Coins of the pound sterling

5962:"King Offa". As the legends became longer, words in the inscriptions were often abbreviated so that they could fit on the coin; identical legends have often been abbreviated in different ways depending upon the size and decoration of the coin. Inscriptions which go around the edge of the coin generally have started at the centre of the top edge and proceeded in a clockwise direction. A very lengthy legend would be continued on the reverse side of the coin. All monarchs used Latinised names, save Edward III and Edward VI, both Elizabeths, and Charles III (which would have been EDWARDUS, ELIZABETHA, and CAROLUS respectively). 1558: 1674:, called the omission "disappointing", and stated that he would be writing to the Queen to request that the Royal Standard be changed to include Wales. The Royal Mint stated that "the Shield of the Royal Arms is symbolic of the whole of the United Kingdom and as such, represents Wales, Scotland, England and Northern Ireland." Designer Dent stated "I am a Welshman and proud of it, but I never thought about the fact we did not have a dragon or another representation of Wales on the design because as far as I am concerned Wales is represented on the Royal Arms. This was never an issue for me." 7020: 5668: 5604:: e.g. "twenty-three pee" or, in the early years, "two-and-a-half pee" rather than the previous "tuppence-ha'penny". Amounts over a pound are normally spoken thus: "five pounds forty". A value with less than ten pence over the pound is sometimes spoken like this: "one pound and a penny", "three pounds and fourpence". The slang term "bit" has almost disappeared from use completely, although in Scotland a fifty pence is sometimes referred to as a "ten bob bit". Decimal denomination coins are generally described using the terms 5767: 5648: 5827: 5782: 5812: 5737: 5707: 5397: 7034: 2178: 2700: 5752: 5896: 5842: 10537: 5946: 5881: 7006: 5722: 6912: 2708: 2716: 2570: 5863: 5663: 10547: 5797: 5683: 1170:) has been divided into 100 pence. (Prior to decimalisation the pound was divided into 20 shillings, each of 12 pence; thus, there were 240 pence to the pound.) The pound remained as Britain's currency unit after decimalisation (unlike in many other British commonwealth countries, which dropped the pound upon decimalisation by introducing dollars or new units worth 10 shillings or 1029:– an ancient technique in which two dies are struck together with a blank coin between them. This was the traditional method of manufacturing coins in the Western world from the classical Greek era onwards, in contrast with Asia, where coins were traditionally cast. Milled (that is, machine-made) coins were produced first during the reign of 1707:

commissioned by the Royal Mint found no increased discharge of nickel from the coins when immersed in artificial sweat. However, an independent study found that the friction from handling results in four times as much nickel exposure as from the older-style coins. Sweden already plans to desist from using nickel in coins from 2015.

1640:). The orientation of both sides of the 50p coin has been rotated through 180 degrees, meaning the bottom of the coin is now a corner rather than a flat edge. The numerals showing the decimal value of each coin, previously present on all coins except the £1 and £2, have been removed, leaving the values spelled out in words only. 5916:

and the Stuarts up to and including Charles II, both left- and right-facing portrait images were minted within the reign of a single monarch (left-facing images were more common), together with equestrian portraits on certain coins and (earlier) full face portrait images. In the Middle Ages, portrait

694:

An extensive coinage redesign was commissioned by the Royal Mint in 2005, and new designs were gradually introduced into the circulating British coinage from summer 2008. Except for the £1 coin, the pre-2008 coins remain legal tender and are expected to stay in circulation for the foreseeable future.

1710:

In 2016, the £1 coin's composition was changed from a single-metal round shape to a 12-sided bi-metal design, with a slightly larger diameter, and with multiple past designs discontinued in favor of a single, unchanging design. Production of the new coins started in 2016, with the first, dated 2016,

1706:

As of 2012, 5p and 10p coins have been issued in nickel-plated steel, and much of the remaining cupronickel types withdrawn, in order to retrieve more expensive metals. The new coins are 11% thicker to maintain the same weight. There are heightened nickel allergy concerns over the new coins. Studies

1755:

facing left on the obverse, with a small Tudor Crown privy mark behind the Kings’ neck. The reverses are divided vertically, the leftmost third comprising a background of three interlocking “C”s, reminiscent of the interlocking C’s on the coins of King Charles II, and a large number indicating the

1573:

In 2008, UK coins underwent an extensive redesign which eventually changed the reverse designs of all coins, the first wholesale change to British coinage since the first decimal coins were introduced in April 1968. The major design feature was the introduction of a reverse design shared across six

2156:

Prior to 1997, the two pound coin was minted in commemorative issues only – in 1986, 1989, 1994, 1995 and 1996. Commemorative £2 coins have been regularly issued since 1999, alongside the standard-issue bi-metallic coins which were introduced in 1997. One or two designs have been minted each year,

1443:

In 1992 the composition of the 1p and 2p coins was changed from bronze to copper-plated steel. Due to their high copper content (97%), the intrinsic value of pre-1992 1p and 2p coins increased with the surge in metal prices of the mid-2000s, until by 2006 the coins would, if melted down, have been

1104:

on 22 December 1717, forbidding the exchange of gold guineas for more than 21 silver shillings. Due to differing valuations in other European countries this unintentionally resulted in a silver shortage, as silver coins were used to pay for imports, while exports were paid for in gold, effectively

1021:

During the reign of Henry VIII, the silver content was gradually debased, reaching a low of one-third silver. However, in Edward VI's reign in 1551, this debased coinage was discontinued in favor of a return to sterling silver with the penny weighing 8 grains. The first crowns and half-crowns were

2589:

use the pound sterling as their currencies. However, they produce local issues of coinage in the same denominations and specifications, but with different designs. These circulate freely alongside UK coinage and English, Northern Irish, and Scottish banknotes within these territories, but must be

968:

standard of 92.5% silver and 7.5% copper. This was a harder-wearing alloy, yet it was still a rather high grade of silver. It went some way towards discouraging the practice of "clipping", though this practice was further discouraged and largely eliminated with the introduction of the milled edge

1623:

The original intention was to exclude both the £1 and £2 coins from the redesign because they were "relatively new additions" to the coinage, but it was later decided to include a £1 coin with a complete Royal Shield design from 2008 to 2016, and the 2015 redesign of the £2 coin occurred due to

1474:(£5) as the previous value was considered not sufficient for such a high-status coin. The size and weight of the coin remained exactly the same. Decimal crowns are generally not found in circulation as their market value is likely to be higher than their face value, but they remain legal tender. 2411:

is a ceremonial coinage traditionally given to the poor, and nowadays awarded annually to deserving senior citizens. There are Maundy coins in denominations of one, two, three and four pence. They bear dates from 1822 to the present and are minted in very small quantities. Though they are legal

1458:

in, and dated, 1997). There had previously been unimetallic commemorative £2 coins which did not normally circulate. This tendency to use the two pound coin for commemorative issues has continued since the introduction of the bimetallic coin, and a few of the older unimetallic coins have since

687:

Coins from the British dependencies and territories that use sterling as their currency are sometimes found in change in other jurisdictions. Strictly, they are not legal tender in the United Kingdom; however, since they have the same specifications as UK coins, they are sometimes tolerated in

29: 5936:

came to the throne, he had his coins struck with him facing the left, as if Edward VIII's coins had faced right (as they should have done according to tradition). Thus, in a timeline of circulating British coins, George V and VI's coins both feature left-facing portraits, although they follow

2399:

to clarify the legal tender status of these silver coins as well as the cupronickel £5 coin. Legal tender has a very narrow legal meaning, related to paying into a court to satisfy a debt, and nobody is obliged to accept any particular form of payment (whether legal tender or not), including

1631:

On all coins, the beading (ring of small dots) around the edge of the obverses has been removed. The obverse of the 20p coin has also been amended to incorporate the year, which had been on the reverse of the coin since its introduction in 1982 (giving rise to an unusual issue of a

6978:

In 2016, a batch of double-dated £1 coins was released into circulation. These coins had the main date on the obverse as '2016', but micro-engraving on the reverse dated as '2017'. It is not known how many exist and are in circulation, but the amount is fewer than half a million.

2193:

Coins are sometimes issued as special collectible commemorative versions, sold at a value higher than their face value. They are usually legal tender, but worth only their face value to pay debts. For example, in 2023 a 50 pence piece was announced, the first coin depicting

6141:

James, King of Scotland, by succeeding to the English throne united the two kingdoms in his person; he dubbed the combination of the two kingdoms "Great Britain" (the name of the whole island) though they remained legislatively distinct for more than a century afterwards.

3327:

in this way ended in 1991 and 1993 when the 5p and 10p coins were replaced with smaller versions. Indeed, while pre-decimalisation shillings were used as 5p coins, for a while after decimalisation many people continued to call the new 5p coin a shilling, since it remained

3311:

The crown, half crown, florin, shilling, and sixpence were cupronickel coins (in historical times silver or silver alloy); the penny, halfpenny, and farthing were bronze; and the threepence was a twelve-sided nickel-brass coin (historically it was a small silver coin).

117:

are also produced. Some territories outside the United Kingdom, which use the pound sterling, produce their own coinage, with the same denominations and specifications as the UK coinage but with local designs that are not legal tender in the mainland United Kingdom.

661:. The same coinage is used across the United Kingdom: unlike banknotes, local issues of coins are not produced for different parts of the UK. The pound coin until 2016 was produced in regional designs, but these circulate equally in all parts of the UK (see 6552:

Some coins made for circulation in the British colonies are considered part of British coinage because they have no indication of what country it was minted for and they were made in the same style as contemporary coins circulating in the United Kingdom.

1643:

The redesign was the result of a competition launched by the Royal Mint in August 2005, which closed on 14 November 2005. The competition was open to the public and received over 4,000 entries. The winning entry was unveiled on 2 April 2008, designed by

5953:

From a very early date, British coins have been inscribed with the name of the ruler of the kingdom in which they were produced, and a longer or shorter title, always in Latin; among the earliest distinctive English coins are the silver pennies of

6727:

In addition to the title, a Latin or French motto might be included, generally on the reverse side of the coin. These varied between denominations and issues; some were personal to the monarch, others were more general. Some of the mottos were:

1435:

In the 1990s, the Royal Mint reduced the sizes of the 5p, 10p, and 50p coins. As a consequence, the oldest 5p coins in circulation date from 1990, the oldest 10p coins from 1992 and the oldest 50p coins come from 1997. Since 1997, many special

1148:

in 1947. It even persisted after decimalisation for those coins which had equivalents and continued to be minted with their values in new pence. The UK finally abandoned it in 1992 when smaller, more convenient, "silver" coins were introduced.

2412:

tender in the UK, they are rarely or never encountered in circulation. The pre-decimal Maundy pieces have the same legal tender status and value as post-decimal ones, and effectively increased in face value by 140% upon decimalisation. Their

683:

The 1p and 2p coins from 1971 are the oldest standard-issue coins still in circulation. Pre-decimal crowns are the oldest coins in general that are still legal tender, although they are in practice never encountered in general circulation.

1256:(10p) — were introduced in 1968 in the run-up to decimalisation in order to familiarise the public with the new system. These initially circulated alongside the pre-decimal coinage and had the same size and value as the existing 2676:— are pegged one-to-one to the pound sterling but are technically separate currencies. These territories issue their own coinage, again with the same denominations and specifications as the UK coinage but with local designs, as 2161:

in Manchester. As well as a distinct reverse design, these coins have an edge inscription relevant to the subject. The anniversary themes are continued until at least 2009, with two designs announced. For a complete list, see

2431:, formerly a circulating coin worth 20 shillings (or one pound) and with 0.23542 troy ounces (7.322 g) of fine gold, but now with a nominal value of one pound. The Royal Mint continues to produce sovereigns, as well as 2148:

anniversary). Commemorative designs of the smaller 50p coin have been issued (alongside the Britannia standard issue) in 1998 (two designs), 2000, and from 2003 to 2007 yearly (two designs in 2006). For a complete list, see

2641:. South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands produces occasional special collectors' sets of coins. In 2008, British Antarctic Territory issued a £2 coin commemorating the centenary of Britain's claim to the region. 7608: 1052:

to the extent that it was decided to recall and replace all hammered silver coinage in circulation. The exercise came close to disaster due to fraud and mismanagement, but was saved by the personal intervention of

9549: 8478: 8077: 2400:

commemorative coins. Royal Mint guidelines advise that, although these coins were approved as legal tender, they are considered limited edition collectables not intended for general circulation.

1041:, but there was initially opposition to mechanisation from the moneyers, who ensured that most coins continued to be produced by hammering. All British coins produced since 1662 have been milled. 5616:

All coins since the late 17th century have featured a profile of the current monarch's head. The direction in which they face changes with each successive monarch, a pattern that began with the

1685:

who designed the previous UK coins. She stated that the new designs were "totally unworkable as actual coins", due to the loss of a numerical currency identifier, and the smaller typeface used.

7654: 3338:

of a pound, but was now counted as 5p (five new pence) instead of 12d (twelve old pennies). The pre-decimalisation sixpence, also known as a sixpenny bit or sixpenny piece, was equivalent to

2205:

The following are special-issue commemorative coins, seldom encountered in normal circulation due to their precious metal content or collectible value, but are still considered legal tender.

10048: 5583:, was similarly appended to the other numbers up to twelve; thus "fourpence", "sixpence-three-farthings", "twelvepence-ha'penny", but "eighteen pence" would usually be said "one-and-six". 2169:

From 2018 to 2019 a series of 10p coins with 26 different designs was put in circulation "celebrating Great Britain with The Royal Mint's Quintessentially British A to Z series of coins".

1048:

or 480 grains of sterling silver be minted into 62 pennies (i.e. each penny weighed 7.742 grains). By 1696, the currency had been seriously weakened by an increase in clipping during the

636:

The specifications and dates of introduction of the 5p, 10p, and 50p coins refer to the current versions. These coins were originally issued in larger sizes in 1968 and 1969 respectively.

972:

The weight of a silver penny stayed constant at above 22 grains until 1344; afterwards its weight was reduced to 18 grains in 1351, to 15 grains in 1412, to 12 grains in 1464, and to 10

1582:

The 1p coin depicts the lower part of the first quarter and the upper part of the third quarter of the shield, showing the lions passant of England and the harp of Ireland respectively

1391:, is still issued in a small volume as of 2021). The designs on the £1 coin changed annually in a largely five-year cycle, until the introduction of the new 12-sided £1 coin in 2017. 1756:

value, countering criticism of the 2008 redesign’s lack of numeric values. The rightmost two-thirds of each design features an animal or plant representing each of the four nations:

2774:

coins were minted in the late 19th century, and into the early 20th century in the case of the third farthing, but circulated only in certain British colonies and not in the UK).

1594:

The 20p coin depicts the lower part of the second quarter and upper part of the fourth quarter, showing the lion rampant of Scotland and the lions passant of England respectively

8017: 1290:(2p) — were issued in 1971 at decimalisation. A quarter-penny coin, to be struck in aluminium, was proposed at the time decimalisation was being planned, but was never minted. 9554: 8055: 645:

This coin was originally issued in a smaller size in a single metal in 1986 for special issues only. It was redesigned as a bi-metallic issue for general circulation in 1997.

