366:
390:, meaning that fewer than 2500 horses were registered annually in the USA, and there were fewer than 10,000 worldwide. By 2024 the Clydesdale was listed as "threatened" (<1,000 annual US registrations and <5,000 global population). According to The Livestock Conservancy, "The North American population of Clydesdale horses had increased steadily for several decades, but a sharp decline began around 2010, prompted by the economic downturn that affected the entire equine market. Globally, the breed is well known but not common, with an estimated global population of fewer than 5,000 horses."
263:
29:
533:
453:
525:
374:
that other draught breeds were almost unknown. By the late 1960s, it was noted that "Excellent
Clydesdale horses are bred in Victoria and New Zealand; but, at least in the former place, it is considered advisable to keep up the type by frequent importations from England." Over 25,000 Clydesdales were registered in Australia between 1924 and 2008. The popularity of the Clydesdale led to it being called "the breed that built Australia".
402:
313:, later known as "Lampits mare" after the farm name of her owner, was born that traced her lineage to the black stallion. This mare is listed in the ancestry of almost every Clydesdale living today. One of her foals was Thompson's Black Horse (known as Glancer), which was to have a significant influence on the Clydesdale breed.
316:
The first recorded use of the name "Clydesdale" in reference to the breed was in 1826 at an exhibition in
Glasgow. Another theory of their origin, that of them descending from Flemish horses brought to Scotland as early as the 15th century, was also promulgated in the late 18th century. However, even
373:
Many of the horses exported from
Scotland in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries went to Australia and New Zealand. In 1918, the Commonwealth Clydesdale Horse Society was formed as the association for the breed in Australia. Between 1906 and 1936, Clydesdales were bred so extensively in Australia
600:
mares to create a mid-sized draught horses for pulling commercial wagons and military artillery. Unfortunately, after just a few years, the Dales breed was two-thirds
Clydesdale. They started a breed registry in 1916 to preserve the Dales, and by 1923 the Army was buying only Dales with no signs of
488:
if they have the desired colour and markings. Buyers do not favour Sabino-like horses, despite one draught-breed writer theorising that they are needed to keep the desired coat colours and texture. Breed associations, however, state that no colour is bad, and that horses with roaning and body spots
561:, and they have since become an international symbol of both the breed and the brand. The Budweiser breeding programme, with its strict standards of colour and conformation, have influenced the look of the breed in the United States to the point that many people believe that Clydesdales are always
429:
to produce taller horses that looked more impressive in parades and shows. Today, the
Clydesdale stands 162 to 183 cm (16.0 to 18.0 h) high and weighs 820 to 910 kg (1800 to 2000 lb). Some mature males are larger, standing taller than 183 cm and weighing up to 1000 kg
357:
for the war effort, and after the war, breed numbers declined as farms became increasingly mechanised. This decline continued between the wars. Following the Second World War, the number of
Clydesdale breeding stallions in England dropped from more than 200 in 1946 to 80 in 1949. By 1975, the
341:
Large numbers of
Clydesdales were exported from Scotland in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, with 1617 stallions leaving the country in 1911 alone. Between 1884 and 1945, export certificates were issued for 20,183 horses. These horses were exported to other countries in the
320:
A system of hiring stallions between districts existed in
Scotland, with written records dating back to 1837. This programme consisted of local agriculture improvement societies holding breed shows to choose the best stallion, whose owner was then awarded a monetary prize. The owner was then
328:
with local mares, these stallions spread the
Clydesdale type throughout the areas where they were placed, and by 1840, Scottish draught horses and the Clydesdale were one and the same. In 1877, the Clydesdale Horse Society of Scotland was formed, followed in 1879 by the American Clydesdale
548:
Along with carriage horses, Clydesdales are also used as show horses. They are shown in lead line and harness classes at county and state fairs, as well as national exhibitions. Some of the most famous members of the breed are the teams that make up the hitches of the
333:
was published in 1882. In 1883, the short-lived Select
Clydesdale Horse Society was founded to compete with the Clydesdale Horse Society. It was started by two breeders dedicated to improving the breed, who also were responsible in large part for the introduction of
321:
required, in return for additional monies, to take the stallion throughout a designated area, breeding to the local mares. Through this system and by purchase, Clydesdale stallions were sent throughout Scotland and into northern England.
