625:. Members were often encouraged to confess to him both their own sins, and the sins of others that they had witnessed. Supposed sinners were often publicly outed and shamed during gathering times and meals. Women were thought to be inherently sinful, plagued by sexuality, thus the justification behind separating the men from the women. Schäfer often dictated forming romantic relationships, as far as saying when to get married and have children. Most of the time, however, conceptions of the family inside the colony were based not on genetics, but on loyalty to Schäfer, who self-identified as ‘The Permanent Uncle.’ When a child was born, it would not stay with its biological parents, but rather be raised by nurses in a group called ‘The Babies.’ Each stage of life was categorized like this, with the following stages being ‘The Wedges’ (up to age 15), ‘The Army of Salvation,’ ‘The Elder Servants’ by age 30, and lastly, by age 50, ‘The Comalos.’ This was done in an effort to give everyone an exact role in the colony's order. Inhabitants lived in groups of about six, and all wore similar German 30s-style clothing. Each person would work 12+ hours a day, receiving no payment, but doing so rather for the sake of Colonia Dignidad.
672:
949:, considered to be Schäfer's "right-hand-man" at Colonia Dignidad, was placed under house arrest in Chile while awaiting trial for human rights crimes. In May 2011, Hopp fled Chile on board a helicopter, later making his way to Germany. In June 2016, prosecutors in Germany petitioned a court to enforce a 5-year prison sentence that Hopp was sentenced to in absentia in Chile. In May 2019, German prosecutors announced that they had dropped their investigation into Hopp and Reinhard Döring. In January 2020, a lawyer for the victims, Petra Schlagenhauf, lodged a complaint seeking to have the investigation reopened.
664:
956:'s church in Germany, where they were protected from extradition. Frank is a leader of William Branham's followers in Germany. German protestors picketed in front of Frank's church to protest his actions. The government of Chile banned Ewald Frank from entering the country after finding he had been visiting and holding revival meetings with Schäfer's followers at Colonia. Schäfer's followers speculated to news reporters that Frank and Schäfer had known each other since the 1950s when they were both at Branham's European campaign meetings together.
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590:. The perimeter of the colony was made up of barbed wire, searchlights, and a watchtower. Today the colony is not as isolated as it was under Schäfer's leadership; Schäfer made great efforts to keep the colony as isolated as he could. The road to the colony cut through farmland and forest, and brought the traveler to a large barbed-wire fence that was generally heavily protected. Inside, however, the colony seemed fairly normal, though a bit old-fashioned:
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39:
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insisted that discipline was spiritually enriching. One of the first instances of abuse allegations was in 1966 from escapee
Wolfgang Müller, who had been sixteen when he came to the colony. He claimed that he was forced into slave labor, received regular harsh beatings, and was molested by Schäfer on multiple occasions. Müller said that former Nazis were part of the colony as well.
489:. Some torture victims allege that Schäfer was directly involved in their torture. There is speculation that the extent of Schäfer's involvement with Pinochet has not yet been fully disclosed. Schäfer's 2005 arrest saw more than 500 government files of missing detainees hidden in the ‘bodega de las papas’ (‘potato cellar’ in English). Each of these files contained details of severe
724:. Weisfeiler, then 43 years old, vanished while on a hiking trip near the border between Chile and Argentina in the early part of January 1985. It is presumed that Weisfeiler had been kidnapped and taken to the Colony where he was tortured and killed. In 2012, a judge in Chile ordered the arrest of eight former police and army officials over the kidnapping of Weisfeiler during the
403:
Schäfer claimed to experience a healing in the meeting, and thereafter began to strongly teach some of
Branham's key doctrines. Following the 1955 meetings with Branham, Schäfer began to put more of William Branham's doctrines into practice in his group, and began to insist to his followers that they were the "only faithful ones" to William Branham's teachings.
600:
Dignidad as a utopian paradise, seemingly frozen in a time before World War II. In reality, Schäfer ran a fear-based colony where members were barred from interacting with the world outside the community, and a few were armed to protect the community against possible outside attacks. The inhabitants lived under an abnormal
395:, Schäfer's first employment in Germany was as a welfare worker for children in an institution of the local church. He was fired from that post at the end of the 1940s and faced accusations of sexual abuse against children in his care. While these first reports led to his dismissal, no criminal proceedings were initiated.
582:
The colony continued to ‘import’ children from
Germany and the surrounding areas until the end of Schäfer's leadership. Colonia Dignidad grew to have about 350 people, around 100 of whom were children. Those on the side of the colony said that it was a harmless organization, but, those against it recounted it as
920:
The high concentration of
Germans in Chile shaped the country's overall attitude towards subjects like education and military. A few of the Germans who immigrated to Chile in the 1960s were former Nazis led by Paul Schäfer. Colonia Dignidad was a “Nazi stronghold protected by the Chilean government.”
