196:
115:
17:
227:
169:
129:
80:
76:, the term "coal merchant" originally meant "the owner, or part owner, of an east-coast collier ; but in the eighteenth century the word was applied to all kinds of London coal traders, including small retailers", while the shipper came to be called a coal dealer, although the terms were "seldom applied consistently" in this period.
140:
Coal merchants in the railway era were typically small local businesses, although larger dealers did exist, and might buy their coal from a coal factor, also called a coal broker. According to John
Armstrong, in London there was a "rough implicit division" with coal consignments to individual local
36:
is the term used in the UK and other countries for a trader who sells coal and often delivers it to households. Coal merchants were once a major class of local business, but have declined in importance in many parts of the developed world due to the rise of alternative heating methods, including
434:
The total number of solid fuel consuming households in the United
Kingdom in 1975 was estimated to be 3·3 millions and the total solid fuel disposals to the domestic sector in the same year was 15·5 millions tons, giving an annual average of about 4·7 tons per solid fuel consuming
241:
in 2015, one commented "business was good but it wasn’t growing any more. With the introduction of natural gases to
Swindon and electric cookers, demand was slowing."
1058:
The
Deepdale Coal Concentration Depot in Preston was one of the last in the UK to receive coal by rail...1994...was the last year in which the train ran.
961:
334:
418:
1076:
192:. In 1962 the NCB and traders set up a Coal Trade Code and promoted an "Approved Coal Merchant" mark, which continues to exist as of 2022.
219:, with supply to UK coal merchants often switching to delivery by road from large "coal concentration depots" where coal was unloaded from
627:
195:
160:
it was common for deliveries to be done in summer when it was dry to stock up for winter to reduce dirt coming into the house.
1051:
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997:
937:
910:
883:
806:
749:
715:
682:
652:
602:
545:
518:
488:
461:
288:
172:
Smog in London from burning coal led to attempts to reduce consumption of coal, especially non-smokeless fuels, in the 1950s
447:
73:
779:
114:
953:
834:
772:
The Farmer, the Coal
Merchant, the Baker: A Personal Impression of the Development of the Gelderland Horse World
60:
The mass of coal homes burned was large; the UK government estimated in 1975 that the average household burning
1086:
16:
237:
Coal merchants have declined due to new heating methods. Explaining his decision to sell his business in
234:
Decline of rail shipment of coal generally led to the closure of concentration depots around the 1990s.
103:". The coal would then be transferred by cart or truck to local homes and businesses, sometimes into a
226:
1081:
1014:
927:
900:
873:
796:
699:
535:
304:
128:
1041:
987:
739:
642:
592:
508:
478:
451:
278:
184:" coal for consumer use so that higher quality coal could be exported or used elsewhere. The
168:
152:
from the back-breaking work of carrying the heavy sacks of coal. Liz
Barclay reports that in
983:
741:
Shipping on the Thames and the Port of London During the 1940s – 1980s: A Pictorial
History
504:
141:
coal merchants coming by railways while large power stations and factories, often near the
8:
177:
149:
875:
The
Architecture and Infrastructure of Britain's Railways: Northern England and Scotland
850:
537:
The
Industrial and Commercial Revolutions in Great Britain During the Nineteenth Century
389:
185:
95:, with coal delivered by train. Other possibilities were delivery by canal boat or by
1047:
1020:
993:
933:
906:
879:
830:
802:
775:
745:
711:
678:
648:
598:
541:
514:
484:
457:
363:
284:
212:
79:
208:
50:
87:
From the coming of the railways, coal merchants in the UK were typically based at
672:
569:
88:
38:
703:
189:
122:
96:
1070:
250:
216:
200:
619:
280:
Tracing Your Trade & Craftsman
Ancestors: A Guide for Family Historians
220:
157:
957:
668:
644:
Blimey, I'm Knackered!: An American's Survival Guide to British English
414:
153:
118:
92:
61:
42:
21:
181:
133:
104:
25:
99:, or direct sale from the colliery in areas close to one, known as "
798:
Inventing Pollution: Coal, Smoke, and Culture in Britain since 1800
108:
100:
46:
700:"From Shillibeer to Buchanan: Transport and the Urban Environment"
335:"Swindon's only remaining coal merchant to close after 114 years"
238:
223:. However, coal merchants often stayed trading in station yards.