382:
In the 1990s numbers began to rise. By 2005, the Rare Breeds Survival Trust had moved the breed to "at risk" status, meaning that there were fewer than 1500 breeding females in the UK. By 2010 it had been moved back to "vulnerable".
210:
was formed in 1877, thousands of Clydesdales were exported to many countries of the world, particularly to Australia and New Zealand. In the early twentieth century numbers began to fall, both because many were taken for use in the
581:
breed in an attempt to reinvigorate that declining breed. However, those efforts were not seen as successful, as Irish Draught breeders thought the Clydesdale blood made their horses coarser and prone to lower leg faults, such as
540:
The Clydesdale was originally used for agriculture, hauling coal in Lanarkshire, and heavy hauling in Glasgow. Today, Clydesdales are still used for draught purposes, including agriculture, logging, and driving. They are also
483:
Many buyers pay a premium for bay and black horses, especially those with four white legs and white facial markings. Specific colours are often preferred over other physical traits, and some buyers even choose horses with
449:. Their gaits are active, with clearly lifted hooves and a general impression of power and quality. Clydesdales are energetic, with a manner described by the Clydesdale Horse Society as a "gaiety of carriage and outlook".
639:
393:
In 2010 the worldwide population was estimated to be 5000, with around 4000 in the US and Canada, 800 in the UK, and the rest in other countries, including Russia, Japan, Germany, and South Africa.
2125:
206:
blood was introduced. The first recorded use of the name "Clydesdale" for the breed was in 1826; the horses spread through much of Scotland and into northern England. After the
545:
and ridden, as well as kept for pleasure. Clydesdales are known to be the popular breed choice with carriage services and parade horses because of their white, feathered legs.
512:
in humans. Another health concern is a skin condition on the lower leg where feathering is heavy. Colloquially called "Clyde's itch", it is thought to be caused by a type of
1511:
1201:
1304:
143:
1164:
1787:
1504:
309:
stallion of unknown lineage named Blaze. Written pedigrees were kept of these foals beginning in the early nineteenth century, and in 1806, a
2115:
472:, including white on the face, feet, and legs, and occasional white patches on the body (generally on the lower belly). They have extensive
2130:
299:
1334:
329:
Association (later renamed the Clydesdale Breeders of the USA), which served both U.S. and Canadian breed enthusiasts. The first American
1497:
861:
1520:
1360:
1132:
668:. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed April 2020.
1080:
1029:
789:
1246:
413:
of the Clydesdale has changed greatly throughout its history. In the 1920s and 1930s, it was a compact horse smaller than the
1451:
1064:
827:
1780:
1312:
1196:
1003:
1216:
1386:
1106:
1279:
950:
902:
735:
705:
653:
270:
The Clydesdale horse takes its name from Clydesdale, the valley of the River Clyde. In the late seventeenth century,
977:
1412:
558:
1773:
583:
1174:
493:
216:
226:
It is a large and powerful horse, although now not as heavy as in the past. It was traditionally used for
1947:
2120:
365:
359:
220:
54:
362:
considered them vulnerable to extinction, meaning fewer than 900 breeding females remained in the UK.
1169:
593:
horse was created using European draft breeds, including the Clydesdale, imported in the late 1800s.
387:
1586:
431:
1338:
516:. Clydesdales are also known to develop sunburn on any pink (unpigmented) skin around their faces.
677:
1796:
1897:
114:
665:
643:
2135:
2110:
2066:
2061:
1745:
1269:
890:
723:
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in Great Britain along with Friesian, Shire and Dale, although no written records were kept.
550:
354:
251:
184:
1756:
1604:
793:
317:
the author of that theory admitted that the common story of their ancestry is more likely.