885:
was present at the colony. The colony itself rejected the accusation when
Wiesenthal published it in 1997 in the Chilean press. The German government states that to this date, there is "no evidence to support or invalidate Wiesenthal's claim or the more general allegation that the Colonia Dignidad or
431:
However, Schäfer's propaganda efforts were again and again overshadowed by allegations of people escaping from the colony and obtaining asylum in
Germany. The earliest known example was Wolfgang Müller, who fled in 1966 and first exposed the atrocities that occurred within the colony. Müller obtained
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sent a team of coordinators to the colony whose task it was to make sure the inhabitants would be fully integrated into
Chilean society. Their main advice was to modernize the estate, so the inhabitants could gain their livelihood within the premises. One of the ideas was to turn the facilities into
963:
In 2010, Chilean authorities opened an investigation into the events occurring in the colony during the 1990s, resulting 19 months later in the
Supreme Court issuing a unanimous ruling to prosecute 16 Chilean and German members of the colony. On 28 January 2013, six former leaders of the colony were
517:, and Colonia Dignidad, including creation of bunkers, tunnels, a hospital, and runways for the decentralized production of armaments in modules (parts produced in one place, other parts in another). This subject was proactively hidden, because of the problems experienced at the time associated with
746:
peasant garb and sang German folk songs. Sex was banned, with some residents forced to take drugs to reduce their desires. Drugs were also administered as a form of sedation, mostly to young girls, but to males as well. Severe discipline in the forms of beatings and torture was commonplace: Schäfer
418:
Ewald Frank was a key figure in helping
Colonia establish its weapons factories by contracting with German arms producers to assist the colony in setting up their operations. Frank also played a role in assisting in the sale and transport of the materials and supplies for the operations in Colonia.
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officially acknowledged the responsibility of
Germany and the failure of the German foreign policy regarding the Colonia Dignidad and members of all the parties in the German parliament passed a resolution giving the government a year to come up with plans to investigate the history of the colony,
650:
In 1996, Schäfer fled child sex abuse charges in Chile, escaping arrest until 2005. The previous year, in his absence, a Chilean court had convicted him of child abuse, together with 26 other cult members. In 2006, he was sentenced to 20 years in prison. He died in prison of a heart ailment, on 24
599:
Schäfer, despite living in Chile for most of his adult life, spoke little Spanish, as only German was spoken inside the colony. He was described as having a very serious demeanor, and rarely smiled, but was considered to be quite charismatic nonetheless. He made great efforts to illustrate Colonia
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Before coming to Chile, Schäfer had attempted to start an orphanage in Germany, but two mothers living there accused him of molesting their children, so to escape judicial consequences, he fled to Chile. Schäfer arrived in Chile in 1961 with around 70 followers, and a number of kidnapped children.
439:
In 1967, Schäfer freed another inhabitant of the colony, Heinz Kuhn, who confirmed the allegations previously made by Müller, and provided more information on abuses. However, these first allegations were rejected by politicians and were emphatically denied due to their ties with the management of
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Some defectors from the colony have portrayed it as a cult in which the leader Paul Schäfer held the ultimate power. They claim that the residents were never allowed to leave the colony, and that they were strictly segregated by gender. Television, telephones and calendars were banned. Residents
427:
To the outside world, the colony portrayed itself as a prime example of German efficiency, cleanliness and communal work. The profitable agricultural production and an attached charity hospital helped preserve this image for a long time. The colony had its own press operations which recorded and
594:
The village had modern apartment complexes, two schools, a chapel, several meetinghouses, and a bakery that produced fresh cakes, breads, and cheeses. There were numerous animal stables, two landing strips, at least one airplane, a hydroelectric power station, and mills and factories of various
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from Germany, and was very excited when Branham made a personal visit to Germany in 1955. Schäfer and other members of his church served as William Branham's personal security detail on his 1955 European tour. One sermon during his visit to Karlsruhe, Germany, left a deep impression on Schäfer.
414:
during Branham's time in Germany. Schäfer may have been influenced to move to Chile by Branham's doomsday prophesies that predicted the imminent destruction of western democracies. Schäfer continued to promote Branham's teaching throughout his life, and many escapees and the current members of
406:
Working as an independent preacher, Schäfer formed a community in Gronau dedicated to working with children at risk. He quickly acquired great influence over his members, who had to perform hard farm work without pay. Shortly thereafter, stories reemerged relating to the earlier allegations of
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Prisoners being tortured in the tunnels under Colonia Dignidad were each interrogated to gain an understanding of their personality in order to gauge the appropriate torture technique. These techniques led to a number of afflictions lasting indeterminate periods of time. As many as 100 of the
595:
kinds, including a highly profitable gravel mill that supplied raw materials for numerous road-building projects throughout Chile. On the north side of the village was a hospital, where the Germans provided free care to thousands of patients in one of the country’s poorest areas.
628:
The colony had a school and hospital in the enclave which offered support to rural families through free education and health services. This would, ultimately, create support in case the colony was attacked. However, there are many cases uncovered in recent years that refer to
478:'s military dictatorship. Among these sources are spokesmen for the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, and the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances. The Rettig Commission ultimately based its conclusions on evidence that it examined directly.
428:
broadcast videos showing their happy residents amid celebrations and commemorations: men dedicated to farm work, women and girls embroidering or preparing butter. Diplomats at the German embassy ignored reports of the violence and crime and praised it as a “model colony”.
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When the transition of the colony first started, many of the former victims protested in front of the "Villa Baviera", attached photos of the murdered and disappeared on the fence and compared the use of the former torture site to "installing a McDonald's in Auschwitz".
794:
and Colonia Dignidad. Townley also revealed information about Colonia Dignidad and the army's Laboratory on Bacteriological Warfare. This last laboratory would have replaced the old DINA laboratory at Vía Naranja de Lo Curro hill, where Townley worked with the chemist
557:
remained unchanged. Allegations of abuses and humiliations that occurred inside the colony increased. National and international pressure intensified, but each time the police tried to conduct an investigation at the site they were greeted with a wall of silence.
493:
committed under Schäfer's supervision in collaboration with Pinochet. In the late 1970s, Pinochet allegedly ordered for the mass graves containing hundreds of murdered detainees to be unearthed and for the bodies to be either thrown into the sea or burned.
