270:
261:. The hemp rope which controlled the speed of wagons descending the tunnel to the river from Spital Tongues Colliery snapped, and some of the wagons landed in the Tyne while others lodged on the deck of a vessel being loaded. The wagons were recovered at low tide, the rope was repaired, and the papers of the day treated the whole incident as something of a joke. Six months later, the rope snapped again, and the wagons landed in the hold of a waiting collier and sank it. After this, it was decided a wire rope would be a better option. This is probably the only recorded incident of a train having sunk a ship.
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hold, spreading and levelling the coal with shovels and rakes so that its weight would be evenly distributed. Skilled trimmers could stand with their shovel under the stream of coal coming from a spout or the end of a conveyor and angle it so the coal would ricochet off into the part of the hold they wanted to fill. This was a dangerous job, as the holds could fill with
291:" began to be built in the 1890s. These were of numerous designs. Some had spouts used for unscreened or small coal, others known as "drops" had steep inclines at the end, down which a wagon would be lowered directly into the hold, minimising the breakage of coal. Some had both drops and spouts. The drops and spouts could be raised and lowered with the tide. Later,
311:
The men who worked at the staithes were known as teemers and trimmers. Teemers would open the doors on the bottom of the wagons to allow the coal to fall into hoppers under the rail deck on top of the staithes, or in the case of drops, directly into the hold of the collier. The trimmers worked in the
237:
in the wooden colliers returning from London. The iron colliers had ballast tanks which meant water could simply be pumped in, greatly reducing the turnaround time as the sand no longer needed to be loaded and unloaded. Coal was also exported to Europe, and wooden colliers returned with goods such as
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expressed concern in the winter of 1666–67 that war with the Dutch would prevent a fleet of 200 colliers getting through. In 1795, 4,395 cargoes of coal were delivered to London. By 1824, this number had risen to about 7,000; by 1839, it was over 9,000. The trade continued to the end of the twentieth
307:
on the Tyne are a good example of this type. In
Scotland, a system was common where wagons would be placed on a cradle and lifted into the hold of the ship, but this system was rarely used elsewhere. Two large steam cranes were built for this purpose at the Harton Low Staithes, but it was found that
281:
Coal whippers unloading a collier. Four men climb up a step set on the collier's deck, holding ropes that go to a pulley fastened above and then down to a basket in the hold. They jump off the step, holding the rope, and their weight lifts the basket out of the hold. It is then tipped into a chute
194:, was launched in 1852 and proved successful, with many others being built as a result. Sailing and steam colliers co-existed for the remainder of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, with coal being carried by sailing vessels at the time of the First World War.
173:-built cat. These were bluff-bowed, round-sterned, strongly-built ships that were in common use from the ports of Northeast England in the second half of the eighteenth century. Examples were used as research and exploration ships by the Royal Navy – the best known being
286:
Loading the colliers was carried out by hand at first, especially where coal was transferred from keels which had brought it downstream from parts of the river that the colliers were unable to navigate. As demand increased, specialised jetties known as
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In the late eighteenth century, a number of wooden-hulled sailing colliers gained fame after being adapted for use in voyages of exploration in the South
Pacific, for which their flat-bottomed hulls and sturdy construction made them well-suited.
335:
is still extant, and the cranes formerly used for unloading the coal could be seen on the riverfront until their removal in 2014; due to the historic nature of the site they were intended to be returned but have instead been stored at
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and in operation loaded a hopper, which in turn fed a conveyor system leading to the power station's coal bunkers. The modern equivalent can be seen at the Tyne Coal
Terminal, unloading bulk carriers.
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given off by the coal, resulting in an explosion. More modern systems are designed to be able to evenly distribute the coal without the need for men working in the holds of the ships.