8:
542:
410:
262:
1364:
1139:
2071:
1932:
1674:
1084:
1033:
590:
473:
426:
294:
unnamed stallion imported from England by a John Paterson of Lochlyloch and an unnamed
28:
441:, and a sloped shoulder. Breed associations pay close attention to the quality of the
223:
considered the breed vulnerable to extinction. Numbers have since increased slightly.
2046:
1937:
1740:
1566:
1536:
1447:
1275:
1060:
946:
898:
823:
731:
701:
649:
485:
1489:
694:
Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016).
2076:
1927:
1902:
275:
243:
1765:
2056:
2041:
1912:
1861:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1812:
1735:
1659:
1387:"Commonwealth Clydesdale Horse Society of Australia - Frequently Asked Questions"
1285:
1242:
956:
695:
596:
In the early 1900s it was considered profitable to breed Clydesdale stallions to
422:
350:
306:
212:
138:
601:
carthorse blood. The modern Dales shows no signs of Clydesdale characteristics.
2081:
2025:
1887:
1877:
1831:
1649:
1609:
1007:
844:
566:
554:
497:
469:
343:
247:
235:
1416:
1220:
2104:
2051:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1922:
1907:
1892:
1882:
1725:
1664:
1644:
1619:
1576:
1561:
1556:
1541:
1390:
1059:(7th Revised ed.). New York: Arco Publishing Company, Inc. p. 361.
640:
List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources
578:
577:
In the second half of the 1800s, Clydesdale and Shire blood was added to the
532:
291:
283:
279:
227:
207:
203:
195:
180:
1289:
1110:
758:
1968:
1942:
1917:
1856:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1639:
1624:
1581:
960:
465:
452:
239:
231:
645:
The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
480:, where the hocks turn inward are a breed characteristic and not a fault.
2015:
1730:
1692:
1629:
1571:
1551:
1467:
1415:. Clydesdale & Heavy Horse Field Days Association Inc. Archived from
981:
618:
605:
562:
461:
446:
414:
335:
295:
188:
176:
110:
897:(1st American ed.). New York: Dorling Kindersley. p. 284–285.
524:
2086:
2020:
1684:
1654:
1614:
597:
509:
477:
325:
346:, as well as North and South America, continental Europe, and Russia.
1634:
1478:
418:
330:
430:(2200 lb). The breed has a straight facial profile or a slight
501:
496:, a disease with clinical signs that include progressive swelling,
271:
199:
1484:
1717:
648:. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
438:
1444:
The Book of Draft Horses: The Gentle Giants that Built the World
401:
1823:
1669:
505:
468:
are common, and black, grey and chestnut also occur. Most have
48:
943:
Storey's Illustrated Guide to 96 Horse Breeds of North America
194:
The origins of the breed lie in the seventeenth century, when
1999:
1808:
1528:
1473:
513:
310:
158:
1596:
697:
Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding
442:
305:
Another prominent stallion was a 165 cm (16.1 h)
287:
2126:
Conservation Priority Breeds of the Livestock Conservancy
437:
It is well-muscled and strong, with an arched neck, high
42:
1219:. American Livestock Breeds Conservancy. Archived from
1138:. American Livestock Breeds Conservancy. Archived from
1083:. Commonwealth Clydesdale Horse Society. Archived from
1032:. Commonwealth Clydesdale Horse Society. Archived from
1006:. Commonwealth Clydesdale Horse Society. Archived from
202:
and mated with local mares; in the nineteenth century,
1361:"Chronic Progressive Lymphedema (CPL) in Draft Horses"
1815:
considered to be wholly or partly of Scottish origin.
1519:
864:. In National Livestock Association of Canada (ed.).
666:
Breed data sheet: Clydesdale / United Kingdom (Horse)
604:
The Clydesdale contributed to the development of the
246:
in parades or processions. In the United States the
1795:
492:Clydesdales have been identified to be at risk for
822:. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 133–134.
680:. Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Accessed April 2020.