2739:

Before decimalisation in 1971, the pound was divided into 240 pence rather than 100, though it was rarely expressed in this way. Rather it was expressed in terms of pounds,

7605: 7507: 6986:

coins had entered circulation, the first undated British coin to enter circulation in more than 300 years. It resulted from the accidental combination of old and new face

1597:

The 50p coin depicts the point of the shield and the bottom portions of the second and third quarters showing the harp of Ireland and lions passant of England respectively

6321:

by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, of Brunswick and Lüneburg Duke, of the Holy Roman Empire Archtreasurer and Elector

6306:

by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, of Brunswick and Lüneburg Duke, of the Holy Roman Empire Archtreasurer and Elector

1751:

In October 2023 the Royal Mint announced new designs for the circulating coinage, which were to be released by the end of the year. The new designs feature a portrait of

10477: 9702: 1120:

The coinage reform of 1816 set up a weight/value ratio and physical sizes for silver coins. Each troy ounce of sterling silver was henceforth minted into 66 pence or 5

9298: 7882: 5589:

remains as popular slang for one or more pounds to this day in Britain in the form "a quid" and then "two quid", and so on. Similarly, in some parts of the country,

6314:

GEORGIUS III DEI GRATIA MAGNÆ BRITANNIÆ FRANCIÆ ET HIBERNIÆ REX FIDEI DEFENSOR BRUNSVICENSIS ET LUNEBURGENSIS DUX SACRI ROMANI IMPERII ARCHITHESAURARIUS ET ELECTOR

2112:† The specification refers to the round coin issued from 1983 to 2016. Although obsolete, this coin is still redeemable at banks and the British railway systems. 1600:

The round, nickel-brass £1 coin from 2008 to 2016 depicted the whole of the Royal Shield. From 2017 it was changed to a bimetallic 12-sided coin depicting a rose,

8470: 6897:. Refers to the inscribed edge as a protection against the clipping of precious metal, as well as being a complimentary reference to the monarch and the monarchy. 6299:

GEORGIUS II DEI GRATIA MAGNÆ BRITANNIÆ FRANCIÆ ET HIBERNIÆ REX FIDEI DEFENSOR BRUNSVICENSIS ET LUNEBURGENSIS DUX SACRI ROMANI IMPERII ARCHITHESAURARIUS ET ELECTOR

2395:

The prolific issuance since 2013 of silver commemorative £20, £50 and £100 coins at face value has led to attempts to spend or deposit these coins, prompting the

1578:. This was the first time a coin design had been featured across multiple coins in this way. To summarize the reverse design changes made in 2008 and afterwards: 10591: 10507: 10318: 9273: 9245: 7422: 7402: 7385: 885:("£", pound), the origin of the name of the current British currency. It referred to the literal weight of 240 penny coins, which at 30 grains each, weighed 1 8295: 6260:

GEORGIUS DEI GRATIA MAGNÆ BRITANNIÆ FRANCIÆ ET HIBERNIÆ REX FIDEI DEFENSOR BRUNSVICENSIS ET LUNEBURGENSIS DUX SACRI ROMANI IMPERII ARCHITHESAURARIUS ET ELECTOR

1725:

Edge inscriptions on British coins used to be commonly encountered on round £1 coins of 1983–2016, but are nowadays found only on £2 coins. The standard-issue

948:

until the 12th century, the silver currency of England was made from the highest purity silver available. But there were disadvantages to minting currency of

9561: 7679: 2133:

coins have been issued with various commemorative reverse designs, typically to mark the anniversaries of historical events or the births of notable people.

8085: 1137:, which caused the coins to tarnish to a very dark colour after they had been in circulation for long. Silver was eliminated altogether in 1947, except for 10439: 7706: 1482:

All modern British coins feature a profile of the current monarch's head on the obverse. Until 2022, there had been only one monarch since decimalisation,

3315:

Some of the pre-decimalisation coins with exact decimal equivalent values continued in use after 1971 alongside the new coins, albeit with new names (the

2561:

The Royal Mint also issues silver, gold and platinum proof sets of the circulating coins, as well as gift products such as gold coins set into jewellery.

1323:

In the years since decimalisation, a number of changes have been made to the coinage; these new denominations were introduced with the following designs:

1301:(plural). The word "new" was dropped in 1982. The symbol "p" was adopted to distinguish the new pennies from the old, which used the symbol "d" (from the 10576: 7217: 889:

of sterling (0.925 fine) silver. At this point and for centuries, pennies were the only coins struck; shillings and pounds were only units of account.

7651: 7287: 160:

of one of two monarchs on the obverse; various national, regional and commemorative designs on the reverse; and the denomination in numbers or words.

7867: 2202:. The standard version sells for £11 and a colour version for £20. Other versions range up to a gold coin of £200 face value, selling for £5,215. 691:

UK-issued coins are, on the other hand, generally fully accepted and freely mixed in other British dependencies and territories that use the pound.

10419: 1648:. The Royal Mint stated the new designs were "reflecting a twenty-first century Britain". An advisor to the Royal Mint described the new coins as " 7996: 8257:

Although the left/right alternation is now considered to have begun with Charles II, coins of both types were manufactured during his reign. See

7732: 10550: 10390: 8170: 7316: 6433:("all") after "Britains" to imply a rule over the British overseas colonies as well as the United Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland. 10581: 10365: 9128: 10402: 10295: 10092: 6929: 2630: 1470:(25p), equivalent to the five shilling crown used in pre-decimal Britain. However, in 1990 crowns were redenominated with a face value of 10385: 9238: 7179: 5507:

bit, i.e. thrup'ny or threp'ny bit – the apostrophe was pronounced on a scale from full "e" down to complete omission); a sixpence was a

1440:

designs of 50p have been issued. Some of these are found fairly frequently in circulation and some are rare. They are all legal tender.

10082: 9328: 7483: 7334: 2758:

Thus: £1 = 240d. The penny was further subdivided at various times, though these divisions vanished as inflation made them irrelevant:

1637: 1432:, with values of 20p and 25p respectively, have technically not been withdrawn, but in practice are never seen in general circulation. 5409:

Some pre-decimalisation coins or denominations became commonly known by colloquial and slang terms, perhaps the most well known being

10586: 10360: 10230: 9852: 8569: 8025: 1387:

which was discontinued in 1984 (although the Scottish banks continued producing them for some time afterwards; the last of them, the

8047: 7098: 75:, on 15 February 1971, the pound has been divided into 100 pence (minted on coins as new until 1981). Before decimalisation, twelve 10412: 10355: 10183: 9672: 9592: 9577: 3236: 1575: 1562: 260: 9534: 9529: 9380: 9161: 7504: 6975:

pieces with the old wording "New Pence" on the reverse (tails) side, when the design had been changed from 1982 to "Two Pence".

10540: 10087: 10077: 10062: 9997: 9494: 9429: 9231: 7589: 5519:. Bob is still used in phrases such as "earn/worth a bob or two", and "bob‐a‐job week". The two shillings and sixpence coin or 8321: 6637:

of a pound) coin was initially minted in 1828 for use in Ceylon, but was declared legal tender in the United Kingdom in 1842.

6464:

Although Edward VIII abdicated, his coins never properly entered circulation but it can be assumed his coins had these words.

5600:

The introduction of decimal currency caused a new casual usage to emerge, where any value in pence is spoken using the suffix

873:

Because of trade links with Charlemagne's Frankish Empire, the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms copied the Frankish currency system of 12

10449: 10444: 10370: 9645: 7853: 7839: 7369: 2419:

Maundy coins still bear the original portrait of the Queen as used in the circulating coins of the first years of her reign.

1663: 911:

monetary system wherein 12 pence made a shilling and 20 shillings made a pound. The weight of the English penny was fixed at

7557: 2219: 1388: 10571: 10345: 10262: 8771: 7819: 3436: 3047: 3008: 1660: 1371:

The sizes of the 5p, 10p and 50p coins were reduced in 1990, 1992 and 1997, respectively, also without changing the design.

94:, Wales. The Royal Mint also commissions the coins' designs however they also have to be accepted by the reigning monarch. 8111: 1490:, below). Five different effigies were used, reflecting the Queen's changing appearance as she aged. They were created by 1144:

The 1816 weight/value ratio and size system survived the debasement of silver in 1920, and the adoption of token coins of

10434: 10350: 10203: 9182: 9098: 8877: 8836: 8424: 8414: 7955: 7052: 6983: 6023: 2913: 2681: 1731: 1133:

In 1920, the silver content of all British coins was reduced from 92.5% to 50%, with some of the remainder consisting of

782: 432: 7131: 10380: 10031: 10019: 9975: 9489: 7797: 6886: 6520: 6505: 2307: 2150: 1989: 1530: 1483: 752: 473: 10208: 8523: 7419:"On the Value of Gold and Silver in European Currencies and the Consequences on the World-wide Gold- and Silver-Trade" 10492: 10395: 10340: 10119: 10102: 10072: 9837: 9687: 9350: 9345: 9004: 8154: 7941: 7418: 7067: 6951: 6458: 2363: 2235: 2163: 2079: 1923: 1881: 1221: 1184: 812: 722: 573: 341: 9524: 6090:

Used after Henry VIII made Ireland a kingdom in 1541. The Arabic numeral 8 was also used instead of the Roman VIII.

1368:

The composition of the 1p and 2p was changed in 1992 from bronze to copper-plated steel without changing the design.

10328: 10107: 9387: 8795: 8617: 8592: 8451: 7766: 7157: 6972: 6872: 6862: 6423: 6374: 6348:). At the same time, the claim to the throne of France was dropped and other titles were omitted from the coinage. 6318: 5789: 5759: 2506:

Between 1997 and 2012 silver bullion coins have also been produced under the name "Britannias". The alloy used was

1964: 1739:, Latin for "I will claim the four seas", an inscription previously found on coins bearing the image of Britannia. 1269: 1200: 1194: 827: 797: 673: 392: 301: 76: 8125: 1588:

The 5p coin depicts the centre of the shield, showing the meeting and parts of the constituent parts of the shield

10482: 10429: 10290: 10235: 10067: 9970: 9449: 9397: 9323: 9207: 9093: 8202: 7456: 7047: 6489: 6474: 6358: 5774: 3471: 3366: 2771: 2685: 1268:(50p) coin followed in 1969, replacing the old ten shilling note. The remaining decimal coins – at the time, the 7710: 7635:"We couldn't have had post-modern designs like this 50 years ago – the public simply wouldn't have accepted them 7398: 7381: 6340:

united Great Britain and Ireland into a single kingdom, represented on the coinage by the Latin genitive plural

5563:, a usage which is still heard today, especially among older people. The unaccented suffix "-pence", pronounced 10502: 10407: 10313: 10166: 10014: 10002: 9923: 9409: 8984: 8804: 8541: 8258: 8228: 6933: 6894: 6890: 6557: 6443: 6404: 6389: 3180: 2274: 2209: 1467: 767: 8535: 7209: 1740: 10424: 10333: 10272: 10198: 9985: 9965: 9744: 9268: 9254: 8562: 5929: 3464: 2767: 1204: 8513: 10487: 10308: 10171: 10149: 10129: 10058: 9980: 9857: 9847: 9842: 9514: 9479: 9335: 9187: 9060: 8994: 8612: 7279: 7077: 6249: 5714: 3457: 2763: 2677: 2645: 2626: 2552: 2317: 2223: 1591:

The 10p coin depicts most of the first quarter of the shield, containing the three lions passant of England

1283: 1261: 1190: 842: 246: 68: 53: 7257: 10323: 10303: 10144: 10007: 9789: 9692: 9375: 9355: 9192: 9154: 9055: 8999: 8968: 8632: 6994:, following the 2008 redesign which moved the date from the reverse (tails) to the obverse (heads) side. 6526:

The "of all the Britains" was dropped from the coinage in 1954, and current coins do not name any realm.

2778:

Using the example of five shillings and sixpence, the standard ways of writing shillings and pence were:

2634: 2601: 2342: 2229: 1695: 1327: 1086: 8206: 3323:

equating to 10p), and the others were withdrawn almost immediately. The use of florins and shillings as

10522: 10134: 9340: 9103: 8989: 8958: 8637: 6303: 5744: 3209:

Crowned rose flanked by a thistle and shamrock until 1952 Rose encircled by thistle, leek and shamrock

2215: 1677:

The Royal Mint's choice of an inexperienced coin designer to produce the new coinage was criticised by

1353:, 1997–2014: An abstract design of concentric circles, representing technological development from the 1237: 49: 7736: 2109:* The specifications and dates of 5p, 10p, and 50p coins refer to the larger sizes issued since 1968. 1384: 10154: 9992: 9928: 9918: 9913: 9202: 8896: 8845: 8622: 7231: 6495:

The title "Emperor of India" was relinquished in 1948, after the independence of India and Pakistan.

6264: 5729: 5520: 5439: 5433: 5414: 3429: 3394: 3230: 3075: 2597: 1842:

The following decimal coins have been withdrawn from circulation and have ceased to be legal tender.

1407: 1403: 1376: 1350: 8354: 8174: 7300:

In April 1967 it was announced that the new Royal Mint would be built at Llantrisant in South Wales.

6964:

Coins with errors in the minting process that reach circulation are often seen as valuable items by

9419: 9040: 8943: 8854: 8642: 8627: 8555: 7312: 6770: 3443: 3380: 2428: 2126: 2032: 1566: 1486:, and her head appeared on all decimal coins minted up to that date, facing to the right (see also 1343: 1265: 1231: 1090: 737: 672:. Essentially the same procedure has been used since the 13th century. Assaying is now done by the 532: 8382: 8368: 7988: 7180:"How can I dispose of commemorative crowns? And why do some have a higher face value than others?" 5928:. This was because Edward thought his left side to be better than his right. However, Edward VIII 1585:

The 2p coin depicts most of the second quarter of the shield, showing the lion rampant of Scotland

9827: 9414: 9365: 9197: 9050: 8963: 8872: 8863: 8747: 6922: 3450: 3415: 3408: 3291: 3177: 3170: 2957: 2619: 2158: 1833:, Latin for “In the service of all”, taken from the King's inaugural address on 9 September 2022. 1645: 1471: 1399: 1249: 140: 80: 9612: 8018:"Foreign and Commonwealth Office country profiles: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" 7330: 941:

of 5,760 grains). The silver penny was the only coin minted for 500 years, from c. 780 to 1280.

10512: 9147: 6744: 6233: 6213: 6120: 5699: 5690: 2669: 2573:

The British Islands (red) and overseas territories (blue) using the Pound or their local issue.

2130: 1726: 1451: 1380: 1287: 1253: 1030: 8144: 7187: 907:

The English silver penny first appeared in the 8th century CE in adoption of Western Europe's

10267: 10257: 10024: 9872: 9739: 9717: 9650: 9454: 9360: 8891: 8717: 7039: 6858: 6762: 6740: 6290: 6282: 6183: 6084: 6068: 6036: 6009: 5991: 5655: 5512: 5424: 3401: 3320: 3203: 3122: 2808: 1257: 131: 7909: 7491: 7439:"By The King, A Proclamation Declaring the Rates at which Gold shall be current in Payments" 6268: 6019: 1424:

p, 5p and 10p respectively, were finally withdrawn in 1980, 1990 and 1993 respectively. The

105:

in the denomination of 1, 2, 3 and 4 pence in sterling (.925) silver and bullion coinage of

10247: 10240: 9895: 9832: 9804: 9779: 9774: 9749: 9707: 9509: 9464: 9459: 9288: 9065: 8910: 7062: 6822: 6812: 6766: 6736: 6267:

by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, of

6152: 6052: 3387: 3305: 3259: 1892: 1786: 1682: 1557: 1463: 1429: 1038: 898: 98: 33: 9009: 7910:"The Great British Coin Hunt 2018 – Quintessentially British a to Z Sterling Silver Coins" 2390: 1395: 8: 9867: 9822: 9814: 9759: 9667: 9602: 9293: 8830: 8418: 8383:"Page 3023 | Supplement 39873, 26 May 1953 | London Gazette | the Gazette" 8369:"Page 3023 | Supplement 39873, 26 May 1953 | London Gazette | the Gazette" 8270: 6876: 6773:

of Henry VIII and continued on subsequent small gold coinage into the reign of Edward VI.

6198: 5675: 2500: 2489: 2444: 1655:

The redesign was criticised by some for having no specifically Welsh symbol (such as the

1534: 1078: 957: 908: 8529: 7438: 6477:, by the Grace of God, of all the Britains King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India 6461:, by the Grace of God, of all the Britains King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India 6446:, by the Grace of God, of all the Britains King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India 6426:, by the Grace of God, of all the Britains King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India 6170:, by the Grace of God, of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, Ireland etc., Protector 989:

stretches back to AD 886. For many centuries production was in London, initially at the

9943: 9933: 9900: 9799: 9769: 9662: 9637: 9597: 7025: 6794: 6780: 6337: 6217: 6135: 6100: 6013: 5924:

became king in January 1936 and was portrayed facing left, the same as his predecessor

5694: 3308:(5/-) was issued periodically as a commemorative coin but rarely found in circulation. 3133: 3086: 2691:

The other British overseas territories do not use sterling as their official currency.

2673: 2578: 2279: 2186: 2141: 2137: 2039: 1930: 1887: 1574:

coins (1p, 2p, 5p, 10p, 20p, 50p), that can be pieced together to form an image of the

1437: 1101: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1058: 1049: 1034: 1010: 886: 97:

In addition to the circulating coinage, the UK also mints commemorative decimal coins (

7970: 2136:

Three commemorative designs were issued of the large version of the 50p: in 1973 (the

1652:" and said that this was something that could not have been done 50 years previously. 9712: 9682: 9030: 8329: 8150: 7675: 7365: 7106: 6826: 6784: 6272: 6104: 2432: 2145: 1678: 1503: 1410:

coins, which had continued to circulate alongside the decimal coinage with values of

1379:(20p) coin was introduced in 1982 to fill the gap between the 10p and 50p coins. The 7586: 1545:. Those minted and circulated after the accession of Charles III are inscribed with 10497: 9938: 9887: 9697: 9677: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9045: 9025: 8953: 8665: 8188: 6844: 6684: 6408: 5766: 5667: 5566: 5534: 5478: 5446: 3373: 2792:

The sum of 5/6 would be spoken as "five shillings and sixpence" or "five and six".