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Although, in later years, the colliers faced competition from the railways in supplying coal for domestic use in the capital, large quantities of coal were used at the numerous
1513:
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had similar facilities at its large gasworks, also alongside the Thames, for handling the large quantity of bituminous coal which was needed to supply the capital with
1506:
547:, the only American ship sunk by the Spanish Navy in the Spanish–American War, in an action in which all 8 crewmen were subsequently awarded the Medal of Honor
133:. Early evidence of coal being transported by sea includes use of coal in London in 1306. In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, coal was shipped from the
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were the most common type and remained popular with
Northeast coast shipowners. Elsewhere, sailing competition in the latter part of the century was from
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331:" with a low-profile superstructures and fold-down funnels and masts to fit under bridges over the Thames above the Pool of London. The wharf at
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shipyard, which began to rapidly replace the earlier wooden ships. This inadvertently led to the eventual decline of the glassmaking industry on
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At an average of 8 or 9 trips per year by each collier, this represents a fleet of about 500 colliers working the route from the Tyne to London.
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despite their size and power they were too slow to handle the amount of coal that was arriving at the staithes, and were replaced by elevators.
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with vast tonnages of coal, and a large fleet of coastal colliers travelled up and down the east coast of
England loaded with "black diamonds".
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382:). It was fitted with a large elevated flat deck, used before the development of purpose-built aircraft carrier hulls.
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harbour was built in 1634 for the loading of coal. London became highly reliant on the delivery of coal by sea –
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A collier has been deliberately beached so that the cargo of coal can be unloaded into carts and taken for sale.
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2013:
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599:, converted to a repair ship and served in both World Wars, receiving two battle stars in World War II
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327:, and wharves were constructed alongside them for unloading the colliers. These vessels known as "
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to London and other destinations. Other ports also exported coal – for instance the Old Quay in
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1988:
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1947:
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405:, coastal trading vessels designed to pass under low bridges, many of which served as colliers
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in Blyth. The older West
Staithes can be seen in front of the chimneys of the power station.
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The Steam
Colliers Fleets by Messrs MacRae & Waine, Waine Research 1990 pages 11–13.
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912:"Mystery surrounds return of listed Battersea cranes – The Twentieth Century Society"
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roofing tiles in their holds. The first Palmer-built iron hulled steam collier was
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A notable incident involving a collier occurred not long after the opening of the
246:. There had been an earlier iron hull screw propelled collier, the short-lived SS
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590:, an Irish collier that survived both Allied and Axis attacks during World War II
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399:, coal-carrying vessels, often unpowered, that are restricted to harbor duties
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233:, as prior to this, they had had access to large supplies of sand, used as
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The earliest type of collier on which there is detailed information is the
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705:"English Coal Industry in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries"
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630:
List of auxiliaries of the United States Navy § Colliers (AC)
608:, a flatiron collier that survived several attacks in World War II
188:
and other vessels with fore and aft rig. The first steam collier,
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2253:
2111:
2008:
1871:
1750:
1533:
1370:
565:, lost at sea, connected by some theories to the Bermuda Triangle
513:
had escaped to France in 1651; bought as a Royal yacht after the
221:
pioneered the construction of iron-hulled steam colliers at his
2348:
2076:
2043:
962:"The week the iconic High Brooms Gas Works disappeared forever"
222:
214:
170:
769:"Blast from the past — how coal mining's rebirth turned toxic"
458:, the first ship to circumnavigate the globe from west to east
1836:
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1143:
1091:
1015:
A model of HMS Endeavour showing the bluff-bowed hull shape.
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578:, converted into the United States' first aircraft carrier
295:
began to be introduced, such as those at Bates
Staithes in
181:
130:
556:, refitted into a landing ship for the Gallipoli landings
538:, credited as the first ship to circumnavigate Australia
180:. In the first half of the nineteenth century, collier
823:
Merchant
Sailing Ships 1775-1815: Sovereignty of Sail
467:, used in his second and third voyages of exploration
985:
Naval
History and Heritage Command: Langley I (CV-1)
888:"Art'otel opens in London's Battersea Power Station"
411:, designed for replenishing oil/diesel-fueled ships
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
798:Merchant Sailing Ships 1815-1850 Supremacy of Sail
1237:Floating production storage and offloading (FPSO)
303:. These staithes used spouts. The largely intact
146:century, with the last cargo of coal leaving the
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639:coastal coal-carrying trade of New South Wales
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1514:
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814:
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378:, was a converted collier (originally USS
1521:
1507:
1058:
1044:
937:"Celebrating 50 years of the Port of Tyne"
696:
1488:List of merchant navy capacity by country
1065:
1008:On the Stowage of Ships and their Cargoes
820:
795:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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417:, used for in-flight aircraft refueling
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857:w/e 15 April 1843, p. 253 "Newcastle"
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282:that leads into the barge alongside.
