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432:. Horses are hitched to a light four-wheeled cart and shown in a manner that emphasizes flashy action and dramatic performance. Refined pony breeds and certain light saddle horse breeds noted for their action are most often seen in fine harness. Most fine harness competition requires horses to perform a bit of a walk, and two types of a high-action "park" trot, a slow trot with more controlled but elegant action, and a faster, flashier trot where the horse exhibits the most animation possible, often announced by the command "show your horses" (or "show your ponies" in the case of pony shows).
357:
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38:
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376:. The cones are set up in pairs spaced 170 cm apart, with balls on top of each cone, and 10 to 18 pairs per course. Competitors run the course one at a time and must be accurate to navigate between the cones and avoid knocking off any balls, which incurs a time penalty. The fastest time wins. Scurry driving was developed in the UK in the 1960s as a modification of
422:, sometimes called Carriage driving in some nations: Horses and ponies are usually hitched to a light, two-wheeled cart (four-wheeled fine harness carts are also seen, particularly at the highest levels of competition), and shown at a walk and two speeds of trot, with an emphasis on manners. Nearly any breed of horse can be trained for pleasure driving.
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are the pair (or in tandem, the single animal) closest to the vehicle. They provide the main braking effort, slowing the vehicle and controlling it downhill by pulling back on the pole or shafts. The strength of the wheelers is often the limiting factor in determining the maximum safe load for a
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competition where horses compete in one, two, and four-horse teams, pulling appropriately designed light carriages or carts. They are expected to perform an arena-based "dressage" class where precision and control are emphasized, a cross-country "marathon" section that emphasizes fitness and
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A particular pair of horses are often worked together all the time. They also may often be hitched the same way as well – each animal always placed on the right-hand or left-hand side. Traditionally, pairs are often given paired names, as in the well-known example of the names of
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etc. Sometimes other arrangements are used, such as the "unicorn" (one animal in front of a pair), and the "pickaxe" (three animals in front of a pair). Teams larger than six are generally limited to situations where large loads must be hauled over difficult ground. For example,
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vehicle – while all the animals can pull uphill, only the wheelers can hold the vehicle downhill. For this reason, the strongest pair in a team may be chosen as the wheelers. Wheelers also steer the vehicle by turning the pole or shafts.
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Even after the chariot had become obsolete as a tool of war, there still was a need for technological innovations in pulling technologies as larger horses were needed to pull heavier loads of both supplies and weapons. The invention of the
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Historically, very heavy loads were sometimes controlled downhill by additional pairs hitched behind the vehicle. Such additional pairs were often hired to passing vehicles to help them either up or down a particularly steep hill.
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in the southern Urals, circa 2000 BC. However, shortly thereafter, the expansion of the domestic horse throughout Europe was little short of explosive. In the space of possibly 500 years, there is evidence of horse-drawn
240:), wherein a horse is driven without a cart by a handler walking behind or behind and to the side of the animal. This technique is used in the early stages of training horses for riding as well as for driving.
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Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and
Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 2, Mechanical Engineering. Taipei: Caves Books Ltd., pp. 317-322.
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or breast collars used in earlier times. The horse collar arrived in Europe during the 9th century, and became widespread throughout Europe by the 12th century.
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and breeching, which allowed a horse to move faster and pull more weight. The breastcollar style harness is still used today for pulling lightweight vehicles.
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is more than one animal used together for draft. The animals may be arranged in various ways. While a single animal is usually placed between two shafts, a
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evidence that horses were ridden before they were driven, the most unequivocal evidence of domestication and use of the horse as a driving animal are the
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performance competition is done in harness. Draft horses compete in both single and multiple hitches, judged on manners and performance.
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are all the animals in front of the wheelers. As they are also in front of the pole or shafts they cannot provide any braking effort.
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competitions, where single or teams of horses and their drivers vie to determine who can pull the most weight for a short distance.
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so they can pull back on the shafts or pole; leaders do not need breeching, and nor do animals pulling a dragged load such as a
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438:: A horse show competition, usually for ponies, (a few light horse breeds also offer roadster classes), where exhibitors wear
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is a team hitched in a single row of three: the center horse in shafts and each of the other two hitched on either side. A
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Larger teams are usually in pairs, with four, six or even more animals overall; driving these is known as driving
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and other internal combustion vehicles, the need for driving horses diminished, beginning with the end of
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hitch has one rear animal in shafts, then one or more others hitched ahead of the first in single file.