2661: 2653: 2638: 2507: 2440: 2195: 1752: 1448: 1082: 1026: 1006: 998: 902: 669: 454: 57: 10225: 8296:"Rare Edward VIII coin showing profile of monarch's 'better side' goes on display" 5826: 5781: 5647: 3176:

Crowned lion on Tudor crown or Crowned lion standing on Scottish crown until 1952

1714:

In February 2015, the Royal Mint announced a new design for the £2 coin featuring

668:

Every year, newly minted coins are checked for size, weight, and composition at a

10193: 10114: 9519: 9484: 9474: 9444: 9318: 9108: 8245: 7956:"How the Royal Mint is Attempting to Redefine "Legal Tender" for Collector Coins" 7887: 7824: 7684: 7658: 7612: 7593: 7511: 7426: 7357: 7338: 6848: 6167: 5995: 5811: 5736: 5706: 5640: 2665: 2544:

ounce sizes. Since 2013 the alloy used is silver at a (millesimal fineness 999).

1800: 1793: 1515: 1499: 1106: 1005:

in South Wales. Historically Scotland and England had separate coinage; the last

990: 965: 952:, notably the level of wear it suffered, and the ease with which coins could be " 9223: 6982:

In June 2009, the Royal Mint estimated that between 50,000 and 200,000 dateless

6163:

OLIVARIUS DEI GRATIA REIPUBLICÆ ANGLIÆ SCOTIÆ HIBERNIÆ & CETERORUM PROTECTOR

6039:, by the grace of God King of England and France, Lord of Ireland and Aquitaine. 1093:. After 15 September 1709 no further silver coins were ever struck in Scotland. 10220: 9764: 9504: 9392: 9283: 9278: 9085: 9035: 8929: 8915: 8694: 8688: 8647: 8396: 8322:"Why King Charles's profile may face left on British coins, and why it matters" 8107: 8048:"Foreign and Commonwealth Office country profiles: British Antarctic Territory" 7924:"Harry Potter coin collection: Dumbledore 50p first to feature King's portrait" 7525: 7135: 7072: 6987: 6641: 6454:

EDWARDUS VIII DEI GRATIA BRITANNIARUM OMNIUM REX FIDEI DEFENSOR INDIÆ IMPERATOR

6286: 6276: 6209:

GULIELMUS ET MARIA DEI GRATIA MAGNÆ BRITANNIÆ FRANCIÆ ET HIBERNIÆ REX ET REGINA

6042:

Used after Anglo-French relations broke down and Edward III resumed his claim.

5984: 5955: 5804: 5419: 3128: 3081: 2919:

In the years just prior to decimalisation, the circulating British coins were:

2836: 2831: 2803: 2724: 2618:. While the Isle of Man recognises the Pound Sterling as a secondary currency, 2605: 2548: 2496: 2451: 2436: 2182: 1761: 1538: 1100:

the bimetallic relationship between gold coins and silver coins was changed by

926: 206: 182: 114: 110: 106: 60: 45: 8508: 8503: 6419:

EDWARDUS VII DEI GRATIA BRITANNIARUM OMNIUM REX FIDEI DEFENSOR INDIÆ IMPERATOR

6364:

The Roman numeral "4" is represented by both IIII and IV in different issues.

5396: 2157:

with the exception of none in 2000, and four regional 2002 issues marking the

1022:

produced that year. From this point onwards till 1920, sterling was the rule.

10565: 10097: 9877: 9655: 9607: 9587: 9499: 8948: 8905: 8723: 8333: 7789: 7110: 6797:, signifying his desire to unite the English and Scottish nations. Refers to 6602: 6470:

GEORGIUS VI DEI GRATIA BRITANNIARUM OMNIUM REX FIDEI DEFENSOR INDIÆ IMPERATOR

5932:

in December 1936 and his coins were never put into general circulation. When

5913: 5593:

continued to represent one-twentieth of a pound, that is five new pence, and

2614:

is a unique case among the Crown Dependencies, issuing its own currency, the

1719: 1495: 1425: 1110: 956:", or trimmed. In 1158 a new standard for English coinage was established by 953: 874: 10124: 8259:

https://www.britnumsoc.org/publications/Digital%20BNJ/pdfs/1919_BNJ_15_9.pdf

7565: 6439:

GEORGIUS V DEI GRATIA BRITANNIARUM OMNIUM REX FIDEI DEFENSOR INDIÆ IMPERATOR

6333:

George III, by the Grace of God, of the Britains King, Defender of the Faith

10215: 9862: 9734: 9139: 8924: 7414: 7057: 7011: 5888: 3422: 3324: 2657: 2555: 2408: 2199: 1768: 1656: 1491: 1312: 1138: 1054: 961: 882: 538: 347: 252: 178: 164: 102: 17: 6220:

by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King and Queen

5895: 5751: 2699: 2177: 1659:), because the Royal Shield does not include a specifically Welsh symbol. 1541:". The inscription appears in any of several abbreviated forms, typically 9906: 9754: 9729: 9722: 9543: 9370: 8934: 7758: 7149: 6991: 6965: 6591: 6536: 6110:

The names of the realms were omitted from the coin for reasons of space.

5921: 5903: 5855: 3154: 3024: 2853: 2728: 2611: 1947: 1775: 1690: 1649: 1633: 1511: 1455: 1398:

in 1984 as its value was by then too small to be useful. The pre-decimal

1163: 1145: 1114: 1097: 1065:, but which he took seriously. Newton was subsequently given the post of 1002: 949: 945: 934: 930: 677: 518: 366: 202: 188: 147: 91: 72: 5841: 2912:

For an extensive list of historical pre-decimal coin denominations, see

1180:

pound). The following coins were introduced with these reverse designs:

32:

Examples of the standard reverse designs minted until 2008. Designed by

9582: 8517: 8355:"Hammered Coin Inscriptions and Their Meanings, Edward VI & Mary I" 8129: 7923: 7283: 7258:"Coins – Collector Gold & Silver Coins & Limited Edition Gifts" 6936: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 6598:

in the starting in 1834. Jamaicans referred to the coin as a "quatty".

6508:, by the Grace of God, of all the Britains Queen, Defender of the Faith 6400:

VICTORIA DEI GRATIA BRITANNIARUM REGINA FIDEI DEFENSOR INDIÆ IMPERATRIX

5945: 5880: 5819: 2615: 2511: 2455: 2413: 2396: 2181:

1981 commemorative twenty-five pence coin, celebrating the marriage of

1814: 1671: 1507: 1331: 1167: 1045: 994: 986: 938: 878: 658: 87: 64: 6492:, by the Grace of God, of all the Britains King, Defender of the Faith 2723:

For further information about the history of pre-decimal coinage, see

1096:

As a result of a report written by Newton on 21 September 1717 to the

28: 9469: 8885: 7461: 6407:, by the Grace of God, of the Britains Queen, Defender of the Faith, 5933: 5873: 5721: 3053: 2649: 2347: 1997: 1715: 1667: 1625: 1616: 1241: 1134: 612: 561: 8078:"Foreign and Commonwealth Office country profiles: Tristan da Cunha" 7989:"The Queen's Beasts are brought to life in a new bullion coin range" 7443:

The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society

6911: 1670:, who was also campaigning to have the Welsh Dragon included on the 8547: 8210: 6834: 6748: 6392:, by the Grace of God, of the Britains Queen, Defender of the Faith 5925: 5834: 3316: 2830:

A similar pre-decimal system operated in France, also based on the

2807:. The shilling was also denoted by the slash symbol, also called a 2797: 2740: 2715: 2707: 2591: 2586: 2492:

of 916 (22 carat) and with face values of £100, £50, £25, and £10.

1826: 1822: 1609: 1354: 1306: 1062: 143: 16:"British coinage" redirects here. For ancient British coinage, see 6377:, by the Grace of God, of the Britains King, Defender of the Faith 6361:, by the Grace of God, of the Britains King, Defender of the Faith 6201:, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King 6186:, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King 6155:, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King 6138:, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King 5400:

Visualisation of some British currency terms before decimalisation

3139:

Crowned royal cypher until 1952 Floral design – Four Home Nations

2795:

The abbreviation for the old penny, d, was derived from the Roman

2788:

5/- for 5 shillings only, with the dash to stand for zero pennies.

579:

Abstract concentric design representing technological development

10517: 6830: 6802: 6798: 6501:

ELIZABETH II DEI GRATIA BRITANNIARUM OMNIUM REGINA FIDEI DEFENSOR

6413:

Queen Victoria was granted the title "Empress of India" in 1876.

6252:

by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, Queen

6173:

Cromwell ruled as a monarch but did not claim the title of king.

5862: 5617: 2864: 2858: 2369: 1818: 1605: 1225: 1215: 1211: 1208: 6719:

of a pound) coin was minted for use in Ceylon starting in 1839.

6236:

by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King

6229:

GULIELMUS III DEI GRATIA MAGNÆ BRITANNIÆ FRANCIÆ ET HIBERNIÆ REX

6058:

France had been claimed by the English continuously since 1369.

5662: 3239:

flanked by crowned royal cypher until 1952 Crowned Royal Shield

2569: 2510:(millesimal fineness 958). The silver coins were available in 1 1193:, 1971–2007: A crowned portcullis with chains (the badge of the 9539: 8397:"King Charles: New coins featuring monarch's portrait unveiled" 7526:"King Charles: New coins featuring monarch's portrait unveiled" 7265: 6595: 5796: 5608:

or coin, for example, "a fifty-pee piece", a "ten-pence coin".

2812: 2582: 1906: 1335: 275: 157: 8657: 8108:"Government of South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands" 7868:"By Royal Approval: The United Kingdom's New Definitive Coins" 7680:"I hate the new coins. My father must be turning in his grave" 7405:

21 August 2009 at Wikiwix. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland.

7388:

22 August 2009 at Wikiwix. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland.

6074:

The Arabic numeral 8 was also used instead of the Roman VIII.

5572: 5549: 10252: 7883:"Royal Mint unveils new coin design inspired by King Charles" 6677: 6485:

GEORGIUS VI DEI GRATIA BRITANNIARUM OMNIUM REX FIDEI DEFENSOR

6354:

GEORGIUS IIII (IV) DEI GRATIA BRITANNIARUM REX FIDEI DEFENSOR

6281:

George I added the titles he already possessed as Elector of

6194:

IACOBUS II DEI GRATIA MAGNÆ BRITANNIÆ FRANCIÆ ET HIBERNIÆ REX

6179:

CAROLUS II DEI GRATIA MAGNÆ BRITANNIÆ FRANCIÆ ET HIBERNIÆ REX

6123:, by the Grace of God, of England, France, and Ireland, Queen 5682: 2820: 2744: 2384: 1779: 1522: 1302: 1033:(1558–1603) and periodically during the subsequent reigns of 194: 170: 8471:"Mix-up at Royal Mint creates dateless 20p pieces worth £50" 7313:"National Museums of Scotland – Balance and scales (detail)" 5484: 5452: 1813:£2 depicts the four heraldic flowers of the United Kingdom: 1735:. The redesigned coin since 2015 has a new edge inscription 6012:, by the grace of God King of England, Lord of Ireland and 5499: 5490: 5467: 2976: 2880: 2811:

for this reason, which was originally an adaptation of the

2801:, and the abbreviation for the shilling, s, from the Roman 1601: 1141:, which returned to the pre-1920 92.5% silver composition. 41: 8509:

Chard, Juliana: Common Names of British Coin Denominations

7854:"£2 Coin Designs and Specifications | the Royal Mint" 7606:"Birmingham MP's crusade to bring back Britannia on coins" 6293:, but which had previously only rarely appeared on coins. 6245:

ANNA DEI GRATIA MAGNÆ BRITANNIÆ FRANCIÆ ET HIBERNIÆ REGINA

6148:

CAROLUS DEI GRATIA MAGNÆ BRITANNIÆ FRANCIÆ ET HIBERNIÆ REX

6131:

IACOBUS DEI GRATIA MAGNÆ BRITANNIÆ FRANCIÆ ET HIBERNIÆ REX

6080:

HENRICUS VIII DEI GRATIA ANGLIÆ FRANCIÆ & HIBERNIÆ REX

2819:", for the pound, is derived from the first letter of the 2816: 8244:

Coins with Cromwell's image were first minted in 1656 by

7668: 6370:

GULIELMUS IIII DEI GRATIA BRITANNIARUM REX FIDEI DEFENSOR

6087:

by the Grace of God, Of England, France and Ireland, King

5920:

There was a small quirk in this alternating pattern when

5543: 5458: 1807: 698:

The estimated volume in circulation as at March 2016 is:

543:

Rose, leek, thistle, and shamrock encircled by a coronet

7514:

Royal Mint (www.royalmint.com). Retrieved on 2015-03-03.

6239:

William continued to rule alone after his wife's death.

2625:

The pound sterling is also the official currency of the

2558:, one for each beast available in both gold and silver. 1694:

claimed that the redesign signalled the UK's intention "

7150:"New 12-sided pound coin to enter circulation in March" 6821:"May God rise up, may enemies be scattered". Coins of 6329:

GEORGIUS III DEI GRATIA BRITANNIARUM REX FIDEI DEFENSOR

2852:(d). Until 1816 another similar system was used in the 2590:

converted in order to be used in the UK. The island of

688:

commerce, and can readily be used in vending machines.

8146:

Quiddities: An Intermittently Philosophical Dictionary

7399:"Sir Isaac Newton and the Scottish recoinage, 1707–10" 6901: 6385:

VICTORIA DEI GRATIA BRITANNIARUM REGINA FIDEI DEFENSOR

6116:

ELIZABETH DEI GRATIA ANGLIÆ FRANCIÆ ET HIBERNIÆ REGINA

3304:

d) had been demonetised on 1 January 1961, whilst the

2427:

The traditional bullion coin issued by Britain is the

1510:(from 2015). In September 2022, the first portrait of 307:

Plume of ostrich feathers within a coronet (1971–2008)

6885:. "An ornament and a safeguard." Some pound coins of 6871:. "Shamed be he who thinks ill of it." Sovereigns of 5575: 5552: 5496: 5464: 2719:

Shilling, 1956, showing English and Scottish reverses

2450:

Between 1987 and 2012 a series of bullion coins, the

1293:

The new coins were initially marked with the wording

632: 630: 628: 8532:– list of all UK coins, with photos and descriptions 8226: 7001: 5569: 5546: 5540: 5493: 5487: 5461: 5455: 2120: 1743:

have their own unique edge inscriptions or designs.

