253:
1682:
2663:
2414:
1339:
2691:
641:) of 1907. Those two codes had been most advanced in their systematic structure and classification from fundamental and general principles to specific areas of law (e.g. contract law, labour law, inheritance law). While the French Civil Code was structured in a "casuistic" approach attempting to regulate every possible case, the German BGB and the later Swiss ZGB applied a more abstract and systematic approach. Therefore, the BGB had a great deal of influence on later codification projects in countries as diverse as
1640:
2244:
2212:
2168:
3143:
2446:
2007:
3537:
1460:
2062:
1898:
1485:
3547:
2735:
2365:
2308:
2808:
1312:
2544:
1730:
1285:
1255:
305:
80:
2776:
2595:
2512:
2479:
2036:
1865:
2139:
2088:
1760:
1595:
1837:
1429:
39:
2270:
1397:
1369:
2570:
1788:
1943:
2632:
1971:
182:
445:
953:
was replaced by a new text). Brazilian Civil Code of 1916 was considered, by many, as the last code of the 19th century despite being adopted in the 20th century. The reason behind that is that the
Brazilian Code of 1916 was the last of the important codes from the era of codifications in the world
1823:
Inspired by
Justinian's sixth-century codification of Roman law. Differ with comprehensive rewrite including earlier rules, in a rational structure rather than a religious content. This made laws clearer and more accessible and superseded the conflict between royal and judges legislative power. This
1220:
Pandectism also had an influence on the earlier codes and their interpretation. For example, Austrian civil law is typically taught according to the
Pandect System (which was devised by German scholars in the time between the enactment of the Austrian and the German Codes), even though this is not
2973:
675:
remained untouched by the codification movement. The particular tradition of the civil code originally enacted in a country is often thought to have a lasting influence on the methodology employed in legal interpretation. Scholars of
990:) from 1870, with local modifications being latter introduced. It continued to be in effect in the former Portuguese India even after the end of the Portuguese rule in 1961. It is still in force in the present Indian territories of
1010:(ex-Portuguese Timor), the Portuguese Code was replaced by the Indonesian Code when Indonesia occupied that territory in 1975. Macau adopted its own Civil Code in 1999, although this being based in the Portuguese Code of 1966.
4277:
4047:
1876:
617:
based their civil code on the
Napoleonic code. Rather, the drafters of the code were instructed to write a civil code based on the current laws, and the laws that were in effect at the time were Spanish laws based on
3502:
1296:
4637:
4607:
4512:
1824:
code prohibits judges from deciding a case by way of introducing a general rule — an exercise of legislative — thus, there is no rule of stare decisis (binding precedent) in French law, but some jurisprudence
4192:
4632:
4381:
4032:
3512:
4562:
664:. This has replaced most of the Compilation of the Civil Law of Catalonia, several special laws and two partial codes. Only the Sixth book, relating to obligations and contracts, has to be approved.
4612:
4052:
3426:
1706:
3712:
4452:
3642:
3471:
1705:
The legislation of the Civil Code of China was started in 1954, after the first
Constitution was adopted. However, legislation was stopped and resumed for several times, while China adopted
4502:
3961:
3576:
2702:
954:
that had strong liberal influences, and all other codes enacted thereafter were deeply influenced by the social ideals that emerged after World War I and the Soviet
Socialist Revolution.
840:
promulgated its own civil code (based on a project of 1847), which was not a simple copy or imitation of the French one, but presented a more original text based on the
Castillan law (of
4517:
4412:
3168:
2149:
4602:
4567:
4303:
3849:
3662:
1006:. As Macau and Portuguese Timor were still under Portuguese rule when the Portuguese Civil Code of 1868 was replaced by that of 1966, this later was adopted by these territories. In
4522:
4067:
3910:
3687:
3261:
4350:
4346:
3507:
577:, which is strongly reflected by its content. The French code was the most influential one because it was introduced in many countries standing under French occupation during the
854:
in 1855, an original work in confront with the French code both for the scheme and for the contents (similar to the
Castillan law in force in that territory) that was written by
3925:
3877:
3774:
3466:
4622:
1036:
Many legal systems of other countries in Asia are within the civil law tradition and have enacted a civil code, mostly derived from the German civil code; that is the case of
2624:; officially defunct in 1946 but mostly repealed in 1978 by a new Obligations Act; some articles which have no legal equivalent in current day Serbian law are still in force
4617:
4107:
3882:
3734:
3476:
1670:
287:. In some jurisdictions with a civil code, a number of the core areas of private law that would otherwise typically be codified in a civil code may instead be codified in a
4627:
4342:
4217:
4207:
4012:
3887:
3421:
3386:
3341:
4597:
4507:
4457:
4417:
4222:
4112:
4042:
3306:
3201:
2745:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4437:
4282:
4202:
4167:
4152:
4137:
4092:
4027:
3804:
3764:
3744:
3724:
3627:
3431:
3406:
3321:
3301:
3251:
3221:
3211:
4572:
4333:
4577:
4492:
4467:
4157:
3915:
3517:
3396:
3391:
4542:
4477:
4447:
4422:
4257:
4232:
4082:
4077:
4057:
4022:
4007:
3935:
3920:
3867:
3819:
3814:
3647:
3461:
3411:
3366:
3346:
3336:
3236:
3905:
192:
4557:
4552:
4482:
4462:
4329:
4320:
4311:
4242:
4212:
4197:
4182:
4172:
4162:
4127:
4122:
4072:
4017:
3992:
3754:
3707:
3702:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3652:
3637:
3632:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3436:
3351:
3331:
3216:
3206:
2787:
4497:
4487:
4432:
4427:
4388:
4252:
4247:
4187:
4142:
4102:
3997:
3930:
3872:
3829:
3809:
3784:
3779:
3759:
3729:
3697:
3657:
3481:
3316:
3296:
3286:
3246:
3231:
3226:
4547:
4472:
4307:
4227:
4177:
4132:
4117:
4097:
4087:
4002:
3749:
3522:
3441:
3401:
3376:
3356:
3266:
2046:
1121:
609:, and all other former French colonies which base their civil law systems to a strong extent on the Napoleonic Code. It is a misconception that the state of
1575:
4237:
4147:
4037:
3361:
3326:
3281:
3276:
1564:
505:
of 1756 in
Bavaria, still using the Latin language. It was followed in 1792 by a legal compilation that included civil, penal, and constitutional law, the
3016:
942:
516:
1721:, the Congressmen gathered in Beijing on May 22 to discuss and vote for the Civil Code. It was passed on May 28 and came into force on January 1, 2021.