1016:
Railways and Industry in the Western Valley: Newport to Aberbeeg
142:
28:, England, 1965. Office at centre, coal stores on the right.
594:
The Coal Mining Industry in Barnsley, Rotherham and Worksop
364:"The work of coalmen when coal was the nation's main fuel"
188:
attempted to switch UK consumption away from this towards
53:. The men who carried the coal to households were called
674:
Capital Cities at War: Paris, London, Berlin 1914-1919
176:
During the post-war austerity period the nationalised
765:
763:
761:
390:"Coal delivery to houses and flats mid-20th Century"
230:
Coal delivery lorry, Richmond, North Yorkshire, 1994
758:
510:The Castles on the Ground: The Anatomy of Suburbia
1068:
827:Black Gold: The History of How Coal Made Britain
677:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 348–349.
926:Brandon, David; Upham, Martin (30 March 2022).
902:Devon's Railways: North and East of the County
820:
818:
215:to individual railway stations as part of the
925:
744:. Pen and Sword Transport. pp. 96–100.
667:
357:
355:
83:Bill-card of a London coal merchant, c. 1830
815:
710:. Cambridge University Press. p. 233.
628:Institute of Historic Building Conservation
929:Ernest Marples: The Shadow Behind Beeching
774:. YouCaxton Publications. pp. 79–87.
540:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 251–252.
328:
326:
794:
697:
352:
932:. Pen and Sword Transport. p. 200.
898:
503:
225:
194:
167:
127:
113:
78:
15:
952:
871:
769:
533:
323:
20:Local coal merchant in a station yard,
1069:
1039:
982:
824:
737:
708:The Cambridge Urban History of Britain
361:
1077:Retailers by type of merchandise sold
1012:
617:
611:
534:Knowles, L. C. A. (3 November 2005).
483:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 44.
476:
453:The Rise of the British Coal Industry
413:
272:
270:
268:
266:
851:"approved coal & wood merchants"
671:; Robert, Jean-Louis (8 July 1999).
640:
590:
567:
332:
446:
276:
13:
795:Thorsheim, Peter (16 April 2018).
263:
163:
14:
1098:
1040:Rhodes, Mike (15 February 2023).
872:Bennett, Patrick (15 June 2018).
641:Hall, Marshall (31 August 2021).
387:
283:. Pen and Sword. pp. 46–51.
899:Mitchell, David (30 June 2022).
829:. William Collins. p. 266.
620:"Iron, glass and wood underfoot"
145:, received it by collier ship.
121:for unloading coal from trains,
1046:. Amberley Publishing Limited.
1033:
1006:
976:
946:
919:
892:
878:. Amberley Publishing Limited.
865:
843:
788:
731:
691:
661:
634:
597:. Amberley Publishing Limited.
591:Wain, Ken (15 September 2014).
584:
561:
527:
477:Yorke, Trevor (19 March 2020).
738:Batten, Malcolm (5 May 2022).
497:
470:
440:
407:
381:
297:
107:, a hatch leading down to the
64:used about 4.7 tons per year.
1:
647:(in Arabic). Imbrifex Books.
311:. Croxley Green History Group
309:Croxley Green History Project
256:
199:Approved Coal Merchant sign,
277:Emm, Adele (30 April 2015).
7:
1013:Hodge, John (31 May 2016).
244:
10:
1103:
570:"Glossary of Mining Terms"
67:
801:. Ohio University Press.
572:. Apedale Heritage Centre
456:. Routledge. p. 84.
853:. Solid Fuel Association
698:Armstrong, John (2000).
962:"Coal Depots (Closure)"
825:Paxman, Jeremy (2021).
180:promoted poor-quality "
231:
204:
173:
137:
125:
84:
29:
1087:Industrial Revolution
984:Thomas, David St John
770:Barclay, Liz (2016).
513:. Faber & Faber.
