434:
422:
410:
3805:
853:
842:
765:
747:
729:
710:
698:
679:
667:
655:
398:
643:
623:
125:
2904:
4021:
45:
3371:. The Junta then proceeded to take some concrete measures that had been long-held aspirations of the colonials: it created a militia for the defense of the kingdom, decreed freedom of trade with all nations that were allied to Spain or neutrals, a unique tariff of 134% for all imports (with the exception of printing presses, books and guns which were liberated from all taxes) and in order to increase its representativity, ordered the convocatory of a National Congress. Immediately, political intrigue began amongst the ruling elite, with news of the
811:
800:
569:
557:
545:
533:
521:
509:
490:
337:
826:
793:
502:
483:
317:
4829:
3432:, were a majority, and wanted a very slow pace of reforms since they were afraid that once the King was back in power he would think that they were seeking independence and would roll-back all changes. The Extremists were the second most important group and they advocated a larger degree of freedom from the Crown and a faster pace of reforms stopping just short of full independence. Their leader was Juan Martínez de Rozas. The Royalists were against any reform at all and for the maintenance of the status quo.
3379:
2757:
757:
739:
143:
357:
3630:
605:
593:
581:
775:
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4035:
3258:
3329:
150:
132:
4007:
3272:
3686:
3732:
3717:, on February 12, 1817, was a decisive victory for the independence forces. As a result, the patriots re-entered Santiago. San Martín was proclaimed Supreme Director, but he declined the offer and put O'Higgins in the post, where he would remain until 1823. On the first anniversary of the Battle of Chacabuco, O'Higgins formally declared independence.
3607:, while Carrera wanted to make the stand at the pass of Angostura, a more felicitous defensive position but also closer to Santiago. Because of the disagreements and resulting lack of coordination, the independence forces were divided, and O'Higgins was obliged to meet the royalists at Rancagua without reinforcements. The resulting battle, the
3497:, returned to Chile from Spain. Quickly, he was involved with the intrigues of various Extremists who plotted to wrest power from Martínez de Rozas through armed means. After two coups, both in the end of 1811, the ambitious Carrera managed to take power, inaugurating a dictatorship. Prominent members of the government were Carrera's brothers
3581:. However, this was not due to the military performance of Carrera, whose incompetence led to the rise of the moderate O'Higgins, who eventually took supreme control of the pro-independence forces. Harassed on all sides, Carrera resigned, in what is commonly taken to mark the beginning of the period of the
3451:. In the rest of Chile, the results were more or less equally divided: twelve pro-Rozas delegates, fourteen anti-Rozas and three Royalists. So, the Santiago elections were the key to Rozas' desire to remain in power. This election was supposed to take place on April 10, but before they could be called the
3763:, after which the depleted royalists retreated to Concepcion, never again to launch a major offensive against Santiago. Independence was all but secured, and worries about internal divisions were allayed when O'Higgins saluted San Martín as savior of the country, a moment which came to be known as the
3747:, sending him south with another expeditionary force. The troops disembarked at Concepcion, and recruited a number of Amerindians to join their ranks. Meanwhile, Bernardo O'Higgins moved north to somehow stop the advance of the royalists. However, his forces were surprised and very badly beaten at the
3466:
was duly elected, and all 6 deputies from
Santiago came from the Moderate camp. Nonetheless, the mutiny also encouraged a radicalization of political postures. Although Moderates—who continued advocating political control of the elites and greater autonomy without a complete rupture from Spain—gained
3863:
itself was independent from Spain. Thus, a fleet and army was prepared for an expedition to the country, and in 1820, San Martín and
Cochrane set off for Peru. However, the audacious and daring character of Cochrane conflicted with the excessive prudence of San Martín. San Martín let escape a number
3781:
To further secure
Chilean independence, San Martín launched a series of actions against armed bands in the mountains, consisting of assorted outlaws, royalists, and Indians who had taken advantage of the chaos of military expeditions and forced recruitments to pillage and sack the countryside. This
3697:
with the task of mounting a guerrilla campaign. The goals of the campaign were to keep the
Spanish forces off balance, ridicule San Bruno, and generally bolster the morale of the patriots. Through his subsequent daring exploits, Rodríguez became a romantic hero of the revolution. In one of his more
3512:
Meanwhile, a provisional
Constitution of 1812 was promulgated with a marked liberal character. An example of this is the stipulation that "no order that emanates from outside the territory of Chile will have any effect, and anyone who tries to enforce such an order will be treated as a traitor."
3751:
on March 18, 1818. In the confusion, a false rumor spread that San Martin and O'Higgins had died, and a panic seized the patriot troops, many of whom agitated for a full retreat back across the Andes to
Mendoza. In these critical circumstances, the erstwhile Manuel Rodríguez jumped to the lead,
2825:
in
Argentina, the autonomy movement had also propagated through the criollo elite. They resented the illegal arrests and, together with the news that Cádiz was all that was left of a free Spain, finally solidified in their opposition to the Governor. Brigadier García Carrasco was suspended from
3343:
took the political initiative. As soon as the
Cabildo was called, they were able to place their members in the committee charged with sending the invitations, thus manipulating the attendance lists to their own advantage. At the September 18 session, they grabbed center stage with shouts of
2657:
plunged the empire into a state of agitation. In the meantime, Chile was facing its own internal political problems. Governor Guzmán had suddenly died in
February of that year and the crown had not been able to appoint a new governor before the invasion. After a brief interim regency by
3812:
As San Martín worked to establish internal stability, O'Higgins also looked to defend the country against further external threats by the
Spanish and continue to roll back imperial control. He developed the Chilean navy as a line of defense against seaborne attacks, placing the
3462:—considering the notion of elections to be too populist—led a revolt in Santiago. The revolt sputtered, and Figueroa was arrested and summarily executed. The mutiny was successful in that temporarily sabotaged the elections, which had to be delayed. Eventually, however, a
1623:
2860:) took a public loyalty oath to the Regency Council in front of a massive audience, which put added pressure on the Governor to define himself. After vacillating for some time over which party to follow, Toro Zambrano finally agreed to hold an open
1061:
3348:("We want a junta! We want a junta!"). Count Toro Zambrano, faced with this very public show of force, acceded to their demands by depositing his ceremonial baton on top of the main table and saying "Here is the baton, take it and rule."
1515:
3611:, on October 1 and 2 of 1814, was fought fiercely, but ended in stunning defeat for the independence forces of which only 500 of the original 5,000 survived. A little while later, Osorio entered Santiago and put the rebellion of the
3594:
on May 14, nominally bringing peace but effectively only providing a breathing space. Abascal had no intention of honoring the treaty, and that very year sent a much more decisive force southwards, under the command of
1156:
1460:
1628:
1400:
1318:
949:
1510:
1475:
1480:
1470:
959:
1323:
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as governor in 1815. In any case, the Spanish believed that it was necessary to teach the revolutionaries a good lesson and embarked on a campaign of fierce political persecution, led by the infamous
1226:
2602:(1817–1823). Although the war itself began in 1812, the year in which the first hostile actions took place, and lasted until the end of the 1820s, when the last royalists forces were defeated in the
1360:
1001:
3367:
as legitimate King. Count Toro Zambrano was elected President, and the rest of the positions were distributed equally among all parties, but the real power was left in the hands of the secretary,
1099:
3756:" He named himself Supreme Director, a position which he would occupy for exactly 30 hours, which was the time the living, but wounded, O'Higgins took to return to Santiago and reclaim command.
4713:
1290:
1199:
1450:
1189:
934:
1440:
1645:
1263:
1209:
1578:
1204:
1174:
976:
964:
2701:. Since her father and brother were being held prisoners in France, she regarded herself as the heiress of her captured family. Allegedly among her plan was to send armies to occupy
1455:
1169:
905:
1700:
1283:
3698:
celebrated actions, he disguised himself as a beggar and succeeded in obtaining alms from Governor Marcó del Pont himself, who by that time had put a price on Rodríguez's head.
1555:
1238:
186:
1465:
1655:
1350:
986:
4737:
1485:
1390:
1338:
1278:
1214:
2662:, and according to the succession law in place at the time, the position was laid claim to and assumed by the most senior military commander, who happened to be Brigadier
1660:
1545:
1430:
1308:
1011:
969:
3639:
The viceroy Abascal confirmed Mariano Osorio as governor of Chile, although a later disagreement between the two would result in Osorio's removal and the installation of
1605:
1445:
2719:
elites under his command. Already in Chile, as in most of Latin America, there had been some independence agitation but minimal and concentrated in the very ineffectual
1633:
1273:
991:
3471:, a long-standing pillar of Spanish rule, was dissolved for its alleged "complicity" with the mutiny. The idea of full independence gained momentum for the first time.
