341:
485:
427:
47:
449:, increasing mechanisation and strict regulations on the purchase of livestock feed reduced the need for and ability to keep draught horses. Thousands of Shires were slaughtered and several large breeding studs closed. The breed fell to its lowest point in the 1950s and 1960s, and in 1955 fewer than 100 horses were shown at the annual British Spring Show.
417:
The term "Shire horse" was first used in the mid-seventeenth century, and incomplete records begin to appear near the end of the eighteenth century. The "Packington Blind Horse", from
Leicestershire, is one of the best-known horses of the era, with direct descendants being recorded from 1770 to 1832.
480:
At the peak of their population, Shires numbered over a million. In the 1950s and 1960s, this number declined to a few thousand. In the United States, the Shire population dropped significantly in the early part of the twentieth century, and continued to decline in the 1940s and 1950s. Between 1950
441:
The first Shires were imported to the United States in 1853, with large numbers of horses being imported in the 1880s. The
American Shire Horse Association was established in 1885 to register and promote the breed. The Shire soon became popular in the United States, and almost 4,000 Shires were
566:), with a minimum of 173 cm (17.0 h); geldings should stand at least 168 cm (16.2 h), and mares no less than 163 cm (16.0 h). Weight ranges from 850 to 1100 kg (1870 to 2430 lb) for geldings and stallions, with no set standard for mares.
422:
for the Shire breed, and he stood at stud from 1755 to 1770. During the nineteenth century, Shires were used extensively as cart horses to move goods from the docks through the cities and countryside. The rough roads created a need for large horses with extensive musculature.
452:
In the 1970s, the breed began to be revived through increased public interest. Breed societies have been established in the United States, Canada, the
Netherlands, France, and Germany, and in 1996 the first World Shire Horse Congress was held in
324:
and of transport, the need for draught horses decreased rapidly and by the 1960s numbers had fallen from a million or more to a few thousand. Numbers began to increase again from the 1970s, but the breed is still considered "at risk" by the
476:
in the 1950s and 1960s, which changed the conformation of the Shire and most notably changed the feathering on the lower legs from a mass of coarse hair into the silky feathering associated with modern Shires.
281:. It is a tall breed, and Shires have at various times held world records both for the largest horse and for the tallest horse. The Shire has a great capacity for weight-pulling; it was used for
1659:
569:
The head of a Shire is long and lean, with large eyes, set on a neck that is slightly arched and long in proportion to the body. The shoulder is deep and wide, the chest wide, the
658:, which made Shire-drawn deliveries from the early 1800s to the 1920s, then resumed service in 1960. Several breweries have withdrawn their Shire horse teams, including the
438:, with the first edition in 1878 containing 2,381 stallions and records dating back to 1770. Between 1901 and 1914, 5,000 Shires were registered each year with the society.
414:
or
Midlands type. The Fen type tended to be larger, with more bone and extra hair, while the Midlands type tended to have more endurance while being of a finer appearance.
320:
was published. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, there were large numbers of Shires, and many were exported to the United States. With the progressive
1382:
699:
603:
The Shire has an enormous capacity for pulling weight. In 1924, at a
British exhibition, a pair of horses was estimated to have pulled a starting load equal to 50
1220:
980:
1062:
481:
and 1959, only 25 horses were registered in the United States. However, numbers began to increase, and 121 horses were registered in the US by 1985.
352:
were used for most farm work into the eighteenth century, horses "fit for the dray, the plough, or the chariot" were on sale at
Smithfield Market in
375:
favoured lighter, faster mounts and the big horses began to be used for draught work instead. During the sixteenth century, Dutch engineers brought
1375:
1664:
1654:
406:
mares, notable since breeders tended to concentrate on improving the male line. Two different types of black horses developed: the Fen or
1368:
756:
1391:
434:
In 1878, the
English Cart Horse Society was formed, and in 1884 changed its name to the Shire Horse Society. The Society published a
1145:
1308:
593:
1010:
870:
703:
1119:
442:
imported between 1900 and 1918. Approximately 6,700 Shires were registered with the US association between 1909 and 1911.
