412:) for the live vaccine). Vaccination is only used where the virus is widespread in the domestic pig population and/or in wild or feral pigs. In the latter case, a slaughter policy alone is usually impracticable. Instead, countries within the EU have implemented hunting restrictions designed to limit the movement of infected boars, as well as using marker and emergency vaccines to inhibit the spread of infection. Possible sources for maintaining and introducing infection include the wide transport of pigs and pork products, as well as endemic CSF within wild boar and feral pig populations.
51:
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668:"Bioweapons, Biodiversity, and Ecocide: Potential Effects of Biological Weapons on Biological DiversityBioweapon disease outbreaks could cause the extinction of endangered wildlife species, the erosion of genetic diversity in domesticated plants and animals, the destruction of traditional human livelihoods, and the extirpation of indigenous cultures"
384:
born to infected but subclinical sows help maintain the disease within a population. Other signs can include lethargy, fever, immunosuppression, chronic diarrhoea, and secondary respiratory infections. The incubation period of CSF ranges from 2 to 14 days, but clinical signs may not be apparent until
270:
In the acute form of the disease, in all age groups, there is fever, huddling of sick animals, loss of appetite, dullness, weakness, conjunctivitis, constipation followed by diarrhoea, and an unsteady gait. Several days after the onset of clinical signs, the ears, abdomen and inner thighs may show a
623:
van
Regenmortel, M.H.V., Fauquet, C.M., Bishop, D.H.L., Carstens, E.B., Estes, M.K., Lemon, S.M., Maniloff, J., Mayo, M.A., McGeoch, D.J., Pringle, C.R. and Wickner, R.B. (2000). Virus taxonomy. Seventh report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Academic Press, San Diego. 1162
636:
Murphy, F. A., Fauquet, C. M., Bishop, D. H. L., Ghabrial, S. A., Jarvis, A. W. Martelli, G. P. Mayo, M. A. & Summers, M. D.(eds) (1995). Virus
Taxonomy. Sixthreport of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Archives of Virology Supplement 10,
376:
Less virulent strains can give rise to subacute or chronic infections that may escape detection, while still causing abortions and stillbirths. In these cases, herds in high-risk areas are usually serologically tested on a thorough statistical basis.
385:
after 2 to 3 weeks. Preventive state regulations usually assume 21 days as the outside limit of the incubation period. Animals with an acute infection can survive 2 to 3 months before their eventual death.
545:
Histology of the brain shows vasculoendothelial proliferation and perivascular cuffing (cuffing is highly suggestive when accompanied by other signs, but is not pathognomonic for the disease).
299:
The disease is endemic in much of Asia, [Central and South
America, and parts of Europe and Africa. It was believed to have been eradicated in the United Kingdom by 1966 (according to the
365:
The effect of different CSFV strains varies widely, leading to a wide range of clinical signs. Highly virulent strains correlate with acute, obvious disease and high mortality, including
1202:
1083:
524:
test – detection of viral RNA in samples, especially useful to differentiate strains. Direct genetic typing for CSF was first developed by
Greiser-Wilke
388:
Eradicating CSF is problematic. Current programmes revolve around rapid detection, diagnosis, and slaughter. This may possibly be followed by emergency vaccination (
1208:
815:
965:
Moennig, V; Floegel-Niesmann, G; Greiser-Wilke, I (2003-01-01). "Clinical Signs and
Epidemiology of Classical Swine Fever: A Review of New Knowledge".
300:
1185:
869:
Moennig, V.; Floegel-Niesmann, G.; Greiser-Wilke, I. (2003). "Clinical Signs and
Epidemiology of Classical Swine Fever: A Review of New Knowledge".
652:, The Center for Food Security and Public Health / The Institute for International Cooperation in Animal Biologics, College of Veterinary Medicine,
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A small fraction of the infected pigs may survive and are rendered immune. Artificial immunization procedures were first developed by
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Other regions believed free of CSF include
Australia, Belgium (1998), Canada (1962), Ireland, New Zealand, and Scandinavia.
745:
271:
purple discoloration. Animals with acute disease die within 1–2 weeks. Severe cases of the disease appear very similar to
521:
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267:
The disease has acute and chronic forms, and can range from severe, with high mortality, to mild or even unapparent.