1194:
647:
3655:. Far from pacifying the patriots, these actions served to incite them, and soon even the most moderate concluded that anything short of independence was intolerable.
1590:
1385:
1016:
573:
2576:
Traditionally, Chilean historiography covers this period between the establishment of the First Government Junta of Chile (September 18, 1810) and the resignation of
1771:
1365:
1076:
3090:
1415:
1410:
1375:
1345:
1268:
1179:
1124:
1395:
1405:
1380:
1119:
1086:
1031:
1006:
3950:
1500:
1231:
1219:
1134:
1129:
4874:
1495:
1435:
1026:
996:
898:
3764:
1966:
1851:
1328:
1693:
1355:
1333:
3375:
all the while coming in. It was eventually decided that elections for the National Congress, to be composed of 42 representatives, would be held in 1811.
2566:
939:
305:
2794:, which had governed the Empire for the past two years, had abolished itself in favor of a Regency Council. García Carrasco, who was a supporter of the
2815:
1796:
1610:
1420:
1248:
1243:
1146:
1141:
1041:
751:
3577:, where they were received with applause. Pareja then attempted to take Santiago. This effort failed, as did a subsequent inconclusive assault led by
4139:
2827:
2760:
1505:
1490:
1036:
3968:
policy already in 1811 with the "Decreto de Libre Comercio". This allowed the country in the mid-19th century to exploit the opportunities that the
5435:
3933:) occur until the late 1820s. Trade with Peru did not fully recover after the independence struggles. Being isolated from Central Chile by hostile
891:
2392:
5445:
3467:
the majority of seats, a vocal minority was formed by Extremist revolutionaries who now wanted complete and instant independence from Spain. The
1686:
1595:
2844:
Count Toro Zambrano was, by all standards, a very unorthodox selection. He was a very old man already (82 years old at the time) and moreover a
1971:
5420:
4753:
4306:
3052:
2617:
was officially issued by Chile on February 12, 1818 and formally recognized by Spain in 1844, when full diplomatic relations were established.
4924:
846:
3149:
17:
3682:, a pro-independence secret society). Carrera's influence begun to fade and ended finally when he was executed by firing squad in 1821.
2749:
of notable citizens, which would conform a provisional government to rule in the absence of the king and an independent Spain (known as
4286:
3304:
2280:
2228:
3678:. Upon the arrival of the exiles, San Martín immediately began to favor O'Higgins (probably because of their shared membership in the
361:
3240:
2848:(someone born in the colonies) as opposed to a "peninsular" (someone born in Spain). Immediately after his appointment in July, the
2903:
2285:
2176:
4124:
3817:
1861:
549:
3428:
and differentiated themselves only in the degree of political autonomy that they sought. The Moderates, under the leadership of
2260:
4620:
3411:
2798:
group, managed to magnify the political problems by taking arbitrary and harsh measures, such as the arrest and deportation to
2570:
387:
3804:
4929:
4745:
4432:
2554:
2550:
2332:
2295:
2171:
110:
3891:
generally ends in 1823, with the resignation of O'Higgins. However, the last Spanish territory in Chile, the archipelago of
3852:
so that the Spanish would not reoccupy Valdivia from the land. Beauchef inflicted a decisive defeat on the royalists at the
2802:
without due process of well-known and socially prominent citizens under simple suspicions of having been sympathetic to the
2659:
5480:
5475:
5415:
5281:
5119:
3172:
2774:
he or his office had left. From that moment on the pressure for his removal began to build. In June 1810 news arrived from
2419:
2402:
2327:
1886:
1816:
4084:
3640:
3633:
2663:
5470:
5465:
5460:
3792:) for its merciless tactics, as neither the guerillas nor the government soldiers took prisoners. Only after the band of
2715:
Brigadier García Carrasco was a man of crude and authoritarian manners, who managed in a very short time to alienate the
2614:
2243:
2181:
1871:
4159:
3573:
to deal with the situation in Chile, and sent another force by land to attack northern Argentina. The troops landed in
3566:
2807:
2723:
back in 1781. The majority of the people were fervent royalists but were divided into two groups: those who favored the
1961:
4979:
4493:
3024:
2409:
3693:
While San Martín and O'Higgins organized an army to recross the Andes and recapture Santiago, they charged the lawyer
3235:
1761:
5309:
4542:
4204:
3949:
was particularly badly hit by the decline of the trade with Peru. The fortune of this city would not shift until the
3829:
3116:
2387:
2315:
2112:
1981:
88:
66:
1766:
1744:
59:
3648:
3352:
3333:
2562:
2117:
1986:
1826:
1791:
2565:
was formed for that purpose. But then, it began to gradually radicalize, which caused a military struggle between
5380:
5017:
4889:
4869:
4780:
4761:
4633:
3205:
3167:
2986:
2720:
2223:
1946:
1921:
1906:
1841:
1776:
954:
4537:
Harvey, Robert. "Liberators: Latin America`s Struggle For Independence, 1810–1830". John Murray: London (2000).
1734:
597:
5082:
3748:
3297:
3126:
2397:
2377:
1896:
1729:
1253:
1066:
4109:
3934:
3144:
3111:
2607:
2290:
2068:
1856:
221:
5430:
5425:
5051:
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4574:
4049:
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3820:
in the post of admiral. In 1820, Cochrane administered a stunning blow to the remaining royalist forces in a
3583:
2342:
2305:
2300:
2151:
2141:
2127:
2122:
2083:
1936:
1836:
1781:
1650:
1071:
2743:). A third group was composed of those who proposed the replacement of the Spanish authorities with a local
5056:
5012:
4859:
4810:
4665:
4423:
Pérez Herrero, Pedro (2015). "El orden portaliano (1830–1840)". In Pérez Herrero, Pedro; Sanz, Eva (eds.).
4402:
3230:
3182:
3121:
2372:
2362:
2337:
2132:
1866:
1846:
4149:
3987:
took decades to regularize, ending the default in 1840s thanks to the efforts of the Ministers of Finance
2073:
5339:
5264:
5193:
4650:
4457:
3726:
3536:
3468:
2912:
2357:
2041:
1831:
1786:
1583:
4129:
4089:
3694:
2834:
683:
5160:
4969:
4959:
4919:
4800:
4613:
3535:
of the United States with the principles of the Chilean independence movement. Finally, he founded the
3527:. It supported the independence movement. Additionally, Carrera was responsible for bringing the first
3463:
3225:
2976:
2626:
2367:
2310:
2275:
2208:
2088:
609:
426:
276:
225:
217:
3859:
In any case, San Martín and O'Higgins were in agreement that the danger would not be passed until the
3062:
2826:
office and forced to resign on July 16, 1810, to be in turn replaced by the next most senior soldier,
5217:
4805:
4790:
4355:
4315:
3984:
3540:
3517:
such as the flag, shield, and insignia. Also during his government, the first Chilean newspaper, the
3443:. The great political surprise up to that point had been the results from the other center of power,
3435:
By March 1811, 36 representatives had already been elected in all major cities with the exception of
3290:
3220:
3210:
3085:
2883:
2634:
2581:
2454:
2424:
2248:
2058:
2036:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
1976:
1901:
1821:
1801:
4174:
3652:
3368:
5344:
5034:
4894:
4884:
4512:
3029:
2852:
began to lobby him in order to obtain the formation of a junta. In August the Royal Appeals Court (
2481:
2347:
2270:
2218:
2107:
1996:
1991:
1926:
1891:
1876:
124:
53:
4425:
Fiscalidad, integración social y política exterior en el pensamiento liberal atlántico (1810–1930)
4144:
4064:
3877:
3837:
3740:
438:
233:
5440:
5183:
4909:
4849:
4379:
4264:
4154:
3667:
3360:
2845:
2716:
2670:
2638:
2449:
2265:
2191:
1931:
944:
585:
3531:
consul to Chile. This was important, as it established a direct link between the liberalism and
1313:
714:
5455:
5450:
5304:
5046:
4914:
4591:
La guerra a muerte: memoria sobre las últimas campañas de la Independencia de Chile (1819–1824)
4054:
3983:
government obtained a large loan in London to finance the independence struggle. The resulting
3973:
3448:
2948:
2918:
2791:
2766:
In 1809, Governor García Carrasco himself was implicated in a flagrant case of corruption (the
2685:
to govern the Empire in the absence of a legitimate king reached the country. In the meantime,
2682:
2558:
2233:
2146:
2097:
2053:
1806:
1667:
769:
537:
70:
4169:
4164:
3494:
3483:
3429:
494:
5234:
5155:
5024:
4828:
4721:
4606:
4069:
3980:
3917:
The independence wars in Chile (1810–1818) and Peru (1809–1824) had a negative impact on the
3825:
3706:
3555:
3506:
3215:
3047:
2938:
2830:
2577:
2459:
2213:
1425:
1184:
1109:
513:
4392:
4278:
3892:
2603:
284:
5249:
5150:
5145:
5072:
5041:
5029:
4795:
4026:
3969:
3608:
3019:
2598:
2464:
2414:
1941:
1565:
1056:
819:
3574:
3498:
3459:
3444:
8:
5354:
5244:
5077:
4989:
4974:
4670:
3918:
3912:
3908:
3860:
3821:
3714:
2811:
2690:
2642:
2592:
2429:
2203:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2026:
1811:
1749:
1638:
1550:
1530:
1151:
1104:
414:
179:
31:
4074:
3524:
981:
5324:
5276:
5254:
5239:
5203:
5007:
4984:
4964:
4899:
4837:
4681:
4479:
4467:
4453:
4189:
4079:
3930:
3873:
3865:
3671:
3624:
3519:
3067:
3014:
2779:
2736:
2686:
2501:
2102:
2078:
2063:
1114:
1081:
1051:
1021:
165:
4332:
Historia contemporánea de Chile III. La economía: mercados empresarios y trabajadores.