1194:
887:
1181:
988:
959:
897:
842:
798:
332:
Outside the United
Kingdom, there are stud-books and breed associations in Australia, the United States, and Canada.
1036:
1224:
1072:
740:
581:
503:
as "at risk", meaning that population numbers are estimated to be under 1500 head. In the United States, the
17:
1094:
321:
290:
622:
in 1846. He stood over 219 cm (21.2 h), and weighed an estimated 1524 kilograms (3360 lb).
1171:
500:
326:
61:
492:
The
National Shire Horse Spring Show is held annually and is the largest Shire show in Great Britain.
363:, when stallions measuring less than "fifteen handfuls" could not be kept, but the increasing role of
312:
The Shire breed was established in the mid-eighteenth century, although its origins are much older. A
1067:
607:, although an exact number could not be determined as their pull exceeded the maximum reading on the
1457:
643:
391:
611:. Working in slippery footing, the same pair of horses pulled 18.5 tonnes at a later exhibition.
580:
The Shire is known for its easy-going temperament. Shires have been identified to be at risk for
458:
1338:
1289:
1267:
1669:
1649:
1616:
504:
419:
360:
301:
for delivery of beer, and some are still used in this way; others are used for forestry, for
1627:
1475:
508:
760:
233:
8:
639:
496:
465:
1149:
783:
Porter, Valerie; Alderson, Lawrence; Hall, Stephen J.G.; Sponenberg, D. Phillip (2016).
228:
1545:
1123:
659:
574:
469:
223:
1316:
398:, resulting in a horse sometimes known as the "Bakewell Black". Bakewell imported six
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1437:
1407:
1177:
955:
893:
866:
838:
794:
790:
736:
651:
387:
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1417:
913:
655:
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631:
446:
390:
Horse in the seventeenth century. The Black Horse was improved by the followers of
298:
1014:
1606:
1530:
784:
615:
552:
368:
584:, a chronic progressive disease that includes symptoms of progressive swelling,
1520:
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585:
540:
473:
411:
395:
376:
103:
1198:
1643:
1596:
1535:
1515:
1490:
1447:
1432:
1427:
1412:
524:
383:, and these horses may have had an influence on what became the Shire breed.
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270:
201:
181:
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1573:
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1510:
1495:
1452:
619:
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185:
634:. A few breweries still maintain this tradition in the UK, among them the
1601:
1563:
1500:
1422:
1246:
1040:
614:
The largest horse in recorded history was probably a Shire gelding named
608:
563:
528:
488:
A bay-coloured Shire, showing
Clydesdale influence in colour and markings
399:
340:
306:
282:
274:
266:
177:
153:
31:
1555:
1525:
1485:
597:
551:
may be black, bay, brown, grey or roan. In the UK stallions may not be
294:
107:
1505:
647:
573:
muscular and short and the hindquarters long and wide. Not too much
435:
364:
317:
813:
577:
is to occur on the legs, and the hair is fine, straight, and silky.
30:
This article is about the breed of horse. For the British band, see
1309:"Thwaites brewery shire horse retires after 15 years of deliveries"
670:
589:
520:
403:
1588:
559:
548:
372:
1290:"Robinsons Brewery Stockport - Visitors Centre and Shire horses"
484:
464:
Between the 1920s and 1930s and today, the Shire has changed in
461:
through frozen semen was with several Australian mares in 1997.
1540:
604:
353:
426:
1399:
663:
630:
The Shire horse was originally the staple breed used to draw
286:
248:
837:. Wellingborough: Patrick Stephens Limited. pp. 45–63.
782:
1467:
786:
Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding
735:. London; New York; Stuttgart; Moscow: Dorling Kindersley.
544:
349:
1660:
Conservation Priority Breeds of the Livestock Conservancy
380:
816:. Canadian Shire Horse Association. Accessed March 2019.
759:. Shire Horse Society. 13 September 2023. Archived from
297:
for road transport. One traditional use was for pulling
46:
359:
The English Great Horse was valued during the reign of
1146:"Chronic Progressive Lymphedema (CPL) in Draft Horses"
1390:
367:
brought an end to the use of heavy horses in battle.
293:
was the principal means of goods transport, and as a
885:
987:. International Museum of the Horse. Archived from
555:, but the colour is allowed by the US association.