721:
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declared that the United States was free of the disease. The appearance of CSF in Italy and Spain was traced by
1396:
463:
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362:. CSFV is closely related to the ruminant pestiviruses that cause bovine viral diarrhoea and border disease.
1179:
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275:. With low-virulence strains, the only expression may be poor reproductive performance and the birth of
50:
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Blome, Sandra; Staubach, Christoph; Henke, Julia; Carlson, Jolene; Beer, Martin (2017-04-21).
1411:
1401:
823:
771:
Arzt; et al. (2010). "Agricultural
Diseases on the Move Early in the Third Millennium".
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Fluorescent antibody test (FAT) – detection of viral protein using
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884:
780:
679:
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560:
99:
28:
511:) – detection of host animal antibody response in serum samples.
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Pinpoint hemorrhages on the kidneys are characteristic of classical swine fever.
338:
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1385:
1300:
1108:
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896:
784:
693:
87:
1081:
Paton, D.J.; Greiser-Wilke, I. (2003). "Classical swine fever – an update".
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518: – detection of viral protein (antigen) in serum samples.
304:
819:
466: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
370:
352:
257:
253:
147:
1182:
at OIE. WAHID Interface – OIE World Animal Health
Information Database
1140:"Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals 2022"
381:
324:
276:
1199:, United Kingdom Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs
1045:
535:
Virus isolation – isolation of virus in cell culture.
529:
75:
1230:
964:
868:
441:
421:
1 – including 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, the unassigned 1.x
1294:
1253:
1167:
1092:
937:
880:
582:"Renaming four species and creating seven new species in the genus
1215:
Center for Food
Security and Public Health: Classical Swine Fever
1203:
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service: Classical Swine Fever
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10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0583:BBAEPE]2.0.CO;2
1197:
Classical swine fever: how to spot and report the disease
1020:
746:"Agricultural Hall of Fame :: Hall of Fame Inductee"
722:"Marion Dorset: American Biochemist/Colleen Farrell 2002"
350:
CSFV (previously called hog cholera virus) of the genus
666:
Dudley, Joseph P.; Woodford, Michael H. (1 July 2002).
1192:
European Commission Animal Health & Welfare on CSF
864:
862:
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Hog cholera ravaged countryside in 1913 – Pantagraph
1145:. World Organization for Animal Health. 28 June 2022
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279:with neurologic defects such as congenital tremor.
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761:, Marion Dorset/National Agricultural Hall of Fame
301:Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
1180:Current status of Classical Swine Fever worldwide
20:"Swine Fever" redirects here. For the novel, see
1383:
1223:, National Invasive Species Information Center,
1071:
993:
919:"Exotic animal diseases - Classical swine fever"
539:
528:, 2000 to trace descendants of the 1997-1998 EU
427:3 – including 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4
1168:CSF page of Pig Disease Information Centre (UK)
816:"PFOP: Hog cholera ravaged countryside in 1913"
665:
590:International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
580:Smith, Donald B.; et al. (31 May 2017).
260:and usually (particularly in young animals)
215:
1225:United States National Agricultural Library
424:2 – including 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
407:
397:
1205:, United States Department of Agriculture
1054:
1044:
1023:"Classical Swine Fever—An Updated Review"
813:
683:
645:
643:
507:Serum Enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (
482:Learn how and when to remove this message
929:
573:
337:
232:). It has been mentioned as a potential
190:Hog cholera (European swine fever) virus
1221:Species Profile – Classical Swine Fever
556:2007 Central Luzon hog cholera outbreak
1384:
1188:, World Organisation for Animal Health
640:
346:The infectious agent responsible is a
1235:
1234:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
579:
402:) for the inactivated viral vaccine,
770:
464:adding citations to reliable sources
435:
323:, 2000 traced these to shipments of
220:) is a highly contagious disease of
1407:Biological anti-agriculture weapons
938:"Molecular Biology of Pestiviruses"
13:
1123:
14:
1423:
1211:(Bloomington, Illinois newspaper)
1161:
942:Animal Viruses: Molecular Biology
495:Standard diagnostic tests include
317:in a retroactive genetic analysis
239:
440:
49:
958:
911:
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502:fluorescent labelled antibodies
451:needs additional citations for
303:), but an outbreak occurred in
294:
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1084:Research in Veterinary Science
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700:
659:
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614:
307:in 2000. On January 31, 1978
1:
1101:10.1016/s0034-5288(03)00076-6
979:10.1016/S1090-0233(02)00112-0
889:10.1016/s1090-0233(02)00112-0
566:
540:Histopathological examination
814:Bill Kemp (April 17, 2016).
