918:Western Sahara
7915:
7914:
7912:
7911:
7910:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7897:2011 civil war
7889:
7883:
7881:
7877:
7876:
7874:
7873:
7872:(2013–present)
7867:
7861:
7860:(2011–present)
7855:
7850:
7843:
7841:
7834:
7828:
7827:
7816:
7815:
7808:
7801:
7793:
7784:
7783:
7781:
7780:
7775:
7770:
7765:
7760:
7754:
7752:
7751:Related topics
7748:
7747:
7745:
7744:
7738:
7736:
7730:
7729:
7726:
7725:
7723:
7722:
7721:
7720:
7715:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7684:
7682:
7678:
7677:
7675:
7674:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7653:
7651:
7647:
7646:
7644:
7643:
7642:
7641:
7630:
7628:
7624:
7623:
7621:
7620:
7619:
7618:
7615:
7613:Qatif conflict
7604:
7602:
7598:
7597:
7595:
7594:
7593:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7571:
7569:
7565:
7564:
7562:
7561:
7556:
7551:
7546:
7540:
7538:
7534:
7533:
7531:
7530:
7529:
7528:
7518:
7517:
7516:
7511:
7500:
7498:
7494:
7493:
7491:
7490:
7489:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7461:Iraqi conflict
7458:
7457:
7456:
7445:
7443:
7439:
7438:
7436:
7435:
7430:
7429:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7408:
7407:
7406:
7404:Qatif conflict
7396:
7391:
7390:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7368:
7366:
7362:
7361:
7359:
7358:
7352:
7350:
7346:
7345:
7343:
7342:
7341:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7319:
7317:
7310:
7306:
7305:
7302:
7301:
7299:
7298:
7293:
7287:
7285:
7281:
7280:
7278:
7277:
7272:
7266:
7264:
7260:
7259:
7257:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7240:
7238:
7234:
7233:
7231:
7230:
7224:
7222:
7218:
7217:
7215:
7214:
7213:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7201:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7177:
7171:
7169:
7162:
7158:
7157:
7154:
7153:
7151:
7150:
7145:
7144:
7143:
7136:
7124:
7119:
7113:
7111:
7107:
7106:
7104:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7087:
7085:
7081:
7080:
7078:
7077:
7072:
7066:
7064:
7060:
7059:
7057:
7056:
7055:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7037:Karen conflict
7028:
7026:
7022:
7021:
7019:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7002:
7000:
6996:
6995:
6993:
6992:
6986:
6984:
6977:
6976:Southeast Asia
6973:
6972:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6965:
6959:
6957:
6953:
6952:
6950:
6949:
6948:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6926:
6924:
6915:
6914:
6912:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6895:
6893:
6886:
6882:
6881:
6878:
6877:
6875:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6858:
6856:
6852:
6851:
6849:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6832:
6830:
6826:
6825:
6823:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6806:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6775:
6769:
6767:
6763:
6762:
6760:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6738:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6706:
6704:
6697:
6693:
6692:
6681:
6680:
6673:
6666:
6658:
6649:
6648:
6646:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6614:
6612:
6611:Related topics
6608:
6607:
6605:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6573:
6572:
6562:
6557:
6551:
6549:
6543:
6542:
6540:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6528:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6446:
6445:
6435:
6430:
6429:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6407:
6405:
6403:Eastern Europe
6399:
6398:
6387:
6386:
6379:
6372:
6364:
6355:
6354:
6352:
6351:
6345:
6343:
6339:
6338:
6336:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6323:Post-communism
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6279:
6277:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6123:
6121:
6115:
6114:
6111:
6110:
6108:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6046:
6044:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5955:
5953:
5949:
5948:
5946:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5913:Czechoslovakia
5910:
5905:
5899:
5897:
5896:Eastern Europe
5888:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5772:
5770:
5764:
5763:
5761:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5743:Isaias Afwerki
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5723:Zianon Pazniak
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5634:
5632:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5581:
5579:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5502:Erich Honecker
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5478:
5476:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5414:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5347:
5345:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5283:Anti-communism
5280:
5275:
5269:
5267:
5261:
5260:
5253:
5252:
5245:
5238:
5230:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5196:
5195:
5185:
5179:
5177:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5143:
5141:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5107:
5105:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5092:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5079:
5072:
5071:
5064:
5057:
5049:
5043:
5042:
5041:, 16(3): 5–19.
5031:
5022:
4987:
4950:
4936:
4929:
4922:
4906:
4896:
4882:
4875:
4857:(2): 259–276.