520:
1535:
2281:
1136:
3968:
3583:
1692:
203:
1022:
660:
Since 2002 with the First law of the Civil Code of
Catalonia, Parliament of Catalonia's several laws have approved the successive books of the
761:, codification appears to be widespread at a first glance, but U.S. legal codes are actually collections of common law rules and a variety of
3175:
3085:
1546:
2406:. It also has a marked influence in the Macau Civil Code of 1999, the Brazilian Civil Code of 2002 and the Timor-Leste Civil Code of 2011.
2294:
1571:
1560:
1553:
1542:
1531:
2236:
Replaced the 1838 Civil Code in its entirety; came into force in 1992, replacing the Napoleonic-based code with a German-influenced code
1451:
769:
largely codifies common law doctrine and is very different in form and content from all other civil codes. Another unique example is the
507:
2386:
Replaced the Civil Code of 1868 in Portugal and its overseas territories. Besides being in force in Portugal, it is also in force in
1164:
The newer codes such as the ones of Germany, Switzerland, Greece, Portugal, Romania and Catalonia are structured according to the
3451:
1651:
967:
1266:
4374:
1890:
and the Civil Law of 1856; also locally the 1841 Ionian Civil Code, 1899 Civil Code of Samos, and the 1904 Cretan Civil Code
1350:
833:, in 1845, put into force the original Napoleonic code, in French language (a translation in Spanish was published in 1884).
597:(with the Civil Code of 1867, later replaced by the Civil Code of 1966, which is strongly influenced by the German BGB), the
501:
3075:, eds. Hector L. MacQueen, Antoni Vaquer, & Santiago Espiau Espiau (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 290-1.
2467:
Reproduction of the Spanish Civil Code, with the inclusion of some articles from the Louisiana Civil Code. Title 31 of the
2017:
144:
3110:
1709:
instead. In 2014, the current legislation procedure started, and the first part, the General Provisions, was adopted in
252:
1714:
1710:
116:
4658:
2865:
352:
239:
221:
163:
66:
1229:
The following is the list of national or regional civil codes by alphabetic order of names of countries or regions:
334:
2329:
Replaced in Portugal itself by the 1966 Civil Code. However, it is still in force in the territories of the former
2892:
Levasseur, Alain A., "A "Civil Law" Lawyer: Louis Casimir Elisabeth Moreau Lislet" (1996). Journal Articles. 323.
123:
949:
that was translated by the Argentines to prepare their project), that entered into effect in 1917 (in 2002, the
3954:
3569:
3024:
330:
101:
3769:
3371:
2501:
2254:
1818:
1030:
920:
2403:
130:
3161:
1527:
Replaced most of the Compilation of the Civil Law of Catalonia, several special laws and two partial codes
464:, when it was believed that all spheres of life could be dealt with in a conclusive system based on human
2354:
326:
97:
52:
3133:
2489:
1120:
The older civil codes such as the French, Egyptian, Austrian and Spanish ones are structured under the
890:
112:
27:
1848:
630:
3834:
3311:
3047:"A Description of the Structure of the Hellenic Republic, the Greek Legal System, and Legal Research"
2949:
2798:
633:(BGB), which was enacted in 1900 in the course of Germany's national unification project, and in the
453:
3193:
528:
394:
315:
3089:
196:
that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
3739:
3271:
1932:
1496:
978:
The Portuguese Civil Code of 1868 was introduced in the Portuguese overseas territories of Asia (
661:
512:
319:
284:
90:
2914:
2291:
819:
3789:
2837:
2350:
1003:
429:
479:
The first attempts at modern codification were made in the second half of the 18th century in
3844:
3794:
3692:
3622:
2904:
Alain A. Levasseur, The Major Periods of Louisiana Legal History, 41 Lov. L. REV. 585 (1996).
2893:
2883:
Alain A. Levasseur, The Major Periods of Louisiana Legal History, 41 Lov. L. REV. 585 (1996).
2818:
2554:
2425:
2376:
2099:
1470:
1070:
766:
288:
1582:
4663:
3839:
3799:
3682:
3416:
3381:
2580:
2523:
2072:
1407:
1379:
950:
906:
770:
681:
461:
378:
2500:
In force in Quebec until being replaced by the Civil Code of Quebec in 1994. Replaced the
8:
4062:
3824:
3719:
3491:
3291:
3256:
3241:
1981:
1770:
946:
728:
685:
532:
2468:
811:
promulgated the first Latin American civil code in 1827, copying the French civil code.