3864:
of opportunities to land the decisive blow against the viceroy, and in the end it was
3760:
2530:, 'War of Independence of Chile') was a military and political event that allowed the
1258:
172:
5334:
5271:
5170:
5104:
5096:
4943:
4785:
4689:
4563:
4550:
4538:
4489:
4428:
4371:
4252:
4199:
4194:
4099:
3853:
3793:
3702:
3644:
3436:
3187:
2966:
2861:
2444:
2439:
2352:
1911:
1540:
830:
733:
3841:
3713:
were encountered on the plain of Chacabuco, to the north of Santiago. The resulting
3670:, a leader of the Argentine independence movement who would become regarded as the "
2787:
1956:
1535:
561:
5373:
5296:
5198:
5133:
4904:
4879:
4854:
4729:
4641:
4114:
3845:
3659:
3591:
3417:
3403:
3391:
3177:
3057:
2892:
2853:
2767:
2650:
2523:
1951:
1739:
1560:
1046:
834:
463:
4104:
3833:
3578:
3569:. As a result, in 1813, he sent a military expedition by sea under the command of
774:
659:
241:
5319:
5314:
5188:
5165:
4528:
4483:
4397:
4335:
3922:
3784:
3776:
3562:
3452:
2943:
2867:
2838:
2771:
2469:
2255:
2031:
1370:
1299:
718:
687:
4179:
3995:
plus the favourable international markers for Chilean silver, copper and wheat.
3896:
3658:
A large group of patriots (among them Carrera and O'Higgins) decided to flee to
525:
5389:
5349:
5329:
5286:
5229:
4697:
4134:
4059:
3988:
3884:
3744:
3596:
3570:
3490:
3372:
3276:
2971:
2822:
2654:
2630:
2543:
2539:
2434:
1710:
671:
627:
402:
270:
3743:
was installed as a new viceroy in Peru. He resolved to recall his son-in-law,
3378:
2697:, also made attempts to obtain the administration of the Spanish dominions in
883:
5409:
4459:
Estudios históricos sobre Vicente Benavides i las campañas del Sur: 1818–1822
4256:
4184:
4119:
4094:
3849:
3759:
Then, on April 5, 1818, San Martín inflicted a decisive defeat on Osorio the
3710:
3679:
3675:
3528:
3364:
2728:
2698:
2646:
2486:
2238:
2186:
2001:
1678:
756:
738:
702:
280:
237:
229:
3925:
phase was particularly destructive and ended only to see a period of outlaw
3440:
5394:
5175:
5114:
5109:
4999:
4225:
4040:
4012:
3543:. Both of these prestigious institutions have survived to the present day.
3502:
3318:
3262:
3004:
2775:
2756:
2702:
2586:
2569:, who were looking for a definitive separation from the Spanish Crown; and
2531:
857:
815:
804:
347:
327:
3796:
was liquidated in 1822 was the region around Concepcion finally pacified.
4674:
4524:
4339:
3957:
2933:
2506:
142:
3921:. Trade was disrupted and armies in Chile pillaged the countryside. The
2870:
to discuss the issue. The date was set for September 18, 1810 at 11 am.
4533:(in Spanish). Vol. I & II. Paris: Imprenta de E. Thunot y Cia.
3965:
3789:
3629:
3603:, demanding complete surrender. O'Higgins wanted to defend the city of
3532:
2981:
2799:
1916:
1881:
30:"Battle of Chile" redirects here. For the film by Patricio Guzman, see
3600:
3551:
3479:
2745:
3663:
3561:
The triumph of rebellions—both in Chile and Argentina—disquieted the
2790:, the last redoubt against the French on Spanish soil. Moreover, the
2783:
2557:
in the Spanish-American colonies, in response to the capture of King
2553:, a military and political process that began after the formation of
861:
378:
356:
5259:
3961:
3946:
3926:
3869:
3814:
3604:
2708:
2674:
2496:
265:
3489:
During this time, a well-connected young man and a veteran of the
3328:
4598:
4474:(in Spanish). Vol. I–IV. Santiago: Imprenta del Ferrocarril.
2584:(January 28, 1823). It is also subdivided into three stages: the
2491:
368:
149:
131:
3647:. The patriots found in Santiago—among whom were members of the
4374:; Silva, Osvaldo; Silva, Fernando and Estelle, Patricio. 1974.
3938:
2694:
631:
3880:—a lieutenant of Bolívar—defeated the royalist army for good.
3836:
in order to conquer the last Spanish stronghold in Chile, the
4629:
4519:(in Spanish). Vol. I–XX. Santiago: Editorial Nascimento.
4507:(in Spanish). Vol. 2. Santiago: Empresa Editora Zig-Zag.
3685:
3425:
3424:). These groups were all decidedly against independence from
2678:
2535:
852:
841:
810:
799:
764:
746:
728:
709:
697:
678:
666:
654:
568:
556:
544:
532:
520:
508:
489:
397:
341:
336:
321:
4505:
Resumen de la Historia de Chile de Francisco Antonio Encina
4462:(in Spanish). Santiago: Imprenta de Julio Belin i Compañia.
3942:
3731:
3590:
After the attempt by Gaínza, the two sides had signed the
4395:[The external public debt of Chile (1810–2004)].
3895:, was not conquered until 1826, during the government of
3840:. This failed attempt ended in the minor but significant
2546:
and initiating the formation of an independent republic.
3868:
who launched the final offensive after coming down from
4593:(in Spanish). Santiago: Imprenta Nacional. p. 562.
4488:(in Spanish). Vol. I–XVI. Santiago: Rafael Jover.
3799:
3956:
Much of the war effort was financed with silver from
4314:. Cuadernos de Historia (in Spanish). Vol. II.
4002:
3828:. Later Cochrane disembarked troops under commander
3447:, in which Royalists had defeated the supporters of
3363:. Their first measure was to take a loyalty oath to
3937:and dependent upon seaborne trade with the port of
3752:
haranguing and rallying the soldiers with the cry "
4562:
4549:
4517:Historia de Chile: desde la prehistoria hasta 1891
4308:Chañarcillo, cuando de las montañas brotó la plata
4279:"Los industriales alemanes de Valdivia, 1850–1914"
3386:Three political factions started to coalesce: the
4478:
4245:
4243:
3666:. At the time, the governor of this province was
2629:—one of the smallest and poorest colonies in the
5407:
4585:
4573:
4393:"La deuda pública externa de Chile (1810–2004)"
4259:; Silva, Fernando and Estelle, Patricio. 1974.
3782:time of irregular warfare was later called the
3513:Carrera also created patriotic emblems for the
2770:) that managed to destroy whatever remnants of
2705:and northern Argentina and to style herself as
913:
4427:(in Spanish). Marcial Pons. pp. 237–238.