775:, some as many as forty years old but with evidence of recent maintenance. This cache was described as the largest arsenal ever found in private hands in Chile. The second cache, outside a restaurant operated by the colony, included rocket launchers and
933:
investigations. The presence of Colonia Dignidad had an effect on the general political opinion of the surrounding areas, and the government as well because of this, considering the political ties between Colonia Dignidad and the Chilean government.
419:
When investigations were launched into Colonia in later years, many members of the colony fled back to Germany where they found refuge with Frank. Schäfer maintained connections to Branham until the time of his death in a car accident in 1965.
604:
system, where in addition to minimal contact with the outside, Schäfer ordered the division of families (parents did not talk to their children, or did not know their siblings). It prohibited all kinds of relations, sentimental or
959:
At the time that Hopp fled Chile, 10 other cult members were out on bail awaiting trial on various charges. Fearing that they would also flee the country, their bail was immediately revoked and they were taken into custody.
728:
years, citing evidence from declassified US files. In 2016, the case was closed and the men were freed when a judge ruled that Weisfeiler had indeed been abducted, but that it was only a common crime, long past the
695:
were held at Colonia Dignidad, and that some of the colony's residents actively helped the DINA torture some of the captives. Colonia Dignidad's involvement came to light as early as an October 1976 report from the
465:
Before officially moving his organization to Chile, Paul Schäfer requested that the Chilean government exempt him from paying taxes and grant him asylum as long as he helped with gaining political intelligence. The
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The following citations are presented in inverse date order, newest published to oldest. They are offered for improvement of the article, and to allow readers further information on the subject.
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in order to deliver on the promise of free education. Locals around the colony generally knew Colonia Dignidad to be made up of hygienic, hard-working individuals who led a very structured life.
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1562:
609:, among adult women and men, and segregated the living quarters of each sex. Schäfer sexually abused children and some were tortured, as is clear from the statements of the German Dr.
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authorities remained powerful and also had allies in the army and among the Chilean far right, who would warn them in advance when the police were preparing to visit the site.
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Another DINA detention center described in the document, in which it is alleged that experiments in torture are carried out, is Colonia Dignidad, near the town of Parral…
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343:
in 1996 to escape child molestation charges in Chile, control over residents loosened. Residents of the colony are now free to leave, and the site is open for tourism.
929:
had the job of demonstrating Nazi torture methods to the secret police of Chile. Many of Schäfer's followers who had Nazi pasts joined him to escape post-World War II
2146:
716:
There are more than 1,100 desaparecidos (disappeared people) in Chile, some taken to the Colony where they were tortured and killed. One of them is a U.S. citizen,
1282:
2001:
2201:
379:"). At its largest, Colonia Dignidad was home to some three hundred German and Chilean residents, and covered 137 square kilometers (53 sq mi).
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In 1991, the name of the settlement was changed to "Villa Baviera". Residents of the colony are now allowed free ingress and egress, and some study at
688:
610:
317:
1400:
799:. Townley also gave proof of biological experiments, related to the two aforementioned laboratories, on political prisoners at Colonia Dignidad.
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Slowly, Chilean public awareness began to change, creating a growing feeling of resentment towards the place, which many began to perceive as an
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490:
460:
239:
132:
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In 2004, a Chilean court convicted Schäfer and 26 other cult members of child abuse. In 2006, Schäfer was sentenced to 20 years in prison.
2670:"Tales of torture: A former member of Chile's national intelligence agency describes some of the methods used against political prisoners"
2473:"Schäfer's former henchman speaks for the first time: asks for his share after a millionaire agreement between Villa Baviera and the CDE"
1563:"Schäfer's former henchman speaks for the first time: asks for his share after a millionaire agreement between Villa Baviera and the CDE"
407:
pedophilia against him. As a result, in 1961, Schäfer organized the emigration of several hundred members of their community to Chile.
243:
1308:
89:
651:
April 2010, at the age of 88. At the time of his death, he was still under investigation for the 1985 disappearance of mathematician
2264:
Valades, Adriana; Garza Elizondo, Humberto (Summer 1992). "Las Relaciones Políticas y Culturales Entre Alemania y América Latina".
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in structure, and highly restrictive in terms of interaction between genders and in expression of sexuality, with a reportedly
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2525:
2500:
791:
692:
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between Chile and Argentina. The hospital at Colonia Dignidad also served as a laboratory for the manufacture of weaponized
470:
noted a wealth of information supporting the accusations of the use of the land owned by Colonia Dignidad for detention and
325:
30:
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2934:
441:
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1937:
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136:
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as well. Several members of Colonia's leadership of the time, including Schäfer, were participants in the atrocities.
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sentenced to prison, while the remaining 10 were found guilty of lesser crimes and given probationary sentences.
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during his rule were held as prisoners at Colonia Dignidad, most of whom were subjected to torture, and often to
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2011:
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436:. He eventually became the president of a foundation dedicated to the support of Schäfer's victims in Chile.