1081:, Newton used his previous experience to direct the 7505:

The Fifth Definitive Coinage Portrait First Edition

7099:"First coinage featuring King Charles III released" 6990:in a production batch, creating what is known as a 6523:, by the Grace of God, Queen, Defender of the Faith 6289:", which had been borne by the English kings since 5537: 5481: 5449: 5437:and the later nickel-brass threepence was called a 2762:

1 penny = 2 halfpennies and (earlier) 4 farthings (

2059:Milled with variable inscription and/or decoration 1341:One pound (round), 1983–2016: various designs; see 596:Milled with variable inscription and/or decoration 8271:"Coin - Farthing, Charles II, Great Britain, 1674" 7674: 7647: 7645: 7643: 7552: 7550: 7548: 7546: 7382:"The Scottish Mint after the recoinage, 1709–1836" 6539:, by the Grace of God, King, Defender of the Faith 5994:, by the grace of God King of England and France, 5531:. A value of two pence was universally pronounced 625: 10231:Glasgow International Financial Services District 9253: 8504:Clayton, Tony: Coins of England and Great Britain 7880: 6971:In 1983, the Royal Mint mistakenly produced some 6755:"Behold the man who did not make God his helper". 6064:HENRICUS VIII DEI GRATIA REX ANGLIÆ & FRANCIÆ 3092:Thrift until 1952 Crowned portcullis with chains 1334:, a traditional heraldic emblem of England (with 1234:, 1968–2007: The lion of England royally crowned. 868: 101:) in the denomination of five pounds, ceremonial 10563: 8462: 7132:"First King Charles 50p coins enter circulation" 6811:"I reign with Christ as my protector". Coins of 6048:HENRICUS VII DEI GRATIA REX ANGLIÆ & FRANCIÆ 2499:bullion contains 1 troy ounce of fine gold at a 2172: 1722:, with no change to its bimetallic composition. 1527:ELIZABETH II DEI GRATIA REGINA FIDEI DEFENSATRIX 175:ELIZABETH II DEI GRATIA REGINA FIDEI DEFENSATRIX 121: 8446: 8444: 8442: 7640: 7543: 6787:. The same as above, but with a plural subject. 6071:by the Grace of God, King of England and France 6055:by the Grace of God, King of England and France 1729:from 1997 to 2015 carried the edge inscription 193:The obverse carries an abbreviated, anglicised 137:five pence and ten pence in nickel-plated steel 10592:Pre-decimalisation coins of the United Kingdom 6793:"I shall make them into one nation". Coins of 6769:. Initially on the unsuccessful and very rare 6590:of a pound) coin was circulated mainly in the 6096:PHILIPPUS ET MARIA DEI GRATIA REX & REGINA 2594:also produces occasional commemorative coins. 1187:, 1971–1984: A crown, symbolising the monarch. 652: 639: 185:". The denomination is usually on the reverse. 9239: 9155: 9129:List of people on coins of the United Kingdom 8563: 8420:A History of Currency in the British Colonies 6865:. Found on pennies and smaller denominations. 6516:ELIZABETH II DEI GRATIA REGINA FIDEI DEFENSOR 1152: 1098:Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury 1001:. In the 1970s production was transferred to 881:(shilling) and 240 deniers or 20 sous to the 9169: 8439: 6761:"A dazzling rose without a thorn". Coins of 6753:Ecce homo qui non-posuit Deum adjutorem suum 6223:The spouses William and Mary ruled jointly. 2631:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 1444:worth about 50% more than their face value. 67:, commercial GBP), and ranges in value from 8201: 7790:"A bad penny? New coins and nickel allergy" 7787: 7622: 7353: 7351: 6022:(1360) when Edward III temporarily gave up 5404: 3319:became equivalent to the 5p coin, with the 1383:(£1) was introduced in 1983 to replace the 10577:Currencies of British Overseas Territories 9246: 9232: 9162: 9148: 8570: 8556: 8128:. Antarctic Heritage Trust. Archived from 8126:"The British Antarctic Territory Currency" 7820:"Royal Mint starts new £1 coin production" 7142: 2385:Legal tender status of commemorative coins 1487: 257:Crowned portcullis with chains (1971–2008) 209:". The denomination may be on either side. 8319: 8149:. Harvard University Press. p. 126. 7759:"Treasury 'should foot coin change bill'" 7707:"Make Way for Britain's New Coin Designs" 7652:"Wales short-changed by new coin designs" 6952:Learn how and when to remove this message 6532:CHARLES III DEI GRATIA REX FIDEI DEFENSOR 1837: 1547:CHARLES III DEI GRATIA REX FIDEI DEFENSOR 657:All genuine UK coins are produced by the 400:Segment of the Royal Arms (2008–present) 354:Segment of the Royal Arms (2008–present) 309:Segment of the Royal Arms (2008–present) 199:CHARLES III DEI GRATIA REX FIDEI DEFENSOR 8413: 8320:Simonetti, Isabella (9 September 2022). 7348: 6779:"We have made God our helper". Coins of 6547: 6032:EDWARD DEI G REX ANG Z FRA DNS HYB Z ACT 5944: 5395: 2714: 2706: 2698: 2577:Outside the United Kingdom, the British 2568: 2176: 1556: 1466:. Until 1981, these had a face value of 1454:(£2) coin was introduced in 1998 (first 933:; 240 pennies weighed 5,400 grains or a 892: 27: 9540:2020 Withdrawal from the European Union 9480:Second Industrial Revolution 1860s–1914 8468: 8229:"A Review of the Coinage of Charles II" 7523: 7454: 7448: 7232:"A Brief History of Coinage in Britain" 6889:and some crown coins including some of 6843:"Peace is sought by war". Coins of the 6676:of a pound) coin was minted for use in 5958:, which were inscribed with the legend 3357:Pre-decimal coins of the pound sterling 2198:, and celebrating the fictional wizard 2115: 1462:There are also commemorative issues of 1365:The halfpenny was discontinued in 1984. 1016: 925:troy grains (about 1.46 grams) by 10564: 8222: 8220: 8114:from the original on 12 November 2002. 7968: 7134:. BBC. 8 December 2022. Archived from 7096: 6735:"I have made God my helper". Coins of 6344:("of the Britains", often abbreviated 2694: 1224:, 1968–2007: The Badge of Scotland, a 523:1953 Queen's coronation commemoration 126:The current decimal coins consist of: 83:, and twenty shillings made a pound. 9227: 9143: 8551: 8530:United Kingdom: Coins Issued and Used 8142: 8058:from the original on 21 November 2008 7290:from the original on 16 November 2011 6005:EDWARD DEI GRA REX ANGL DNS HYB Z ACQ 1701: 1624:complaints over the disappearance of 10582:Currencies of the Crown Dependencies 10546: 10263:London Platinum and Palladium Market 8577: 7769:from the original on 5 November 2011 7733:"Cupro Nickel Replacement Programme" 7524:Peachey, Kevin (30 September 2022). 7445:, vol V., April 1842 – January 1843. 7097:Davies, Caroline (8 December 2022). 6934:adding citations to reliable sources 6905: 5611: 1711:entering circulation 28 March 2017. 1628:'s image from the 50p coin in 2008. 1318: 1061:, a post which was intended to be a 152:bimetallic one pound and two pounds. 23:British current and historic coinage 9099:List of British banknotes and coins 8217: 7053:List of British banknotes and coins 6902:Minting errors reaching circulation 6107:by the Grace of God, King and Queen 2914:List of British banknotes and coins 2682:coins of the Falkland Islands pound 1732:STANDING ON THE SHOULDERS OF GIANTS 169:The obverse carries an abbreviated 13: 8544:– converts decimal currency to £sd 8538:– converts £sd to decimal currency 8514:UK Coin Designs and Specifications 7800:from the original on 7 August 2013 7319:from the original on 9 April 2009. 7160:from the original on 31 March 2017 6887:Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom 2711:Two shilling coin, or florin, 1949 2422: 2391:Legal tender § United Kingdom 2299:Milled, with variable inscription 2151:Fifty pence (British decimal coin) 1569:depicting the whole of the shield. 1477: 1009:were struck in 1709 shortly after 278:(97% copper, 2.5% zinc, 0.5% tin) 14: 10603: 10493:Confederation of British Industry 9688:Expansion plans for Milton Keynes 9351:Department for Business and Trade 9346:Competition and Markets Authority 8497: 8234:. British Numismatic Association. 7999:from the original on 2 April 2016 7969:Barker, Simon (14 January 2020). 7558:"Royal Mint unveils coin designs" 7457:"Why coppers are rising in value" 7220:from the original on 17 May 2013. 7068:One hundred pounds (British coin) 2564: 2164:Two pounds (British decimal coin) 2121:Circulating commemorative designs 1565:formed by six UK coins, with the 1357:to the modern-day electronic age. 1157: 993:, and then at premises nearby in 929:, an 8th-century contemporary of 181:, by the grace of God, Queen and 10587:Currencies of the United Kingdom 10545: 10536: 10535: 9388:Office for Budget Responsibility 8526:— Royal Mint competition designs 8481:from the original on 2 July 2009 7331:"The 1696 Recoinage (1696–1699)" 7032: 7018: 7004: 6910: 6819:EXURGAT DEUS DISSIPENTUR INIMICI 5894: 5879: 5861: 5840: 5825: 5810: 5795: 5780: 5765: 5750: 5735: 5720: 5705: 5681: 5666: 5661: 5646: 5565: 5533: 5527:, also sometimes referred to as 5477: 5445: 3352:p, but was demonetised in 1980. 2907: 2622:are not legal tender in the UK. 2212:or crown (25p; £0.25), 1972–1981 1746: 1552: 1044:By 1601 it was decreed that one 674:Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths 205:, by the grace of God, King and 146:twenty pence and fifty pence in 86:British coins are minted by the 9324:Governor of the Bank of England 8425:Her Majesty's Stationery Office 8407: 8389: 8375: 8361: 8347: 8313: 8288: 8263: 8251: 8238: 8195: 8181: 8163: 8136: 8118: 8100: 8070: 8040: 8010: 7981: 7962: 7948: 7934: 7916: 7902: 7874: 7860: 7846: 7840:"£1 Coin | the Royal Mint" 7832: 7812: 7781: 7751: 7725: 7699: 7599: 7580: 7517: 7498: 7476: 7432: 7408: 7391: 7374: 7323: 7305: 7272: 7048:Banknotes of the pound sterling 6921:needs additional citations for 6777:POSUIMUS DEUM ADIUTOREM NOSTRUM 5940: 5917:images tended to be full face. 5620:, as shown in the table below: 2686:coins of the Saint Helena pound 2403: 1525:inscription whose full form is 1494:(for coins minted until 1968), 1394:The decimal halfpenny coin was 1166:on 15 February 1971 the pound ( 662: 10503:Federation of Small Businesses 8469:Bingham, John (29 June 2009). 8189:""bob or two" – Google Search" 7564:. 2 April 2008. Archived from 7455:McVeigh, Karen (12 May 2006). 7250: 7224: 7202: 7172: 7124: 7090: 6829:. Refers to Psalm 67:1 in the 6024:his claim to the French throne 3265:Various commemorative designs 3027:(Britannia on early mintages) 2979:(Britannia on early mintages) 2023:Various commemorative designs 1615:The £2 coin from 2015 depicts 1389:Royal Bank of Scotland £1 note 1248:The first decimal coins – the 869:History of pre-decimal coinage 604:Various commemorative designs 560:Alternately milled and plain ( 502:Various commemorative designs 156:All circulating coins have an 56:is denominated in pennies and 1: 10273:Alternative Investment Market 10253:London Interbank Offered Rate 10209:List of UK building societies 9255:Economy of the United Kingdom 7083: 2173:Non-circulating denominations 1117:implied by the proclamation. 197:inscription whose full form, 173:inscription whose full form, 122:Currently circulating coinage 10488:British Chambers of Commerce 10483:British Bankers' Association 8275:Museums Victoria Collections 7971:"Are £5 Coins Legal Tender?" 7788:Lacey, Anna (22 June 2013). 7633:(107). Royal Mint: 6. 2008. 7362:Newton and the Counterfeiter 7078:Twenty pounds (British coin) 6837:in English Bible numbering). 5966:Examples of coinage legends 5431:, a silver threepence was a 2754:1 shilling = 12 pence (12d). 2678:coins of the Gibraltar pound 2646:British overseas territories 2627:British overseas territories 2218:or crown (£5), 1990–present 1829:, with the edge inscription 1741:Other commemorative £2 coins 1083:1707–1710 Scottish recoinage 1069:in 1699. Following the 1707 54:British Overseas Territories 7: 10572:Coins of the United Kingdom 9376:Chancellor of the Exchequer 9356:Financial Conduct Authority 7678:, Virginia (6 April 2008). 7665:(North Wales), 3 April 2008 7629:"Your Change is Changing". 6997: 6285:. He also added the title " 5511:, the two-shilling coin or 2635:British Antarctic Territory 2602:coins of the Guernsey pound 2454:, was issued, containing 1 2284:No standard reverse design 2085:No standard reverse design 2044:Numerous different designs 1521:Most current coins carry a 1385:Bank of England £1 banknote 653:Production and distribution 352:Crowned thistle (1968–2008) 130:one penny and two pence in 10: 10608: 10523:UK Payments Administration 9475:New Imperialism 1830s–1945 9299:Government-owned companies 9104:List of British currencies 8227:Lt. Col. H. W. Morrieson. 5937:directly chronologically. 2911: 2722: 2388: 2012:Smooth, Reuleaux heptagon 1514:was revealed, designed by 1205:Prince of Wales's feathers 1153:History of decimal coinage 997:in what is today known as 896: 555:Inner: Nickel-plated alloy 510:Segment of the Royal Arms 494:Smooth, Reuleaux heptagon 464:Segment of the Royal Arms 50:British Crown Dependencies 15: 10531: 10466: 10283: 10182: 10047: 10040: 9956: 9886: 9813: 9788: 9636: 9625: 9598:National champions policy 9593:Recessions and recoveries 9570: 9510:1979 Winter of Discontent 9445:1659–1849 Navigation Acts 9437: 9428: 9420:UK Trade & Investment 9329:Monetary Policy Committee 9307: 9261: 9178: 9078: 9018: 8977: 8656: 8585: 7942:"Legal Tender Guidelines" 7397:Murray, Athol L. (1997). 7380:Murray, Athol L. (1999). 7343:The Literary Encyclopedia 6869:HONI SOIT QUI MAL Y PENSE 6791:FACIAM EOS IN GENTEM UNAM 6733:POSUI DEUM ADIUTOREM MEUM 6722: 6429:Edward VII's coins added 5867: 3161: 3158: 3153: 3127: 2999: 2996: 2993: 2972: 2734: 2598:coins of the Jersey pound 2357: 2333: 2330: 2324: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2278: 2064: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2038: 2030: 2017: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1987: 1954: 1951: 1946: 1929: 1688:The German news magazine 1057:after his appointment as 595: 590: 587: 584: 581: 571: 537: 493: 490: 487: 484: 481: 471: 452: 449: 446: 443: 440: 430: 408: 402: 397: 390: 371: 362: 356: 351: 346: 339: 317: 311: 306: 299: 280: 271: 265: 256: 251: 244: 40:The standard circulating 9535:2009 bank rescue package 9530:2008 bank rescue package 9495:1929–39 Great Depression 9366:HM Revenue & Customs 9274:Employee-owned companies 6759:RUTILANS ROSA SINE SPINA 5983:EDWARD DEI GRA REX ANGL 5405:Slang and everyday usage 2751:£1 = 20 shillings (20s). 2551:launched a series of 10 2488:ounce of fine gold at a 1543:ELIZABETH II D G REG F D 1344:One pound (British coin) 1264:coins respectively. The 1105:moving Britain from the 1091:Kingdom of Great Britain 398:Crowned lion (1968–2008) 9703:List of counties by GVA 9485:1873–79 Long Depression 9450:Agricultural Revolution 9415:UK Statistics Authority 9208:St Helena and Ascension 7881:Mabel Banfield-Nwachi. 