625:
The late 19th century and the beginning 20th century saw the emergence of the School of
515:. In Austria, the first step towards fully-fledged codification were the yet incomplete
137:
4442:
2643:
2456:
2419:
2223:
2179:
1954:
1924:
1909:
1606:
1074:
851:
830:
774:
619:
573:) was enacted in 1804 after only a few years of preparation, but it was a child of the
524:
398:
366:
277:
765:
statutes; that is, they do not aspire to complete logical coherence. For example, the
688:
as belonging either to the French, Scandinavian or German group (the latter including
3546:
2621:
2605:
2334:
2121:
1718:
1175:
1053:
898:
574:
556:
548:
540:
199:
3046:
2330:
1741:
1663:
On 1 January 2014 was replaced by new Občanský zákoník (Civil Code) enacted in 2012
1439:
987:
979:
634:
449:
386:
374:
499:
began to codify their laws. The first statute that used this denomination was the
452:(around 1907). In 1911, it became the first civil code to include commercial law (
2674:
2298:
1928:
1799:
1114:
677:
578:
566:
544:
58:
20:
1617:
1085:
A typical civil code deals with the fields of law known to the common lawyer as
937:
in 1904 replaced its civil code of 1867 by adopting the Argentine code. In 1916
855:
256:
Countries with a collection of laws known formally or informally as "civil code"
4366:
2342:
2319:
1645:
1323:
1129:
1106:
995:
2196:
since 1848, as the Indonesian Civil Code. It was also applied in Timor-Leste,
4652:
3540:
3114:
2842:
2395:
2346:
1629:
1146:
1110:
1077:
in ts Article 44. The Indian parliament is yet to pass a law in this regard.
999:
804:
758:
746:
of 1804, inspired by the 1800 project of the French civil code, known as the
743:
701:
614:
598:
405:
2262:
Replacing the Civil Code of Spain which had been in force from 1889 to 1949
1180:
1125:
1090:
894:
473:
404:
Other codified laws used since ancient times include various texts used in
269:
2353:. It was proposed to serve as the basis for the establishment of a common
3550:
2668:
2451:
2249:
2217:
2173:
2116:
2012:
1190:
1102:
1026:
1018:
960:
in 1916 decided to adopt the Argentine code, replacing its code of 1903.
863:
717:
697:
672:
465:
409:
390:
265:
3946:
3561:
1669:
English translation by Ministry of Justice of Czech Republic available (
444:
3147:
2438:
An incredibly casuistic, and thus unsuccessful, code of 11000 sections
2399:
2391:
1828:, to interpret the law. It might also had influenced other countries.
1465:
1185:
1098:
1007:
823:
668:
273:
3153:
2193:
2067:
1920:
1903:
1490:
1197:
1086:
1057:
934:
928:
916:
871:
867:
841:
789:
610:
469:
433:
413:
382:
3142:
2976:(in Catalan). Departament de Justícia de la Generalitat de Catalunya
2937:
439:
304:
79:
3051:
2870:
2740:
2370:
2313:
1621:
1165:
1094:
1049:
924:
879:
875:
626:
594:
511:(General National Law for the Prussian States) promulgated by King
2995:
684:
of (financial) development usually subdivide the countries of the
2813:
2549:
1842:
1735:
1625:
1344:
1317:
1290:
1260:
1200:, following the institutions system, is divided into five parts:
912:
859:
815:
721:
693:
689:
586:
492:
488:
484:
480:
425:
421:
370:
2874:, Tuesday 13 September 2016 (page visited on 14 September 2016).
844:
origin) that was previously in force on the Peruvian territory.
539:, ABGB) was only completed in 1811 after the dissolution of the
2781:
2696:
2600:
2575:
2517:
2484:
2387:
2275:
2041:
1870:
1793:
1402:
1374:
1014:
957:
938:
902:
883:
808:
739:
713:
650:
646:
606:
602:
563:
552:
496:
417:
3071:
Eugenia Dacoronia, "The Evolution of the Greek Civil Law", in
2915:"Guide to Legal Research in the Dominican Republic - GlobaLex"
1013:
Also the civil code of Spain of 1889 would be enforced in its
468:, following from the experience of the early codifications of
2637:
2144:
2093:
1976:
1948:
1765:
1687:
1600:
1045:
1041:
1037:
983:
966:
had the old Civil Code of Spain until the year 1987 when the
847:
781:
709:
705:
654:
642:
590:
582:
1073:
in its Directive Principles of State Policy recommends to a
2866:"Quand la Suisse inspire la modernisation du droit chinois"
1434:
963:
837:
193:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
2894:
https://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/faculty_scholarship/323
818:, a summarized copy of the French one, was promulgated by
283:
A jurisdiction that has a civil code generally also has a
2338:
991:
1021:, and this would remain in effect even after the end of
1213:
Of Different Modes of Acquiring the Ownership of Things
788:, that was simply a copy of the Napoleonic one; while
777:, but incorrectly credited to be based on French Law.
3131:
858:(begun in 1833). This code was integrally adopted by
2337:), since it was introduced there in 1870, namely in
750:(project of the 8th year); nevertheless, in 1808 a
104:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
671:countries of the United Kingdom and Ireland, only
547:. One of the first countries to follow up through
508:Allgemeines Landrecht für die Preussischen Staaten
2080:Replaced the Louisiana Civil Code Digest of 1808
440:European codes and influences on other continents
4650:
4396:
3073:Regional Private Laws and Codification in Europe
822:. The latest, with some changes, was adopted by
3113:(in Portuguese). Portolegal.com. Archived from
2536:Replaced the former Civil Code of Lower Canada
1210:Things and Different Modifications of Ownership
1033:in 1950 after almost fifty years of U.S. rule.
460:The idea of codification re-emerged during the
1060:(which is influenced by the Dutch Civil Code,
886:(after its separation from Colombia in 1903).
733:
4382:
3962:
3577:
3169:
2974:"Dret civil català. Departament de Justícia"
878:in 1880 (until 1899, and again since 1906);
2993:
1221:consistent with the structure of the Code.
1080:
1061:
373:. The earliest surviving civil code is the
333:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
67:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4389:
4375:
3969:
3955:
3584:
3570:
3176:
3162:
3088:(in Italian). Jus.unitn.it. Archived from
889:In 1865, the Code Civil du Bas-Canada (or
3976:
3591:
2717:PART III Rights In Rem: November 30, 1929
1450:Replaced the previous Spanish Civil Code
353:Learn how and when to remove this message
240:Learn how and when to remove this message
222:Learn how and when to remove this message
164:Learn how and when to remove this message
2109:Replaced the 1966 Portuguese Civil Code
1224:
443:
251:
3183:
2711:PART I General Principles: May 23, 1929
970:approved the Cuban Civil Code, Law 59.