308:, and was later reported to contain secret weapon caches. External investigations, including efforts by the
2954:
432:
German citizenship and worked for a newspaper, soon becoming an activist in Germany against the leaders of
82:
952:
Hopp and other alleged accomplices in Schäfer's crimes who were charged and awaiting trial took refuge in
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or as a group of "harmless eccentrics". The organization was secretive, and the Colonia was surrounded by
866:
529:
Because of Colonia Dignidad's close association with the Chilean military and strategic proximity to the
507:
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882:
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report, "Disappeared Prisoners in Chile", with the latter report describing the evidence in this way:
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2438:
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caches in or around the colony. The first, within the colony itself, included three containers with
671:
1783:"Colonia Dignidad: los políticos de derecha y amigos del enclave que Paul Schäfer mandó a fichar"
786:, then living in the United States under a witness-protection program, acknowledged to agents of
663:
329:
1878:
1401:"What happened in Colonia? Inside the terrifying Nazi cult that inspired Emma Watson's new film"
2369:
1701:
1067:
730:
486:
371:, about 35 km southeast of the town of Parral. The full name of the colony from the 1950s was
368:
1969:
1822:
701:
1198:. Peace Psychology Book Series. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 223–236.
914:
614:
1965:
8:
2696:
2571:
1942:
1405:
1191:
1075:
1045:
288:, arrived in the colony in 1961. Schäfer was a fugitive, accused of child molestation in
2764:
2624:
2553:
2341:
2313:
2088:
2060:
1369:
2495:
2006:
1277:
1094:
878:
451:, Germany, that German citizens were forced to live in the enclave against their will.
313:
309:
2247:
2002:"Human Rights & Law News: "Colonia Dignidad Cult's Second-In-Command Flees Chile""
1718:
796:
257:
Schäfer and members of the colony were deeply religious and followed the teachings of
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2823:
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1207:
1032:
587:
566:
481:
In these underground prisons, the captives were tortured in numerous ways, including
467:
447:
In 1988, Georg and Lotti Packmor escaped and testified in a parliamentary hearing in
387:
The first inhabitants of Colonia Dignidad arrived in 1961, brought by German citizen
360:
2491:"Chile Abroad: Colonia Dignidad victims file US $ 120 million lawsuit against Chile"
2374:
1713:
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902:
898:
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717:
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The grave where the bodies of murdered detainees were buried and later exhumed from
652:
475:
247:
210:
2784:
2744:
2285:"Sektenarzt aus Krefeld: Hopp könnte laut Regierung Täter und Opfer zugleich sein"
1847:
1024:, something that has been the subject of controversy from human rights activists.
29:
Sect's operation space, with overlapping use as concentration and torture camp by
2289:
1203:
783:
764:
534:
514:
399:
258:
235:
1080:
388:
285:
251:
157:
2989:
2974:
1914:
1337:"Excavations at Chile torture site offer new hope for relatives of disappeared"
1313:
1087:
1059:
1051:
697:
630:
542:
276:
1091:, Chilean animated film about a young woman who escaped from Colonia Dignidad.
1008:
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2123:
1098:
922:
874:
601:
364:
270:
147:
104:
91:
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1079:, Chilean-German thriller television series about the investigation against
894:
713:
citizens taken to Colonia Dignidad by the DINA were murdered at the colony.
1883:
1341:
946:
910:
890:
655:, an American citizen who went missing while hiking near Colonia Dignidad.
352:
289:
231:
2691:
Ratline: Soviet Spies, Nazi Priests, and the Disappearance of Adolf Hitler
633:
of children from families residing in the surrounding areas by the German
2890:
2886:
953:
760:
511:
503:
411:
305:
297:
262:
2805:
The Pinochet File: A Declassified Dossier on Atrocity and Accountability
1192:"Colonia Dignidad: Lights and Shadows in the Recognition of the Victims"
984:
533:, the Colonia served as a base for the Chilean military during the 1978
1017:
992:
889:
The Nazi underground in South America was established some time before
772:
482:
301:
2820:
Colonia Dignidad. Ein Reporter auf den Spuren eines deutschen Skandals
2446:"Insight: German sect victims seek escape from Chilean nightmare past"
2147:"Policía civil encontró dos depósitos de armas en ex Colonia Dignidad"
1668:"Insight: German sect victims seek escape from Chilean nightmare past"
1529:"Insight: German sect victims seek escape from Chilean nightmare past"
1236:"Insight: German sect victims seek escape from Chilean nightmare past"
1147:"Insight: German sect victims seek escape from Chilean nightmare past"
1097:, similar expatriate German settlement in Brazil with reputed ties to
1000:
553:
Chile turned to democracy in 1990 after 17 years of dictatorship, but
292:. The organization he led in Chile was described, alternatively, as a
1768:
Colonia Dignidad: Eine deutsche Sekte in Chile (TV Mini Series). 2021
968:
930:
634:
618:
518:
392:
340:
312:, uncovered a history of criminal activity in the enclave, including
16:
Secretive colony founded by Germans in Chile, formerly torture center
2845:. See also 2nd ed., 2002, Continuum International Publishing Group.
1580:(in Spanish). PENGUIN RANDOM HOUSE GRUPO EDITORIAL. pp. 57–59.
506:
has suggested that there was some degree of cooperation between the
250:
in the 1970s while under the leadership of German emigrant preacher
2807:, Boris Weisfeiler, pp. 7 e.a. New York: The New Press, 2003,
2716:
Lederhosen, Dutt und Giftgas: Die Hintergründe der Colonia Dignidad
2526:"Colonia Dignidad survivors demand German action – DW – 06/13/2018"
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2318:
2093:
2065:
1852:
1374:
1036:
a "wellness-farm with hot springs and organic yoghurt production".
973:
787:
725:
622:
606:
497:
321:
266:
265:; at various periods it also was home to a school, a hospital, two
254:. Colonia Dignidad has been described as a "state within a state".