4240:
3872:, Peruvian independence was secured after the
3662:, an Andean province of the newly independent
2249:Banda Oriental and Rio Grande do Sul (1762–63)
1708:
4614:
4581:(in Spanish). Santiago: Periodico La Tribuna.
4472:Historia Jeneral de la Independencia de Chile
4422:
4276:
3848:headed from Valdivia an expedition to secure
3298:
2239:Iberian Peninsula and South America (1762–63)
1694:
899:
4466:
4452:
4298:
3876:on December 9, 1824, in which forces led by
3523:was published under the editorship of Friar
4511:
4304:
1629:Brown's privateer expedition to the Pacific
4621:
4607:
3359:, was organized with the same powers as a
3305:
3291:
2573:, who sought to maintain unity with her.
1701:
1687:
906:
892:
4362:
3735:Bernardo O’Higgins, 'libertador' of Chile
3599:. The royalist force landed and moved to
89:Learn how and when to remove this message
4416:
3803:
3730:
3684:
3628:
3550:
3478:
3377:
3353:Government Junta of the Kingdom of Chile
3327:
2755:
52:This article includes a list of general
5436:1810s in the Captaincy General of Chile
4649:
4547:
4502:
4385:
3474:
3373:political turbulence and wars of Europe
2673:in April and in August the news of the
1525:Valdivia, Osorno and Chiloé (1820–1826)
719:
688:
362:United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
14:
5446:1810 in the Captaincy General of Chile
5408:
4322:
4270:
3053:Colonization of the Strait of Magellan
2689:, sister of Ferdinand and wife of the
2669:García Carrasco took over the post of
1624:Aid expeditions to the Río de la Plata
5421:Spanish American wars of independence
4602:
4560:
3826:complex of fortifications at Valdivia
2833:, even though a legitimate Governor,
2551:Spanish American Wars of independence
2234:Caribbean and North America (1739–48)
1682:
887:
111:Spanish American wars of independence
4875:Fjords, channels, sounds and straits
4530:Historia de la Independencia Chilena
3964:discovered in 1811. Chile adopted a
3800:Incorporation of Valdivia and Chiloé
3546:
2837:, had already been appointed by the
2637:, an able, respected and well-liked
38:
4523:
3346:"¡Junta queremos! ¡junta queremos!"
2735:) and those who wanted to proclaim
2549:It developed in the context of the
2528:Guerra de la Independencia de Chile
1735:Santa Cruz de la Mar Pequeña (1478)
27:1810–26 war between Chile and Spain
24:
4628:
4569:. New York: The Macmillan Company.
4565:The Revolutions in Spanish America
4445:
4345:
3902:
3754:There's still a country, citizens!
3674:" of the southern part of Spanish
2561:by Napoleonic forces in 1808. The
58:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
5492:
3641:Francisco Casimiro Marcó del Pont
3634:Francisco Casimiro Marcó del Pont
2633:—was under the administration of
1600:
4827:
4277:Bernedo Pinto, Patricio (1999),
4033:
4019:
4005:
3270:
3256:
2902:
2806:idea. Among those arrested were
1591:Prieto brothers uprising of 1819
851:
840:
824:
809:
798:
791:
773:
763:
755:
745:
737:
727:
708:
696:
677:
665:
653:
641:
621:
603:
591:
579:
567:
555:
543:
531:
519:
507:
500:
488:
481:
432:
420:
408:
396:
355:
335:
315:
148:
141:
130:
123:
43:
4305:Cortés Lutz, Guillermo (2017).
3720:
2987:Destruction of the Seven Cities
2873:
2721:Conspiracy of the Tres Antonios
2641:. In May 1808 the overthrow of
2563:First Government Junta of Chile
1957:Argentine Northwest (1560–1667)
1601:Abdication of O'Higgins in 1823
4218:
3749:Second Battle of Cancha Rayada
3705:was prepared by 1817. After a
3618:
3323:
269:Chile's independence from the
13:
1:
4211:
4050:Argentine War of Independence
3976:created for exporting wheat.
3458:On April 1, Royalist colonel
3339:From the very beginning, the
2681:and of the conformation of a
2620:
1651:Liberating Expedition of Peru
1511:Pincheira brothers brigandage
187:Battle of San Carlos Bay Pass
5057:Comptroller General of Chile
4403:Biblioteca Nacional de Chile
3935:Mapuche-controlled territory
3770:
3707:difficult crossing the Andes
2425:Dominican Republic (1863–65)
1656:Benavente expedition to Peru
1291:Spanish South Sea expedition
7:
5481:1820s in the Spanish Empire
5476:1810s in the Spanish Empire
5416:Chilean War of Independence
5282:Water supply and sanitation
4556:. New York: Alfred A Knopf.
4110:Juan Albano Pereira Márquez
3998:
3739:During the preceding time,
3727:First Chilean Navy Squadron
3537:Instituto Nacional de Chile
2615:declaration of independence
2520:Chilean War of Independence
917:Chilean War of Independence
104:Chilean War of Independence
18:Chilean war of independence
10:
5497:
5471:1826 in the Spanish Empire
5466:1821 in the Spanish Empire
5461:1810 in the Spanish Empire
4552:A History of Latin America
4503:Castedo, Leopoldo (1954).
3951:arrival of German settlers
3906:
3774:
3724:
3622:
3316:
2816:Bernardo de Vera y Pintado
2660:Juan Rodríguez Ballesteros
2627:Captaincy General of Chile
2625:At the start of 1808, the
2281:Banda Oriental (1776–1777)
1712:Spanish colonial campaigns
427:Captaincy General of Chile
218:Captaincy General of Chile
29:
5367:
5295:
5225:
5216:
5141:
5132:
5095:
5065:
4998:
4955:
4951:
4942:
4845:
4836:
4825:
4773:
4658:
4640:
4587:Vicuña Mackenna, Benjamín
4575:Vicuña Mackenna, Benjamín
4513:Encina, Francisco Antonio
4485:Historia Jeneral de Chile
4316:Museo Regional de Atacama
4150:Luisa Recabárren de Marin
4085:Francisco García Carrasco
3985:Chilean independence debt
3960:, a mining area south of
3709:, royalist forces led by
3541:National Library of Chile
2664:Francisco García Carrasco
2582:Supreme Director of Chile
2333:Spanish America (1808–33)
2328:Río de la Plata (1806–07)
1720:
1634:Chile privateers campaign
925:
869:
784:
471:
297:
199:
160:Clockwise from top left:
116:
108:
103:
4548:Herring, Hubert (1968).
4160:José Fernando de Abascal
4090:Francisco Marcó del Pont
3899:, O'Higgins' successor.
3808:Resignation of O'Higgins
3567:José Fernando de Abascal
3030:War of the Confederation
2835:Francisco Javier de Elío
2727:and the divine right of
2502:Western Sahara (1973–76)
2430:Peru and Chile (1864–66)
2229:Banda Oriental (1735–37)
1730:Canary Islands (1402–96)
1611:Campino uprising of 1827
1579:Carrera uprising of 1814
1573:Relevant civil conflicts
1264:Second southern campaign
1164:Patria Nueva (1817–1819)
1100:Central Chile insurgency
929:Patria Vieja (1812–1814)
4380:Editorial Universitaria
4356:La Hacienda (1830–1930)
4265:Editorial Universitaria
3469:Real Audiencia of Chile
3332:Opening session of the
3168:Transition to democracy
3063:Occupation of Araucanía
2866:(city hall) meeting in
2649:, their replacement by
2286:North America (1779–83)
2204:North America (1702–13)
2042:Philippines (1599-1600)
1977:Philippines (1565–1898)
1606:Chiloé uprising in 1826
1175:First southern campaign
1094:Reconquista (1815–1817)
1062:Maule River north march
73:more precise citations.
4561:Prago, Albert (1970).
4175:Juan Martínez de Rozas
4140:Mateo de Toro Zambrano
4055:Antonio de Quintanilla
3974:Australian gold rushes
3919:Chilean wheat industry
3809:
3736:
3690:
3653:Juan Fernández Islands
3636:
3558:
3486:
3449:Juan Martínez de Rozas
3421:
3407:
3395:
3383:
3382:Juan Martínez de Rozas
3369:Juan Martínez de Rozas
3336:
3091:Parliamentary Republic
3086:1891 Chilean Civil War
2857:
2828:Mateo de Toro Zambrano
2763:
2761:Mateo de Toro Zambrano
2559:Ferdinand VII of Spain
2555:self-government juntas
1170:Juan Fernández Islands
472:Commanders and leaders
275:Chilean annexation of
224:, the governorates of
5083:Investigations Police
4746:Presidential Republic
4722:Conservative Republic
4714:Republic Organization
4382:, Chile. pp. 481–485.