385:produced between 529 and 534 AD by the
4651:
3044:
2714:PART II Obligations: November 22, 1929
1421:Replaced the previous 1916 Civil Code
1132:and generally have three large parts:
973:
927:adopted its code in 1987, and in 1877
519:(compiled between 1753 and 1766), the
4370:
3950:
3565:
3157:
1572:official consolidated text in Catalan
1561:official consolidated text in Catalan
1554:official consolidated text in Catalan
1543:official consolidated text in catalan
1532:official consolidated text in Catalan
1351:Codex Maximilianeus bavaricus civilis
1297:Civil Code of the Republic of Albania
814:Later on, in 1830, the civil code of
502:Codex Maximilianeus bavaricus civilis
2723:PART V Succession: December 26, 1930
905:). It was replaced in 1991 by a new
798:Code Civil de l'État de la Louisiane
738:The first civil code promulgated in
331:adding citations to reliable sources
298:
175:
102:adding citations to reliable sources
73:
32:
1267:Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch
968:National Assembly of People's Power
941:enacted its civil code (project of
931:adopted the Peruvian code of 1852.
581:. In particular, countries such as
537:Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch
397:legal systems that would rule over
377:, written around 2100–2050 BC. The
13:
1923:since 1848, while its replaced by
1666:Replaced an earlier code from 1964
915:promulgated its code in 1868, and
909:, which came into effect in 1994.
14:
4675:
2720:PART IV Family: December 26, 1930
2150:Muluki Ain (Civil Code) Act, 2018
1117:are usually codified separately.
1052:(the Civil and Commercial Code),
945:, after rejecting the project by
870:in 1862 (only during that year);
653:, Portugal (1966 Civil Code) and
48:This article has multiple issues.
4513:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
4278:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
4048:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3545:
3536:
3535:
3141:
2806:
2774:
2733:
2689:
2661:
2630:
2593:
2568:
2562:Replaced the Civil Code of 1865
2542:
2510:
2477:
2444:
2412:
2363:
2306:
2268:
2242:
2210:
2166:
2137:
2086:
2060:
2034:
2005:
1969:
1941:
1896:
1863:
1835:
1786:
1758:
1728:
1680:
1638:
1593:
1581:and the bill of the Sixth Book (
1483:
1458:
1427:
1395:
1367:
1337:
1310:
1283:
1253:
303:
180:
78:
37:
3103:
3078:
3065:
3038:
3009:
1715:2020 National People's Congress
1711:2017 National People's Congress
1196:The civil code of the state of
89:needs additional citations for
56:or discuss these issues on the
3503:British Indian Ocean Territory
2987:
2966:
2942:
2931:
2907:
2898:
2886:
2877:
2855:
1931:. This Civil Code as known as
1620:and the basis of the codes of
16:Codification of the civil law
1:
3017:"The Civil Code of Catalonia"
2848:
2255:Civil Code of the Philippines
1156:Issues common to both parts (
680:and economists promoting the
4638:United States Virgin Islands
3045:Panezi, Maria (April 2006).
2950:"WHAT IS UNIFORM CIVIL CODE"
7:
3086:"Il Codice Civile Italiano"
2831:
2355:uniform civil code of India
1713:. Despite the delay of the
734:Civil codes in the Americas
629:, whose work peaked in the
601:countries, the province of
543:under the influence of the
10:
4680:
2998:(in Catalan). Civil.udg.es
2994:Albert Ruda (1997-03-14).
2490:Civil Code of Lower Canada
2429:(General Law of the Land)
1777:
1500:(Civil Code of Catalonia)
891:Civil Code of Lower Canada
726:
667:In Europe, apart from the
294:
28:Civil law (disambiguation)
25:
18:
4613:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
4531:
4405:
4291:
4266:
3985:
3896:
3858:
3600:
3531:
3490:
3450:
3192:
2746:Civil and Commercial Code
2652:
2532:
2463:
2232:
1417:
1358:
1274:
994:(locally referred as the
454:Swiss Code of Obligations
448:The first edition of the
4659:Civil law (legal system)
4633:Turks and Caicos Islands
4033:Central African Republic
3252:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
3111:"Código Civil Português"
2224:Nieuw Burgerlijk Wetboek
1925:Nieuw Burgerlijk Wetboek
1081:Contents of a civil code
921:Dalmacio Vélez Sársfield
796:, replacing it with the
752:Digeste de la loi civile
523:(1787) and the complete
19:Not to be confused with
3513:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3021:Government of Catalonia
2954:Business Standard India
2799:1926 Turkish Civil Code
2527:(Civil Code of Quebec)
2292:Official text in Polish
1933:Civil Code of Indonesia
1849:Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch
1800:Code civil des Français
1497:Codi civil de Catalunya
773:, based on Spanish law
662:Civil Code of Catalonia
285:code of civil procedure
4563:British Virgin Islands
3643:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2996:"Projecte Norma Civil"
2457:Puerto Rico Civil Code
2351:Dadra and Nagar Haveli
2200:from 1976 to 2002 and
1062:
1004:Dadra and Nagar Haveli
893:) was promulgated in
527:(enacted as a test in
513:Frederick II the Great
457:
430:Canons of the Apostles
369:dates back to ancient
257:
202:by rewriting it in an
4503:Saint Kitts and Nevis
4193:São Tomé and Príncipe
4053:Republic of the Congo
2819:Civil Code of Ukraine
2555:Civil Code of Romania
2426:Allgemeines Landrecht
2404:São Tomé and Príncipe
2227:(Civil Code of 1992)
2183:(Civil Code of 1838)
1913:(Civil Code of 1838)
1471:California Civil Code
1241:Year of promulgation
1225:Important civil codes
767:California Civil Code
483:, when the states of
447:
393:, forms the basis of
264:is a codification of
255:
3427:United Arab Emirates
2919:www.nyulawglobal.org
2581:Civil Code of Russia
2524:Code civil du Québec
2073:Louisiana Civil Code
1803:(French Civil Code)
1122:Institutional System
951:Brazilian Civil Code
907:Civil Code of Quebec
820:Andrés de Santa Cruz
771:Louisiana Civil Code
682:legal origins theory
551:in codification was
531:in 1797). The final
462:Age of Enlightenment
381:, a codification of
379:Corpus Juris Civilis
327:improve this section
98:improve this article
26:For other uses, see
4518:Trinidad and Tobago
4413:Antigua and Barbuda
4268:States with limited
3859:States with limited
3454:limited recognition
2606:Грађански законик,
2469:Laws of Puerto Rico
2204:from 2002 to 2011.