1363:. University of California, Davis. Archived from
2102:
425:. Beginning in the 1940s, breeding animals were
386:In 2010 the Clydesdale was listed as "watch" by
638:Barbara Rischkowsky, D. Pilling (eds.) (2007).
139:Commonwealth Clydesdale Horse Society Australia
1781:
1505:
1109:. Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Archived from
980:. Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Archived from
862:"A Scottish Authority on the Premium System"
572:
286:were imported to Scotland and bred to local
813:
811:
1788:
1774:
1512:
1498:
1337:. Clydesdale Horse Society. Archived from
1302:
1274:. Princeton University Press. p. 52.
1133:"Conservation Priority Equine Breeds 2010"
936:
934:
885:
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
849:. London, Vinton & Co. pp. 75–76.
820:International Encyclopedia of Horse Breeds
792:. Clydesdale Horse Society. Archived from
718:
716:
714:
27:
1245:. Commonwealth Clydesdale Horse Society.
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
868:. Government Printing Bureau. p. 73.
859:
817:
784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
1267:
1261:
808:
531:
523:
451:
400:
364:
261:
1157:
972:
970:
945:. Storey Publishing. pp. 348–351.
889:
872:
842:
722:
711:
557:first formed these teams at the end of
2103:
1485:Clydesdale Horse Association of Canada
940:
911:
773:
690:
688:
686:
377:
369:Clydesdales, Australia (ca. 1925-1957)
187:, a region of Scotland centred on the
1769:
1493:
1479:Commonwealth Clydesdale Horse Society
1441:
1249:from the original on 19 February 2011
1054:
753:
751:
749:
747:
353:had the conscription of thousands of
2116:Horse breeds originating in Scotland
967:
700:(sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI.
2131:Animal breeds on the RBST Watchlist
846:Heavy Horses: Breeds and Management
761:. International Museum of the Horse
683:
671:
632:
434:, broad forehead, and wide muzzle.
13:
1435:
744:
659:
396:
14:
2147:
1521:Horse breeds of the British Isles
1461:
445:and legs, as well as the general
215:, and because of the increasing
1797:Scottish domestic animal breeds
1405:
1379:
1353:
1327:
1296:
1235:
1209:
1189:
1125:
1099:
1081:"Our History - 1970 to present"
1073:
1048:
1022:
996:
853:
45:(2007): not at risk (worldwide)
1474:Clydesdale Breeders of the USA
1442:Smith, Donna Campbell (2007).
866:General convention, Issues 1–3
836:
494:chronic progressive lymphedema
1:
1303:Roy, Bruce (16 August 2010).
895:The Encyclopedia of the Horse
625:
266:Stallion, New Zealand (1900s)
144:Clydesdale Horse Society (UK)
1446:. Globe Pequot. p. 20.
1165:"Conservation Priority List"
1030:"Our History - 1900 to 1930"
456:A Clydesdale's feathered leg
217:mechanisation of agriculture
7:
1948:West Highland White Terrier
730:. New York: DK Publishing.
611:
489:are increasingly accepted.
338:blood into the Clydesdale.
198:stallions were imported to
113:, brown or roan with white
51:(2020): at risk (worldwide)
10:
2152:
1055:Hayes, M. Horace (2003) .
818:Hendricks, Bonnie (2007).
360:Rare Breeds Survival Trust
257:
234:. It is now principally a
221:Rare Breeds Survival Trust
2034:
2008:
1992:
1956:
1870:
1822:
1803:
1754:
1716:
1683:
1595:
1527:
1202:The Livestock conservancy
1170:The Livestock Conservancy
860:McNeilage, Arch. (1904).
573:Influence on other breeds
536:The Budweiser Clydesdales
508:limbs that is similar to
388:The Livestock Conservancy
230:, both in farming and in
183:. It takes its name from
152:
134:
129:
121:
105:
91:
77:
72:
64:
35:
26:
1807:These are the principal
1468:Clydesdale Horse Society
1268:Rousseau, Élise (2017).
843:Biddell, Herman (1894).