4842:
4841:
4836:
4830:
4829:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4734:
4715:
4695:
4677:978-0812207095
4676:
4656:
4637:
4617:
4584:
4557:(Report). The
4542:
4527:
4497:
4464:
4431:
4400:
4380:
4324:
4304:
4284:
4269:
4235:
4205:
4175:
4142:
4112:
4082:
4052:
4026:
3996:
3966:
3923:
3888:
3845:
3814:
3787:
3757:
3740:
3710:
3691:
3665:
3630:
3623:
3602:
3569:
3539:
3509:
3483:
3446:
3405:
3390:
3360:
3334:
3299:
3273:
3243:
3232:. 7 April 2009
3217:
3191:
3161:
3131:
3114:New York Times
3101:
3071:
3054:New York Times
3038:
2991:
2958:
2919:
2889:
2842:
2803:
2788:
2729:
2693:
2678:(in Serbian).
2656:
2645:on 1 July 2005
2623:
2594:
2575:(1): 120–140.
2559:
2524:
2509:
2470:
2439:
2414:Bunce, Valerie
2405:
2370:
2337:
2310:
2245:(26 juni 2009)
2168:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2093:Michael McFaul
2089:
2086:
2052:
2049:
1994:Vladimir Putin
1933:
1930:
1924:
1921:
1885:Alexei Navalny
1847:Vladimir Putin
1835:Main article:
1832:
1829:
1801:Main article:
1798:
1795:
1766:October Square
1693:Main article:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1652:Civil Contract
1625:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1510:Main article:
1507:
1504:
1465:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1373:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1315:აჭარის კრიზისი
1303:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1216:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1152:Croatia (2000)
1112:Main article:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
911:(particularly
895:
894:
892:
891:
884:
877:
869:
866:
865:
852:
851:
848:
847:
846:
845:
835:
830:
829:
828:
823:
818:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
777:
776:
771:
766:
761:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
690:
689:
684:
674:
673:
672:
667:
662:
654:
649:
644:
643:
642:
637:
629:
624:
619:
614:
613:
612:
607:
602:
597:
595:Italian states
587:
582:
581:
580:
575:
565:
560:
555:
550:
549:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
513:
507:
504:
503:
500:
499:
496:
495:
490:
488:Tax resistance
485:
480:
475:
470:
469:
468:
463:
458:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
412:
411:
401:
396:
391:
389:Class conflict
386:
381:
379:Civil disorder
376:
370:
367:
366:
363:
362:
359:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
322:
319:
318:
315:
314:
311:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
284:
281:
280:
277:
276:
268:
267:
261:
260:
248:
247:
246:
245:
238:Russo-Georgian
234:
223:
220:
213:
198:
177:
173:
172:
171:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
148:Civil disorder
145:
138:
134:
133:
132:
131:
126:
121:
115:
110:
103:
99:
98:
86:
84:
80:
79:
71:
65:
55:
54:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8964:
8953:
8950:
8948:
8945:
8943:
8940:
8938:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8929:
8927:
8912:
8909:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8896:War on terror
8894:
8893:
8891:
8887:
8875:
8872:
8869:
8866:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8857:
8854:
8851:
8850:
8848:
8844:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8829:
8826:
8823:
8822:
8820:
8816:
8813:
8811:
8807:
8795:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8786:
8784:
8782:
8779:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8769:
8766:
8763:
8760:
8756:
8753:
8752:
8750:
8746:
8739:
8736:
8733:
8730:
8727:
8724:
8723:
8721:
8717:
8710:
8707:
8704:
8701:
8698:
8697:Heglig Crisis
8695:
8692:
8689:
8686:
8683:
8680:
8679:War in Darfur
8677:
8674:
8671:
8670:
8668:
8664:
8658:
8655:
8652:
8649:
8647:
8644:
8642:
8639:
8636:
8635:Heglig Crisis
8633:
8632:
8630:
8626:
8619:
8616:
8613:
8610:
8607:
8606:Kenyan crisis
8604:
8601:
8598:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8586:
8584:
8580:
8574:
8571:
8567:
8564:
8562:
8559:
8557:
8554:
8553:
8552:
8549:
8546:
8543:
8542:
8540:
8536:
8528:
8527:War in Amhara
8525:
8523:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8504:
8503:
8500:
8497:
8494:
8491:
8488:
8485:
8482:
8479:
8476:
8472:
8469:
8468:
8467:
8464:
8463:
8461:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8448:
8437:
8434:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8422:
8420:
8416:
8408:
8405:
8404:
8402:
8399:
8397:
8394:
8393:
8391:
8387:
8379:
8376:
8375:
8374:
8371:
8368:
8365:
8364:
8362:
8356:
8349:
8346:
8343:
8340:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8328:
8327:
8325:
8324:
8322:
8316:
8309:
8306:
8303:
8300:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8287:
8285:
8282:
8279:
8276:
8273:
8270:
8267:
8266:Kivu conflict
8264:
8261:
8258:
8255:
8252:
8249:
8246:
8243:
8240:
8239:
8237:
8233:
8226:
8223:
8220:
8217:
8216:
8214:
8210:
8207:
8205:
8201:
8190:
8187:
8183:
8180:
8179:
8178:
8175:
8172:
8169:
8166:
8163:
8160:
8157:
8156:
8154:
8150:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8133:
8131:
8130:
8128:
8126:Côte d'Ivoire
8124:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8107:
8105:
8104:
8102:
8098:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8083:
8081:
8077:
8070:
8067:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8049:
8047:
8046:
8044:
8040:
8033:
8030:
8026:
8025:2016 conflict
8023:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8002:
7999:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7992:
7990:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7977:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7955:
7952:
7951:
7949:
7945:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7922:
7920:
7916:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7894:
7893:
7892:Libyan Crisis
7890:
7888:
7885:
7884:
7882:
7878:
7871:
7868:
7865:
7862:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7848:
7845:
7844:
7842:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7829:
7825:
7822:
7814:
7809:
7807:
7802:
7800:
7795:
7794:
7791:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7758:War on terror
7756:
7755:
7753:
7749:
7743:
7740:
7739:
7737:
7731:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7710:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7685:
7683:
7679:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7654:
7652:
7648:
7640:
7637:
7636:
7635:
7632:
7631:
7629:
7625:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7610:
7609:
7606:
7605:
7603:
7599:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7577:
7576:
7573:
7572:
7570:
7566:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7541:
7539:
7535:
7527:
7524:
7523:
7522:
7519:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7506:
7505:
7502:
7501:
7499:
7495:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7463:
7462:
7459:
7455:
7452:
7451:
7450:
7447:
7446:
7444:
7440:
7434:
7431:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7413:
7412:
7409:
7405:
7402:
7401:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7374:
7373:
7370:
7369:
7367:
7363:
7357:
7354:
7353:
7351:
7347:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7333:2016 conflict
7331:
7329:
7326:
7325:
7324:
7321:
7320:
7318:
7314:
7311:
7307:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7288:
7286:
7282:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7267:
7265:
7261:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7241:
7239:
7235:
7229:
7226:
7225:
7223:
7219:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7205:2001–2021 War
7203:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7185:
7183:
7182:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7172:
7170:
7166:
7163:
7159:
7149:
7146:
7141:
7137:
7134:
7130:
7129:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7114:
7112:
7108:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7088:
7086:
7082:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7067:
7065:
7061:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7034:
7033:
7030:
7029:
7027:
7023:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7003:
7001:
6997:
6991:
6988:
6987:
6985:
6981:
6978:
6974:
6964:
6961:
6960:
6958:
6954:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6932:
6931:
6928:
6927:
6925:
6916:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6896:
6894:
6890:
6887:
6883:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6859:
6857:
6853:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6833:
6831:
6827:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6780:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6770:
6768:
6764:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6712:
6711:
6708:
6707:
6705:
6701:
6698:
6694:
6690:
6687:
6679:
6674:
6672:
6667:
6665:
6660:
6659:
6656:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6638:War on terror
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6615:
6613:
6609:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6571:
6568:
6567:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6548:
6544:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6520:War in Donbas
6518:
6516:
6513:
6512:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6421:2016 conflict
6419:
6417:
6414:
6413:
6412:
6409:
6408:
6406:
6404:
6400:
6396:
6393:
6385:
6380:
6378:
6373:
6371:
6366:
6365:
6362:
6350:
6347:
6346:
6344:
6340:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6328:Yugoslav Wars
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6318:Neo-Stalinism
6316:
6314:
6313:Neo-Sovietism
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6280:
6278:
6274:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6197:Black January
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6124:
6122:
6116:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6041:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5950:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5892:
5889:
5883:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5765:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5748:Ronald Reagan
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5728:Zhelyu Zhelev
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5708:Boris Yeltsin
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5688:Joachim Gauck
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5633:
5627:
5621:
5620:Strike action
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5574:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5562:Todor Zhivkov
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5552:Deng Xiaoping
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5471:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5419:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5403:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5381:Soviet Empire
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5342:International
5340:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5262:
5258:
5251:
5246:
5244:
5239:
5237:
5232:
5231:
5228:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5174:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5138:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5102:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5070:
5065:
5063:
5058:
5056:
5051:
5050:
5047:
5040:
5037:. July 2005.