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
13:
618:the largest wooden ship ever built
421:
14:
2495:
1483:International Chamber of Shipping
1331:Anchor handling tug supply vessel
997:
825:. London: Conway Maritime Press.
800:. London: Conway Maritime Press.
767:Collingridge, John (7 Feb 2021).
751:
355:
1125:
756:(Public domain Kindle ed.).
703:Turner, Raymond (October 1921).
525:, a refitted collier famous for
250:of 1841 built in South Shields.
23:
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953:
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34:needs additional citations for
1628:Anti-submarine warfare carrier
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760:
712:The American Historical Review
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651:
1:
1546:Naval ship classes in service
855:"The" Illustrated London News
664:
213:supplied a rapidly expanding
16:Bulk cargo ship to carry coal
2014:Harbour defence motor launch
1025:Photo of Harton Low Staithes
935:Morton, David (2018-06-28).
161:, formerly a collier called
7:
2297:Ballistic missile submarine
2143:Mine countermeasures vessel
960:Harris, Mary (2023-03-11).
876:, accessed 15 December 2019
821:MacGregor, David R (1985).
796:MacGregor, David R (1984).
391:Vessels of similar function
385:
299:and Harton Low Staithes in
10:
2500:
2344:Submarine aircraft carrier
1726:Pre-dreadnought battleship
1536:in 19th and 20th centuries
990:, accessed 9 December 2019
861:, accessed 9 December 2019
616:, a 6-masted schooner and
346:Gas Light and Coke Company
129:designed or used to carry
2443:
2362:
2282:
2239:General stores issue ship
2171:
2125:
2067:
1981:
1908:Amphibious transport dock
1900:
1829:
1749:
1701:
1683:Merchant aircraft carrier
1673:Interdiction Assault Ship
1613:
1541:
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1379:
1323:
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874:www.dunstonstaiths.org.uk
527:the mutiny among its crew
448:first voyage of discovery
2317:Deep-submergence vehicle
2307:Cruise missile submarine
2234:Fast combat support ship
1877:Guided-missile destroyer
1735:Standard-type battleship
644:
623:
340:. These are fitted with
1913:Amphibious warfare ship
1623:Amphibious assault ship
1310:Roll-on/roll-off (RORO)
1209:Roll-on/roll-off (RORO)
1019:Photo of Bates Staithes
333:Battersea Power Station
1989:Armed boarding steamer
1953:Landing Ship Logistics
1948:Landing ship, infantry
1774:Guided missile cruiser
1678:Light aircraft carrier
1351:Platform supply vessel
1164:Coastal trading vessel
495:
438:, the former collier,
283:
274:
166:
2189:Auxiliary repair dock
2138:Destroyer minesweeper
2034:Ocean boarding vessel
1938:Landing Craft Support
1933:Landing craft carrier
1653:Fighter catapult ship
1336:Diving support vessel
487:
480:Other famous colliers
427:Vessels of James Cook
297:Blyth, Northumberland
280:
272:
265:Loading and unloading
156:
2415:Littoral combat ship
1968:Landing Ship Vehicle
1711:Coastal defence ship
1341:Emergency tow vessel
988:www.history.navy.mil
886:Jenny (2023-03-17).
679:"Whitehaven Harbour"
509:on which the future
323:on the banks of the
202:For many years, the
198:Coals from Newcastle
43:improve this article
2269:Replenishment oiler
2172:Command and support
1958:Landing Ship Medium
1821:Unprotected cruiser
1663:Flight deck cruiser
1468:Nautical operations
1412:Floating restaurant
1194:Lighter aboard ship
409:Replenishment oiler
165:, built before 1651
150:in February, 2021.