2835:
Unholy Alliance: History of the Nazi Involvement With the Occult,
2701:
Geboren im Schatten der Angst, Ich überlebte die Colonia Dignidad
2449:
2398:"Colonia Dignidad Remains a Dark Chapter of German Legal History"
2035:"Professor Boris Weisfeiler Has Been Missing in Chile since 1985"
1981:
Another DINA detention center described in the same document, ...
1532:
1239:
1150:
1021:
926:
776:
743:
684:
570:
471:
1605:(in Spanish). PENGUIN RANDOM HOUSE GRUPO EDITORIAL. p. 53.
1506:(in Spanish). PENGUIN RANDOM HOUSE GRUPO EDITORIAL. p. 53.
1456:(in Spanish). PENGUIN RANDOM HOUSE GRUPO EDITORIAL. p. 11.
886:
its legal successors was a place of refuge for Nazi criminals.
410:"Strong ties were forged" between Schäfer, William Branham, and
38:
2554:"Colonia Dignidad: Germany to compensate Chile commune victims"
2034:
1481:(in Spanish). PENGUIN RANDOM HOUSE GRUPO EDITORIAL. p. 8.
1431:(in Spanish). PENGUIN RANDOM HOUSE GRUPO EDITORIAL. p. 8.
906:
756:
583:
2914:
755:
In June and July 2005, Chilean police found two large illegal
320:
indicate that a small set of the many individuals abducted by
230:('Dignity Colony') was an isolated colony established in post-
2202:"Michael Townley fue interrogado por muerte de Frei Montalva"
1194:. In Elizabeth Lira; Marcela Cornejo; Germán Morales (eds.).
700:
Ad Hoc Working Group on Chile, as referenced in a March 1977
538:
356:
221:
Das Blendwerk: Von der "Colonia Dignidad" zur "Villa Baviera"
1938:"Paul Schaefer, 89, ex-Nazi preacher jailed for abuse, dies"
1818:
Unholy Alliance: A History of Nazi Involvement in the Occult
1071:, whose second season involves past Colonia Dignidad crimes.
415:
Colonia are still affiliated with the teachings of Branham.
2314:"German court asked to jail Chile sect doctor Hartmut Hopp"
1120:"Villa Baviera, da colonia nazista a villaggio per turisti"
448:
293:
683:, from 1973 to 1990, Colonia Dignidad served as a special
194:
1973–1985 (as concentration camp of Pinochet's dissidents)
2765:"BBC NEWS - Americas - Chile officials take over colony"
2745:"BBC NEWS - Americas - German held over 'Chile torture'"
2342:"Colonia Dignidad: Germany drops probe into sect doctor"
782:
In January 2005, former Chilean secret police operative
2897:, Pantheon 1980, Planeta 1990 (sobre el caso Letelier).
2785:"BBC NEWS - Americas - Fugitive Chile cult leader held"
2089:"Missing in Chile: What happened to Boris Weisfeiler?"
976:, and offer assistance to victims and family members.
905:
took power. It was suggested that part of the intense
2858:
Colonia Dignidad. Von der Psychosekte zum Folterlager
2703:. München: Herbig Verlagsbuchhandlung, 2007, 238 S.,
2263:
2061:"Judge in Chile orders arrests over missing US hiker"
881:
doctor, known as the "Angel of Death" for his lethal
833:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
691:
concluded that a number of people apprehended by the
261:. The main legal economic activity of the colony was
1309:"Villa Baviera: Chile's Torture Colony Tourist Trap"
2822:. Frankfurt/New York: Campus-Verlag, 1998, 213 S.,
2421:
2402:
European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights
1910:"German Cult Leader in Chile Gets 20-Year Sentence"
335:In 1991, the name of the settlement was changed to
2470:
1560:
897:provided shelter to some escaped Nazi criminals.
422:
2921:
2424:"Krefeld and its connection to Colonia Dignidad"
2032:
1055:, a 2015 film set primarily in Colonia Dignidad.
689:National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation
576:
498:Claims of German Intelligence Service assistance
444:, as demonstrated later in Chilean court cases.
318:National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation
2175:"Chile discovers weapons cache on cult grounds"
1903:
1901:
2915:Official site of current Villa Baviera colony.
2875:. Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt, 1988. 173 S.,
2873:Colonia Dignidad: ein deutsches Lager in Chile
2657:." UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 2014.
2622:
1999:
1872:
1870:
1748:. New York: The New Press. 2004. p. 129.
1526:
1233:
1144:
375:("Charitable and Educational Society 'Dignity'
284:Colonia Dignidad's longest continuous leader,
2686:. The relevance of this article us uncertain.
2672:. AlJazeera. 15 December 2013. Archived from
2655:Hopes and Horror. A German community in Chile
2339:
2311:
2245:
2199:
2144:
2058:
1600:
1575:
1545:
1501:
1476:
1451:
1426:
1166:"Siege may force colony to yield its secrets"
917:in Chile can be attributed to Nazi presence.
240:internment, torture, and murder of dissidents
1898:
1270:
1189:
1020:. As of 2019 Villa Baviera is operated as a
2548:
2546:
2367:
1867:
1394:
1392:
461:Human rights violations in Pinochet's Chile
398:Schäfer had been following the ministry of
373:Sociedad Benefactora y Educacional Dignidad
367:, in a rural area on the north bank of the
2484:
2482:
2122:(in Spanish). 16 June 2005. Archived from
1363:
1361:
1359:
2860:. Stuttgart: Schmetterling Verlag, 1993,
2718:. Stuttgart: Schmetterling Verlag, 2005.