1771:Egyptian Civil Code
1324:Armenian Civil Code
1071:Indian Constitution
1063:Burgerlijke Wetboek
974:Civil codes in Asia
947:Teixeira de Freitas
748:Projet de l'an VIII
729:European civil code
686:civil law tradition
657:(1999 Civil Code).
533:Austrian Civil Code
4453:Dominican Republic
2788:Türk Medeni Kanunu
2380:(1966 Civil Code)
2323:(1868 Civil Code)
2297:2015-12-22 at the
2192:Still in force in
2180:Burgerlijk Wetboek
2142:
1919:Still in force in
1910:Burgerlijk Wetboek
1707:several civil laws
1616:Drafted mostly by
1444:(1987 Civil Code)
1412:(2002 Civil Code)
1384:(1916 Civil Code)
1191:Law of Inheritance
1181:Law of Real Rights
1075:Uniform Civil Code
831:Dominican Republic
775:Las Siete Partidas
620:Las Siete Partidas
557:Serbian Civil Code
525:West Galician Code
458:
399:Continental Europe
258:
204:encyclopedic style
191:is written like a
4646:
4645:
4535:other territories
4364:
4363:
4295:other territories
4068:Equatorial Guinea
3944:
3943:
3559:
3558:
3496:other territories
2864:Frédéric Koller,
2829:
2828:
2608:Građanski zakonik
2341:(referred as the
2335:Republic of India
2333:(now part of the
2122:Code of Hammurabi
1719:COVID-19 pandemic
1530:See: First Book (
1520:Sixth Book: 2018
1514:Fourth Book: 2008
1508:Second Book: 2010
1204:Preliminary Title
1176:Law of Obligation
1166:Pandectist System
943:Clovis Bevilacqua
919:in 1869 (work by
899:Canadian province
631:German Civil Code
575:French Revolution
549:legal transplants
541:Holy Roman Empire
517:Codex Theresianus
363:
362:
355:
250:
249:
242:
232:
231:
224:
174:
173:
166:
148:
71:
4671:
4603:Saint Barthélemy
4533:Dependencies and
4406:Sovereign states
4400:of North America
4391:
4384:
4377:
4368:
4367:
4356:
4355:(United Kingdom)
4351:Tristan da Cunha
4347:Ascension Island
4339:
4326:
4317:
4293:Dependencies and
3986:Sovereign states
3971:
3964:
3957:
3948:
3947:
3897:Dependencies and
3601:Sovereign states
3586:
3579:
3572:
3563:
3562:
3549:
3539:
3538:
3508:Christmas Island
3194:Sovereign states
3178:
3171:
3164:
3155:
3154:
3146:
3145:
3137:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3082:
3076:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3023:. Archived from
3013:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2946:
2940:
2938:Macau Civil Code
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2911:
2905:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2881:
2875:
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2483:
2481:
2480:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2331:Portuguese India
2312:
2310:
2309:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2011:
2009:
2008:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1742:Codex Holmiensis
1734:
1732:
1731:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1652:Občanský zákoník
1644:
1642:
1641:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1517:Fifth Book: 2006
1511:Third Book: 2008
1505:First Book: 2002
1489:
1487:
1486:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1433:
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1313:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1232:
1231:
1216:Conflict of Laws
1087:law of contracts
1065:
1029:enacted its own
988:Portuguese Timor
980:Portuguese India
850:promulgated its
754:was sanctioned.
635:Swiss Civil Code
521:Josephinian Code
450:Swiss Civil Code
375:Code of Ur-Nammu
358:
351:
347:
344:
338:
307:
299:
245:
238:
227:
220:
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33:
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4262:
3981:
3975:
3945:
3940:
3898:
3892:
3878:Northern Cyprus
3860:
3854:
3775:North Macedonia
3596:
3590:
3560:
3555:
3527:
3495:
3486:
3467:Northern Cyprus
3453:
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2775:
2773:
2752:Books 1–2: 1923
2734:
2732:
2690:
2688:
2675:Zivilgesetzbuch
2662:
2660:
2631:
2629:
2594:
2592:
2569:
2567:
2543:
2541:
2511:
2509:
2502:Custom of Paris
2478:
2476:
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2299:Wayback Machine
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2087:
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2059:
2035:
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2006:
2004:
1995:Parts 4–5: 1898
1992:Parts 1–3: 1896
1970:
1968:
1942:
1940:
1929:The Netherlands
1897:
1895:
1877:Αστικός Κώδικας
1864:
1862:
1836:
1834:
1819:Custom of Paris
1817:. Replaced the
1787:
1785:
1759:
1757:
1729:
1727:
1681:
1679:
1639:
1637:
1594:
1592:
1583:text in Catalan
1576:text in English
1565:text in English
1547:text in English
1536:text in English
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1235:Country/region
1227:
1115:civil procedure
1101:and the law of
1083:
976:
800:the same year.