386:From this medieval horse came an animal called the
1122:. American Shire Horse Association. Archived from
1148:. University of California, Davis. Archived from
860:
379:with them when they came to England to drain the
1641:
954:. Tonbridge, UK: Farming Press. pp. 11–13.
1095:"Equus Survival Trust Equine Conservation List"
814:Welcome to the Canadian Shire Horse Association
1306:
562:of grown stallions is about 178 cm (17.2
1376:
865:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 381.
1039:. Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Archived from
1173:The Horse: A Miscellany of Equine Knowledge
856:
854:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
1383:
1369:
949:
863:International Encyclopedia of Horse Breeds
316:was formed in 1876, and in 1878 the first
45:
1221:"The Shire Horses at Work in the Brewery"
1120:"ASHA Standard of Conformation Guideline"
1112:
727:
725:
723:
721:
596:limbs. The disease is similar to chronic
160:gelding 168 cm (16.2 h) minimum
1197:. Wadworth & Co, Ltd. Archived from
851:
832:
683:
483:
425:
418:This horse is usually recognised as the
339:
1055:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
751:
749:
14:
1642:
975:
973:
971:
950:Ward, John (1998). "The Shire Horse".
828:
826:
824:
822:
718:
163:mare 163 cm (16.0 h) minimum
1364:
1223:. Hook Norton Brewery. Archived from
1170:Julie Whitaker, Ian Whitelaw (2007).
1164:
1013:. Shire Horse Society. Archived from
702:. Shire Horse Society. Archived from
932:
746:
457:. The first use within the breed of
1665:Animal breeds on the RBST Watchlist
1655:Horse breeds originating in England
1339:"Time called on Tetley dray horses"
968:
819:
807:
776:
618:(also known as Sampson), foaled in
24:
1307:Mathieson, Amy (29 October 2008).
514:
507:lists it as "critical", while the
25:
1681:
1392:Horse breeds of the British Isles
430:A grey Shire employed in forestry
344:A pair of Shire horses ploughing
1176:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
234:Shire Horse Society of Australia
229:American Shire Horse Association
1331:
1300:
1282:
1260:
1239:
1213:
1187:
1138:
1087:
1029:
1011:"About the Shire Horse Society"
1003:
700:"Standard of Points for Shires"
906:
879:
731:Elwyn Hartley Edwards (1994).
582:chronic progressive lymphedema
499:of the Shire is listed by the
13:
1:
892:. Globe Pequot. p. 178.
886:Swinney, Nicola Jane (2006).
733:The Encyclopedia of the Horse
676:
669:The horses are also used for
1063:"Conservation Priority List"
322:mechanisation of agriculture
7:
920:. Oklahoma State University
835:The Book of the Heavy Horse
638:in Devizes, Wiltshire, the
152:stallion 173 cm (17.0
10:
1686:
861:Hendricks, Bonnie (2007).
558:The average height at the
501:Rare Breeds Survival Trust
335:
327:Rare Breeds Survival Trust
29:
1625:
1587:
1554:
1466:
1398:
1068:The Livestock Conservancy
985:Horse Breeds of the World
889:Horse Breeds of the World
673:work and leisure riding.
539:or have large amounts of
242:
219:
214:
191:
173:
141:
118:
113:
99:
76:
68:
56:
44:
1294:www.robinsonsbrewery.com
952:The Working Horse Manual
644:Samuel Smith Old Brewery
51:Shire pulling a carriage
773:Accessed February 2019.
757:"About the Shire Horse"
625:
511:calls it "vulnerable".
459:artificial insemination
445:Around the time of the
394:, of Dishley Grange in
192:Distinguishing features
1247:"Samuel Smith Brewery"
1100:. Equus Survival Trust
489:
431:
345:
265:is a British breed of
27:British breed of horse
1617:Yorkshire Coach Horse
505:Livestock Conservancy
487:
429:
343:
128:stallions 900–1100 kg
1628:List of horse breeds
1476:British Spotted Pony
1201:on 18 September 2013
509:Equus Survival Trust
249:Equus ferus caballus
131:geldings 850–1100 kg
1227:on 26 November 2011
981:"Shire Draft Horse"
918:Breeds of Livestock
763:on 26 November 2020
640:Hook Norton Brewery
497:conservation status
420:foundation stallion
305:and for commercial
289:at a time when the
224:Shire Horse Society
57:Conservation status
41:
1152:on 3 February 2013
1126:on 13 January 2013
991:on 29 October 2007
789:(Sixth ed.).