656:. Accessed January 2017.
460:Clydesdales are usually
1335:"The Modern Clydesdale"
1309:The Draft Horse Journal
941:Dutson, Judith (2005).
519:
122:Distinguishing features
57:(2020): vulnerable (UK)
1898:Dandie Dinmont Terrier
891:Edwards, Elwyn Hartley
728:The Horse Encyclopedia
724:Edwards, Elwyn Hartley
584:tied-in below the knee
537:
529:
457:
406:
370:
298:stallion owned by the
267:
2062:North Country Cheviot
1746:Yorkshire Coach Horse
1107:"Watchlist - Equines"
551:Budweiser Clydesdales
535:
528:Clydesdale in harness
527:
476:on their lower legs.
455:
404:
368:
265:
252:matched team of eight
1757:List of horse breeds
1605:British Spotted Pony
1145:on 23 September 2020
464:or brown in colour.
219:. By the 1970s, the
159:Equus ferus caballus
1413:"Foundation Breeds"
1315:on 24 December 2012
1271:Horses of the World
1087:on 19 February 2011
1057:Points of the Horse
1036:on 19 February 2011
1010:on 19 February 2011
796:on 9 September 2013
378:Conservation status
290:. These included a
36:Conservation status
23:
2072:Scottish Blackface
1933:Scottish Deerhound
1367:on 3 February 2013
1341:on 3 February 2015
1217:"Clydesdale horse"
591:Australian Draught
538:
530:
510:chronic lymphedema
486:soundness problems
458:
407:
371:
324:Through extensive
268:
21:
2121:South Lanarkshire
2095:
2094:
2047:Castlemilk Moorit
1938:Shetland Sheepdog
1763:
1762:
1741:Old English Black
1567:Irish Sport Horse
1537:British Warmblood
1453:978-1-59228-979-0
1243:"Breed Standards"
1177:on 15 August 2024
1113:on 25 August 2011
1066:978-1-59333-000-2
829:978-0-8061-3884-8
555:Budweiser Brewery
169:
168:
65:Country of origin
2143:
2077:Scottish Dunface
2067:North Ronaldsay
1928:Scottish Terrier
1903:Golden Retriever
1790:
1783:
1776:
1767:
1766:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1491:
1490:
1457:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1393:on 7 August 2017
1389:. Archived from
1383:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1311:. Archived from
1300:
1294:
1293:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1223:on 12 March 2013
1213:
1207:
1206:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1173:. Archived from
1161:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1144:
1137:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1000:
994:
993:
991:
989:
984:on 24 March 2009
974:
965:
964:
938:
909:
908:
887:
870:
869:
857:
851:
850:
840:
834:
833:
815:
806:
805:
803:
801:
786:
771:
770:
768:
766:
755:
742:
741:
720:
709:
692:
681:
678:Equine watchlist
675:
669:
663:
657:
636:
300:Duke of Hamilton
161:
31:
24:
20:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2091:
2030:
2004:
1988:
1952:
1913:Paisley Terrier
1866:
1842:Belted Galloway
1818:
1813:domestic animal
1799:
1794:
1764:
1759:
1750:
1736:Norfolk Trotter
1712:
1679:
1591:
1523:
1518:
1464:
1454:
1438:
1436:Further reading
1433:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1419:on 11 July 2011
1411:
1410:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1370:
1368:
1359:
1358:
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1100:
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1049:
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1028:
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1001:
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987:
985:
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975:
968:
953:
939:
912:
905:
888:
873:
858:
854:
841:
837:
830:
816:
809:
799:
797:
790:"Breed History"
788:
787:
774:
764:
762:
757:
756:
745:
738:
721:
712:
693:
684:
676:
672:
664:
660:
637:
633:
628:
614:
575:
522:
423:Belgian Draught
399:
397:Characteristics
380:
351:First World War
282:stock from the
260:
254:for publicity.