736:
731:
678:comparative law
639:Zivilgesetzbuch
579:Napoleonic Wars
567:Napoleonic code
562:Meanwhile, the
545:Napoleonic Wars
442:
365:The history of
359:
348:
342:
339:
324:
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289:commercial code
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200:help improve it
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21:Civil procedure
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4568:Cayman Islands
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4304:Canary Islands
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3899:other entities
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3850:United Kingdom
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2359:
2358:
2343:Goa civil code
2327:
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2282:Kodeks cywilny
2278:
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2015:
2001:
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1998:
1997:
1996:
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1988:
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1646:Czech Republic
1634:
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1630:Latin American
1614:
1611:
1603:
1589:
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1587:
1586:
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1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1162:
1161:
1154:
1144:
1137:Law of Persons
1107:Commercial law
1082:
1079:
996:Goa civil code
975:
972:
792:abolished its
784:promulgated a
735:
732:
599:Latin American
441:
438:
408:, such as the
361:
360:
311:
309:
302:
296:
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248:
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230:
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188:
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86:
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72:
46:
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36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4544:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4530:
4524:
4523:United States
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
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4410:
4408:
4404:
4399:
4392:
4387:
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4380:
4378:
4373:
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4369:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4341:
4335:
4331:
4328:
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4319:
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4309:
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4298:
4290:
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4281:
4279:
4276:
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4265:
4259:
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4209:
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4159:
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4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4108:Guinea-Bissau
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
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4026:
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4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3979:
3972:
3967:
3965:
3960:
3958:
3953:
3952:
3949:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3911:Faroe Islands
3909:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3895:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3883:South Ossetia
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3857:
3851:
3848:
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3808:
3806:
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3801:
3798:
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3778:
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3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3735:Liechtenstein
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
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3568:
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3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3493:
3489:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3477:South Ossetia
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3449:
3443:
3440:
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3425:
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3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
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3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
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3290:
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3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3186:
3179:
3174:
3172:
3167:
3165:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3117:on 2006-08-21
3116:
3112:
3106:
3092:on 2010-01-22
3091:
3087:
3081:
3074:
3068:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3041:
3027:on 2020-01-09
3026:
3022:
3018:
3012:
2997:
2990:
2975:
2969:
2955:
2951:
2945:
2939:
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2910:
2901:
2895:
2889:
2880:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2858:
2854:
2844:
2843:Criminal code
2841:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2797:Replaced the
2796:
2793:
2791:(Civil Code)
2790:
2789:
2785:
2783:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2706:(Civil Code)
2705:
2704:
2700:
2698:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2678:(Civil Code)
2677:
2676:
2672:
2670:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2649:
2647:(Civil Code)
2646:
2645:
2641:
2639:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2611:(Civil Code)
2610:
2609:
2604:
2602:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2519:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2491:
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2486:
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2474:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2421:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2396:Guinea-Bissau
2393:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2372:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2347:Daman and Diu
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2315:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2285:(Civil Code)
2284:
2283:
2279:
2277:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2219:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2175:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2152:(Civil Code)
2151:
2148:
2146:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2103:(Civil Code)
2102:
2101:
2097:
2095:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2023:(Civil Code)
2022:
2021:
2016:
2014:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1987:(Civil Code)
1986:
1985:
1980:
1978:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1958:(Civil Code)
1957:
1956:
1955:Codice Civile
1952:
1950:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1886:Replaced the
1885:
1882:
1880:(Civil Code)
1879:
1878:
1874:
1872:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1852:(Civil Code)
1851:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1811:Code Napoléon
1808:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1737:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1700:
1698:(Civil Code)