7425:28 January 2017 at the 7345:. University of Regina. 7337:14 January 2010 at the 3178:Coat of Arms of England 2620:coins of the Manx pound 2416:value is much greater. 2159:2002 Commonwealth Games 1638:without any date at all 1330:, 1982–2007: A crowned 36:(£2 coin is not shown). 10513:Institute of Directors 10478:Business organisations 10403:Science and technology 10296:International students 10008:Working Time Directive 9381:Debt Management Office 8452:"Fractional Farthings" 6269:Brunswick and Lüneburg 5950: 5949:A 1937 George VI penny 5868:(uncirculated issues) 5401: 2720: 2712: 2704: 2670:Falkland Islands pound 2644:The currencies of the 2574: 2435:(introduced in 2009), 2296:Cupronickel or silver 2190: 2144:presidency) and 1994 ( 1838:Obsolete denominations 1570: 1338:design and lettering). 1025:Coins were originally 877:("d", pennies) to the 113:, and gold and silver 37: 10508:Industry trade groups 10268:London Stock Exchange 10258:London Metal Exchange 10025:Trades Union Congress 9718:East London Tech City 9562:Cost-of-living crisis 9500:1948–52 Marshall Plan 9455:Industrial Revolution 8969:Five guineas (£5/5/–) 8954:Double sovereign (£2) 8930:Half sovereign (10/–) 8542:Old Money Converter 2 8456:The Royal Mint Museum 8143:Quine, W. V. (1987). 7417:(21 September 1717). 7364:. Faber & Faber. 7184:The Royal Mint Museum 7040:United Kingdom portal 6809:CHRISTO AUSPICE REGNO 6747:. Possibly refers to 6548:Coins in the colonies 6287:Defender of the Faith 5948: 5399: 2768:a third of a farthing 2718: 2710: 2702: 2572: 2389:Further information: 2180: 1737:QUATUOR MARIA VINDICO 1560: 1539:Defender of the Faith 1459:entered circulation. 969:seen on coins today. 893:The penny before 1500 207:Defender of the Faith 183:Defender of the Faith 71:to two pounds. Since 31: 10302:Entertainment & 9525:Late-2000s recession 9520:1992 Black Wednesday 9460:Financial Revolution 9289:FTSE Fledgling Index 9066:Landmarks of Britain 8959:Two guineas (£2/2/–) 8403:. 29 September 2022. 7611:8 April 2009 at the 7592:6 April 2008 at the 7587:New Coin Designs FAQ 7510:3 March 2015 at the 7494:on 11 November 2007. 7268:on 10 February 2005. 7063:Non-decimal currency 6930:improve this article 6857:"Britain". Reign of 6847:; personal motto of 6680:, starting in 1827. 2856:, consisting of the 2834:, consisting of the 2445:quintuple sovereigns 2116:Commemorative issues 1787:western capercaillie 1696:not to join the euro 1683:Christopher Ironside 1664:Member of Parliament 1195:Houses of Parliament 1017:The penny after 1500 937:(different from the 899:Penny (English coin) 593:Outer: Nickel-brass 557:Outer: Nickel-brass 546:23.03–23.43 mm 423:Nickel-plated steel 383:Nickel-plated steel 332:Copper-plated steel 292:Copper-plated steel 34:Christopher Ironside 9998:Equal opportunities 9603:Economic liberalism 9505:1974 Three-Day Week 9490:1926 general strike 9294:FTSE SmallCap Index 9051:Quintuple sovereign 8916:Quarter guinea (5/3 8906:Double florin (4/–) 8536:Old Money Converter 7930:. 16 February 2023. 7765:. 5 November 2011. 7657:13 May 2008 at the 7138:on 8 December 2022. 6877:Order of the Garter 5967: 3359: 2695:Pre-decimal coinage 2503:of 999 (24 carat). 2501:millesimal fineness 2490:millesimal fineness 2226:(£20), 2013–present 1535:by the grace of God 1311:a coin used in the 1115:bimetallic standard 1079:Kingdom of Scotland 985:The history of the 599:1997 (issued 1998) 479:Britannia and lion 438:Crowned Tudor Rose 10413:Telecommunications 9578:Economic geography 9094:Sterling banknotes 9061:The Queen's Beasts 8925:Third guinea (7/–) 8878:Fifteen pence (1/3 8666:Quarter farthing ( 8326:The New York Times 7156:. 1 January 2017. 7026:Numismatics portal 6841:PAX QUÆRITUR BELLO 6275:Archtreasurer and 6020:Treaty of Brétigny 5965: 5951: 5402: 3355: 3134:Queen Elizabeth II 3095:21.0–21.8 mm 3087:Queen Elizabeth II 2721: 2713: 2705: 2674:Saint Helena pound 2579:Crown Dependencies 2575: 2433:quarter sovereigns 2368:Elizabeth Tower ' 2280:Queen Elizabeth II 2236:One hundred pounds 2191: 2187:Lady Diana Spencer 2040:Queen Elizabeth II 1931:Queen Elizabeth II 1888:Queen Elizabeth II 1831:IN SERVITIO OMNIUM 1702:Changes after 2008 1571: 1484:Queen Elizabeth II 1113:, rather than the 1102:royal proclamation 1075:Kingdom of England 1067:Master of the Mint 1059:Warden of the Mint 1011:union with England 591:Inner: Cupronickel 539:Queen Elizabeth II 491:Cupronickel (3:1) 450:Cupronickel (5:1) 412:Cupronickel (3:1) 348:Queen Elizabeth II 253:Queen Elizabeth II 69:one penny sterling 38: 10559: 10558: 10462: 10461: 10241:Lloyd's of London 9952: 9951: 9924:Industrialisation 9838:Industrialisation 9621: 9620: 9550:COVID-19 pandemic 9470:1815–46 Corn Laws 9221: 9220: 9137: 9136: 9074: 9073: 9031:Quarter sovereign 8935:Half guinea (10/6 8805:Three halfpence ( 8207:"Two Bob Trouble" 8177:on 29 March 2007. 8132:on 19 April 2010. 7995:, 31 March 2016, 7944:. The Royal Mint. 7619:, 9 February 2009 7370:978-0-571-22992-5 7238:. 3 December 2018 7210:"Mintage Figures" 6962: 6961: 6954: 6771:Crown of the Rose 6545: 6544: 6273:Holy Roman Empire 5910: 5909: 5612:Monarch's profile 5394: 5393: 5222:Quarter farthing 3544:Double sovereign 3288: 3287: 3111:Plain (12-sided) 2973:Various Monarchs 2441:double sovereigns 2382: 2381: 2238:(£100), 2015–2016 2210:Twenty-five pence 2107: 2106: 2000:alongside a Lion 1893:St Edward's Crown 1679:Virginia Ironside 1612:bound by a crown. 1506:(1998–2015), and 1504:Ian Rank-Broadley 1488:Monarch's profile 1468:twenty-five pence 1319:Updates 1982–1998 1203:, 1971–2007: The 1085:, resulting in a 944:From the time of 866: 865: 768:Twenty-five pence 621: 620: 455:Reuleaux heptagon 201:, translates to " 177:, translates to " 141:equilateral curve 10599: 10549: 10548: 10539: 10538: 10498:Co-operatives UK 10088:Hydroelectricity 10063:Renewable energy 10045: 10044: 9929:Renewable energy 9910: 9858:Renewable energy 9646:Atlantic Gateway 9634: 9633: 9465:Panic of 1796–97 9435: 9434: 9248: 9241: 9234: 9225: 9224: 9183:Falkland Islands 9164: 9157: 9150: 9141: 9140: 9124:Coins of Ireland 9119:Scottish coinage 9114:Old Head coinage 9089: 9046:Double sovereign 8975: 8974: 8964:Five pounds (£5) 8823: 8821: 8820: 8817: 8814: 8810: 8787: 8785: 8784: 8781: 8778: 8763: 8761: 8760: 8757: 8754: 8739: 8737: 8736: 8733: 8730: 8710: 8708: 8707: 8704: 8701: 8695:Third farthing ( 8681: 8679: 8678: 8675: 8672: 8607: 8605: 8604: 8601: 8598: 8579:Sterling coinage 8572: 8565: 8558: 8549: 8548: 8491: 8490: 8488: 8486: 8466: 8460: 8459: 8448: 8437: 8436: 8434: 8432: 8415:Chalmers, Robert 8411: 8405: 8404: 8393: 8387: 8386: 8379: 8373: 8372: 8365: 8359: 8358: 8351: 8345: 8344: 8342: 8340: 8317: 8311: 8310: 8308: 8306: 8292: 8286: 8285: 8283: 8281: 8267: 8261: 8255: 8249: 8242: 8236: 8235: 8233: 8224: 8215: 8214: 8205:(7 April 2008). 8199: 8193: 8192: 8185: 8179: 8178: 8173:. Archived from 8167: 8161: 8160: 8140: 8134: 8133: 8122: 8116: 8115: 8104: 8098: 8097: 8095: 8093: 8084:. Archived from 8074: 8068: 8067: 8065: 8063: 8044: 8038: 8037: 8035: 8033: 8028:on 22 April 2009 8024:. Archived from 8014: 8008: 8007: 8006: 8004: 7985: 7979: 7978: 7966: 7960: 7959: 7958:. 27 March 2016. 7952: 7946: 7945: 7938: 7932: 7931: 7920: 7914: 7913: 7906: 7900: 7899: 7897: 7895: 7878: 7872: 7871: 7864: 7858: 7857: 7850: 7844: 7843: 7836: 7830: 7829: 7828:. 31 March 2016. 7816: 7810: 7809: 7807: 7805: 7794:BBC Health Check 7785: 7779: 7778: 7776: 7774: 7755: 7749: 7748: 7746: 7744: 7735:. Archived from 7729: 7723: 7722: 7720: 7718: 7709:. Archived from 7703: 7697: 7696: 7694: 7692: 7672: 7666: 7649: 7638: 7637: 7626: 7620: 7603: 7597: 7584: 7578: 7577: 7575: 7573: 7554: 7541: 7540: 7538: 7536: 7521: 7515: 7502: 7496: 7495: 7490:. Archived from 7484:"Corporate FAQs" 7480: 7474: 7473: 7471: 7469: 7452: 7446: 7436: 7430: 7412: 7406: 7395: 7389: 7378: 7372: 7358:Levenson, Thomas 7355: 7346: 7329:Kleer, Richard. 7327: 7321: 7320: 7309: 7303: 7302: 7297: 7295: 7276: 7270: 7269: 7264:. Archived from 7254: 7248: 7247: 7245: 7243: 7228: 7222: 7221: 7206: 7200: 7199: 7197: 7195: 7190:on 13 April 2020 7186:. Archived from 7176: 7170: 7169: 7167: 7165: 7146: 7140: 7139: 7128: 7122: 7121: 7119: 7117: 7094: 7042: 7037: 7036: 7035: 7028: 7023: 7022: 7021: 7014: 7009: 7008: 7007: 6957: 6950: 6946: 6943: 6937: 6914: 6906: 6884: 6883:DECUS ET TUTAMEN 6870: 6856: 6842: 6820: 6810: 6792: 6778: 6760: 6734: 6718: 6716: 6715: 6712: 6709: 6702: 6700: 6699: 6696: 6693: 6685:quarter farthing 6675: 6673: 6672: 6669: 6666: 6659: 6657: 6656: 6653: 6650: 6636: 6634: 6633: 6630: 6627: 6620: 6618: 6617: 6614: 6611: 6589: 6587: 6586: 6583: 6580: 6573: 6572: 6568: 6565: 6533: 6517: 6502: 6486: 6471: 6455: 6440: 6432: 6420: 6409:Empress of India 6401: 6386: 6371: 6355: 6347: 6330: 6315: 6300: 6261: 6246: 6230: 6210: 6195: 6180: 6164: 6149: 6132: 6117: 6097: 6081: 6065: 6049: 6033: 6006: 5988: 5968: 5964: 5961: 5898: 5883: 5865: 5844: 5829: 5814: 5799: 5784: 5769: 5754: 5739: 5724: 5709: 5685: 5670: 5665: 5650: 5623: 5622: 5582: 5581: 5578: 5577: 5574: 5571: 5559: 5558: 5555: 5554: 5551: 5548: 5545: 5542: 5539: 5506: 5505: 5502: 5501: 5498: 5495: 5492: 5489: 5486: 5483: 5474: 5473: 5470: 5469: 5466: 5463: 5460: 5457: 5454: 5451: 5387: 5386: 5382: 5376: 5375: 5371: 5365: 5364: 5360: 5354: 5353: 5349: 5343: 5342: 5338: 5332: 5331: 5327: 5321: 5320: 5316: 5310: 5309: 5305: 5299: 5298: 5294: 5288: 5287: 5283: 5277: 5276: 5272: 5266: 5265: 5261: 5255: 5254: 5250: 5244: 5243: 5239: 5233: 5232: 5228: 5217: 5216: 5212: 5209: 5199: 5198: 5194: 5188: 5187: 5183: 5177: 5176: 5172: 5166: 5165: 5161: 5155: 5154: 5150: 5144: 5143: 5139: 5133: 5132: 5128: 5122: 5121: 5117: 5111: 5110: 5106: 5100: 5099: 5095: 5089: 5088: 5084: 5078: 5077: 5073: 5067: 5066: 5062: 5056: 5055: 5051: 5037: 5036: 5032: 5029: 5019: 5018: 5014: 5008: 5007: 5003: 4997: 4996: 4992: 4986: 4985: 4981: 4975: 4974: 4970: 4964: 4963: 4959: 4953: 4952: 4948: 4942: 4941: 4937: 4931: 4930: 4926: 4920: 4919: 4915: 4909: 4908: 4904: 4898: 4897: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4882: 4859: 4858: 4854: 4848: 4847: 4843: 4837: 4836: 4832: 4826: 4825: 4821: 4815: 4814: 4810: 4804: 4803: 4799: 4793: 4792: 4788: 4782: 4781: 4777: 4771: 4770: 4766: 4760: 4759: 4755: 4749: 4748: 4744: 4738: 4737: 4733: 4707: 4706: 4702: 4696: 4695: 4691: 4685: 4684: 4680: 4674: 4673: 4669: 4663: 4662: 4658: 4652: 4651: 4647: 4641: 4640: 4636: 4630: 4629: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4614: 4608: 4607: 4603: 4597: 4596: 4592: 4563: 4562: 4558: 4552: 4551: 4547: 4541: 4540: 4536: 4530: 4529: 4525: 4519: 4518: 4514: 4508: 4507: 4503: 4497: 4496: 4492: 4486: 4485: 4481: 4475: 4474: 4470: 4464: 4463: 4459: 4427: 4426: 4422: 4416: 4415: 4411: 4405: 4404: 4400: 4394: 4393: 4389: 4383: 4382: 4378: 4372: 4371: 4367: 4361: 4360: 4356: 4350: 4349: 4345: 4339: 4338: 4334: 4305: 4304: 4300: 4297: 4287: 4286: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4271: 4265: 4264: 4260: 4254: 4253: 4249: 4243: 4242: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4227: 4221: 4220: 4216: 4210: 4209: 4205: 4173: 4172: 4168: 4165: 4155: 4154: 4150: 4144: 4143: 4139: 4133: 4132: 4128: 4122: 4121: 4117: 4111: 4110: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4095: 4089: 4088: 4084: 4043: 4042: 4038: 4032: 4031: 4027: 4021: 4020: 4016: 4010: 4009: 4005: 3999: 3998: 3994: 3988: 3987: 3983: 3939: 3938: 3934: 3928: 3927: 3923: 3917: 3916: 3912: 3906: 3905: 3901: 3895: 3894: 3890: 3858: 3857: 3853: 3850: 3840: 3839: 3835: 3832: 3825: 3824: 3820: 3817: 3807: 3806: 3802: 3796: 3795: 3791: 3785: 3784: 3780: 3774: 3773: 3769: 3728: 3727: 3723: 3720: 3707: 3706: 3702: 3696: 3695: 3691: 3685: 3684: 3680: 3627: 3626: 3622: 3616: 3615: 3611: 3555: 3554: 3550: 3497: 3496: 3492: 3489: 3472:Quarter farthing 3374:Double sovereign 3360: 3354: 3351: 3350: 3346: 3343: 3337: 3336: 3332: 3303: 3302: 3298: 3277: 3250: 3221: 3194: 3150: 3104: 3066: 3038: 3020: 3019: 3015: 2990: 2969: 2968: 2964: 2922: 2921: 2903: 2902: 2898: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2877: 2876: 2872: 2823:word for pound, 2772:quarter farthing 2703:Half crown, 1953 2654:Falkland Islands 2639:Tristan da Cunha 2543: 2542: 2538: 2533: 2532: 2528: 2523: 2522: 2518: 2508:Britannia silver 2487: 2486: 2482: 2477: 2476: 2472: 2467: 2466: 2462: 2242: 2241: 2232:(£50), 2015–2016 2196:King Charles III 2065:15 October 2017 1935:Crowned Thistle 1845: 1844: 1832: 1778:tree leaves and 1753:King Charles III 1738: 1734: 1698:any time soon". 1548: 1544: 1528: 1423: 1422: 1418: 1415: 1300: 1296: 1281: 1280: 1276: 1228:royally crowned. 1179: 1178: 1174: 1129: 1128: 1124: 999:Royal Mint Court 982:grains in 1527. 