5036:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5005:
5001:
5000:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4951:
4949:
4948:92-871-5654-9
4945:
4941:
4937:
4934:
4930:
4927:
4923:
4920:
4916:
4915:
4910:
4907:
4904:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4847:
4846:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4756:
4748:
4745:(July 2005).
4744:
4738:
4722:
4718:
4716:9781136951978
4712:
4709:. Routledge.
4708:
4707:
4699:
4683:
4679:
4673:
4669:
4668:
4660:
4644:
4640:
4638:9781317989677
4634:
4631:. Routledge.
4630:
4629:
4621:
4605:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4588:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4546:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4528:9780231207058
4524:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4501:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4468:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4438:
4436:
4428:
4415:
4411:
4404:
4397:
4393:
4390:
4384:
4364:
4354:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4334:
4328:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4308:
4301:
4297:
4294:
4288:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4270:9780198719519
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4239:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4209:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4179:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4147:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4116:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4086:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4040:
4036:
4030:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4000:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3970:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3818:
3802:
3798:
3791:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3761:
3755:
3751:
3748:
3744:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3714:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3695:
3679:
3675:
3669:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3626:
3624:9783631659908
3620:
3616:
3609:
3607:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3576:
3574:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3513:
3497:
3493:
3487:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3401:
3394:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3287:
3283:
3277:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3247:
3231:
3227:
3221:
3205:
3201:
3195:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3135:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3045:
3043:
3026:
3022:
3021:The Economist
3018:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2923:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2893:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2846:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2807:
2799:
2792:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2733:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2705:
2697:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2669:
2660:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2627:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2603:Lakey, George
2598:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2563:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2510:9780198719519
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2443:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2341:
2325:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2265:
2264:
2263:de Volkskrant
2259:
2255:
2252:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2206:(4 July 2011)
2205:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2075:
2073:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1987:Sergei Lavrov
1985:
1981:
1980:Sergei Shoigu
1978:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1936:According to
1929:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1897:labour colony
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1877:Boris Nemtsov
1874:
1871:
1866:
1865:, and Putin.
1864:
1863:United Russia
1859:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1794:
1790:
1788:
1782:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1672:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1650:(head of the
1649:
1645:
1640:#ՄերժիրՍերժին
1637:
1633:
1629:
1622:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1600:Liberal Party
1596:
1591:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1462:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1397:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1370:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1322:
1311:
1307:
1306:Adjara crisis
1300:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1250:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1213:
1202:
1200:
1194:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1100:
1099:'s writings.
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1058:launched its
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1020:
1018:
1017:Western world
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
987:Seva Gunitsky
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
939:
937:
933:
930:
929:Western-style
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
890:
885:
883:
878:
876:
871:
870:
868:
867:
864:
859:
854:
853:
844:
841:
840:
839:
836:
834:
831:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
813:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
756:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
688:
685:
683:
680:
679:
678:
675:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
657:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
641:
638:
636:
633:
632:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
592:
591:
588:
586:
583:
579:
576:
574:
571:
570:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
518:
517:
514:
512:
509:
508:
502:
501:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
483:Strike action
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
453:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
416:Direct action
414:
410:
407:
406:
405:
404:Demonstration
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
371:
365:
364:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
323:
317:
316:
309:
306:
304:
301:
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40:
37:
33:
19:
8910:
8757: /
8320:of the Congo
8079:Sierra Leone
7832:North Africa
7777:
7601:Saudi Arabia
7309:Western Asia
7161:Central Asia
6643:War on drugs
6282:
6276:Later events
6192:Malta Summit
6024:Turkmenistan
5952:Soviet Union
5938:Soviet Union
5918:East Germany
5738:Meles Zenawi
5693:Sali Berisha
5643:Václav Havel
5590:Human chains
5497:Károly Grósz
5427:Khozraschyot
5318:Nomenklatura
5293:Eastern Bloc
5182:
5176:21st century
5140:20th century
5104:19th century
5083:18th century
5026:
5018:
5012:
4998:
4990:Adam Roberts
4958:
4954:
4939:
4932:
4925:
4912:
4902:
4885:
4878:
4854:
4850:
4824:
4800:the original
4759:
4753:
4737:
4727:24 September
4725:. Retrieved
4705:
4698:
4688:24 September
4686:. Retrieved
4666:
4659:
4649:24 September
4647:. Retrieved
4627:
4620:
4608:. Retrieved
4597:
4587:
4573:17 September
4571:. Retrieved
4545:
4506:
4500:
4467:
4455:. Retrieved
4425:
4418:. Retrieved
4403:
4383:
4369:16 September
4367:. Retrieved
4363:the original
4343:
4327:
4307:
4287:
4244:
4238:
4226:. Retrieved
4217:
4208:
4196:. Retrieved
4188:EuropeElects
4187:
4178:
4166:. Retrieved
4157:
4133:. Retrieved
4124:
4115:
4103:. Retrieved
4095:The Guardian
4094:
4085:
4073:. Retrieved
4064:
4055:
4043:. Retrieved
4039:The Guardian
4038:
4029:
4017:. Retrieved
4008:
3999:
3987:. Retrieved
3978:
3969:
3957:. Retrieved
3949:Amazon Prime
3948:
3914:. Retrieved
3905:
3879:. Retrieved
3870:
3836:. Retrieved
3827:
3817:
3805:. Retrieved
3801:the original
3790:
3780:16 September
3778:. Retrieved
3774:the original
3769:
3760:
3743:
3731:. Retrieved
3722:
3713:
3694:
3682:. Retrieved
3677:
3668:
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3647:
3614:
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3584:
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3551:
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3521:
3512:
3500:. Retrieved
3495:
3486:
3474:. Retrieved
3465:
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3432:
3393:
3381:. Retrieved
3373:Crisis Group
3363:
3351:. Retrieved
3346:
3337:
3325:. Retrieved
3316:
3290:. Retrieved
3285:
3276:
3264:. Retrieved
3255:
3246:
3234:. Retrieved
3230:The Guardian
3229:
3220:
3208:. Retrieved
3203:
3194:
3182:. Retrieved
3173:
3164:
3152:. Retrieved
3143:
3134:
3122:. Retrieved
3113:
3104:
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3083:
3074:
3062:. Retrieved
3053:
3029:. Retrieved
3020:
2982:. Retrieved
2973:
2949:. Retrieved
2932:
2922:
2905:
2898:Adam Roberts
2892:
2862:(2): 35–52.
2859:
2855:
2845:
2823:(1): 30–56.
2820:
2816:
2806:
2791:
2781:27 September
2779:. Retrieved
2746:
2742:
2732:
2722:27 September
2720:. Retrieved
2709:
2703:
2696:
2684:. Retrieved
2673:
2667:
2659:
2647:. Retrieved
2643:the original
2636:
2626:
2616:19 September
2614:. Retrieved
2610:
2597:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2550:. Retrieved
2539:
2484:
2461:. Retrieved
2452:
2442:
2430:. Retrieved
2421:
2408:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2361:. Retrieved
2350:
2340:
2328:. Retrieved
2313:
2303:
2290:(in Spanish)
2282:
2261:
2242:De Standaard
2240:
2219:
2172:
2128:People power
2091:
2076:
2063:
2060:
2022:
2017:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1970:
1935:
1926:
1917:Dmitry Bykov
1881:assassinated
1875:
1867:
1855:
1840:
1806:
1791:
1783:
1771:
1754:
1738:
1714:
1592:
1570:social media
1562:
1533:civil unrest
1530:
1493:and then to
1475:Askar Akayev
1283:stormed the
1175:
1165:
1129:
1082:
1081:in Ukraine,
1077:in Georgia,
1072:
1068:
1066:
1059:
1055:
1033:
1031:
1003:
940:
904:
900:
898:
749:People Power
466:Disobedience
325:
118:Human rights
36:
8906:Arab Winter
8901:Arab Spring
8870:(1998–1999)
8861:(1994–1999)
8827:(1977–1992)
8767:(1991–1994)
8761:(1990–1994)
8705:(2022–2023)
8693:(2011–2020)
8681:(2003–2020)
8675:(1983–2005)
8653:(2013–2020)
8628:South Sudan
8614:(2012–2013)
8608:(2007–2008)
8498:(2000–2018)
8492:(1998–2000)
8486:(1995–2018)
8480:(1994–2018)
8451:East Africa
8369:(2004–2007)
8350:(2016–2017)
8344:(2002–2003)
8326:Civil wars
8310:(2016–2019)
8304:(2013–2018)
8262:(1999–2007)
8256:(1998–2003)
8244:(1996–1997)
8225:Cabinda War
8221:(1975–2002)
8161:(1998–1999)
7980:West Africa
7967:(2010–2011)
7956:(1991–2002)
7866:(2013–2014)
7849:(2011–2014)
7773:Arab Winter
7768:Arab Spring
7168:Afghanistan
7101:2006 crisis
7096:1999 crisis
6252:August Coup
6105:South Yemen
6050:Afghanistan
5894:Central and
5887:by location
5791:Civic Forum
5678:Feng Congde
5653:Ion Iliescu
5638:Lech Wałęsa
5595:Magnitizdat
5557:Zhao Ziyang
5547:Heng Samrin
5507:Miloš Jakeš
5417:Perestroika
5188:Arab Spring
4961:(1): 1–24.