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in Greece, Egypt, and
Mesopotamia. By another 500 years, the horse-drawn chariot had spread to China.
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Arabian Horse
Association of Southern California, Revised Collector's Edition, Rich Publishing, 1973.
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team. Pleasure competitions are judged on the turnout/neatness or suitability of horse and carriage.
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Chamberlin, J. Edward. Horse: How the Horse Has Shaped
Civilizations. Bluebridge, 2006, p. 166-167
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and working them in this way. It encompasses a wide range of activities from pleasure driving, to
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Wheelers and leaders in a team usually have somewhat different harness: wheelers usually have
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continued to refine the art of proper training and driving techniques. In addition, many
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equipment designed to be pulled by animals. In many parts of the world they still pull
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595:: Dasher and Dancer, Prancer and Vixen, Comet and Cupid, Donner and Blitzen.
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competition, the following general categories of competition are seen:
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worlds keeping interest alive, and the development of the sport of
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in many different ways. For working purposes, they can pull a
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plowing teams were once common on the heavy soils of southern
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The animals in a large team have different tasks. The
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endurance, and a "stadium" or "cones" obstacle course.
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were used in the mid-19th century for hauling ore in
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for basic hauling and transportation. They may draw
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purposes, "driving" may also include the practice of
796:"Scurry Driving: Your New Favorite Equestrian Sport"
664:around their necks, in a manner similar to that of
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were an ancient people who drove horses in chariots
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62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
368:is a speed competition in which competitors drive
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122:Learn how and when to remove this message
1956:Equestrian events at the Summer Olympics
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809:"Getting started in scurry driving"
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807:Phillips, Carol (June 5, 2001).
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821:"Scurry Driving Association"
767:Equestrianism § Harness
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73: –
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67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
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45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
2194:Winged horse
2189:White horses
2086:Horse breeds
2077:Horse breeds
2067:World War II
1951:Horse racing
1940:
1836:Conformation
1700:Driving club
1689:
1599:Bearing rein
1541:Coachbuilder
1343:Jaunting car
1276:Chasse-marée
1062:Four-in-hand
929:Four-wheeled
865:
860:
824:. Retrieved
812:
799:
787:
762:Driving club
728:World War II
713:
697:horse collar
693:
670:
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628:
625:Horse collar
589:
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561:
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531:South Africa
517:
513:four-in-hand
511:
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457:
451:
447:
440:racing silks
429:
426:Fine harness
414:four-in-hand
365:
353:
333:
325:draft horses
314:
242:
238:long reining
237:
233:
227:
157:
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118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
2116:Stock horse
2111:Sport horse
2096:Feral horse
2091:Draft horse
2062:World War I
2009:Middle Ages
1695:Draft horse
1634:Horse brass
1576:Wheelwright
1551:Hammercloth
1449:Sled/sleigh
1442:Non-wheeled
1383:Sprung cart
1229:Two-wheeled
1178:State coach
1172:Stage wagon
1136:Post chaise
757:Draft horse
744:third world
724:World War I
518:six-in-hand
396:draft horse
384:, then the
327:compete in
315:Horses can
234:long-lining
214:horse shows
196:, or other
2250:Categories
2159:Hippomancy
2126:Wild horse
1978:Equitation
1973:Horse show
1906:Horse tack
1856:Management
1841:Coat color
1814:management
1724:Categories
1571:Wainwright
1478:Chuckwagon
1337:Hansom cab
1166:Stagecoach
1141:Road Coach
1115:Mail coach
826:August 27,
779:References
732:horse show
716:automobile
615:See also:
543:California
465:See also:
336:horse show
82:newspapers
2206:Symbolism
2201:Sacrifice
2164:Mythology
2121:Warmblood
2079:and types
2047:East Asia
1999:Evolution
1961:medalists
1884:and sport
1871:Slaughter
1866:Valuation
1861:Nutrition
1731:Carriages
1680:Postilion
1614:Breeching
1556:Shaft bow
1358:Ralli car
1244:Cape cart
1238:Cabriolet
1220:Wagonette
1210:Vis-à-vis
1195:Tarantass
1126:Park Drag
1037:Dos-à-dos
1031:Diligence
1003:Charabanc
973:Buckboard
922:carriages
635:Sintashta
577:breeching
448:road gait
281:carriages
259:or other
140:Welsh Cob
112:July 2011
2232:Category
1831:Breeding
1826:Behavior
1670:Coachman
1604:Blinders
1388:Stanhope
1291:Curricle
1269:Quadriga
1205:Victoria
1156:Sociable
1146:Rockaway
1100:Karozzin
1089:Horsecar
1009:Clarence
993:Carryall
968:Brougham
948:Barouche
750:See also
681:chariots
643:chariots
562:wheelers
556:A Troika
535:ox-wagon
467:Teamster
452:at speed
436:Roadster
406:antiques
394:: Most
243:Horses,
186:carriage
2211:Worship
2184:Unicorn
2174:Chinese
2169:Centaur
2154:Fiction
2136:Culture
2039:Warfare
2019:Britain
1992:History
1983:Therapy
1941:Driving
1926:Harness
1821:Anatomy
1690:Driving
1675:Footman
1663:Related
1629:Crupper
1591:Harness
1508:Trolley
1470:drayage
1454:Travois
1433:Whiskey
1428:Volante
1413:Tumbrel
1403:Tilbury
1296:Dogcart
1286:Croydon
1254:Chariot
1131:Phaeton
1105:Kibitka
1047:Droshky
988:Cariole
963:Britzka
720:tractor
685:harness
621:Chariot
599:History
570:leaders
527:England
253:harness
249:donkeys
202:harness
178:equines
174:donkeys
158:Driving
144:harness
96:scholar
2179:Nordic
2149:Burial
1966:venues
1921:Saddle
1916:Bridle
1846:Genome
1805:Horses
1756:Images
1705:Tandem
1685:Livery
1649:Terret
1644:Saddle
1624:Collar
1619:Bridle
1503:Telega
1459:Troika
1348:Kalesa
1321:Gharry
1281:Cidomo
1190:Surrey
1183:Gilded
1110:Landau
1095:Jingle
1078:Herdic
1073:Hearse
1052:Fiacre
998:Chaise
983:Calash
953:Berlin
852:
718:, the
673:Hyksos
658:onager
623:, and
609:Hyksos
521:eight-
504:tandem
498:troika
473:, and
410:tandem
374:gallop
370:ponies
269:wagons
224:Styles
212:work,
194:sleigh
166:ponies
162:horses
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
1736:Carts
1654:Trace
1639:Lines
1523:Wagon
1518:Vardo
1498:Lorry
1493:Float
1398:Tanga
1393:Sulky
1378:Sjees
1311:Float
1301:Dokar
1264:Triga
1215:Vozok
1200:Triga
1026:Coupé
1014:Coach
978:Buggy
958:Brake
943:Bandy
938:Araba
709:yokes
701:China
677:Egypt
654:Sumer
533:(see
461:Teams
321:sulky
265:carts
245:mules
208:, to
182:wagon
180:to a
172:, or
170:mules
103:JSTOR
89:books
1851:Gait
1408:Trap
1368:Shay
1316:Gari
1306:Ekka
1259:Biga
1249:Cart
1042:Drag
920:and
850:ISBN
828:2024
734:and
666:oxen
662:yoke
607:The
581:plow
568:The
537:).
493:pair
489:team
450:and
277:logs
261:farm
257:plow
247:and
228:For
210:farm
190:cart
75:news
2144:Art
1911:Bit
1327:Gig
1057:Fly
699:in
412:or
347:FEI
334:In
287:is
275:or
142:in
58:by
2252::
873:^
839:^
811:.
798:.
668:.
619:,
549:.
523:ox
516:,
487:A
469:,
271:,
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192:,
188:,
184:,
168:,
164:,
138:A
1797:e
1790:t
1783:v
1339:‡
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1016:‡
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236:(
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119:(
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110:(
100:·
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20:)
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