1697:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1678:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1655:(Civil Code)
1654:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1610:(Civil Code)
1609:
1608:
1604:
1602:
1591:
1590:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1559:Fourth Book (
1558:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1541:Second Book (
1540:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1492:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1436:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1404:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1346:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1262:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1222:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1147:Law of Things
1145:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1111:corporate law
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
1000:Daman and Diu
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
971:
969:
965:
961:
959:
955:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
887:
885:
882:in 1887; and
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
843:
839:
834:
832:
827:
825:
821:
817:
812:
810:
806:
805:Mexican state
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
778:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
759:United States
755:
753:
749:
745:
744:New Brunswick
741:
730:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
702:Liechtenstein
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
674:
670:
665:
663:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
623:
621:
616:
615:United States
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
565:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
509:
504:
503:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
455:
451:
446:
437:
435:
432:in Christian
431:
428:law, and the
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
406:religious law
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
357:
354:
346:
336:
332:
328:
322:
321:
317:
312:This section
310:
306:
301:
300:
292:
290:
286:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
254:
244:
241:
226:
223:
215:
205:
201:
195:
194:
189:This article
187:
178:
177:
168:
165:
157:
146:
143:
139:
136:
132:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115: –
114:
110:
109:Find sources:
103:
99:
93:
92:
87:This article
85:
81:
76:
75:
70:
68:
61:
60:
55:
54:
49:
44:
35:
34:
29:
22:
4628:Sint Maarten
4608:Saint Martin
4397:
4343:Saint Helena
4314:
4218:South Africa
4208:Sierra Leone
4013:Burkina Faso
3977:
3888:Transnistria
3592:
3492:Dependencies
3422:Turkmenistan
3387:Saudi Arabia
3184:
3119:. Retrieved
3115:the original
3105:
3094:. Retrieved
3090:the original
3080:
3072:
3067:
3056:. Retrieved
3050:
3040:
3029:. Retrieved
3025:the original
3020:
3011:
3000:. Retrieved
2989:
2978:. Retrieved
2968:
2957:. Retrieved
2953:
2944:
2933:
2922:. Retrieved
2918:
2909:
2900:
2888:
2879:
2869:
2857:
2786:
2764:Book 6: 1935
2761:Book 5: 1935
2758:Book 4: 1930
2755:Book 3: 1925
2701:
2673:
2666:
2644:Código Civil
2642:
2622:Jovan Hadžić
2607:
2522:
2424:
2377:Código Civil
2375:
2320:Código Civil
2318:
2280:
2222:
2201:
2197:
2178:
2100:Código Civil
2098:
2049:(Civil law)
2019:
1983:
1953:
1908:
1887:
1875:
1847:
1825:
1822:
1814:
1810:
1798:
1740:
1704:
1694:
1650:
1618:Andrés Bello
1607:Código Civil
1605:
1570:Fifth Book (
1552:Third Book (
1495:
1441:Código Civil
1440:
1409:Código Civil
1408:
1381:Código Civil
1380:
1349:
1322:
1295:
1265:
1228:
1219:
1195:
1172:General part
1163:
1157:
1150:
1140:
1119:
1095:property law
1084:
1068:
1035:
1023:Spanish rule
1012:
977:
962:
956:
933:
911:
895:Lower Canada
888:
856:Andrés Bello
846:
835:
828:
813:
802:
797:
793:
785:
779:
762:
756:
751:
747:
742:was that of
737:
666:
659:
638:
624:
570:
561:
536:
506:
500:
478:
474:Roman Empire
459:
403:
367:codification
364:
349:
340:
325:Please help
313:
282:
268:relating to
261:
259:
236:
218:
209:
190:
160:
151:
141:
134:
127:
120:
113:"Civil code"
108:
96:Please help
91:verification
88:
64:
57:
51:
50:Please help
47:
4664:Civil codes
4598:Puerto Rico
4508:Saint Lucia
4458:El Salvador
4398:Civil codes
4270:recognition
4223:South Sudan
4113:Ivory Coast
3978:Civil codes
3926:Isle of Man
3861:recognition
3835:Switzerland
3770:Netherlands
3593:Civil codes
3551:Asia portal
3452:States with
3372:Philippines
3312:South Korea
3307:North Korea
3202:Afghanistan
3185:Civil codes
2862:(in French)
2669:Switzerland
2620:Drafted by
2452:Puerto Rico
2250:Philippines
2218:Netherlands
2174:Netherlands
2126:c. 1780 BC
2117:Mesopotamia
2047:Civillikums
2013:South Korea
1717:due to the
1103:inheritance
1027:Philippines
1019:Philippines
897:(later the
864:El Salvador
718:South Korea
698:Switzerland
673:Scandinavia
589:countries,
472:during the
466:rationality
416:, Islamic
410:Law of Manu
391:Justinian I
343:August 2013
278:obligations
266:private law
4653:Categories
4593:Montserrat
4588:Martinique
4583:Guadeloupe
4438:Costa Rica
4325:(Portugal)
4283:Somaliland
4203:Seychelles
4168:Mozambique
4153:Mauritania
4138:Madagascar
4093:The Gambia
4028:Cape Verde
3805:San Marino
3765:Montenegro
3745:Luxembourg
3725:Kazakhstan
3628:Azerbaijan
3432:Uzbekistan
3407:Tajikistan
3322:Kyrgyzstan
3302:Kazakhstan
3222:Bangladesh
3212:Azerbaijan
3121:2013-11-26
3096:2013-11-26
3058:2018-04-24
3031:2019-03-28
3002:2013-11-26
2980:2013-11-26
2959:2022-09-17
2924:2022-09-17
2849:References
2400:Mozambique
2392:Cape Verde
1888:Hexabiblos
1815:Code civil
1813:and today
1632:countries
1628:and other
1466:California
1207:Of Persons
1186:Family Law
1099:family law
1031:Civil Code
1025:until the
1008:East Timor
852:civil code
824:Costa Rica
786:Code Civil
727:See also:
669:common law
627:Pandectism
571:Code Civil
424:in Jewish
262:civil code
124:newspapers
53:improve it
4578:Greenland
4493:Nicaragua
4468:Guatemala
4158:Mauritius
3980:of Africa
3916:Gibraltar
3740:Lithuania
3595:of Europe
3518:Hong Kong
3472:Palestine
3397:Sri Lanka
3392:Singapore
3272:Indonesia
2838:Civil law
2703:民法 (中華民國)
2653:In force
2533:In force
2464:In force
2233:In force
2194:Indonesia
2158:In force
2068:Louisiana
1921:Indonesia
1904:Indonesia
1826:constante
1778:In force
1695:Minfadian
1491:Catalonia
1418:In force
1275:In force
1198:Louisiana
1058:Indonesia
935:Nicaragua
929:Guatemala
917:Argentina
874:in 1867;
872:Nicaragua
868:Venezuela
866:in 1859;
862:in 1858;
836:In 1852,
826:in 1841.
790:Louisiana
780:In 1825,
611:Louisiana
470:Roman Law
434:Canon law
420:law, the
414:Hindu law
395:civil law
387:Byzantine
383:Roman law
314:does not
59:talk page
4543:Anguilla
4478:Honduras
4448:Dominica
4423:Barbados
4349: /
4345: /
4338:(France)
4332: /
4310: /
4306: /
4258:Zimbabwe
4233:Tanzania
4083:Ethiopia
4078:Eswatini
4058:Djibouti
4023:Cameroon
4008:Botswana
3936:Svalbard
3921:Guernsey
3868:Abkhazia
3820:Slovenia
3815:Slovakia
3790:Portugal
3648:Bulgaria
3541:Category
3462:Abkhazia
3412:Thailand
3367:Pakistan
3347:Mongolia
3342:Maldives
3337:Malaysia
3237:Cambodia
3052:GlobaLex
2871:Le temps
2832:See also
2741:Thailand
2617:Defunct
2497:Defunct
2435:Defunct
2371:Portugal
2314:Portugal
2295:Archived
2198:de facto
2189:Defunct
2129:Defunct
1750:Defunct
1622:Colombia
1359:Defunct
1158:actiones
1141:personae
1050:Thailand
925:Paraguay
880:Colombia
876:Honduras
595:Portugal
559:(1844).