4610:4 September
4457:19 December
4420:20 November
4348: [
4135:18 February
4105:18 February
4075:18 February
4045:18 February
4019:18 February
3871:BBC IPlayer
3838:11 December
3807:14 February
2749:(1): 1–24.
2541:EUvsDisinfo
2463:30 November
2269:(in French)
2143:Arab Spring
1909:Ilya Yashin
1524:during the
1520:Rioters in
1067:Members of
999:Arab Spring
973:(2005) and
903:(sometimes
811:Arab Spring
409:Human chain
399:Coup d'état
308:Proletarian
176:Resulted in
124:Kleptocracy
8926:Categories
8818:Mozambique
8522:Tigray War
7338:Second War
7316:Azerbaijan
7284:Uzbekistan
7263:Tajikistan
7237:Kyrgyzstan
7221:Kazakhstan
7184:Civil War
7084:East Timor
6922:and South)
6696:South Asia
6426:Second War
6293:Lustration
6167:Baltic Way
6118:Individual
6095:Mozambique
6034:Uzbekistan
6019:Tajikistan
6004:Kyrgyzstan
5999:Kazakhstan
5964:Azerbaijan
5943:Yugoslavia
5821:Solidarity
5781:Charter 77
5767:Opposition
5663:Wu'erkaixi
5629:Opposition
5576:Opposition
5567:Siad Barre
5512:Egon Krenz
5482:Ramiz Alia
5473:Government
5412:Uskoreniye
5344:background
5266:background
5013:US edition
4911:. (2017).
4788:4637557635
4550:"国家安全形势".
4482:(Report).
2453:Providence
2386:(2): 183.
2330:13 January
2248:(in Dutch)
2227:(in Dutch)
2164:References
2082:Xi Jinping
2055:See also:
2039:, and the
2025:Euromaidan
1975:, such as
1923:Opposition
1825:Euromaidan
1807:After the
1779:blue jeans
1719:had ruled
1551:under the
1531:There was
1491:Kazakhstan
1483:corruption
1419:corruption
1285:Parliament
1277:Soviet era
1097:Gene Sharp
1044:Kosovo War
1023:Background
967:Kyrgyzstan
923:) and the
921:Kyrgyzstan
833:Euromaidan
781:Bolivarian
729:Nicaraguan
709:Guatemalan
647:Young Turk
627:Philippine
456:Nonviolent
451:Resistance
426:Insurgency
336:Nonviolent
331:From above
303:Democratic
215:Spread of
210:Kazakhstan
206:Uzbekistan
187:Kyrgyzstan
120:violations
8651:Civil War
8335:1997–1999
8330:1993–1994
8286:conflict
8141:2010–2011
8136:2002–2007
8115:1999–2003
8110:1989–1996
8057:2007–2009
8052:1990–1995
7568:Palestine
7328:First War
7198:1996–2001
7193:1992–1996
7188:1989–1992
6999:Indonesia
6885:East Asia
6829:Sri Lanka
6416:First War
6333:Pink tide
6127:Jeltoqsan
6043:Elsewhere
5994:Lithuania
5846:Rastokhez
5786:New Forum
5769:movements
5668:Chai Ling
5278:Communism
5215:Coup Belt
5019:On Google
4983:129384588
4975:0008-5006
4796:154994813
4780:1086-3214
4358:Пресс код
4279:993635784
4125:AlJazeera
2941:0015-7120
2876:0015-7120
2837:1352-3279
2771:129384588
2649:12 August
2589:1351-0347
2519:993635784
2400:158669788
2077:In 2018,
2070:) by the
1959:romanized
1932:In Russia
1575:Stalinist
1472:President
1396:romanized
1387:Ukrainian
1321:romanized
1270:President
1249:romanized
786:Bulldozer
739:Carnation
734:Argentine
677:1917–1923
665:Communist
610:Hungarian
446:Rebellion
384:Civil war
346:Permanent
293:Communist
288:Bourgeois
102:Caused by
8759:genocide
8459:Ethiopia
8367:Bush War
8360:Republic
8348:Pool War
8318:Republic
8235:DR Congo
8069:Mali War
7821:Cold War
7735:conflict
7063:Thailand
6983:Cambodia
6766:Pakistan
6686:Cold War
6392:Cold War
6090:Mongolia
6085:Ethiopia
6070:Cambodia
5974:Chechnya
5908:Bulgaria
5683:Tank Man
5673:Wang Dan
5658:Liu Gang
5615:Samizdat
5610:Protests
5449:Glasnost
5432:500 Days
5356:Cold War
5264:Internal
4996:(eds.),
4871:53496573
4766:: 5–19.
4721:Archived
4682:Archived
4643:Archived
4604:Archived
4567:Archived
4451:Archived
4427:Russia.'