250:brewery uses a
213:First World War
165:
157:
148:
130:Breed standards
101:
87:
60:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2149:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2026:Shetland Goose
2023:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1888:Border Terrier
1885:
1880:
1878:Bearded Collie
1874:
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2136:Draft horses
2111:Horse breeds
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1969:Eriskay Pony
1963:
1943:Skye Terrier
1918:Rough Collie
1708:Windsor Grey
1582:Thoroughbred
1546:
1443:
1421:. Retrieved
1417:the original
1407:
1395:. Retrieved
1391:the original
1381:
1369:. Retrieved
1365:the original
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1343:. Retrieved
1339:the original
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1317:. Retrieved
1313:the original
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1251:. Retrieved
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1221:the original
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1200:
1197:"Clydesdale"
1191:
1179:. Retrieved
1175:the original
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1140:the original
1127:
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1111:the original
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763:. Retrieved
759:"Clydesdale"
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238:. It may be
232:road haulage
225:
193:
172:
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18:
2016:Scots Dumpy
1731:Irish Hobby
1481:(Australia)
1319:11 February
978:"Watchlist"
800:4 September
765:4 September
642:, annex to
619:The Kelpies
606:Gypsy horse
559:Prohibition
405:Clydesdales
307:coach horse
189:River Clyde
84:700–1000 kg
16:Horse breed
2105:Categories
2021:Scots Grey
1964:Clydesdale
1660:New Forest
1547:Clydesdale
1470:(Scotland)
1423:25 January
1345:25 January
1227:31 January
1149:24 January
1117:24 January
1091:25 January
1040:25 January
1014:25 January
988:24 January
626:References
598:Dales Pony
474:feathering
432:Roman nose
296:dark-brown
185:Clydesdale
173:Clydesdale
98:167–183 cm
22:Clydesdale
2057:Hebridean
1650:Kerry Bog
1610:Connemara
1587:Welsh Cob
1552:Gypsy Cob
1290:26939697M
1253:2 January
1181:19 August
478:Cow hocks
419:Percheron
331:stud book
272:stallions
2082:Shetland
1862:Shetland
1852:Highland
1847:Galloway
1837:Ayrshire
1665:Shetland
1645:Highland
1620:Dartmoor
1247:Archived
961:3406094M
893:(1994).
726:(2016).
612:See also
502:fibrosis
447:movement
427:selected
276:Friesian
200:Scotland
109:Usually
68:Scotland
2052:Cheviot
2042:Boreray
2009:Poultry
1718:Extinct
1640:Hackney
1625:Eriskay
1557:Hackney
1397:6 April
439:withers
280:Flemish
258:History
196:Flemish
1957:Horses
1824:Cattle
1809:breeds
1703:Hunter
1670:Welara
1630:Exmoor
1597:Ponies
1529:Horses
1450:
1371:22 May
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553:. The
506:distal
500:, and
443:hooves
421:, and
355:horses
244:driven
240:ridden
106:Colour
92:Height
78:Weight
73:Traits
49:DAD-IS
2035:Sheep
2000:Grice
1857:Luing
1685:Types
1675:Welsh
1655:Lundy
1615:Dales
1572:Shire
1143:(PDF)
1136:(PDF)
565:with
543:shown
514:mange
466:Roans
415:Shire
336:Shire
311:filly
292:black
288:mares
204:Shire
177:breed
115:blaze
2087:Soay
1993:Pigs
1871:Dogs
1698:Hack
1635:Fell
1448:ISBN
1425:2011
1399:2017
1373:2010
1347:2011
1321:2011
1276:ISBN
1255:2024
1229:2011
1183:2024
1151:2011
1119:2011
1093:2011
1061:ISBN
1042:2011
1016:2011
990:2011
947:ISBN
899:ISBN
824:ISBN
802:2013
767:2013
732:ISBN
702:ISBN
650:ISBN
589:The
520:Uses
409:The
349:The
278:and
171:The
55:RBST
1811:of
1693:Cob
563:bay
504:of
462:bay
274:of
242:or
179:of
111:bay
43:FAO
2107::
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1286:OL
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969:^
957:OL
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