4267:, Chile. pp. 406–413.
4145:Joaquín de la Pezuela
4065:Antonio José de Sucre
3878:Antonio José de Sucre
3838:Archipelago of Chiloé
3807:
3741:Joaquín de la Pezuela
3734:
3688:
3632:
3554:
3482:
3381:
3331:
3150:Military dictatorship
3117:Presidential Republic
3048:Conservative Republic
3025:Civil war (1829–1830)
2939:Origin of the Mapuche
2831:Count of la Conquista
2808:José Antonio de Rojas
2792:Supreme Central Junta
2782:forces had conquered
2759:
2683:Supreme Central Junta
2653:and the start of the
2507:Western Sahara (1975)
2460:Philippines (1896–98)
2415:Cochinchina (1858–62)
2316:Caribbean (1796–1802)
2177:Lake Maracaibo (1669)
2113:Philippines (1638-46)
1987:Philippines (1567–72)
1842:El Salvador (1524–39)
1837:Guatemala (1524–1697)
1797:Puerto Rico (1511–29)
1596:Osorno mutiny of 1821
1110:Crossing of the Andes
870:Casualties and losses
439:Governorate of Chiloé
5431:Wars involving Spain
5426:Wars involving Chile
5052:Constitutional Court
4930:World Heritage Sites
4762:Democracy Transition
4125:Lord Thomas Cochrane
4027:Latin America portal
3970:California Gold Rush
3651:—were exiled to the
3609:Disaster of Rancagua
3475:Carrera dictatorship
3355:, also known as the
3236:Chilean coups d'état
3080:Parliamentary period
2780:Napoleon Bonaparte's
2693:, who was living in
2635:Luis Muñoz de Guzmán
2596:(1814–1817) and the
2187:New Mexico (1680–92)
610:Juan G. de las Heras
5120:Ministry of Defence
4579:El sitio de Chillán
4480:Barros Arana, Diego
4468:Barros Arana, Diego
4454:Barros Arana, Diego
4170:José Miguel Infante
4165:José Miguel Carrera
3953:in the late 1840s.
3913:Chilean silver rush
3909:Chilean wheat cycle
3861:Viceroyalty of Peru
3715:Battle of Chacabuco
3495:José Miguel Carrera
3484:José Miguel Carrera
3430:José Miguel Infante
3206:Agriculture history
3122:Radical governments
3106:Presidential period
3010:War of Independence
2812:Juan Antonio Ovalle
2739:as Queen (known as
2420:Morocco (1859–1860)
2410:Balanguingui (1848)
2378:Venezuela (1811–23)
2343:Argentina (1810–18)
1857:Yucatán (1527–1697)
1832:Chiapas (1523–1695)
598:Antonio G. Balcarce
415:Viceroyalty of Peru
182:(3–4 February 1820)
180:Capture of Valdivia
33:The Battle of Chile
5194:Telecommunications
4372:Villalobos, Sergio
4359:. Memoria Chilena.
4253:Villalobos, Sergio
4155:José de San Martín
4080:Charlotte Joaquina
4070:Bernardo O'Higgins
3981:Bernardo O'Higgins
3931:Pincheira brothers
3874:Battle of Ayacucho
3810:
3737:
3691:
3668:José de San Martín
3637:
3625:Reconquest (Chile)
3559:
3556:Bernardo O'Higgins
3520:La Aurora de Chile
3507:Bernardo O'Higgins
3487:
3384:
3337:
3277:History portal
3241:Political scandals
3127:Allende and UP era
3068:War of the Pacific
2764:
2737:Charlotte Joaquina
2687:Charlotte Joaquina
2604:Chiloé Archipelago
2578:Bernardo O'Higgins
2465:Puerto Rico (1898)
2435:Puerto Rico (1868)
2393:Colombia (1819–20)
2388:Colombia (1815–16)
2368:El Salvador (1811)
2353:Paraguay (1810–11)
2296:New Granada (1781)
2266:Philippines (1762)
2172:Porto Bello (1668)
2142:Philippines (1646)
2098:Philippines (1630)
2054:Philippines (1602)
2037:Puerto Rico (1598)
2027:Philippines (1596)
2022:Puerto Rico (1595)
2017:Cambodia (1593–97)
1897:Colombia (1537–40)
1847:Honduras (1524–39)
1812:Mexico (1519–1821)
1303:(1819–c.1824/7/32)
586:José de San Martín
538:M. Blanco Encalada
168:(1–2 October 1814)
166:Battle of Rancagua
5403:
5402:
5363:
5362:
5212:
5211:
5128:
5127:
5091:
5090:
4980:Political parties
4970:Foreign relations
4960:National Congress
4938:
4937:
4823:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4738:Parliamentary Era
4682:Spanish Discovery
4434:978-84-9123-174-5
4376:Historia De Chile
4261:Historia De Chile
4228:. World Statesmen
4200:Vicente San Bruno
4195:Vicente Benavides
4100:Founding of Talca
3854:Battle of El Toro
3822:successful attack
3794:Vicente Benavides
3703:Army of the Andes
3645:Vicente San Bruno
3547:Spanish invasions
3464:National Congress
3460:Tomás de Figueroa
3315:
3314:
3188:Politics of Chile
3042:Republican period
2977:Captaincy General
2671:Governor of Chile
2515:
2514:
2497:Morocco (1957–58)
2492:Morocco (1920–26)
2487:Morocco (1911–12)
2450:Morocco (1893–94)
2398:Ecuador (1820–22)
2338:Bolivia (1809–25)
2271:Chile (1766–1767)
2219:Chile (1723–1726)
2152:Hispaniola (1655)
2059:Insulindia (1603)
2012:Insulindia (1585)
2007:Insulindia (1582)
1917:Chile (1546–1662)
1807:Algeria (1517–18)
1676:
1675:
1646:Cochrane campaign
1584:Las Tres Acequias
1254:2nd Cancha Rayada
1067:1st Cancha Rayada
882:
881:
831:Army of the Andes
770:A. de Quintanilla
734:Vicente Benavides
293:
292:
189:(11 January 1826)
99:
98:
91:
16:(Redirected from
5488:
5383:
5376:
5223:
5222:
5179:
5139:
5138:
4953:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4843:
4842:
4831:
4766:
4758:
4750:
4742:
4734:
4730:Liberal Republic
4726:
4718:
4710:
4702:
4694:
4690:Spanish Conquest
4686:
4678:
4656:
4655:
4647:
4646:
4623:
4616:
4609:
4600:
4599:
4594:
4582:
4570:
4568:
4557:
4555:
4534:
4520:
4508:
4499:
4475:
4463:
4439:
4438:
4420:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4389:
4383:
4370:
4366:
4360:
4353:
4349:
4343:
4330:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4313:
4302:
4296:
4295:
4283:
4274:
4268:
4251:
4247:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4222:
4130:Manuel Rodríguez
4115:Georges Beauchef
4075:Camilo Henríquez
4043:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4029:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4015:
4010:
4009:
4008:
3993:Joaquín Tocornal
3846:Georges Beauchef
3765:Embrace of Maipú
3695:Manuel Rodríguez
3689:Manuel Rodríguez
3592:Treaty of Lircay
3525:Camilo Henríquez
3307:
3300:
3293:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3263:Chile portal
3261:
3260:
3259:
3221:Maritime history
3211:Economic history
3178:Mapuche conflict
3173:Student protests
3145:1973 coup d'état
3112:1925 coup d'état
3095:1924 coup d'état
3058:Liberal Republic
2967:Spanish conquest
2906:
2896:
2878:
2877:
2821:Inspired by the
2768:Scorpion scandal
2691:King of Portugal
2651:Joseph Bonaparte
2540:Spanish Monarchy
2403:Mexico (1821–29)
2358:Mexico (1810–21)
2261:Nicaragua (1762)
1912:Halmahera (1545)
1882:Brazil (1534-36)
1817:Mexico (1519–21)
1715:
1713:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1680:
1679:
1466:Vegas de Saldías
1309:Fort Santa Juana
1239:2nd Quechereguas
1072:1st Quechereguas
920:
918:
908:
901:
894:
885:
884:
865:Mapuche warriors
856:
855:
845:
844:
835:Mapuche warriors
829:
828:
827:
814:
813:
803:
802:
796:
795:
794:
777:
768:
767:
759:
750:
749:
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731:
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536:
535:
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523:
512:
511:
505:
504:
503:
493:
492:
486:
485:
484:
447:Mapuche allies:
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413:
412:
411:
401:
400:
360:
359:
351:
340:
339:
331:
320:
319:
318:
252:Patriots victory
201:
200:
152:
145:
134:
127:
101:
100:
94:
87:
83:
80:
74:
69:this article by
60:inline citations
47:
46:
39:
21:
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5495:
5491:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5485:
5406:
5405:
5404:
5399:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5359:
5345:Public holidays
5310:Beauty pageants
5291:
5208:
5177:
5124:
5087:
5061:
5042:Law enforcement
4994:
4934:
4895:Natural regions
4832:
4815:
4769:
4764:
4756:
4754:Pinochet Regime
4748:
4740:
4732:
4724:
4716:
4708:
4700:
4692:
4684:
4668:
4636:
4627:
4597:
4496:
4448:
4446:Further reading
4443:
4442:
4435:
4421:
4417:
4407:
4405:
4398:Memoria Chilena
4391:
4390:
4386:
4368:
4367:
4363:
4351:
4350:
4346:
4336:Gabriel Salazar
4328:
4327:
4323:
4311:
4303:
4299:
4281:
4275:
4271:
4249:
4248:
4241:
4231:
4229:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4039:
4034:
4032:
4025:
4020:
4018:
4011:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3923:Guerra a muerte
3915:
3905:
3903:Economic impact
3802:
3785:Guerra a muerte
3779:
3777:Guerra a muerte
3773:
3761:Battle of Maipú
3729:
3723:
3701:The liberating
3627:
3621:
3563:Viceroy of Peru
3549:
3477:
3453:Figueroa mutiny
3326:
3321:
3311:
3282:
3271:
3269:
3257:
3255:
3246:
3245:
3201:
3193:
3192:
3183:Social Outburst
3163:
3155:
3154:
3140:
3139:Pinochet regime
3132:
3131:
3107:
3099:
3098:
3081:
3073:
3072:
3043:
3035:
3034:
3000:
2999:Nation-building
2992:
2991:
2962:
2954:
2953:
2929:
2894:
2887:
2876:
2839:Viceroy of Peru
2772:moral authority
2623:
2606:in 1826 and in
2544:colonial period
2516:
2511:
2383:Chile (1812–27)
2244:Portugal (1762)
2137:Valdivia (1643)
2074:Petén (1618–97)
1716:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1677:
1672:
1661:Coast of Cobija
1639:Grenadine coast
1618:External fronts
1615:
1570:
1522:
1481:Coast of Arauco
1300:Guerra a muerte
1295:
1210:2nd Carampangue
1205:1st Carampangue
1190:3rd La Frontera
1161:
1091:
1002:2nd La Frontera
960:1st La Frontera