4414:Archived
4392:Archived
4316:Archived
4313:vesti.ru
4296:Archived
4228:20 March
4222:Archived
4198:20 March
4192:Archived
4168:20 March
4162:Archived
4129:Archived
4099:Archived
4069:Archived
4065:NBC News
4013:Archived
3983:Archived
3953:Archived
3910:Archived
3875:Archived
3832:Archived
3750:Archived
3733:15 April
3727:Archived
3702:Archived
3652:Archived
3648:CBS News
3589:Archived
3585:BBC News
3556:Archived
3552:BBC News
3526:Archived
3522:BBC News
3496:BBC News
3470:Archived
3466:BBC News
3433:BBC News
3383:27 April
3377:Archived
3347:BBC News
3321:Archived
3317:BBC News
3286:BBC News
3260:Archived
3204:BBC News
3178:Archived
3148:Archived
3118:Archived
3088:Archived
3084:BBC News
3058:Archived
3025:Archived
2978:Archived
2945:Archived
2912:Archived
2904:(eds.),
2884:20034274
2775:Archived
2763:25822280
2716:Archived
2686:19 April
2680:Archived
2546:Archived
2457:Archived
2426:Archived
2357:Archived
2324:Archived
2296:Archived
2284:Le Monde
2275:Archived
2254:Archived
2233:Archived
2212:Archived
2196:Archived
2188:BBC News
2180:Archived
2122:See also
2051:In China
1762:CBS News
1644:protests
1636:Armenian
1581:and the
1566:Chișinău
1522:Chișinău
1407:protests
1310:Georgian
1256:) was a
1238:Georgian
1188:Готов је
1178:Gotov je
1061:Gotov je
1050:and the
965:(2004),
957:(2003),
949:(2000),
843:Sudanese
821:Egyptian
816:Tunisian
769:Romanian
670:Cultural
656:Chinese
631:Iranian
600:February
521:American
516:Atlantic
505:Examples
478:Samizdat
282:By class
257:a series
255:Part of
231:jingoism
92:Yugoslav
83:Location
8538:Somalia
8100:Liberia
7988:Nigeria
7537:Lebanon
7349:Bahrain
7025:Myanmar
6342:Related
6100:Somalia
6029:Ukraine
6009:Moldova
5984:Georgia
5979:Estonia
5969:Belarus
5959:Armenia
5933:Romania
5923:Hungary
5903:Albania
5811:Sąjūdis
5631:leaders
5578:methods
5475:leaders
5464:Đổi Mới
5405:Reforms
4561:of the
4554:中国的军事战略
4488:Kremlin
4009:DW News
3989:3 March
3979:YouTube
3959:3 March
3916:3 March
3906:YouTube
3881:3 March
3684:5 April
3658:5 March
3595:4 April
3562:4 April
3532:4 April
3502:4 April
3476:4 April
3439:4 April
3353:3 April
3327:3 April
3292:3 April
3266:3 April
3236:3 April
3210:3 April
3184:3 April
3154:3 April
3124:3 April
3094:3 April
3064:3 April
3031:3 April
2984:3 April
2552:12 July
2432:12 July
2363:12 July
2305:El País
2067:中国的军事战略
2007:Russian
1961::
1950:Russian
1946:Russian
1940:of the
1721:Belarus
1684:Belarus
1632:Armenia
1614:Armenia
1545:Romania
1506:Moldova
1443:sit-ins
1411:Ukraine
1398::
1362:Ukraine
1334:Adjaran
1330:Georgia
1262:Georgia
1228:Tbilisi
1205:Georgia
1195:
1130:In the
975:Armenia
959:Ukraine
951:Georgia
917:Ukraine
913:Georgia
774:Singing
724:Rwandan
699:Spanish
694:Siamese
682:Russian
652:Mexican
578:Belgian
553:Serbian
541:Haitian
526:Brabant
511:English
441:Protest
374:Boycott
368:Methods
341:Passive
202:Belarus
195:Ukraine
183:Georgia
137:Methods
90:, post-
8855:(1994)
8846:Others
8748:Others
8740:(2016)
8719:Uganda
8699:(2012)
8637:(2012)
8620:(2012)
8602:(1997)
8566:AMISOM
8418:Others
8274:(2009)
8212:Angola
8167:(2013)
8152:Others
7947:Others
7650:Turkey
7497:Israel
7110:Others
6956:Taiwan
6920:(North
6918:Korea
6855:Others
6120:events
6055:Angola
6014:Russia
5989:Latvia
5928:Poland
5885:Events
5537:Ne Win
5006:
4981:
4973:
4946:
4892:
4869:
4822:about
4794:
4786:
4778:
4713:
4674:
4635:
4535:
4525:
4484:Moscow
4345:Odnako
4277:
4267:
4249:Oxford
4218:RFE/RL
4158:RFE/RL
3621:
2974:RFE/RL
2951:28 May
2939:
2882:
2874:
2835:
2769:
2761:
2587:
2517:
2507:
2489:Oxford
2398:
2035:, the
2031:, the
2027:, the
1973:Russia
1887:, was
1858:Moscow
1831:Russia
1749:Russia
1499:Moscow
1495:Russia
1445:, and
1312::
1292:Adjara
1240::
1172:Otpor!