981: 980: 976: 924: 923: 919: 916: 903:Scottish coinage 701: 700: 670:Trial of the Pyx 646: 643: 637: 634: 519:King Charles III 213: 212: 200: 176: 10607: 10606: 10602: 10601: 10600: 10598: 10597: 10596: 10562: 10561: 10560: 10555: 10527: 10470: 10468: 10458: 10366:Pharmaceuticals 10279: 10194:Baltic Exchange 10185: 10178: 10050: 10036: 9958: 9948: 9904: 9882: 9809: 9791: 9784: 9629: 9627: 9617: 9613:Nationalisation 9566: 9424: 9319:Bank of England 9311: 9309: 9303: 9257: 9252: 9222: 9217: 9174: 9172:British coinage 9168: 9138: 9133: 9109:Jubilee coinage 9087: 9070: 9014: 8973: 8949:Guinea (£1/1/–) 8897:Half crown (2/6 8818: 8815: 8812: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8782: 8779: 8776: 8775: 8773: 8758: 8755: 8752: 8751: 8749: 8734: 8731: 8728: 8727: 8725: 8724:Half farthing ( 8705: 8702: 8699: 8698: 8696: 8676: 8673: 8670: 8669: 8667: 8652: 8602: 8599: 8596: 8595: 8593: 8581: 8576: 8500: 8495: 8494: 8484: 8482: 8467: 8463: 8450: 8449: 8440: 8430: 8428: 8412: 8408: 8395: 8394: 8390: 8381: 8380: 8376: 8367: 8366: 8362: 8353: 8352: 8348: 8338: 8336: 8318: 8314: 8304: 8302: 8294: 8293: 8289: 8279: 8277: 8269: 8268: 8264: 8256: 8252: 8246:Pierre Blondeau 8243: 8239: 8231: 8225: 8218: 8200: 8196: 8187: 8186: 8182: 8169: 8168: 8164: 8157: 8141: 8137: 8124: 8123: 8119: 8106: 8105: 8101: 8091: 8089: 8088:on 30 June 2010 8076: 8075: 8071: 8061: 8059: 8046: 8045: 8041: 8031: 8029: 8016: 8015: 8011: 8002: 8000: 7993:Royal Mint Blog 7987: 7986: 7982: 7967: 7963: 7954: 7953: 7949: 7940: 7939: 7935: 7922: 7921: 7917: 7908: 7907: 7903: 7893: 7891: 7888:TheGuardian.com 7879: 7875: 7866: 7865: 7861: 7852: 7851: 7847: 7838: 7837: 7833: 7825:TheGuardian.com 7818: 7817: 7813: 7803: 7801: 7786: 7782: 7772: 7770: 7757: 7756: 7752: 7742: 7740: 7739:on 10 July 2014 7731: 7730: 7726: 7716: 7714: 7713:on 14 July 2011 7705: 7704: 7700: 7690: 7688: 7685:The Independent 7673: 7669: 7659:Wayback Machine 7650: 7641: 7628: 7627: 7623: 7617:Birmingham Post 7613:Wayback Machine 7604: 7600: 7594:Wayback Machine 7585: 7581: 7571: 7569: 7568:on 25 June 2009 7556: 7555: 7544: 7534: 7532: 7522: 7518: 7512:Wayback Machine 7503: 7499: 7482: 7481: 7477: 7467: 7465: 7453: 7449: 7437: 7433: 7427:Wayback Machine 7413: 7409: 7396: 7392: 7379: 7375: 7356: 7349: 7339:Wayback Machine 7328: 7324: 7311: 7310: 7306: 7293: 7291: 7278: 7277: 7273: 7256: 7255: 7251: 7241: 7239: 7230: 7229: 7225: 7208: 7207: 7203: 7193: 7191: 7178: 7177: 7173: 7163: 7161: 7148: 7147: 7143: 7130: 7129: 7125: 7115: 7113: 7095: 7091: 7086: 7038: 7033: 7031: 7024: 7019: 7017: 7010: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6966:coin collectors 6958: 6947: 6941: 6938: 6927: 6915: 6904: 6882: 6875:. Motto of the 6868: 6854: 6849:Oliver Cromwell 6840: 6818: 6808: 6790: 6776: 6758: 6732: 6725: 6713: 6710: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6697: 6694: 6691: 6690: 6688: 6670: 6667: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6654: 6651: 6648: 6647: 6645: 6631: 6628: 6625: 6624: 6622: 6615: 6612: 6609: 6608: 6606: 6584: 6581: 6578: 6577: 6575: 6570: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558:three halfpence 6550: 6531: 6515: 6500: 6484: 6469: 6453: 6438: 6430: 6418: 6399: 6384: 6369: 6353: 6345: 6328: 6313: 6298: 6259: 6244: 6228: 6208: 6193: 6178: 6162: 6147: 6130: 6115: 6095: 6079: 6063: 6047: 6031: 6018:Used after the 6004: 5996:Lord of Ireland 5982: 5959: 5943: 5698: 5614: 5568: 5564: 5536: 5532: 5480: 5476: 5448: 5444: 5423:for a pound. A 5407: 5384: 5380: 5379: 5373: 5369: 5368: 5362: 5358: 5357: 5351: 5347: 5346: 5340: 5336: 5335: 5329: 5325: 5324: 5318: 5314: 5313: 5307: 5303: 5302: 5296: 5292: 5291: 5285: 5281: 5280: 5274: 5270: 5269: 5263: 5259: 5258: 5252: 5248: 5247: 5241: 5237: 5236: 5230: 5226: 5225: 5214: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5196: 5192: 5191: 5185: 5181: 5180: 5174: 5170: 5169: 5163: 5159: 5158: 5152: 5148: 5147: 5141: 5137: 5136: 5130: 5126: 5125: 5119: 5115: 5114: 5108: 5104: 5103: 5097: 5093: 5092: 5086: 5082: 5081: 5075: 5071: 5070: 5064: 5060: 5059: 5053: 5049: 5048: 5045:Third farthing 5034: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5016: 5012: 5011: 5005: 5001: 5000: 4994: 4990: 4989: 4983: 4979: 4978: 4972: 4968: 4967: 4961: 4957: 4956: 4950: 4946: 4945: 4939: 4935: 4934: 4928: 4924: 4923: 4917: 4913: 4912: 4906: 4902: 4901: 4895: 4891: 4890: 4884: 4880: 4879: 4856: 4852: 4851: 4845: 4841: 4840: 4834: 4830: 4829: 4823: 4819: 4818: 4812: 4808: 4807: 4801: 4797: 4796: 4790: 4786: 4785: 4779: 4775: 4774: 4768: 4764: 4763: 4757: 4753: 4752: 4746: 4742: 4741: 4735: 4731: 4730: 4704: 4700: 4699: 4693: 4689: 4688: 4682: 4678: 4677: 4671: 4667: 4666: 4660: 4656: 4655: 4649: 4645: 4644: 4638: 4634: 4633: 4627: 4623: 4622: 4616: 4612: 4611: 4605: 4601: 4600: 4594: 4590: 4589: 4560: 4556: 4555: 4549: 4545: 4544: 4538: 4534: 4533: 4527: 4523: 4522: 4516: 4512: 4511: 4505: 4501: 4500: 4494: 4490: 4489: 4483: 4479: 4478: 4472: 4468: 4467: 4461: 4457: 4456: 4424: 4420: 4419: 4413: 4409: 4408: 4402: 4398: 4397: 4391: 4387: 4386: 4380: 4376: 4375: 4369: 4365: 4364: 4358: 4354: 4353: 4347: 4343: 4342: 4336: 4332: 4331: 4302: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4284: 4280: 4279: 4273: 4269: 4268: 4262: 4258: 4257: 4251: 4247: 4246: 4240: 4236: 4235: 4229: 4225: 4224: 4218: 4214: 4213: 4207: 4203: 4202: 4170: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4152: 4148: 4147: 4141: 4137: 4136: 4130: 4126: 4125: 4119: 4115: 4114: 4108: 4104: 4103: 4097: 4093: 4092: 4086: 4082: 4081: 4040: 4036: 4035: 4029: 4025: 4024: 4018: 4014: 4013: 4007: 4003: 4002: 3996: 3992: 3991: 3985: 3981: 3980: 3936: 3932: 3931: 3925: 3921: 3920: 3914: 3910: 3909: 3903: 3899: 3898: 3892: 3888: 3887: 3855: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3837: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3822: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3804: 3800: 3799: 3793: 3789: 3788: 3782: 3778: 3777: 3771: 3767: 3766: 3725: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3704: 3700: 3699: 3693: 3689: 3688: 3682: 3678: 3677: 3624: 3620: 3619: 3613: 3609: 3608: 3552: 3548: 3547: 3494: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3474: 3467: 3460: 3453: 3446: 3439: 3432: 3425: 3418: 3411: 3404: 3397: 3390: 3383: 3376: 3369: 3348: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3334: 3330: 3329: 3300: 3296: 3295: 3275: 3248: 3219: 3192: 3148: 3132: 3102: 3085: 3064: 3036: 3017: 3013: 3012: 2988: 2966: 2962: 2961: 2917: 2910: 2900: 2896: 2895: 2890: 2886: 2885: 2874: 2870: 2869: 2737: 2732: 2697: 2666:Gibraltar pound 2567: 2540: 2536: 2535: 2530: 2526: 2525: 2520: 2516: 2515: 2484: 2480: 2479: 2474: 2470: 2469: 2464: 2460: 2459: 2437:half sovereigns 2425: 2423:Bullion coinage 2406: 2393: 2387: 2175: 2123: 2118: 1840: 1830: 1806:£1 depicts two 1801:Atlantic salmon 1799:50p depicts an 1794:Atlantic puffin 1792:20p depicts an 1767:2p depicts the 1760:1p depicts the 1749: 1736: 1730: 1704: 1555: 1546: 1542: 1526: 1516:Martin Jennings 1500:Raphael Maklouf 1480: 1478:Obverse designs 1420: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1321: 1298: 1294: 1278: 1274: 1273: 1176: 1172: 1171: 1160: 1155: 1126: 1122: 1121: 1107:silver standard 1087:common currency 1050:Nine Years' War 1019: 991:Tower of London 978: 974: 973: 966:sterling silver 921: 917: 914: 912: 905: 895: 871: 715: 710: 708: 655: 650: 649: 644: 640: 635: 626: 592: 556: 399: 353: 308: 263:(2008–present) 259:Segment of the 258: 198: 174: 124: 115:Britannia coins 111:half sovereigns 107:gold sovereigns 24: 21: 12: 11: 5: 10605: 10595: 10594: 10589: 10584: 10579: 10574: 10557: 10556: 10554: 10553: 10543: 10532: 10529: 10528: 10526: 10525: 10520: 10515: 10510: 10505: 10500: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10480: 10474: 10472: 10464: 10463: 10460: 10459: 10457: 10456: 10455: 10454: 10453: 10452: 10447: 10437: 10427: 10422: 10417: 10416: 10415: 10410: 10400: 10399: 10398: 10393: 10388: 10383: 10375: 10374: 10373: 10368: 10363: 10358: 10348: 10346:Legal services 10343: 10338: 10337: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10300: 10299: 10298: 10287: 10285: 10281: 10280: 10278: 10277: 10276: 10275: 10265: 10260: 10255: 10250: 10245: 10244: 10243: 10233: 10228: 10226:Euronext.liffe 10223: 10218: 10213: 10212: 10211: 10206: 10196: 10190: 10188: 10180: 10179: 10177: 10176: 10175: 10174: 10169: 10161: 10160: 10159: 10158: 10157: 10152: 10147: 10139: 10138: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10112: 10111: 10110: 10105: 10100: 10095: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10075: 10070: 10055: 10053: 10042: 10038: 10037: 10035: 10034: 10029: 10028: 10027: 10017: 10012: 10011: 10010: 10005: 10000: 9990: 9989: 9988: 9978: 9973: 9971:Businesspeople 9968: 9962: 9960: 9954: 9953: 9950: 9949: 9947: 9946: 9941: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9921: 9916: 9911: 9898: 9892: 9890: 9884: 9883: 9881: 9880: 9875: 9870: 9865: 9860: 9855: 9850: 9845: 9840: 9835: 9830: 9825: 9819: 9817: 9811: 9810: 9808: 9807: 9802: 9796: 9794: 9786: 9785: 9783: 9782: 9777: 9772: 9767: 9765:Thames Gateway 9762: 9757: 9752: 9747: 9742: 9737: 9732: 9727: 9726: 9725: 9720: 9710: 9705: 9700: 9695: 9690: 9685: 9680: 9675: 9670: 9665: 9660: 9659: 9658: 9648: 9642: 9640: 9631: 9623: 9622: 9619: 9618: 9616: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9600: 9595: 9590: 9585: 9580: 9574: 9572: 9568: 9567: 9565: 9564: 9559: 9558: 9557: 9547: 9537: 9532: 9527: 9522: 9517: 9512: 9507: 9502: 9497: 9492: 9487: 9482: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9462: 9457: 9452: 9447: 9441: 9439: 9432: 9426: 9425: 9423: 9422: 9417: 9412: 9407: 9406: 9405: 9400: 9393:Pound sterling 9390: 9385: 9384: 9383: 9378: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9332: 9331: 9326: 9315: 9313: 9305: 9304: 9302: 9301: 9296: 9291: 9286: 9284:FTSE 250 Index 9281: 9279:FTSE 100 Index 9276: 9271: 9265: 9263: 9259: 9258: 9251: 9250: 9243: 9236: 9228: 9219: 9218: 9216: 9215: 9213:United Kingdom 9210: 9205: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9185: 9179: 9176: 9175: 9167: 9166: 9159: 9152: 9144: 9135: 9134: 9132: 9131: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9106: 9101: 9096: 9091: 9082: 9080: 9076: 9075: 9072: 9071: 9069: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9036:Half sovereign 9033: 9028: 9022: 9020: 9016: 9015: 9013: 9012: 9007: 9002: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8981: 8979: 8972: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8946: 8944:Sovereign (£1) 8941: 8932: 8927: 8922: 8913: 8908: 8903: 8894: 8889: 8875: 8873:Shilling (1/–) 8870: 8861: 8852: 8843: 8834: 8829:(Ceylon & 8802: 8793: 8769: 8745: 8721: 8692: 8662: 8660: 8654: 8653: 8651: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8589: 8587: 8586:Decimal system 8583: 8582: 8575: 8574: 8567: 8560: 8552: 8546: 8545: 8539: 8533: 8527: 8521: 8511: 8506: 8499: 8498:External links 8496: 8493: 8492: 8461: 8438: 8423:. London, UK: 8406: 8388: 8374: 8360: 8346: 8312: 8287: 8262: 8250: 8237: 8216: 8194: 8180: 8162: 8155: 8135: 8117: 8099: 8069: 8039: 8009: 7980: 7961: 7947: 7933: 7915: 7901: 7873: 7859: 7845: 7831: 7811: 7780: 7750: 7724: 7698: 7667: 7639: 7621: 7598: 7579: 7542: 7516: 7497: 7475: 7447: 7431: 7407: 7390: 7373: 7347: 7322: 7304: 7271: 7262:The Royal Mint 7249: 7223: 7214:The Royal Mint 7201: 7171: 7141: 7123: 7088: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7081: 7080: 7075: 7073:Roman currency 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7044: 7043: 7029: 7015: 6999: 6996: 6960: 6959: 6918: 6916: 6909: 6903: 6900: 6899: 6898: 6880: 6866: 6852: 6838: 6816: 6806: 6788: 6774: 6756: 6724: 6721: 6642:third farthing 6549: 6546: 6543: 6542: 6540: 6534: 6528: 6527: 6524: 6518: 6512: 6511: 6509: 6503: 6497: 6496: 6493: 6487: 6481: 6480: 6478: 6472: 6466: 6465: 6462: 6456: 6450: 6449: 6447: 6441: 6435: 6434: 6427: 6421: 6415: 6414: 6411: 6402: 6396: 6395: 6393: 6387: 6381: 6380: 6378: 6372: 6366: 6365: 6362: 6356: 6350: 6349: 6334: 6331: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6316: 6310: 6309: 6307: 6301: 6295: 6294: 6279: 6262: 6256: 6255: 6253: 6247: 6241: 6240: 6237: 6231: 6225: 6224: 6221: 6211: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6196: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6181: 6175: 6174: 6171: 6165: 6159: 6158: 6156: 6150: 6144: 6143: 6139: 6133: 6127: 6126: 6124: 6118: 6112: 6111: 6108: 6098: 6092: 6091: 6088: 6082: 6076: 6075: 6072: 6066: 6060: 6059: 6056: 6050: 6044: 6043: 6040: 6034: 6028: 6027: 6016: 6007: 6001: 6000: 5998: 5989: 5987:FRANC D HYB(E) 5979: 5978: 5975: 5972: 5956:Offa of Mercia 5942: 5939: 5908: 5907: 5900: 5899: 5892: 5886: 5884: 5877: 5870: 5869: 5866: 5859: 5852: 5851: 5849: 5847: 5845: 5838: 5831: 5830: 5823: 5817: 5815: 5808: 5801: 5800: 5793: 5787: 5785: 5778: 5771: 5770: 5763: 5757: 5755: 5748: 5741: 5740: 5733: 5727: 5725: 5718: 5711: 5710: 5703: 5688: 5686: 5679: 5672: 5671: 5659: 5653: 5651: 5644: 5637: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5613: 5610: 5529:two and a kick 5440:threepenny bit 5406: 5403: 5392: 5391: 5388: 5377: 5366: 5355: 5344: 5333: 5322: 5311: 5300: 5289: 5278: 5267: 5256: 5245: 5234: 5223: 5219: 5218: 5203: 5200: 5189: 5178: 5167: 5156: 5145: 5134: 5123: 5112: 5101: 5090: 5079: 5068: 5057: 5046: 5042: 5041: 5038: 5023: 5020: 5009: 4998: 4987: 4976: 4965: 4954: 4943: 4932: 4921: 4910: 4899: 4888: 4877: 4876:Half farthing 4873: 4872: 4869: 4866: 4863: 4860: 4849: 4838: 4827: 4816: 4805: 4794: 4783: 4772: 4761: 4750: 4739: 4728: 4724: 4723: 4720: 4717: 4714: 4711: 4708: 4697: 4686: 4675: 4664: 4653: 4642: 4631: 4620: 4609: 4598: 4587: 4583: 4582: 4579: 4576: 4573: 4570: 4567: 4564: 4553: 4542: 4531: 4520: 4509: 4498: 4487: 4476: 4465: 4454: 4450: 4449: 4446: 4443: 4440: 4437: 4434: 4431: 4428: 4417: 4406: 4395: 4384: 4373: 4362: 4351: 4340: 4329: 4325: 4324: 4321: 4318: 4315: 4312: 4309: 4306: 4291: 4288: 4277: 4266: 4255: 4244: 4233: 4222: 4211: 4200: 4196: 4195: 4192: 4189: 4186: 4183: 4180: 4177: 4174: 4159: 4156: 4145: 4134: 4123: 4112: 4101: 4090: 4079: 4075: 4074: 4071: 4068: 4065: 4062: 4059: 4056: 4053: 4050: 4047: 4044: 4033: 4022: 4011: 4000: 3989: 3978: 3974: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3964: 3961: 3958: 3955: 3952: 3949: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3929: 3918: 3907: 3896: 3885: 3881: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3868: 3865: 3862: 3859: 3844: 3841: 3826: 3811: 3808: 3797: 3786: 3775: 3764: 3760: 3759: 3756: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3741: 3738: 3735: 3732: 3729: 3714: 3711: 3708: 3697: 3686: 3675: 3671: 3670: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3652: 3649: 3646: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3617: 3606: 3602: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3577: 3574: 3571: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3559: 3556: 3545: 3541: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3483: 3480: 3476: 3475: 3470: 3468: 3465:Third farthing 3463: 3461: 3456: 3454: 3449: 3447: 3442: 3440: 3435: 3433: 3428: 3426: 3421: 3419: 3414: 3412: 3407: 3405: 3400: 3398: 3393: 3391: 3386: 3384: 3379: 3377: 3372: 3370: 3365: 3363: 3286: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3256: 3255: 3252: 3245: 3243: 3242:32.31 mm 3240: 3234: 3227: 3226: 3223: 3216: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3200: 3199: 3196: 3189: 3186: 3185:23.60 mm 3183: 3174: 3167: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3152: 3145: 3143: 3142:19.41 mm 3140: 3137: 3129:King George VI 3126: 3119: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3082:King George VI 3079: 3072: 3071: 3068: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3051: 3044: 3043: 3040: 3033: 3031: 3030:25.48 mm 3028: 3022: 3005: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2985: 2983: 2982:20.19 mm 2980: 2974: 2971: 2954: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2909: 2906: 2832:Roman currency 2815:. The symbol " 2790: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2776: 2775: 2756: 2755: 2752: 2736: 2733: 2725:Pound sterling 2696: 2693: 2606:Alderney pound 2566: 2565:Non-UK coinage 2563: 2553:Queen's Beasts 2549:the Royal Mint 2429:gold sovereign 2424: 2421: 2405: 2402: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2366: 2360: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2345: 