921:
916:
914:
912:
864:
850:
849:
839:
833:
825:
823:
822:
808:
807:
797:
792:
790:
780:
762:
744:
726:
707:
695:
676:
664:
652:
648:Juan F. Sánchez
642:
640:
632:
622:
620:
614:
604:
602:
592:
590:
580:
578:
574:José M. Borgoño
566:
554:
550:Thomas Cochrane
542:
530:
518:
506:
501:
499:
487:
482:
480:
445:
433:
431:
421:
419:
409:
407:
395:
366:
354:
345:
344:
334:
325:
324:
316:
314:
310:
258:
244:
240:of America and
195:
194:
193:
192:
173:Battle of Maipú
157:
156:
155:
154:
153:
146:
137:
136:
135:
128:
95:
84:
78:
75:
65:Please help to
64:
48:
44:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5494:
5484:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5441:1820s in Chile
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5401:
5400:
5398:
5397:
5392:
5385:
5384:
5377:
5369:
5368:
5365:
5364:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5301:
5299:
5293:
5292:
5290:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5268:
5267:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5226:
5220:
5214:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5184:Stock Exchange
5181:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5142:
5136:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5101:
5099:
5093:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5069:
5067:
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5060:
5059:
5054:
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5039:
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5032:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5010:
5004:
5002:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4956:
4946:
4940:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4890:National parks
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4870:Extreme points
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4846:
4840:
4834:
4833:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4777:
4775:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4765:(1990–Present)
4759:
4751:
4743:
4735:
4727:
4719:
4711:
4703:
4695:
4687:
4679:
4662:
4660:
4653:
4644:
4638:
4637:
4626:
4625:
4618:
4611:
4603:
4596:
4595:
4583:
4571:
4558:
4545:
4535:
4521:
4509:
4500:
4495:978-0598482358
4494:
4476:
4464:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4433:
4415:
4401:(in Spanish).
4384:
4361:
4344:
4321:
4297:
4269:
4257:Silva, Osvaldo
4239:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4205:William Miller
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4135:Mariano Osorio
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4060:Antonio Pareja
4057:
4052:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4030:
4016:
4000:
3997:
3989:Manuel Rengifo
3904:
3901:
3885:historiography
3842:Battle of Agüi
3830:William Miller
3801:
3798:
3775:Main article:
3772:
3769:
3745:Mariano Osorio
3722:
3719:
3620:
3617:
3597:Mariano Osorio
3571:Antonio Pareja
3548:
3545:
3491:Peninsular War
3476:
3473:
3361:Royal Governor
3325:
3322:
3317:Main article:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3266:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3226:Mining history
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3202:
3200:Related topics
3199:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3088:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2972:Colonial Chile
2969:
2963:
2961:Colonial times
2960:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:Incas in Chile
2946:
2944:Early Mapuches
2941:
2936:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2919:Years in Chile
2908:
2907:
2899:
2898:
2889:
2888:
2881:
2875:
2872:
2858:Real Audiencia
2823:May Revolution
2788:siege to Cádiz
2655:Peninsular War
2639:Royal Governor
2631:Spanish Empire
2622:
2619:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2482:Morocco (1909)
2478:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2455:Cuba (1895–98)
2452:
2447:
2445:Cuba (1879–80)
2442:
2440:Cuba (1868–78)
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2373:Uruguay (1811)
2370:
2365:
2363:Peru (1811–24)
2360:
2355:
2350:
2348:Florida (1810)
2345:
2340:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2306:Algiers (1784)
2303:
2301:Algiers (1783)
2298:
2293:
2291:Peru (1780–82)
2288:
2283:
2278:
2276:Algiers (1775)
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2214:Bahamas (1720)
2211:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2192:Morocco (1689)
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2167:Jamaica (1658)
2164:
2162:Jamaica (1657)
2159:
2157:Jamaica (1655)
2154:
2149:
2147:Tortuga (1654)
2144:
2139:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2069:Morocco (1614)
2066:
2064:Tunisia (1605)
2061:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1997:Tunisia (1574)
1994:
1992:Tunisia (1573)
1989:
1984:
1982:Florida (1565)
1979:
1974:
1972:Morocco (1564)
1969:
1967:Morocco (1563)
1964:
1962:Algeria (1563)
1959:
1954:
1952:Tunisia (1560)
1949:
1947:Algeria (1558)
1944:
1942:Algeria (1556)
1939:
1937:Algeria (1555)
1934:
1929:
1927:Tunisia (1550)
1924:
1922:Algeria (1547)
1919:
1914:
1909:
1907:Algeria (1543)
1904:
1902:Algeria (1541)
1899:
1894:
1892:Tunisia (1535)
1889:
1887:Algeria (1535)
1884:
1879:
1877:Tunisia (1534)
1874:
1872:Peru (1532–72)
1869:
1867:Algeria (1531)
1864:
1862:Algeria (1529)
1859:
1854:
1852:Morocco (1525)
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1827:Tunisia (1520)
1824:
1822:Algeria (1519)
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1802:Algeria (1516)
1799:
1794:
1792:Tunisia (1510)
1789:
1787:Tripoli (1510)
1784:
1782:Algeria (1510)
1779:
1777:Algeria (1509)
1774:
1772:Morocco (1508)
1769:
1767:Algeria (1507)
1764:
1762:Algeria (1505)
1758:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1750:Melilla (1497)
1747:
1745:Algeria (1497)
1742:
1737:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1706:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1683:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1556:San Carlos Bay
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1441:2nd Concepción
1438:
1433:
1431:6th Talcahuano
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1406:5th Talcahuano
1403:
1398:
1393:
1391:3rd San Carlos
1388:
1386:Fort San Pedro
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1227:3rd Valparaíso
1224:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1200:3rd Talcahuano
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1159:
1157:2nd Valparaíso
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1107:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1077:1st Concepción
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
977:2nd San Carlos
974:
967:
965:2nd Talcahuano
962:
957:
955:1st San Carlos
952:
947:
942:
937:
935:1st Talcahuano
931:
930:
926:
923:
922:
911:
910:
903:
896:
888:
880:
879:
876:
872:
871:
867:
866:
837:
787:
786:
782:
781:
779:
778:
760:
742:
724:
705:
693:
684:F. M. del Pont
674:
672:Mariano Osorio
662:
650:
638:
628:Antonio Pareja
617:
615:
613:
612:
600:
588:
576:
564:
562:Joaquín Prieto
552:
540:
528:
516:
497:
477:
474:
473:
469:
468:
467:
466:
461:
458:
455:
452:
444:
443:
442:
441:
429:
417:
403:Spanish Empire
383:
382:
381:
376:
365:
364:
352:
332:
300:
299:
295:
294:
291:
290:
289:
288:
273:
260:
254:
253:
250:
246:
245:
215:
213:
209:
208:
205:
197:
196:
191:
190:
183:
176:
175:(5 April 1818)
169:
161:
159:
158:
147:
140:
139:
138:
129:
122:
121:
120:
119:
118:
117:
114:
113:
106:
105:
97:
96:
51:
49:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5493:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5456:1826 in Chile
5454:
5452:
5451:1821 in Chile
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5382:
5378:
5375:
5371:
5370:
5366:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5298:
5294:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5266:
5263:
5262:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5215:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5098:
5094:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5066:Public safety
5064:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5047:Supreme Court
5045:
5043:
5040:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5026:
5023:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5001:
4997:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4954:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4941:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4835:
4830:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4763:
4760:
4755:
4752:
4747:
4744:
4739:
4736:
4731:
4728:
4723:
4720:
4715:
4712:
4707:
4704:
4699:
4696:
4691:
4688:
4683:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4624:
4619:
4617:
4612:
4610:
4605:
4604:
4601:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4567:
4566:
4559:
4554:
4553:
4546:
4544:
4543:0-7195-5566-3
4540:
4536:
4532:
4531:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4515:(1940–1952).