58:"Collier" ship
2385:Breastwork monitor
2249:Joint support ship
2204:Combat stores ship
1999:Coastal motor boat
1963:Landing Ship, Tank
1943:Landing Ship Heavy
1842:Convoy rescue ship
1668:Helicopter carrier
1422:Merchant submarine
1097:Maritime transport
1031:Tyne Coal Terminal
859:books.google.co.uk
637:, colliers of the
496:
376:United States Navy
284:
275:
219:Sir Charles Palmer
167:
2466:
2465:
2370:Armed merchantman
2312:Cruiser submarine
2302:Coastal submarine
2069:Fast attack craft
1923:Dock landing ship
1801:Protected cruiser
1784:Pocket battleship
1741:Treaty battleship
1731:Super-dreadnought
1615:Aircraft carriers
1563:Operational zones
1496:
1495:
1199:Livestock carrier
1102:Freight transport
1027:in South Shields.
916:c20society.org.uk
415:Tanker (aircraft)
342:clamshell buckets
119:
118:
111:
93:
2491:
2405:Floating battery
2339:Midget submarine
2292:Attack submarine
2274:Submarine tender
2224:Destroyer tender
2054:Submarine chaser
1918:Attack transport
1862:Escort destroyer
1857:Destroyer leader
1852:Destroyer escort
1759:Aircraft cruiser
1573:Green-water navy
1568:Brown-water navy
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1447:Semi-submersible
1432:Pipe-laying ship
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1112:Maritime history
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1006:, from Stevens,
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574:, sister to the
442:, purchased for
440:Earl of Pembroke
372:aircraft carrier
157:The royal yacht
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2329:Fleet submarine
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2259:Net laying ship
2184:Ammunition ship
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2063:
1977:
1896:
1825:
1816:Torpedo cruiser
1796:Merchant raider
1764:Armored cruiser
1745:
1721:Fast battleship
1697:
1688:Seaplane tender
1633:Balloon carrier
1609:
1593:Central battery
1578:Blue-water navy
1537:
1527:
1497:
1492:
1456:
1437:Research vessel
1427:Narco-submarine
1375:
1319:
1261:
1247:Hydrogen tanker
1232:Chemical tanker
1218:
1179:Heavy-lift ship
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1107:Merchant marine
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1004:Stowage of coal
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871:DUNSTON STAITHS
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422:Famous colliers
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305:Dunston Staiths
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255:Victoria Tunnel
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127:bulk cargo ship
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2194:Auxiliary ship
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2179:Amenities ship
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1811:Strike cruiser
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1407:Fishing vessel
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1189:Lake freighter
1186:
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1174:Container ship
1171:
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1120:
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1068:merchant ships
1063:
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998:External links
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635:'Sixty-milers'
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356:Alternate uses
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321:power stations
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208:Northumberland
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117:
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31:
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2435:Training ship
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2380:Barracks ship
2378:
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2363:Miscellaneous
2361:
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2334:Human torpedo
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2254:Naval tugboat
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2229:Dispatch boat
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2029:Naval trawler
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2024:Naval drifter
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2015:
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2010:
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1638:Battlecarrier
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941:ChronicleLive
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832:0-85177-323-0
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683:Visit Cumbria
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338:Tilbury Docks
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301:South Shields
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2390:Capital ship
2375:Arsenal ship
2214:Crane vessel
2209:Command ship
2198:
2148:Mine planter
2126:Mine warfare
2092:Missile boat
2059:Torpedo boat
2019:Motor launch
1982:Patrol craft
1887:Radar picket
1693:Supercarrier
1392:Crane vessel
1184:Hopper barge
1168:
1149:Bulk carrier
1007:
987:
980:
969:. Retrieved
965:
955:
944:. Retrieved
940:
930:
919:. Retrieved
915:
906:
895:. Retrieved
892:Globetrender
891:
881:
873:
866:
858:
850:
841:
822:
816:
797:
776:. Retrieved
772:
762:
753:
747:
735:. Retrieved
715:
711:
698:
686:. Retrieved
682:
673:
653:
611:
604:
595:
586:
579:
575:
570:
561:
552:
543:
535:Investigator
534:
521:
506:
502:Royal Escape
501:
491:
488:The collier
472:
463:
454:
439:
434:
379:
370:, the first
366:
363:
359:
325:River Thames
318:
310:
285:
252:
247:
241:
201:
190:
176:
168:
162:
159:Royal Escape
158:
148:Port of Tyne
143:Samuel Pepys
122:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2425:Mother ship
2264:Repair ship
2163:Minesweeper
2039:Patrol boat
1994:Armed yacht
1716:Dreadnought
1703:Battleships
1530:Naval ships
1387:Cable layer
1380:Other types
1361:Salvage tug
1315:Train ferry
1305:Ocean liner
1290:Cruiseferry
1285:Cruise ship
1280:Cargo liner
1275:Cable ferry
1252:LNG carrier
1242:Gas carrier
1214:Train ferry
1204:Reefer ship
778:28 November
737:28 November
718:(1): 1–23.