2339: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2323: 2320: 2314: 2313: 2310: 2304: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2287:38.61 mm 2285: 2282: 2277: 2271: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2240: 2239: 2233: 2227: 2221: 2213: 2183:Prince Charles 2174: 2171: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2105: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2075: 2074: 2071: 2067: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2037: 2028: 2027: 2024: 2020: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1994: 1985: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1960: 1959: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1938:23.59 mm 1936: 1933: 1928: 1919: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1877: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1839: 1836: 1835: 1834: 1811: 1804: 1797: 1790: 1785:10p depicts a 1783: 1772: 1765: 1762:hazel dormouse 1748: 1745: 1703: 1700: 1681:, daughter of 1621: 1620: 1613: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1554: 1551: 1479: 1476: 1447:A circulating 1373: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1361:Additionally: 1359: 1358: 1348: 1339: 1320: 1317: 1297:(singular) or 1246: 1245: 1235: 1229: 1219: 1198: 1188: 1164:decimalisation 1159: 1158:Decimalisation 1156: 1154: 1151: 1139:Maundy coinage 1018: 1015: 1007:Scottish coins 927:Offa of Mercia 894: 891: 870: 867: 864: 863: 860: 857: 853: 852: 849: 846: 838: 837: 834: 831: 823: 822: 819: 816: 808: 807: 804: 801: 793: 792: 789: 786: 778: 777: 774: 771: 763: 762: 759: 756: 748: 747: 744: 741: 733: 732: 729: 726: 718: 717: 712: 705: 654: 651: 648: 647: 638: 623: 622: 619: 618: 615: 609: 608: 605: 601: 600: 597: 594: 589: 586: 583: 580: 577: 569: 568: 567:28 March 2017 565: 558: 553: 550: 547: 544: 541: 536: 528: 527: 526:December 2022 524: 521: 515: 514: 511: 507: 506: 503: 499: 498: 495: 492: 489: 486: 483: 480: 477: 469: 468: 465: 461: 460: 457: 451: 448: 445: 442: 439: 436: 428: 427: 424: 421: 417: 416: 413: 410: 407: 404: 401: 396: 388: 387: 384: 381: 377: 376: 373: 370: 364: 361: 358: 355: 350: 345: 337: 336: 333: 330: 326: 325: 322: 319: 316: 313: 310: 305: 297: 296: 293: 290: 286: 285: 282: 279: 273: 270: 267: 264: 255: 250: 242: 241: 238: 235: 232: 229: 226: 223: 220: 217: 211: 210: 191: 186: 167: 154: 153: 150: 138: 135: 123: 120: 73:decimalisation 46:United Kingdom 22: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10604: 10593: 10590: 10588: 10585: 10583: 10580: 10578: 10575: 10573: 10570: 10569: 10567: 10552: 10544: 10542: 10534: 10533: 10530: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10475: 10473: 10471:organisations 10465: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10442: 10441: 10438: 10436: 10433: 10432: 10431: 10428: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10405: 10404: 10401: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10379: 10378: 10376: 10372: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10354: 10353: 10352: 10351:Manufacturing 10349: 10347: 10344: 10342: 10339: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10306: 10305: 10301: 10297: 10294: 10293: 10292: 10289: 10288: 10286: 10282: 10274: 10271: 10270: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10249: 10246: 10242: 10239: 10238: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10214: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10204:List of banks 10202: 10201: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10191: 10189: 10187: 10181: 10173: 10170: 10168: 10165: 10164: 10162: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10142: 10140: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10122: 10121: 10118: 10117: 10116: 10113: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10099: 10098:North Sea oil 10096: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10065: 10064: 10060: 10057: 10056: 10054: 10052: 10046: 10043: 10039: 10033: 10030: 10026: 10023: 10022: 10021: 10020:Trades unions 10018: 10016: 10013: 10009: 10006: 10004: 10001: 9999: 9996: 9995: 9994: 9991: 9987: 9984: 9983: 9982: 9979: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9963: 9961: 9955: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9937: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9912: 9908: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9893: 9891: 9889: 9885: 9879: 9876: 9874: 9871: 9869: 9866: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9826: 9824: 9821: 9820: 9818: 9816: 9812: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9797: 9795: 9793: 9787: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9728: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9715: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9657: 9656:Big City Plan 9654: 9653: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9643: 9641: 9639: 9635: 9632: 9624: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9608:Privatisation 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9589: 9588:Gold standard 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9575: 9573: 9569: 9563: 9560: 9556: 9553: 9552: 9551: 9548: 9545: 9541: 9538: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9526: 9523: 9521: 9518: 9516: 9515:1986 Big Bang 9513: 9511: 9508: 9506: 9503: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9488: 9486: 9483: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9461: 9458: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9442: 9440: 9438:Chronological 9436: 9433: 9431: 9427: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9396: 9395: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9373: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9321: 9320: 9317: 9316: 9314: 9306: 9300: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9270: 9269:Co-operatives 9267: 9266: 9264: 9260: 9256: 9249: 9244: 9242: 9237: 9235: 9230: 9229: 9226: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9180: 9177: 9173: 9165: 9160: 9158: 9153: 9151: 9146: 9145: 9142: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9084: 9083: 9081: 9077: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9023: 9021: 9017: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8982: 8980: 8978:Commemorative 8976: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8938: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8919: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8900: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8887: 8883: 8881: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8867: 8862: 8860: 8858: 8853: 8851: 8849: 8846:Threepence (3 8844: 8842: 8840: 8835: 8832: 8828: 8826: 8803: 8801: 8799: 8794: 8792: 8790: 8770: 8768: 8766: 8746: 8744: 8742: 8722: 8719: 8715: 8713: 8693: 8690: 8686: 8684: 8664: 8663: 8661: 8659: 8655: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8591: 8590: 8588: 8584: 8580: 8573: 8568: 8566: 8561: 8559: 8554: 8553: 8550: 8543: 8540: 8537: 8534: 8531: 8528: 8525: 8522: 8519: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8501: 8480: 8476: 8475:The Telegraph 8472: 8465: 8457: 8453: 8447: 8445: 8443: 8427:. p. 110 8426: 8422: 8421: 8416: 8410: 8402: 8398: 8392: 8384: 8378: 8370: 8364: 8356: 8350: 8335: 8331: 8327: 8323: 8316: 8301: 8297: 8291: 8276: 8272: 8266: 8260: 8254: 8247: 8241: 8230: 8223: 8221: 8212: 8208: 8204: 8198: 8190: 8184: 8176: 8172: 8166: 8158: 8156:9780674042438 8152: 8148: 8147: 8139: 8131: 8127: 8121: 8113: 8109: 8103: 8087: 8083: 8079: 8073: 8057: 8053: 8049: 8043: 8027: 8023: 8019: 8013: 7998: 7994: 7990: 7984: 7976: 7972: 7965: 7957: 7951: 7943: 7937: 7929: 7925: 7919: 7911: 7905: 7890: 7889: 7884: 7877: 7869: 7863: 7855: 7849: 7841: 7835: 7827: 7826: 7821: 7815: 7799: 7795: 7791: 7784: 7768: 7764: 7760: 7754: 7738: 7734: 7728: 7712: 7708: 7702: 7687: 7686: 7681: 7677: 7671: 7664: 7660: 7656: 7653: 7648: 7646: 7644: 7636: 7632: 7625: 7618: 7614: 7610: 7607: 7602: 7595: 7591: 7588: 7583: 7567: 7563: 7559: 7553: 7551: 7549: 7547: 7531: 7527: 7520: 7513: 7509: 7506: 7501: 7493: 7489: 7485: 7479: 7464: 7463: 7458: 7451: 7444: 7440: 7435: 7428: 7424: 7420: 7416: 7415:Newton, Isaac 7411: 7404: 7400: 7394: 7387: 7383: 7377: 7371: 7367: 7363: 7359: 7354: 7352: 7344: 7340: 7336: 7332: 7326: 7318: 7314: 7308: 7301: 7289: 7285: 7281: 7280:"Llantrisant" 7275: 7267: 7263: 7259: 7253: 7237: 7233: 7227: 7219: 7215: 7211: 7205: 7189: 7185: 7181: 7175: 7159: 7155: 7151: 7145: 7137: 7133: 7127: 7112: 7108: 7104: 7100: 7093: 7089: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7045: 7041: 7030: 7027: 7016: 7013: 7002: 6995: 6993: 6989: 6985: 6980: 6976: 6974: 6969: 6967: 6956: 6953: 6945: 6942:November 2023 6935: 6931: 6925: 6924: 6919:This section 6917: 6913: 6908: 6907: 6896: 6892: 6888: 6881: 6878: 6874: 6867: 6864: 6860: 6853: 6850: 6846: 6839: 6836: 6832: 6828: 6825:, during the 6824: 6817: 6814: 6807: 6804: 6801:37:22 in the 6800: 6796: 6789: 6786: 6782: 6775: 6772: 6768: 6764: 6757: 6754: 6750: 6746: 6742: 6738: 6731: 6730: 6729: 6720: 6686: 6681: 6679: 6643: 6638: 6604: 6603:half farthing 6599: 6597: 6593: 6559: 6554: 6541: 6538: 6535: 6530: 6529: 6525: 6522: 6519: 6514: 6513: 6510: 6507: 6504: 6499: 6498: 6494: 6491: 6488: 6483: 6482: 6479: 6476: 6473: 6468: 6467: 6463: 6460: 6457: 6452: 6451: 6448: 6445: 6442: 6437: 6436: 6428: 6425: 6422: 6417: 6416: 6412: 6410: 6406: 6403: 6398: 6397: 6394: 6391: 6388: 6383: 6382: 6379: 6376: 6373: 6368: 6367: 6363: 6360: 6357: 6352: 6351: 6343: 6339: 6338:Acts of Union 6335: 6332: 6327: 6326: 6323: 6320: 6317: 6312: 6311: 6308: 6305: 6302: 6297: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6284: 6280: 6278: 6274: 6271:Duke, of the 6270: 6266: 6263: 6258: 6257: 6254: 6251: 6248: 6243: 6242: 6238: 6235: 6232: 6227: 6226: 6222: 6219: 6215: 6212: 6207: 6206: 6203: 6200: 6197: 6192: 6191: 6188: 6185: 6182: 6177: 6176: 6172: 6169: 6166: 6161: 6160: 6157: 6154: 6151: 6146: 6145: 6140: 6137: 6134: 6129: 6128: 6125: 6122: 6119: 6114: 6113: 6109: 6106: 6102: 6099: 6094: 6093: 6089: 6086: 6083: 6078: 6077: 6073: 6070: 6067: 6062: 6061: 6057: 6054: 6051: 6046: 6045: 6041: 6038: 6035: 6030: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6015: 6011: 6008: 6003: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5993: 5990: 5986: 5981: 5980: 5976: 5973: 5970: 5969: 5963: 5957: 5947: 5938: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5918: 5915: 5906:2022–present 5905: 5902: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5878: 5875: 5872: 5871: 5864: 5860: 5857: 5854: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5839: 5836: 5833: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5809: 5806: 5803: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5779: 5776: 5773: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5749: 5746: 5743: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5719: 5716: 5713: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5701: 5696: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5680: 5677: 5674: 5673: 5669: 5664: 5660: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5645: 5642: 5639: 5638: 5635: 5633:Facing right 5632: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5609: 5607: 5603: 5598: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5562: 5557: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5504: 5472: 5442: 5441: 5436: 5435: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5421: 5416: 5412: 5398: 5389: 5378: 5367: 5356: 5345: 5334: 5323: 5312: 5301: 5290: 5279: 5268: 5257: 5246: 5235: 5224: 5221: 5220: 5204: 5201: 5190: 5179: 5168: 5157: 5146: 5135: 5124: 5113: 5102: 5091: 5080: 5069: 5058: 5047: 5044: 5043: 5039: 5024: 5021: 5010: 4999: 4988: 4977: 4966: 4955: 4944: 4933: 4922: 4911: 4900: 4889: 4878: 4875: 4874: 4870: 4867: 4864: 4861: 4850: 4839: 4828: 4817: 4806: 4795: 4784: 4773: 4762: 4751: 4740: 4729: 4726: 4725: 4721: 4718: 4715: 4712: 4709: 4698: 4687: 4676: 4665: 4654: 4643: 4632: 4621: 4610: 4599: 4588: 4585: 4584: 4580: 4577: 4574: 4571: 4568: 4565: 4554: 4543: 4532: 4521: 4510: 4499: 4488: 4477: 4466: 4455: 4452: 4451: 4447: 4444: 4441: 4438: 4435: 4432: 4429: 4418: 4407: 4396: 4385: 4374: 4363: 4352: 4341: 4330: 4327: 4326: 4322: 4319: 4316: 4313: 4310: 4307: 4292: 4289: 4278: 4267: 4256: 4245: 4234: 4223: 4212: 4201: 4198: 4197: 4193: 4190: 4187: 4184: 4181: 4178: 4175: 4160: 4157: 4146: 4135: 4124: 4113: 4102: 4091: 4080: 4077: 4076: 4072: 4069: 4066: 4063: 4060: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4034: 4023: 4012: 4001: 3990: 3979: 3976: 3975: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3962: 3959: 3956: 3953: 3950: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3930: 3919: 3908: 3897: 3886: 3883: 3882: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3845: 3842: 3827: 3812: 3809: 3798: 3787: 3776: 3765: 3762: 3761: 3757: 3754: 3751: 3748: 3745: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3698: 3687: 3676: 3673: 3672: 3668: 3665: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3650: 3647: 3644: 3641: 3638: 3635: 3632: 3629: 3618: 3607: 3604: 3603: 3599: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3546: 3543: 3542: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3526: 3523: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3466: 3462: 3459: 3458:Half farthing 3455: 3452: 3448: 3445: 3441: 3438: 3434: 3431: 3427: 3424: 3420: 3417: 3413: 3410: 3406: 3403: 3399: 3396: 3392: 3389: 3385: 3382: 3378: 3375: 3371: 3368: 3364: 3362: 3361: 3358: 3353: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3313: 3309: 3307: 3293: 3283: 3280: 3273: 3271:2.89 mm 3270: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3257: 3253: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3228: 3224: 3217: 3215:1.85 mm 3214: 3212:28.5 mm 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3201: 3197: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3168: 3164: 3156: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3130: 3124: 3121: 3120: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3108:Nickel-brass 3107: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3088: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3074: 3073: 3069: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3045: 3041: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3023: 3010: 3007: 3006: 3002: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2978: 2975: 2959: 2956: 2955: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2942: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2925:Denomination 2924: 2923: 2920: 2915: 2908:Denominations 2905: 2883: 2882: 2878: G) and 2867: 2866: 2861: 2860: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2805: 2800: 2799: 2793: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2780: 2779: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2764:half farthing 2761: 2760: 2759: 2753: 2750: 2749: 2748: 2746: 2742: 2730: 2726: 2717: 2709: 2701: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2664:— namely the 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2642: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2623: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2608:for details.) 