535:. They may not be
490:
432:
356:as early as 1145.
346:
39:
1634:
1633:
1612:Old English Black
1438:Irish Sport Horse
1408:British Warmblood
1313:Horse & Hound
1270:. Merchant du Vin
1075:on 15 August 2024
1017:on 10 August 2011
872:978-0-8061-3884-8
833:Hart, E. (1986).
791:CAB International
706:on 2 January 2019
652:Robinsons Brewery
388:Old English Black
259:
258:
69:Country of origin
16:(Redirected from
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1319:on 18 March 2012
1315:. Archived from
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1071:. Archived from
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1043:on 24 March 2009
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656:Thwaites Brewery
636:Wadworth Brewery
447:Second World War
269:. It is usually
251:
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49:
42:
38:
21:
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1607:Norfolk Trotter
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517:
515:Characteristics
392:Robert Bakewell
377:Friesian horses
369:Oliver Cromwell
338:
255:
247:
238:
215:Breed standards
210:
169:
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137:
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95:
52:
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23:
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15:
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1365:
1357:
1356:
1330:
1299:
1281:
1268:"Samuel Smith"
1259:
1238:
1212:
1195:"Shire Horses"
1186:
1163:
1137:
1111:
1086:
1054:
1028:
1002:
967:
960:
931:
905:
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878:
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850:
843:
818:
806:
799:
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745:
717:
681:
680:
678:
675:
632:brewer's drays
627:
624:
586:hyperkeratosis
541:white markings
516:
513:
474:cross-breeding
396:Leicestershire
337:
334:
299:brewer's drays
257:
256:
254:
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243:
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207:feathered legs
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83:United Kingdom
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72:United Kingdom
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26:
9:
6:
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3:
2:
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1598:
1597:Galloway pony
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1448:Suffolk Punch
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1436:
1434:
1433:Irish Draught
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1426:
1424:
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1416:
1414:
1413:Cleveland Bay
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1182:9780312371081
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961:0-85236-401-6
957:
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899:1-59228-990-8
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844:0-85059-640-8
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815:
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800:9781780647944
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1453:Thoroughbred
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1037:"Watchlist"
662:brewery in
609:dynamometer
600:in humans.
531:, brown or
184:, brown or
32:Shirehorses
1644:Categories
1531:New Forest
1418:Clydesdale
1252:14 January
741:0751301159
677:References
598:lymphedema
575:feathering
470:Clydesdale
361:Henry VIII
295:cart-horse
198:large size
1521:Kerry Bog
1481:Connemara
1458:Welsh Cob
1423:Gypsy Cob
1349:8 October
1274:8 October
1231:8 October
1205:8 October
1130:4 October
1104:7 October
1079:19 August
1047:7 October
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648:Tadcaster
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318:stud-book
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283:farm work
156:) minimum
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60:At risk (
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1516:Highland
1491:Dartmoor
1343:BBC News
1323:2 August
1021:2 August
710:2 August
671:forestry
590:fibrosis
553:chestnut
549:geldings
404:Flanders
1589:Extinct
1511:Hackney
1496:Eriskay
1428:Hackney
914:"Shire"
767:8 March
616:Mammoth
560:withers
523:may be
373:cavalry
348:Though
336:History
202:draught
104:draught
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1541:Welara
1501:Exmoor
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303:riding
287:barges
174:Colour
142:Height
119:Weight
114:Traits
89:Canada
1556:Types
1546:Welsh
1526:Lundy
1486:Dales
1443:Shire
1098:(PDF)
664:Leeds
564:hands
545:Mares
525:black
400:Dutch
277:, or
271:black
263:Shire
182:black
154:hands
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1569:Hack
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1351:2009
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769:2016
737:ISBN
712:2011
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626:Uses
571:back
547:and
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350:oxen
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