1957:
1780:
1717:
1699:
1398:
1334:
1273:"The Colony: Chile's dark past uncovered"
853:Learn how and when to remove this message
720:, a Soviet-born mathematics professor at
2543:
2116:"Arsenal encontrado en Colonia Dignidad"
1845:
1638:
1389:
1367:
1196:Human Rights Violations in Latin America
1007:
999:
991:
983:
829:Relevant discussion may be found on the
670:
662:
548:
454:
275:
61:
2488:
2479:
2422:Dannemann, Victoria (26 October 2018).
2282:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1876:
1814:
1356:
1163:
1117:
733:, instead of a human rights violation.
440:the Colony in their preparation of the
2922:
2000:Reynoso-Palley, Amanda (25 May 2011).
1907:
1370:"Secrets of ex-Nazi's Chilean fiefdom"
359:, Colonia Dignidad was located in the
192:1961–2007 (as sect's operation place)
2584:
2520:
2518:
1935:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1776:
1774:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
750:
658:
541:as part of the Pinochet government's
280:Protesters asking for justice in 2015
2970:Populated places in Linares Province
2965:Populated places established in 1961
2086:
1986:
1963:
1879:"Fugitive Nazi cult leader arrested"
1639:Falconer, Bruce (1 September 2008).
1306:
1302:
1300:
1253:
1251:
1249:
979:
937:
806:
679:During the military dictatorship of
43:Hotel Villa Baviera in February 2014
2689:Levenda, Peter (Kindle ed., 2012).
2033:Weisfeiler, Olga; Weisfeiler, Lev.
1846:Porteous, Clinton (11 March 2005).
1546:Collins, John (23 September 2016).
1118:de Sena, Donato (8 December 2010).
1063:, season 2 episode 8 "Nazi Colony".
442:military coup of September 11, 1973
133:Internment and murder of dissidents
13:
2644:
2515:
2489:Roberts, Laina (29 January 2013).
2471:Basualto, Rebecca (9 March 2009).
2246:Der Bundestag (13 December 2001).
1970:Amnesty International Publications
1801:
1771:
1702:"Sobre la presencia nazi en Chile"
1686:
1619:
1561:Basualto, Rebecca (9 March 2009).
1164:Rotella, Sebatian (25 June 1997).
326:Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional
69:Location of Colonia Dignidad (now
14:
3001:
2908:
2728:Vedder, Efrain & Lenz, Ingo.
2585:Zuber, Helene (16 October 2005).
2283:Stirken, Norbert (27 July 2016).
1848:"Fugitive Chile cult leader held"
1733:A Sinister Sect: Colonia Dignidad
1368:Branford, Becky (11 March 2005).
1335:Oppenheim, Marella (2 May 2018).
1297:
1271:Staff writer (15 December 2013).
1246:
901:in South America decreased until
2059:Staff writers (22 August 2012).
1966:"Disappeared Prisoners in Chile"
1601:Basso, Carlos (4 October 2022).
1576:Basso, Carlos (4 October 2022).
1548:"Colonia Dignidad and Jonestown"
1502:Basso, Carlos (4 October 2022).
1477:Basso, Carlos (4 October 2022).
1452:Basso, Carlos (4 October 2022).
1427:Basso, Carlos (4 October 2022).
1307:Reel, Monte (27 February 2013).
811:
351:Located in a remote area in the
137:Pinochet's military dictatorship
60:
53:
37:
2629:. New York, NY: Stein and Day.
2616:
2578:
2564:
2464:
2415:
2390:
2368:Ute Löhning (14 January 2020).
2361:
2333:
2305:
2276:
2272:(4): 455–466 – via JSTOR.
2257:
2239:
2226:
2200:Staff writers (30 March 2005).
2193:
2167:
2138:
2108:
2080:
2052:
2026:
1929:
1877:Harding, Luke (12 March 2005).
1839:
1762:
1738:
1726:
1700:Cassigoli, Rossana (May 2013).
1660:
1594:
1569:
1554:
1539:
1520:
1495:
1470:
1445:
1420:
1399:Hannaford, Alex (3 July 2016).
736:
645:
621:that her boss had claimed were
238:which became notorious for the
2902:El secreto de Colonia Dignidad
2693:. Ibis Press. ASIN B0081HDYQ6.
2145:Staff writers (14 June 2005).
2087:Long, Gideon (10 April 2016).
1964:Amnesty Staff (1 March 1977).
1781:Mostrador, El (12 June 2014).
1328:
1264:
1227:
1183:
1157:
1138:
1111:
667:Families of disappeared people
474:of political detainees during
423:Allegations against the colony
391:. Born in 1921 in the town of
1:
2312:Staff writers (8 June 2016).
1936:Brown, Emma (25 April 2010).
1719:10.1016/S0186-6028(13)70994-0
1550:. San Diego State University.
1527:Brown, Stephen (7 May 2012).
1234:Brown, Stephen (7 May 2012).
1190:Hevia Jordán, Evelyn (2022).
1145:Brown, Stephen (7 May 2012).
1104:
883:experiments on human subjects
722:Pennsylvania State University
640:
577:Life under Schäfer leadership
2985:Human rights abuses in Chile
2587:""Was soll aus uns werden?""
2370:"Zeugen wurden nicht gehört"
2340:Staff writers (8 May 2019).
2210:(in Spanish). Archived from
1908:Conway, Jane (25 May 2006).