2607: 2603: 2599: 2593: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2571: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2556:bullion coins 2554: 2550: 2545: 2513: 2509: 2504: 2502: 2498: 2493: 2491: 2457: 2453: 2448: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2410: 2401: 2398: 2392: 2378:62.86 g 2377: 2375:40.0 mm 2374: 2371: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2361: 2354: 2352:34.0 mm 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2340: 2336: 2328:15.71 g 2327: 2322:27.0 mm 2321: 2319: 2316: 2315: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2305: 2301: 2293:28.28 g 2290:2.89 mm 2281: 2276: 2273: 2272: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2224:Twenty pounds 2222: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2207: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2197: 2188: 2184: 2179: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2160: 2154: 2152: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2134: 2132: 2128: 2113: 2110: 2102: 2099: 2097:Nickel-brass 2096: 2094:15.98 g 2093: 2090: 2088:28.4 mm 2087: 2084: 2082: 2081: 2077: 2076: 2072: 2070:Royal Shield 2069: 2068: 2061: 2056:Nickel-brass 2050:3.15 mm 2047:22.5 mm 2043: 2041: 2035: 2034: 2029: 2025: 2022: 2021: 2014: 2003:30.0 mm 1999: 1995: 1992: 1991: 1986: 1982: 1980:11.31 g 1979: 1977:1.85 mm 1976: 1974:28.5 mm 1973: 1971:Crowned Lion 1970: 1967: 1966: 1962: 1961: 1957: 1949: 1943: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1926: 1925: 1921: 1920: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1897:17.4 mm 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1883: 1879: 1878: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1848:Denomination 1847: 1846: 1843: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1809: 1805: 1802: 1798: 1795: 1791: 1788: 1784: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1770: 1766: 1763: 1759: 1758: 1757: 1754: 1747:2023 redesign 1744: 1742: 1733: 1728: 1723: 1721: 1720:Antony Dufort 1717: 1712: 1708: 1699: 1697: 1693: 1692: 1686: 1684: 1680: 1675: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1662: 1658: 1653: 1651: 1647: 1641: 1639: 1635: 1629: 1627: 1618: 1614: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1579: 1577: 1568: 1564: 1559: 1553:2008 redesign 1550: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1524: 1519: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1502:(1985–1997), 1501: 1498:(1968–1984), 1497: 1496:Arnold Machin 1493: 1489: 1485: 1475: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1460: 1457: 1453: 1450: 1445: 1441: 1439: 1438:commemorative 1433: 1431: 1427: 1426:double florin 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1392: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1362: 1356: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1345: 1340: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1326: 1325: 1324: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1308: 1304: 1291: 1289: 1285: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1243: 1240:, 1969–2007: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1230: 1227: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1213: 1210: 1207:: a plume of 1206: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1183: 1182: 1181: 1169: 1165: 1150: 1147: 1142: 1140: 1136: 1131: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1111:gold standard 1109:to its first 1108: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1047: 1042: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1027:hand-hammered 1023: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 983: 970: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 942: 940: 936: 932: 928: 910: 904: 900: 890: 888: 884: 880: 876: 861: 858: 855: 854: 850: 847: 845: 844: 840: 839: 835: 832: 830: 829: 825: 824: 820: 817: 815: 814: 810: 809: 805: 802: 800: 799: 795: 794: 790: 787: 785: 784: 780: 779: 775: 772: 770: 769: 765: 764: 760: 757: 755: 754: 750: 749: 745: 742: 740: 739: 735: 734: 730: 727: 725: 724: 720: 719: 713: 706: 704:Denomination 703: 702: 699: 696: 692: 689: 685: 681: 679: 676:on behalf of 675: 671: 666: 664: 660: 642: 633: 631: 629: 624: 616: 614: 611: 610: 606: 603: 602: 598: 582:28.4 mm 578: 576: 575: 570: 566: 563: 559: 554: 551: 548: 545: 542: 540: 535: 534: 530: 529: 525: 522: 520: 517: 516: 512: 509: 508: 504: 501: 500: 496: 485:1.78 mm 482:27.3 mm 478: 476: 475: 470: 466: 463: 462: 458: 456: 441:21.4 mm 437: 435: 434: 429: 425: 422: 420:2.05 mm 419: 418: 414: 411: 406:1.85 mm 405: 403:24.5 mm 395: 394: 389: 385: 382: 380:1.89 mm 379: 378: 374: 368: 365: 359: 349: 344: 343: 338: 334: 331: 329:2.03 mm 328: 327: 323: 320: 315:1.85 mm 314: 312:25.9 mm 304: 303: 298: 294: 291: 289:1.65 mm 288: 287: 283: 277: 274: 269:1.52 mm 268: 266:20.3 mm 262: 254: 249: 248: 243: 239: 236: 233: 230: 227: 224: 221: 218: 215: 214: 208: 204: 196: 192: 190: 187: 184: 180: 172: 168: 166: 163: 162: 161: 159: 151: 149: 145: 142: 139: 136: 133: 132:copper-plated 129: 128: 127: 119: 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 95: 93: 89: 84: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 59: 55: 51: 47: 43: 35: 30: 26: 19: 10420:Supermarkets 10386:Construction 10381:Architecture 10216:Canary Wharf 10049:Resource and 10032:Unemployment 10003:Minimum wage 9966:Billionaires 9863:Silicon Glen 9735:M11 Corridor 9402: 9212: 9171: 9010:Maundy money 8936: 8917: 8898: 8892:Florin (2/–) 8879: 8865: 8856: 8855:Fourpence (4 8847: 8838: 8824: 8797: 8788: 8764: 8740: 8711: 8682: 8578: 8524:Coin Designs 8483:. Retrieved 8474: 8464: 8455: 8429:. Retrieved 8419: 8409: 8400: 8391: 8377: 8363: 8349: 8339:10 September 8337:. Retrieved 8325: 8315: 8303:. Retrieved 8299: 8290: 8278:. Retrieved 8274: 8265: 8253: 8240: 8197: 8183: 8175:the original 8171:"Ask Oxford" 8165: 8145: 8138: 8130:the original 8120: 8102: 8090:. Retrieved 8086:the original 8081: 8072: 8060:. Retrieved 8051: 8042: 8030:. Retrieved 8026:the original 8021: 8012: 8001:, retrieved 7992: 7983: 7974: 7964: 7950: 7936: 7927: 7918: 7904: 7892:. Retrieved 7886: 7876: 7862: 7848: 7834: 7823: 7814: 7802:. Retrieved 7793: 7783: 7771:. Retrieved 7762: 7753: 7741:. Retrieved 7737:the original 7727: 7715:. Retrieved 7711:the original 7701: 7689:. Retrieved 7683: 7670: 7662: 7634: 7630: 7624: 7616: 7601: 7596:, Royal Mint 7582: 7572:15 September 7570:. Retrieved 7566:the original 7561: 7533:. Retrieved 7529: 7519: 7500: 7492:the original 7487: 7478: 7466:. Retrieved 7460: 7450: 7442: 7434: 7410: 7393: 7376: 7361: 7342: 7325: 7307: 7299: 7292:. Retrieved 7274: 7266:the original 7261: 7252: 7240:. Retrieved 7235: 7226: 7213: 7204: 7192:. Retrieved 7188:the original 7183: 7174: 7162:. Retrieved 7153: 7144: 7136:the original 7126: 7114:. Retrieved 7103:The Guardian 7102: 7092: 7058:Mark (money) 7012:Money portal 6981: 6977: 6970: 6963: 6948: 6939: 6928:Please help 6923:verification 6920: 6845:Protectorate 6752: 6726: 6703:of a penny, 6682: 6660:of a penny, 6639: 6621:of a penny, 6600: 6555: 6551: 6521:Elizabeth II 6506:Elizabeth II 6342:Britanniarum 6341: 5974:English text 5952: 5941:Regal titles 5919: 5911: 5889:Elizabeth II 5626:Facing left 5615: 5605: 5601: 5599: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5585: 5560: 5528: 5524: 5516: 5508: 5438: 5432: 5428: 5418: 5410: 5408: 3479:Five pounds 3356: 3325:legal tender 3314: 3310: 3289: 3237:Royal Shield 3188:1.7 mm 3098:2.5 mm 2943:Composition 2918: 2879: 2863: 2857: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2835: 2829: 2824: 2802: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2777: 2757: 2738: 2690: 2658:Saint Helena 2643: 2624: 2595: 2576: 2560: 2546: 2505: 2494: 2449: 2426: 2418: 2409:Maundy money 2407: 2404:Maundy money 2394: 2245:Denomination 2230:Fifty pounds 2204: 2200:Harry Potter 2192: 2168: 2155: 2135: 2125:Circulating 2124: 2111: 2108: 2078: 2031: 2009:13.5 g 2006:2.5 mm 1988: 1963: 1944:5.65 g 1941:1.7 mm 1922: 1903:1.78 g 1880: 1866:Composition 1841: 1769:red squirrel 1750: 1724: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1689: 1687: 1676: 1657:Welsh Dragon 1654: 1646:Matthew Dent 1642: 1630: 1622: 1576:Royal Shield 1572: 1563:Royal Shield 1537:, Queen and 1531:Elizabeth II 1520: 1492:Mary Gillick 1481: 1461: 1446: 1442: 1434: 1408:two shilling 1393: 1377:twenty pence 1374: 1360: 1342: 1328:Twenty pence 1322: 1313:Roman Empire 1305: 1292: 1262:two shilling 1258:one shilling 1247: 1161: 1143: 1132: 1119: 1095: 1089:for the new 1073:between the 1055:Isaac Newton 1043: 1024: 1020: 984: 971: 962:Tealby Penny 943: 906: 872: 841: 826: 811: 796: 783:Twenty pence 781: 766: 751: 736: 721: 697: 693: 690: 686: 682: 667: 656: 641: 585:2.5 mm 572: 552:8.75 g 549:2.8 mm 531: 472: 444:1.7 mm 433:Twenty pence 431: 391: 363:3.25 g 360:1.7 mm 340: 318:7.12 g 300: 272:3.56 g 245: 216:Denomination 179:Elizabeth II 165:Elizabeth II 155: 125: 103:Maundy money 96: 85: 39: 25: 18:Celtic coins 10396:Real estate 10120:Agriculture 9907:Cardiff Bay 9896:Agriculture 9853:Oil and gas 9828:Agriculture 9755:Silicon Fen 9730:M4 corridor 9723:London Plan 9544:Growth deal 9371:HM Treasury 9341:Company law 9310:governance, 9198:Isle of Man 8911:Crown (5/–) 8864:Sixpence (6 8837:Twopence (2 8831:West Indies 8772:Halfpenny ( 8431:15 November 8203:David Jones 7975:CostlyCoins 7743:1 September 7194:22 November 7116:10 February 6745:Elizabeth I 6592:West Indies 6537:Charles III 6459:Edward VIII 6234:William III 5922:Edward VIII 5904:Charles III 5856:Edward VIII 5700:William III 5525:half-dollar 5517:two-bob bit 4328:Threepence 3763:Half crown 3367:Five pounds 3268:38 mm 3181:or Scotland 3155:Cupronickel 3058:31 mm 3025:Golden Hind 2949:Introduced 2894: s or 2854:Netherlands 2729:Decimal Day 2612:Isle of Man 2495:Since 2013 2269:Introduced 2263:Composition 2216:Five pounds 2140:), 1992–3 ( 2127:fifty pence 2091:~3 mm 2053:9.5 g 1990:Fifty pence 1948:Cupronickel 1872:Introduced 1776:English oak 1774:5p depicts 1691:Der Spiegel 1650:post-modern 1529:, meaning " 1512:Charles III 1472:five pounds 1396:demonetised 1266:fifty pence 1238:Fifty pence 1146:cupronickel 1130:shillings. 1031:Elizabeth I 1003:Llantrisant 950:fine silver 946:Charlemagne 935:tower pound 931:Charlemagne 909:Carolingian 887:tower pound 753:Fifty pence 711:(millions) 678:HM Treasury 474:Fifty pence 409:6.5 g 367:Cupronickel 357:18 mm 240:Introduced 234:Composition 203:Charles III 189:Charles III 148:cupronickel 92:Llantrisant 10566:Categories 10450:High-speed 10445:Inter-city 10361:Automotive 10341:Healthcare 10329:Television 10319:Newspapers 10163:Materials 10078:Geothermal 10051:production 9993:Labour law 9976:Demography 9959:and labour 9740:Manchester 9651:Birmingham 9583:Free trade 9312:regulation 9088:(currency) 8748:Farthing ( 8658:£sd system 8520:'s website 8518:Royal Mint 8305:13 October 8082:fco.gov.uk 8052:fco.gov.uk 8022:fco.gov.uk 7894:12 October 7773:5 November 7663:Daily Post 7488:Royal Mint 7294:28 January 7284:Royal Mint 7084:References 6873:George III 6863:George III 6859:Charles II 6763:Henry VIII 6741:Henry VIII 6424:Edward VII 6375:William IV 6319:George III 6291:Henry VIII 6184:Charles II 6085:Henry VIII 6069:Henry VIII 5992:Edward III 5971:Latin text 5820:Edward VII 5790:William IV 5760:George III 5656:Charles II 5521:half-crown 4586:Halfpenny 3605:Sovereign 3430:Threepence 3395:Half crown 3231:Half crown 3136:1953–1971 3089:1953–1971 3076:Threepence 3009:Half penny 2952:Withdrawn 2937:Thickness 2904: G). 2616:Manx pound 2534:ounce and 2514:(31.1 g), 2512:troy ounce 2478:ounce and 2458:(31.1 g), 2456:troy ounce 2414:numismatic 2397:Royal Mint 2364:100 pounds 2355:31 g 2080:Two pounds 1924:Five pence 1900:1 mm 1882:Half Penny 1875:Withdrawn 1860:Thickness 1815:Tudor rose 1672:Union Flag 1508:Jody Clark 1449:bimetallic 1381:pound coin 1351:Two pounds 1332:Tudor Rose 1270:half penny 1250:five pence 1222:Five pence 1185:Half penny 1168:symbol "£" 1046:troy ounce 995:Tower Hill 987:Royal Mint 960:with the " 939:troy pound 897:See also: 862:4,643.658 813:Five pence 746:1,671.328 723:Two pounds 714:Face value 665:, below). 663:UK designs 659:Royal Mint 588:12 g 574:Two pounds 342:Five pence 261:Royal Arms 144:heptagonal 88:Royal Mint 65:symbol "£" 10467:Trade and 10430:Transport 10377:Property 10356:Aerospace 10291:Education 10236:Insurance 10184:Financial 10068:Biodiesel 9944:Transport 9873:Transport 9833:Edinburgh 9805:Transport 9780:Wiltshire 9775:Transport 9750:Sheffield 9708:Liverpool 9571:Recurrent 9398:Banknotes 9308:Currency, 9262:Companies 9188:Gibraltar 9170:Types of 9086:Sterling 9041:Sovereign 9026:Britannia 8886:Australia 8516:from the 8334:0362-4331 7535:1 October 7462:The Times 7111:0261-3077 6973:two pence 6855:BRITANNIA 6827:Civil War 6823:Charles I 6813:Charles I 6767:Edward VI 6737:Henry VII 6490:George VI 6475:George VI 6359:George IV 6304:George II 6121:Elizabeth 6053:Henry VII 6014:Aquitaine 5934:George VI 5930:abdicated 5891:1952–2022 5876:1936–1952 5874:George VI 5837:1910–1936 5822:1901–1910 5807:1837–1901 5792:1830–1837 5777:1820–1830 5775:George IV 5762:1760–1820 5747:1727–1760 5745:George II 5732:1714–1727 5717:1702–1714 5702:1694–1702 5697:1689–1694 5678:1685–1688 5658:1660–1685 5643:1653–1658 4727:Farthing 4078:Sixpence 3977:Shilling 3444:Halfpenny 3381:Sovereign 3131:1946–1952 3084:1937–1952 3054:Britannia 2934:Diameter 2747:, where: 2741:shillings 2662:Ascension 2650:Gibraltar 2497:Britannia 2452:Britannia 2348:Britannia 2343:50 pounds 2318:20 pounds 2257:Thickness 2131:two pound 2033:One Pound 1998:Britannia 1965:Ten pence 1857:Diameter 1716:Britannia 1668:Ian Lucas 1626:Britannia 1617:Britannia 1452:two pound 1299:NEW PENCE 1295:NEW PENNY 1288:two pence 1286:(1p) and 1254:ten pence 1252:(5p) and 1244:and lion. 1242:Britannia 1232:Ten pence 1214:within a 1201:Two pence 1191:One penny 1135:manganese 1039:Charles I 843:One penny 828:Two pence 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