535:(called
389:emperor
270:property
212:May 2020
154:May 2020
4573:Curaçao
4558:Bonaire
4553:Bermuda
4483:Jamaica
4463:Grenada
4418:Bahamas
4334:Réunion
4330:Mayotte
4321:Madeira
4316:(Spain)
4312:Melilla
4243:Tunisia
4213:Somalia
4198:Senegal
4183:Nigeria
4173:Namibia
4163:Morocco
4128:Liberia
4123:Lesotho
4073:Eritrea
4043:Comoros
4018:Burundi
3993:Algeria
3845:Ukraine
3795:Romania
3755:Moldova
3713:Ireland
3708:Iceland
3703:Hungary
3693:Germany
3688:Georgia
3678:Finland
3673:Estonia
3668:Denmark
3653:Croatia
3638:Belgium
3633:Belarus
3623:Austria
3618:Armenia
3613:Andorra
3608:Albania
3437:Vietnam
3352:Myanmar
3332:Lebanon
3262:Georgia
3217:Bahrain
3207:Armenia
3187:of Asia
2814:Ukraine
2550:Romania
2420:Prussia
2202:de jure
2020:Minbeop
1843:Germany
1736:Denmark
1626:Ecuador
1345:Bavaria
1318:Armenia
1291:Albania
1261:Austria
1244:Status
1128:jurist
1124:of the
913:Uruguay
860:Ecuador
816:Bolivia
794:Digeste
757:In the
722:Ukraine
694:Austria
690:Germany
613:in the
587:Benelux
529:Galicia
493:Bavaria
489:Prussia
485:Austria
481:Germany
426:Halakha
422:Mishnah
371:Babylon
335:removed
320:sources
295:History
198:Please
138:scholar
4498:Panama
4488:Mexico
4433:Canada
4428:Belize
4353:
4336:
4323:
4253:Zambia
4248:Uganda
4188:Rwanda
4143:Malawi
4103:Guinea
3998:Angola
3931:Jersey
3873:Kosovo
3840:Turkey
3830:Sweden
3810:Serbia
3800:Russia
3785:Poland
3780:Norway
3760:Monaco
3730:Latvia
3698:Greece
3683:France
3658:Cyprus
3482:Taiwan
3417:Turkey
3382:Russia
3317:Kuwait
3297:Jordan
3287:Israel
3247:Cyprus
3232:Brunei
3227:Bhutan
3134:Portal
2811:
2782:Turkey
2779:
2738:
2697:Taiwan
2694:
2635:
2601:Serbia
2598:
2576:Russia
2573:
2547:
2518:Quebec
2515:
2485:Quebec
2482:
2449:
2417:
2388:Angola
2368:
2311:
2276:Poland
2273:
2247:
2215:
2171:
2091:
2065:
2042:Latvia
2039:
2010:
1974:
1946:
1901:
1871:Greece
1868:
1840:
1809:Later
1794:France
1791:
1763:
1733:
1685:
1643:
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1488:
1463:
1432:
1403:Brazil
1400:
1375:Brazil
1372:
1342:
1315:
1288:
1258:
1054:Taiwan
1017:, the
1015:colony
958:Panama
939:Brazil
903:Quebec
884:Panama
809:Oaxaca
763:ad hoc
740:Canada
714:Taiwan
651:Turkey
647:Greece
607:Canada
603:Quebec
585:, the
564:French
555:, the
553:Serbia
497:Saxony
418:Sharia
276:, and
274:family
140:
133:
126:
119:
111:
4548:Aruba
4473:Haiti
4308:Ceuta
4228:Sudan
4178:Niger
4133:Libya
4118:Kenya
4098:Ghana
4088:Gabon
4063:Egypt
4003:Benin
3906:Åland
3825:Spain
3750:Malta
3720:Italy
3523:Macau
3442:Yemen
3402:Syria
3377:Qatar
3357:Nepal
3292:Japan
3267:India
3257:Egypt
3242:China
2823:2004
2794:2001
2681:1907
2650:1889
2638:Spain
2614:1844
2585:1994
2559:2011
2530:1994
2494:1865
2461:1930
2432:1794
2383:1968
2326:1868
2288:1964
2259:1950
2230:1992
2186:1838
2155:2018
2145:Nepal
2106:1999
2094:Macau
2077:1825
2052:1937
2026:1958
1984:Minpō
1977:Japan
1961:1942
1949:Italy
1916:1848
1883:1946
1855:1900
1806:1804
1775:1948
1766:Egypt
1747:1241
1701:2020
1693:民法典,
1688:China
1658:2012
1613:1855
1601:Chile
1475:1872
1447:1987
1415:2002
1387:1916
1356:1756
1329:1998
1302:1994
1272:1812
1247:Note
1238:Name
1130:Gaius
1126:Roman
1091:torts
1046:Korea
1042:Japan
1038:China
984:Macau
848:Chile
842:Roman
782:Haiti
710:China
706:Japan
655:Macau
643:Japan
591:Spain
583:Italy
145:JSTOR
131:books
4618:Saba
4443:Cuba
4238:Togo
4148:Mali
4038:Chad
3362:Oman
3327:Laos
3282:Iraq
3277:Iran
2402:and
2349:and
2018:민법,
1982:民法,
1574:and
1563:and
1545:and
1534:and
1435:Cuba
1113:and
1069:The
1056:and
1002:and
986:and
964:Cuba
838:Peru
829:The
803:The
720:and
495:and
318:any
316:cite
117:news
3494:and
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