1204:10.1007/978-3-030-97542-5_16
802:
524:
7:
2940:Far-right politics in Chile
2935:Child sexual abuse in Chile
1039:
867:Central Intelligence Agency
508:German Intelligence Service
346:
10:
3006:
2732:. Berlin: Ullstein, 2005,
967:In March 2017, the German
771:, and large quantities of
613:, who admitted the use of
458:
382:
2945:Internment camps in Chile
687:center. In 1991, Chile's
217:
206:
198:
188:
180:
172:
164:
153:
142:
128:
120:
81:
48:
36:
28:
23:
2714:Heller, Friedrich Paul.
339:. After Schäfer fled to
2895:Asesinato en Washington
2856:Friedrich Paul Heller.
2833:Levenda, Peter (1995).
2623:Infield, Glenn (1981).
1815:Levenda, Peter (2002).
491:human rights violations
330:extrajudicial execution
316:. Reports from Chile's
2950:Nazis in South America
2837:1st edn., Avon Books.
2179:The New Zealand Herald
1013:
1005:
997:
989:
921:Former members of the
731:statute of limitations
710:
676:
668:
597:
531:Argentina–Chile border
281:
269:, a restaurant, and a
1031:In October 2005, the
1011:
1003:
995:
987:
706:
702:Amnesty International
674:
666:
592:
549:Democratic transition
455:Secret detention camp
279:
244:military dictatorship
105:36.38694°S 71.58806°W
2248:"Drucksache 14/7867"
2126:on 12 September 2009
1646:The American Scholar
1641:"The Torture Colony"
877:, the infamous Nazi
822:factual accuracy is
790:Chile links between
615:electroshock therapy
483:mutilation from dogs
110:-36.38694; -71.58806
2955:Neo-Nazism in Chile
2697:Klaus Schnellenkamp
2676:on 25 February 2016
2653:Douglas, Marcela. "
2575:(documentary), 2020
2572:Songs of Repression
1943:The Washington Post
1823:Bloomsbury Academic
1406:The Daily Telegraph
1285:on 24 February 2016
1046:Klaus Schnellenkamp
369:Perquilauquén River
300:fences, featured a
146:35 km east of
101: /
2751:. 27 December 2005
2496:The Santiago Times
2266:Foro Internacional
2007:The Santiago Times
1033:Chilean government
1014:
1006:
998:
990:
879:concentration camp
751:Weapons violations
677:
669:
659:Torture and murder
314:child sexual abuse
310:Chilean government
282:
2803:Peter Kornbluth,
2626:Secrets of the SS
2207:Radio Cooperativa
2152:Radio Cooperativa
1603:La Secta Perfecta
1578:La Secta Perfecta
1504:La Secta Perfecta
1479:La Secta Perfecta
1454:La Secta Perfecta
1429:La Secta Perfecta
1259:Secrets of the SS
1170:Los Angeles Times
980:Villa Baviera era
938:Legal proceedings
863:
862:
855:
631:illegal adoptions
567:independent state
468:Rettig Commission
225:
224:
2997:
2980:Torture in Chile
2960:Operation Condor
2930:Colonia Dignidad
2800:
2798:
2796:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2771:. 27 August 2005
2760:
2758:
2756:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2640:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2582:
2576:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2550:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2522:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2499:. Archived from
2486:
2477:
2476:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2375:Die Tageszeitung
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2243:
2237:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2010:. Archived from
1997:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1905:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1874:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1812:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1778:
1769:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1746:The Condor Years
1742:
1736:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1706:Acta Sociológica
1697:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1636:
1617:
1616:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1396:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1365:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1304:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1281:. Archived from
1268:
1262:
1257:Infield, Glenn,
1255:
1244:
1243:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1115:
871:Simon Wiesenthal
858:
851:
847:
844:
838:
835:reliably sourced
815:
814:
807:
769:rocket launchers
765:automatic rifles
718:Boris Weisfeiler
681:Augusto Pinochet
653:Boris Weisfeiler
588:aging population
560:Colonia Dignidad
555:Colonia Dignidad
434:Colonia Dignidad
378:
248:Augusto Pinochet
236:emigrant Germans
228:Colonia Dignidad
211:Boris Weisfeiler
116:
115:
113:
112:
111:
106:
102:
99:
98:
97:
94:
64:
63:
57:
41:
24:Colonia Dignidad
21:
20:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2920:
2919:
2911:
2871:Gero Gemballa.
2818:Gero Gemballa:
2794:
2792:
2791:. 11 March 2005
2783:
2774:
2772:
2763:
2754:
2752:
2743:
2679:
2677:
2668:
2647:
2645:Further reading
2637:
2619:
2614:
2613:
2603:
2601:
2583:
2579:
2569:
2565:
2552:
2551:
2544:
2534:
2532:
2524:
2523:
2516:
2506:
2504:
2503:on 2 April 2015
2487:
2480:
2469:
2465:
2455:
2453:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2427:
2420:
2416:
2406:
2404:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2381:
2379:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2338:
2334:
2324:
2322:
2310:
2306:
2296:
2294:
2290:Rheinische Post
2281:
2277:
2262:
2258:
2250:
2244:
2240:
2231:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2214:on 29 July 2012
2198:
2194:
2184:
2182:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2158:
2156:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2057:
2053:
2043:
2041:
2031:
2027:
2017:
2015:
2014:on 2 April 2015
1998:
1987:
1974:
1972:
1962:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1934:
1930:
1920:
1918:
1906:
1899:
1889:
1887:
1875:
1868:
1858:
1856:
1844:
1840:
1833:
1813:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1779:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1756:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1731:
1727:
1698:
1687:
1677:
1675:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1651:
1649:
1637:
1620:
1613:
1599:
1595:
1588:
1574:
1570:
1559:
1555:
1544:
1540:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1500:
1496:
1489:
1475:
1471:
1464:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1425:
1421:
1411:
1409:
1397:
1390:
1380:
1378:
1366:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1333:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1305:
1298:
1288:
1286:
1269:
1265:
1261:, 1981, p. 206.