688:30 November
553:River Clyde
515:Restoration
2484:Ship types
2473:Categories
2451:Ship types
2410:Guard ship
2284:Submarines
2219:Depot ship
2153:Minehunter
1417:Icebreaker
1300:Narrowboat
1257:Oil tanker
1159:Chain boat
1087:Cargo ship
971:2023-03-19
946:2023-03-19
921:2023-03-19
897:2023-03-19
665:References
511:Charles II
464:Resolution
444:James Cook
397:Coal hulks
329:flat-irons
248:Bedlington
242:John Bowes
211:coalfields
191:John Bowes
139:Whitehaven
135:River Tyne
99:April 2014
69:newspapers
2158:Minelayer
1973:Troopship
1901:Transport
1867:Escorteur
1847:Destroyer
1588:Broadside
1556:auxiliary
1551:submarine
1442:Riverboat
1402:Drillship
1267:Passenger
1154:Car float
1136:Dry cargo
1075:Overviews
773:The Times
594:USS
569:USS
560:USS
542:USS
533:HMS
520:HMS
490:USS
473:Discovery
471:HMS
462:HMS
455:Adventure
453:HMS
435:Endeavour
403:Flatirons
365:USS
293:elevators
259:Newcastle
186:schooners
177:Endeavour
2479:Colliers
2400:Flagship
2133:Danlayer
2004:Corvette
1882:KaibĹŤkan
1751:Cruisers
1643:CAM ship
1598:Casemate
1534:warships
1452:Snagboat
1346:Fireboat
966:KentLive
603:SS
587:Kerlogue
585:MV
551:SS
544:Merrimac
507:Surprise
492:Merrimac
433:HM Bark
386:See also
350:town gas
314:firedamp
289:staithes
231:Wearside
227:Tyneside
163:Surprise
2444:Related
2420:Monitor
2354:Wet sub
2199:Collier
2117:Shin'yĹŤ
2112:PT boat
2009:Gunboat
1872:Frigate
1603:Turrets
1461:Related
1397:Dredger
1371:Tugboat
1324:Support
1224:Tankers
1169:Collier
1066:Modern
1010:, 1869.
732:1836917
613:Wyoming
580:Langley
576:Cyclops
571:Jupiter
562:Cyclops
380:Jupiter
374:in the
367:Langley
244:of 1852
235:ballast
123:collier
83:scholar
2349:U-boat
2077:E-boat
2044:Q-ship
1830:Escort
1366:Tender
1356:Pusher
829:
804:
730:
605:Wandle
596:Vestal
522:Bounty
223:Jarrow
215:London
204:Durham
171:Whitby
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1892:Sloop
1837:Aviso
1295:Ferry
1144:Barge
1092:Cargo
754:Diary
728:JSTOR
708:(PDF)
645:Notes
624:Other
182:brigs
125:is a
90:JSTOR
76:books
2322:DSRV
2107:MTSM
1532:and
1082:Ship
827:ISBN
802:ISBN
780:2021
739:2021
690:2021
500:HMY
229:and
206:and
175:HMS
131:coal
62:news
2102:MTM
2097:MTB
2087:MGB
2082:MAS
720:doi
446:'s
257:in
240:SS
45:by
2475::
964:.
939:.
914:.
890:.
788:^
771:.
726:.
716:27
714:.
710:.
681:.
352:.
121:A
1737:)
1733:(
1522:e
1515:t
1508:v
1059:e
1052:t
1045:v
974:.
949:.
924:.
900:.
835:.
810:.
782:.
741:.
722::
692:.
529:.
287:"
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