431:
7:
1286:Classical swine fever virus
936:Rumenapf and Thiel (2008).
603:Classical swine fever virus
549:
180:Classical swine fever virus
10:
1428:
944:. Caister Academic Press.
415:
18:
1284:
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214:based on the German word
176:
169:
44:
37:
785:10.1177/0300985809354350
656:, update September 2009.
333:
27:Not to be confused with
1217:, Iowa State University
708:"Classical swine fever"
210:(also sometimes called
1186:Technical Disease card
967:The Veterinary Journal
872:The Veterinary Journal
343:
327:from the Netherlands.
216:
16:Viral disease of swine
1397:Animal viral diseases
824:Bloomington, Illinois
654:Iowa State University
650:Classical Swine Fever
341:
200:Classical swine fever
773:Veterinary Pathology
460:improve this article
46:Virus classification
925:on August 22, 2003.
273:African swine fever
244:Swine fever causes
22:Swine Fever (novel)
1173:2012-03-07 at the
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1237:Taxon identifiers
951:978-1-904455-22-6
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373:within the skin.
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185:Hog cholera virus
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1412:Flaviviridae
1402:Pestiviruses
1316:Pestivirus C
1285:
1245:Pestivirus C
1244:
1147:. Retrieved
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973:(1): 11–20.
970:
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750:the original
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607:Pestivirus C
606:
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458:Please help
453:verification
450:
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367:neurological
364:
359:Flaviviridae
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313:Bob Bergland
298:
295:Epidemiology
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283:Immunization
269:
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250:skin lesions
243:
217:Schweinepest
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162:Pestivirus C
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137:Flaviviridae
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59:(unranked):
39:Pestivirus C
38:
31:(swine flu).
1310:Wikispecies
1149:10 November
1095:: 169–178.
829:February 9,
371:hemorrhages
305:East Anglia
258:infarctions
254:convulsions
208:hog cholera
1386:Categories
820:Pantagraph
756:2015-04-06
672:BioScience
584:Pestivirus
567:References
472:March 2022
369:signs and
353:Pestivirus
311:Secretary
256:, splenic
212:pig plague
149:Pestivirus
1260:Q51930344
1109:0034-5288
897:1090-0233
883:: 11–20.
694:0006-3568
595:21 August
530:epizootic
504:in tissue
432:Diagnosis
380:Infected
234:bioweapon
226:Old World
156:Species:
84:Kingdom:
77:Riboviria
1343:11459490
1295:Wikidata
1254:Wikidata
1171:Archived
1117:13129664
1093:Elsevier
1065:28430168
987:12618065
905:12618065
881:Elsevier
801:31753926
793:20080480
605:becomes
550:See also
514:Antigen
404:QI09AD04
394:QI09AA06
171:Synonyms
132:Family:
96:Phylum:
1301:Q683770
1056:5408692
1028:Viruses
522:RT-qPCR
416:Strains
406: (
396: (
392:codes:
382:piglets
325:piglets
277:piglets
144:Genus:
120:Order:
108:Class:
1330:541187
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1039:: 86.
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799:
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526:et al.
390:ATCvet
321:et al.
1369:11096
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1338:IRMNG
1274:776J8
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1091:(3).
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732:(PDF)
725:(PDF)
516:ELISA
509:ELISA
348:virus
334:Virus
262:death
246:fever
222:swine
206:) or
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63:Virus
1364:NCBI
1151:2022
1113:PMID
1105:ISSN
1061:PMID
1037:MDPI
983:PMID
946:ISBN
901:PMID
893:ISSN
831:2020
789:PMID
690:ISSN
597:2019
309:USDA
228:and
1351:ISC
1325:EoL
1269:CoL
1097:doi
1051:PMC
1041:doi
975:doi
971:165
885:doi
877:165
781:doi
680:doi
637:590
624:pp.
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601:...
462:by
409:WHO
399:WHO
204:CSF
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