1256:
1247:
1232:
1228:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1188:
1184:
1174:
1172:
1162:
1158:
1143:
1139:
1129:
1127:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1042:
982:
945:In early 2011,
940:
859:
848:
842:
839:
828:
820:This section's
816:
812:
805:
797:Eugenio Berríos
784:Michael Townley
753:
742:worked wearing
739:
661:
648:
643:
579:
551:
535:Beagle conflict
527:
515:Gerhard Mertins
500:
487:electric shocks
463:
457:
425:
400:William Branham
385:
376:
349:
259:William Branham
207:Notable inmates
193:
109:
107:
103:
100:
95:
92:
90:
88:
87:
77:
76:
75:
74:
67:
66:
65:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3003:
2993:
2992:
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2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2918:
2917:
2910:
2909:External links
2907:
2906:
2905:
2900:Álvaro Rojas.
2898:
2884:
2869:
2854:
2831:
2816:
2801:
2781:
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2741:
2726:
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2635:
2618:
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2611:
2577:
2563:
2560:. 18 May 2019.
2542:
2514:
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2463:
2437:
2414:
2389:
2360:
2332:
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2275:
2256:
2238:
2225:
2192:
2181:. 16 June 2005
2166:
2137:
2107:
2079:
2051:
2039:weisfeiler.com
2025:
1985:
1956:
1928:
1915:Deutsche Welle
1897:
1866:
1838:
1831:
1800:
1770:
1761:
1754:
1737:
1725:
1708:(in Spanish).
1685:
1659:
1618:
1611:
1593:
1586:
1568:
1553:
1538:
1519:
1512:
1494:
1487:
1469:
1462:
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1437:
1419:
1388:
1355:
1327:
1314:Bloomberg News
1296:
1263:
1245:
1226:
1212:
1182:
1156:
1137:
1124:Giornalettismo
1109:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1092:
1088:The Wolf House
1084:
1072:
1064:
1060:Hunting Hitler
1056:
1048:
1041:
1038:
1022:tourist resort
981:
978:
939:
936:
861:
860:
819:
817:
810:
804:
801:
752:
749:
738:
735:
698:United Nations
660:
657:
647:
644:
642:
639:
611:Gisela Seewald
578:
575:
573:within Chile.
550:
547:
543:Project Andrea
526:
523:
499:
496:
456:
453:
424:
421:
384:
381:
348:
345:
223:
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34:
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25:
15:
9:
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3:
2:
3002:
2991:
2988:
2986:
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2978:
2976:
2973:
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2966:
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2814:
2813:9781595589958
2810:
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2790:
2786:
2782:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2730:Weg vom Leben
2727:
2725:
2724:3-89657-093-5
2721:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2709:9783776625059
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1787:El Mostrador
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158:Paul Schäfer
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2887:John Dinges
2591:Der Spiegel
2507:28 February
2407:5 September
2382:5 September
2378:(in German)
2353:5 September
2325:5 September
2297:5 September
2293:(in German)
2018:28 February
1949:7 September
1921:7 September
1712:: 157–177.
1320:5 September
954:Ewald Frank
873:claim that
512:arms dealer
504:John Dinges
502:Journalist
412:Ewald Frank
355:of central
298:barbed wire
263:agriculture
246:of General
242:during the
189:Operational
181:First built
165:Operated by
121:Other names
108: /
83:Coordinates
2924:Categories
2881:3499124157
2866:392636999X
2851:0826414095
2843:0380777223
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2680:24 January
2636:0812827902
2604:28 October
2535:28 October
2159:4 February
1859:4 February
1832:0826414095
1821:. London:
1678:28 October
1289:24 January
1278:Al Jazeera
1105:References
1068:The Tunnel
1018:university
1012:Restaurant
895:Juan Perón
773:ammunition
641:Atrocities
584:tyrannical
459:See also:
302:watchtower
173:Commandant
96:71°35′17″W
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2789:bbc.co.uk
2769:bbc.co.uk
2749:bbc.co.uk
2599:2195-1349
2430:30 August
2426:. DW News
2236:, p. 207.
2232:Infield,
969:Bundestag
931:war crime
843:July 2022
831:talk page
803:Nazi ties
635:hierarchy
619:sedatives
525:Army Base
519:Argentina
510:, German
393:Troisdorf
341:Argentina
267:airstrips
234:Chile by
213:(alleged)
129:Known for
2795:21 April
2775:21 April
2755:21 April
2558:BBC News
2475:. CIPER.
2347:BBC News
2319:BBC News
2218:21 April
2185:21 April
2094:BBC News
2072:21 April
2066:BBC News
2044:21 April
1975:21 April
1853:BBC News
1565:. CIPER.
1381:21 April
1375:BBC News
1040:See also
974:memorial
915:classism
903:Pinochet
824:disputed
788:Interpol
777:grenades
744:Bavarian
726:Pinochet
623:placebos
607:conjugal
569:, or an
476:Pinochet
347:Location
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154:Built by
143:Location
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1533:Reuters
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1076:Dignity
1052:Colonia
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685:torture
571:enclave
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199:Killed
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2990:Cults
2975:Sects
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539:sarin
357:Chile
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