1150:, and
1108:Serbia
1089:MJAFT!
1069:Otpor!
1056:Otpor!
1035:Otpor!
1011:, and
1005:Russia
989:as a "
919:, and
826:Yemeni
806:Kyrgyz
796:Orange
764:Velvet
759:Yogurt
704:August
687:German
660:Xinhai
640:Second
617:Eureka
605:German
536:French
493:Terror
436:Mutiny
351:Social
326:Colour
193:, and
191:Serbia
95:Serbia
73:
67:
61:
59:
57:
8666:Sudan
8582:Kenya
7880:Libya
7840:Egypt
7819:Post–
7681:Yemen
7627:Syria
6892:China
6703:India
6684:Post–
6390:Post–
6075:China
6065:Burma
6060:Benin
4979:S2CID
4867:S2CID
4803:(PDF)
4792:S2CID
4762:(3).
4750:(PDF)
4533:JSTOR
4352:]
2880:JSTOR
2767:S2CID
2759:JSTOR
2396:S2CID
1758:Minsk
1709:Minsk
1074:Kmara
1009:China
801:Tulip
719:Cuban
635:First
585:Texas
558:Greek
531:Liège
461:Civil
8389:Chad
8062:2012
8042:Mali
7442:Iraq
7365:Iran
7140:Moro
5004:ISBN
4992:and
4971:ISSN
4944:ISBN
4890:ISBN
4784:OCLC
4776:ISSN
4729:2020
4711:ISBN
4690:2020
4672:ISBN
4651:2020
4633:ISBN
4612:2024
4575:2020
4523:ISBN
4459:2023
4447:TASS
4422:2014
4371:2020
4275:OCLC
4265:ISBN
4230:2024
4200:2024
4170:2024
4137:2024
4107:2024
4077:2024
4047:2024
4021:2024
3991:2024
3961:2024
3918:2024
3883:2024
3840:2020
3809:2011
3782:2020
3735:2020
3686:2024
3660:2024
3619:ISBN
3597:2024
3564:2024
3534:2024
3504:2024
3478:2024
3441:2024
3385:2018
3355:2024
3329:2024
3294:2024
3268:2024
3238:2024
3212:2024
3186:2024
3156:2024
3126:2024
3096:2024
3066:2024
3033:2024
2986:2024
2953:2020
2937:ISSN
2900:and
2872:ISSN
2833:ISSN
2783:2023
2724:2023
2688:2019
2651:2005
2618:2024
2585:ISSN
2554:2023
2515:OCLC
2505:ISBN
2465:2022
2434:2023
2365:2023
2332:2010
1785:or '
1626:The
1485:and
1466:The
1431:Kyiv
1425:and
1381:The
1304:The
1232:The
1193:lit.
1122:The
1084:Zubr
1079:PORA
1013:Iran
985:and
899:The
791:Rose
754:1989
744:Saur
590:1848
573:July
568:1830
563:1820
473:Riot
356:Wave
244:wars
240:and
236:the
229:and
208:and
7133:NPA
5313:KGB
5010:.
4963:doi
4859:doi
4768:doi
4577:.
4515:doi
4373:.
4257:doi
2864:doi
2825:doi
2751:doi
2577:doi
2497:doi
2388:doi
2204:CNN
1893:FSB
1707:in
1583:BBC
1332:'s
1226:in
977:'s
969:'s
961:'s
953:'s
945:'s
8928::
5016:.
4977:.
4969:.
4959:53
4957:.
4917:.
4865:.
4853:.
4790:.
4782:.
4774:.
4760:16
4758:.
4752:.
4719:.
4680:.
4641:.
4602:.
4596:.
4531:.
4521:.
4486::
4445:.
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4424:.
4355:.
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4342:.
4273:.
4263:.
4251::
4247:.
4216:.
4186:.
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4063:.
4037:.
4007:.
3977:.
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3904:.
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3869:.
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3830:.
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3768:.
3721:.
3676:.
3646:.
3633:^
3605:^
3583:.
3572:^
3550:.
3520:.
3494:.
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