480:Tracing Lost Railways
229:
198:
171:
131:
117:
82:
19:
568:Boardman, E. Lloyd.
148:There was a risk of
992:. Frances Lincoln.
989:The Country Railway
986:(6 February 2014).
618:Cowan, Rob (2017).
450:(11 January 2013).
362:Martinelli, Terry.
178:National Coal Board
150:occupational injury
905:. Key Publishing.
507:(18 August 2011).
419:"Coal Consumption"
339:Swindon Advertiser
232:
205:
186:Clean Air Act 1956
174:
138:
126:
85:
30:
1053:978-1-3981-0889-9
1026:978-1-4738-7023-9
1019:. Pen and Sword.
999:978-1-78101-164-5
939:978-1-5267-6021-0
912:978-1-80282-119-2
885:978-1-4456-8140-5
808:978-0-8214-4627-0
751:978-1-3990-1843-2
717:978-0-521-41707-5
684:978-0-521-66814-9
654:978-1-945501-50-0
604:978-1-4456-3977-2
547:978-0-415-37918-2
520:978-0-571-28160-2
490:978-1-78442-372-8
463:978-1-136-23529-0
305:"Coal Deliveries"
290:978-1-4738-2362-4
213:wagonload freight
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417:(3 March 1977).
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209:British Railways
207:From the 1950s,
89:railway stations
51:electric heating
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1043:MGR Coal Trains
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704:Daunton, Martin
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333:Buckland, Eve.
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164:Post-war period
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39:central heating
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781:978-1911175285
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203:, London, 2005
190:smokeless fuel
165:
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123:Sowerby Bridge
69:
66:
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6:
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3:
2:
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1082:Coal industry
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251:Coal-tax post
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217:Beeching cuts
214:
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201:South Norwood
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72:According to
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52:
48:
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40:
35:
34:coal merchant
27:
23:
18:
1057:
1042:
1035:
1015:
1008:
988:
978:
966:. Retrieved
948:
928:
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901:
894:
874:
867:
855:. Retrieved
845:
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790:
771:
740:
733:
721:. Retrieved
707:
693:
673:
663:
643:
636:
623:
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593:
586:
574:. Retrieved
563:
551:. Retrieved
536:
529:
509:
499:
479:
472:
452:
442:
433:
426:. Retrieved
422:
409:
397:. Retrieved
394:1900s.org.uk
393:
388:Cryer, Pat.
383:
371:. Retrieved
368:1900s.org.uk
367:
342:. Retrieved
338:
313:. Retrieved
308:
299:
279:
236:
233:
221:block trains
206:
175:
147:
139:
97:collier ship
86:
71:
59:
54:
33:
31:
958:Fraser, Tom
669:Winter, Jay
415:Eadie, Alex
182:nutty slack
158:Netherlands
132:Coal hole,
1071:Categories
954:Lewis, Ron
448:Nef, J. U.
435:household.
257:References
154:Gelderland
119:Coal drops
93:goods yard
62:solid fuel
964:. Hansard
134:Southwark
105:coal hole
74:J. U. Nef
26:Hampshire
630:: 18–22.
245:See also
211:reduced
136:, London
101:landsale
55:coal men
706:(ed.).
626:(152).
624:Context
423:Hansard
239:Swindon
156:in the
91:in the
68:History
1050:
1023:
996:
968:11 May
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143:Thames
109:cellar
857:5 May
723:5 May
702:. In
576:5 May
553:5 May
428:5 May
399:7 May
373:7 May
344:3 May
315:3 May
1048:ISBN
1021:ISBN
994:ISBN
970:2023
934:ISBN
907:ISBN
880:ISBN
859:2023
831:ISBN
803:ISBN
776:ISBN
746:ISBN
725:2023
712:ISBN
679:ISBN
649:ISBN
599:ISBN
578:2023
555:2023
542:ISBN
515:ISBN
485:ISBN
458:ISBN
430:2023
401:2023
375:2023
346:2023
317:2023
285:ISBN
49:and
22:Hook
111:.
57:.
47:oil
43:gas
1073::
1056:.
960:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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