4514:
4510:
4506:
4501:
4497:
4491:
4487:
4486:
4482:(1884–1902).
4481:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4460:
4455:
4451:
4450:
4436:
4430:
4426:
4419:
4404:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4388:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4365:
4358:
4357:
4348:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4325:
4318:. p. 25.
4317:
4310:
4309:
4301:
4293:
4289:
4288:
4280:
4273:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4246:
4244:
4227:
4221:
4217:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4190:Simón Bolívar
4188:
4186:
4185:Rafael Maroto
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4120:Logia Lautaro
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4105:Gabino Gaínza
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4095:Ferdinand VII
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4042:
4031:
4028:
4017:
4014:
4003:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3914:
3910:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3866:Simón Bolívar
3862:
3857:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3834:Chiloé Island
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3818:Lord Cochrane
3816:
3806:
3797:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3786:
3778:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3757:
3755:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3733:
3728:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3711:Rafael Maroto
3708:
3704:
3699:
3696:
3687:
3683:
3681:
3680:Logia Lautaro
3677:
3676:South America
3673:
3672:Simón Bolívar
3669:
3665:
3661:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3635:
3631:
3626:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3579:Gabino Gaínza
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3557:
3553:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3510:
3508:
3505:, as well as
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3485:
3481:
3472:
3470:
3465:
3461:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3380:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3365:Ferdinand VII
3362:
3358:
3354:
3349:
3347:
3342:
3335:
3330:
3320:
3308:
3303:
3301:
3296:
3294:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2928:Early history
2925:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2879:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2729:Ferdinand VII
2726:
2722:
2718:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2704:
2700:
2699:Latin America
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2647:Ferdinand VII
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2618:
2616:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2594:
2590:(1810–1814),
2589:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2545:
2542:, ending the
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2209:Chiloé (1712)
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2182:Panama (1671)
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2131:
2129:
2128:Taiwan (1642)
2126:
2124:
2123:Taiwan (1641)
2121:
2119:
2118:Brazil (1640)
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2108:Brazil (1638)
2106:
2104:
2103:Brazil (1631)
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2087:
2085:
2084:Taiwan (1626)
2082:
2080:
2079:Brazil (1625)
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2002:Brunei (1578)
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1740:Guinea (1478)
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1476:5th Araucanía
1474:
1472:
1471:4th Araucanía
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1456:3rd Araucanía
1454:
1452:
1451:2nd Araucanía
1449:
1447:
1446:Chillán River
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1401:1st Araucanía
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1125:Guardia Vieja
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
972:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
945:Yerbas Buenas
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
932:
928:
927:
924:
919:
909:
904:
902:
897:
895:
890:
889:
886:
877:
874:
873:
868:
863:
859:
854:
848:
847:Royalist Army
843:
838:
836:
832:
821:
817:
812:
806:
801:
789:
788:
783:
776:
771:
766:
761:
758:
753:
748:
743:
740:
735:
730:
725:
722:
716:
711:
706:
704:
703:Rafael Maroto
699:
694:
691:
685:
680:
675:
673:
668:
663:
661:
660:Gabino Gaínza
656:
651:
649:
639:
637:
635:
629:
619:
618:
616:
611:
601:
599:
589:
587:
577:
575:
570:
565:
563:
558:
553:
551:
546:
541:
539:
534:
529:
527:
522:
517:
515:
510:
498:
496:
495:J. M. Carrera
491:
479:
478:
476:
475:
470:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
449:
448:
440:
430:
428:
418:
416:
406:
405:
404:
399:
394:
393:
392:
391:
389:
384:
380:
377:
374:
373:
372:
370:
363:
358:
353:
350:, since 1817)
349:
343:
338:
333:
330:, until 1814)
329:
323:
313:
312:
311:
309:
307:
302:
301:
296:
286:
283:in 1820, and
282:
278:
274:
272:
271:Spanish Crown
268:
267:
263:
262:
261:
256:
255:
251:
248:
247:
243:
242:Neuquén Basin
239:
238:South Pacific
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
214:
211:
210:
206:
203:
202:
198:
188:
184:
181:
177:
174:
170:
167:
163:
162:
151:
144:
133:
126:
115:
112:
107:
102:
93:
90:
82:
72:
68:
62:
61:
55:
50:
41:
40:
35:
34:
19:
5235:Demographics
5156:Central Bank
5025:Human rights
5013:Constitution
4796:Expansionism
4706:Independence
4705:
4590:
4578:
4564:
4551:
4529:
4525:Gay, Claudio
4516:
4504:
4484:
4471:
4458:
4424:
4418:
4406:. Retrieved
4396:
4387:
4375:
4369:(in Spanish)
4364:
4354:
4352:(in Spanish)
4347:
4342:. pp. 19–20.
4331:
4329:(in Spanish)
4324:
4307:
4300:
4291:
4285:
4272:
4260:
4250:(in Spanish)
4230:. Retrieved
4220:
4180:Ramón Freire
4041:Chile portal
4013:Spain portal
3978:
3955:
3945:the city of
3916:
3897:Ramón Freire
3889:Patria Nueva
3888:
3882:
3858:
3844:. Later on,
3832:at northern
3811:
3783:
3780:
3758:
3753:
3738:
3721:Patria Nueva
3700:
3692:
3657:
3638:
3613:Patria Vieja
3612:
3589:
3582:
3560:
3518:
3515:Patria Vieja
3514:
3511:
3488:
3457:
3434:
3412:
3399:
3387:
3385:
3356:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3338:
3319:Patria Vieja
3268:
3254:
3231:Chilean wars
3216:LGBT history
3162:Contemporary
3020:Patria Nueva
3009:
3005:Patria Vieja
2917:
2911:
2874:Patria Vieja
2862:
2849:
2843:
2820:
2803:
2795:
2776:Buenos Aires
2765:
2750:
2744:
2740:
2732:
2724:
2714:
2706:
2703:Buenos Aires
2677:invasion of
2668:
2624:
2612:
2599:Patria Nueva
2597:
2591:
2587:Patria Vieja
2585:
2575:
2548:
2532:emancipation
2527:
2519:
2517:
2476:20th century
2382:
2322:19th century
2311:Chile (1792)
2198:18th century
2134:
2093:Nevis (1629)
2090:
2048:17th century
1932:Libya (1551)
1756:16th century
1724:15th century
1396:Monte Blanco
1339:
1298:
1284:Biobío River
1274:2nd Quirihue
1195:Gavilán Hill
992:1st Quirihue
970:
915:
858:Spanish Navy
816:Chilean Navy
805:Chilean Army
752:Juan M. Pico
715:José Ordóñez
633:
526:Ramón Freire
514:B. O'Higgins
446:
386:
385:
367:
348:Patria Nueva
328:Patria Vieja
304:
303:
298:Belligerents
264:
109:Part of the
85:
79:October 2009
76:
57:
32:
5250:Immigration
5151:Aquaculture
5146:Agriculture
5078:Gendarmerie
5073:Carabineros
4925:Lighthouses
4865:Environment
4860:Earthquakes
4781:Agriculture
4757:(1973–1990)
4749:(1925–1973)
4741:(1891–1925)
4733:(1861–1891)
4725:(1831–1861)
4717:(1823–1831)
4709:(1810–1826)
4701:(1600–1810)
4693:(1540–1600)
4685:(1536–1540)
4666:Prehispanic
4340:Julio Pinto
3958:Agua Amarga
3883:In Chilean
3649:First Junta
3619:Reconquista
3615:to an end.
3584:Reconquista
3455:broke out.
3357:First Junta
3334:First Junta
3324:First Junta
2934:Monte Verde
2893:History of
2733:absolutists
2593:Reconquista
2470:Guam (1898)
2256:Cuba (1762)
2224:Oran (1732)
2032:Cuba (1596)
1426:Tarpellanca
1381:El Avellano
1366:Talcamávida
1351:Curanilahue
1324:4th Chillán
1319:Los Ángeles
1279:3rd Chillán
1215:2nd Chillán
1185:Curapalihue
1120:Potrerillos
1087:Los Papeles
1032:Cucha-Cucha
1007:Huilquilemu
982:1st Chillán
257:Territorial
71:introducing
5410:Categories
5355:Television
5340:Newspapers
5325:Literature
5265:Indigenous
5245:Healthcare
5178:(currency)
5008:Civil Code
4990:Ministries
4975:Government
4212:References
3966:free trade
3907:See also:
3725:See also:
3623:See also:
3575:Concepción
3533:federalism
3445:Concepción
3441:Valparaíso
3410:) and the
3388:Extremists
3015:Reconquest
2982:Arauco War
2741:carlotists
2731:(known as
2725:status quo
2675:Napoleonic
2643:Charles IV
2621:Background
2089:St. Kitts
1566:Bellavista
1501:Panguilemu
1461:Arauco Bay
1416:2nd Yumbel
1411:2nd Quilmo
1376:1st Yumbel
1346:1st Quilmo
1314:Mesamávida
1269:2nd Parral
1232:Curaumilla
1220:Bustamante
1180:1st Parral
1135:Las Coimas
1130:Achupallas
1057:Membrillar
950:Valparaíso
862:privateers
820:privateers
464:Huilliches
457:Pehuenches
379:Pehuenches
54:references
5335:Mythology
5277:Squatting
5255:Languages
5240:Education
5204:Transport
5161:Companies
5105:Air Force
4985:President
4965:Elections
4920:Volcanoes
4900:Provinces
4838:Geography
3790:Total war
3771:Total war
3664:Argentina
3499:Juan José
3422:realistas
3413:Royalists
3408:moderados
3400:Moderates
3396:exaltados
3341:juntistas
2850:juntistas
2846:"criollo"
2796:carlotist
2786:and laid
2784:Andalusia
2751:juntistas
2707:Queen of
2610:in 1827.
2608:Araucanía
2571:Royalists
2538:from the
1551:Mocopulli
1546:Carelmapu
1496:Laraquete
1436:Cocharcas
1249:2nd Talca
1152:Chacabuco
1105:Juncalito
1047:1st Talca
1027:Trancoyan
1012:Quilacoya
997:Cauquenes
987:Aconcagua
451:Arribanos
388:Royalists
222:Araucanía
207:1812–1827
5390:Category
5272:Religion
5171:Forestry
5097:Military
5035:Intersex
4944:Politics
4806:Maritime
4791:Economic
4786:Banditry
4774:By topic
4698:Colonial
4651:Timeline
4634:articles
4589:(1868).
4577:(1849).
4527:(1856).
4470:(1855).
4456:(1850).
4287:Historia
4232:31 March
3999:See also
3979:In 1822
3972:and the
3962:Vallenar
3947:Valdivia
3927:banditry
3870:Colombia
3815:Scotsman
3605:Rancagua
3539:and the
3529:American
3437:Santiago
2913:Timeline
2884:a series
2882:Part of
2868:Santiago
2709:La Plata
2567:Patriots
1531:Valdivia
1356:Trilaleo
1334:Posillas
1115:Picheuta
1082:Rancagua
1052:El Quilo
1022:El Roble
785:Strength
460:Costinos
454:Boroanos
375:Abajinos
371:allies:
306:Patriots
277:Valdivia
266:De facto
226:Valdivia
212:Location
5374:Outline
5320:Cuisine
5297:Culture
5218:Society
5199:Tourism
5134:Economy
5018:History
4905:Regions
4885:Islands
4880:Geology
4855:Climate
4659:Periods
4642:History
4408:May 18,
4226:"Chile"
3660:Mendoza
3601:Chillán
3418:Spanish
3404:Spanish
3398:), the
3392:Spanish
2863:Cabildo
2854:Spanish
2717:criollo
2524:Spanish
2133:Chiloé
1541:El Toro
1516:Neuquén
1361:Hualqui
1340:Dolores
1244:Illapel
1017:Florida
940:Linares
878:Unknown
875:Unknown
717: (
686: (
634:†
369:Mapuche
287:in 1826
259:changes
67:improve
5395:Portal
5350:Sports
5315:Cinema
5260:People
5189:Mining
5166:Energy
4910:Rivers
4850:Cities
4801:Mining
4673:–1536
4632:
4541:
4492:
4431:
4334:2002.
4294:: 5–42
3939:Callao
3929:(e.g.
3893:Chiloé
3887:, the
3850:Osorno
2886:on the
2695:Brazil
1668:Callao
1561:Pudeto
1421:Pangal
1329:Curalí
1147:Salala
1142:Cumpeo
1042:Gomero
971:Thomas
772:
754:
736:
630:
285:Chiloé
281:Osorno
249:Result
234:Chiloé
230:Osorno
56:, but
5381:Index
5330:Music
5287:Women
5230:Crime
5176:Peso
4915:Lakes
4630:Chile
4312:(PDF)
4282:(PDF)
3824:on a
3426:Spain
2895:Chile
2804:junta
2778:that
2746:junta
2679:Spain
2536:Chile
1506:Bureo
1491:Alico
1486:Boroa
1371:Pileo
1259:Maipú
1037:Penco
342:Chile
322:Chile
5305:Arts
5115:Navy
5110:Army
5030:LGBT
4811:Wars
4539:ISBN
4490:ISBN
4429:ISBN
4410:2022
4338:and
4234:2012
3991:and
3943:Peru
3911:and
3503:Luis
3501:and
3439:and
3351:The
2814:and
2800:Lima
2645:and
2518:The
1536:Agüi
860:and
818:and
279:and
232:and
216:The
204:Date
185:The
178:The
171:The
164:The
5000:Law
4671:ACN
3941:in
2753:).
2580:as
2534:of
720:POW
689:POW
5412::
4675:AD
4378:.
4292:32
4290:,
4284:,
4263:.
4255:;
4242:^
3856:.
3767:.
3587:.
3565:,
3509:.
3493:,
3420::
3406::
3394::
2916:•
2856::
2841:.
2818:.
2810:,
2712:.
2666:.
2613:A
2526::
236:,
228:,
220:,
4677:)
4669:(
4622:e
4615:t
4608:v
4498:.
4437:.
4412:.
4236:.
3788:(
3416:(
3402:(
3390:(
3306:e
3299:t
3292:v
2522:(
2135:·
2091:·
1702:e
1695:t
1688:v
907:e
900:t
893:v
723:)
692:)
390::
346:(
326:(
308::
92:)
86:(
81:)
77:(
63:.
36:.
20:)
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