250:. During 1878 (when Crawford Goldsby was two years old), serious trouble began to occur in San Angela (San Angelo), Texas, between the black soldiers and cowboys and hunters. The incident that led to the largest confrontation took place in Morris' saloon. A group of cowboys and hunters ripped the chevrons from the sleeves of a Company D sergeant and the stripes from his pants. The soldier returned to the post and enlisted the aid of fellow soldiers, who armed themselves with carbines and returned to the saloon. A blazing gunfight commenced, resulting in one hunter being killed and two others wounded. One private was killed and another wounded.
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back, she was followed by
Sheriff Ellis Rattling Gourd, who hoped to capture Goldsby and the Cooks. On June 17, 1894, Sheriff Rattling Gourd and his posse got into a gunfight with Goldsby and the Cook brothers. One of Gourd's men, Deputy Sequoyah Houston, was killed, and Jim Cook was injured. The authorities fled, but later on, when Effie Crittenden was asked if Goldsby had been involved, she stated that it was not Goldsby, but it was Cherokee Bill. After her statement, Crawford Goldsby got the nickname "Cherokee Bill" and became known as one of the most dangerous men of the
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287:. He had served during an earlier enlistment with H Troop, 10th Cavalry. She was the "authenticated" laundress of the 10th Cavalry, D Troop, and stayed with the unit which gave her rations, transportation, and quarters. She transferred to Fort Davis, Texas, and to Fort Grant, Arizona. She was also with the unit at
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Because of the Melton murder incident, the authorities stepped up their pursuit for
Goldsby and the Cook Gang. With the pressure on, the gang split up. Most of the men were captured or killed, but Goldsby managed to escape. When the authorities offered a $ 1300 reward for the capture of Goldsby, some
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On July 26, 1895, Goldsby attempted a jail break with it. He jumped the night guards as they came to lock him into his cell. A guard, Lawrence
Keating, was shot in the stomach. As Keating staggered back down the corridor, Goldsby shot him again in the back. Other guards arrived and prevented Goldsby
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Goldsby's life as an outlaw began when he was 18. At a dance in Fort Gibson, Jake Lewis and he had a confrontation over a dispute that Lewis had with one of
Goldsby's brothers. A few days later, Goldsby took a six-shooter and shot Lewis. Thinking Lewis was dead, Goldsby went on the run, leaving Fort
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of mixed
African, Native, and white ancestry. She was a citizen of the Cherokee Nation born in the Delaware District, is listed on the Dawes Rolls, and had Cherokee heritage through her father's side. His mother and her parents, Tempe and Luge Beck, were once enslaved people owned by Cherokee Nation
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Credit for
Cherokee Bills capture has also been credited to Constables James McBride and Henry Connelly. In December 1894 both officers had to stand trial on a compliant of assault by Cherokee Bill-they were obliged during the arrest to hit him over the head several times when he refused to release
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After this, the Cooks and
Goldsby formed the Cook Gang and began to terrorize Oklahoma. Between August and October, Goldsby and the Cooks went on a crime spree, robbing banks, stagecoaches, and stores, and mercilessly killing those who stood in their way. During this time, Goldsby's hair started to
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Army quartermaster unit and subsequently enlisted as a white man in the 21st
Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment under the name of George Goosby. (The spelling sometimes varied between Goosbey and Goosley). After the Civil War ended, he returned to the Selma area. During his last visit, rumor spread that
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citizen
Jeffery Beck; they continued to reside in Indian Territory after becoming free. Crawford Goldsby had one sister, Georgia, and two brothers, Luther and Clarence. His siblings are listed on the Dawes Rolls. In a signed deposition on January 29, 1912, George Goldsby stated that he was born in
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At this time, Goldsby was wanted for shooting Lewis, while Jim Cook was wanted on larceny charges. The men did not want to be seen by the authorities, so they stopped at a hotel and restaurant run by an acquaintance, Effie
Crittenden. They coaxed her go to Tahlequah to get their money. On her way
960:["The Coffeyville Daily Journal" July 30, 1895 .p.1 quoting "The Fort Smith Times" reports Goldsby claimed the trusty in question was Ben Howell and that the pistol was .44. "The Wichita Daily Eagle" July 27, 1895 .p.1 reports that the pistol was a new pearl handled .41]
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Shortly after 2 pm while on the gallows, it was reported Goldsby was asked if he had anything to say and he replied, "I came here to die, not make a speech." About 12 minutes later, Crawford "Cherokee Bill" Goldsby, the most notorious outlaw in the Territory, was dead.
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sentenced Goldsby to be hanged on September 10, 1895. A stay was granted, pending an appeal to the Supreme Court. On December 2, the Supreme Court affirmed the decision of the Fort Smith court and Judge Parker again set the execution date as March 17, 1896.
291:. Goldsby and William Lynch, his stepfather, did not get along. Crawford began to associate with unsavory characters, drink liquor, and rebel against authority. By the time he was 15, Goldsby had moved in with his sister and her husband, Mose Brown, near
226:. In 1867, Goldsby enlisted in the 10th Cavalry Regiment (Buffalo Soldier) under his proper name, and by 1872 was promoted to sergeant major. After the expiration of his five-year term, he re-enlisted and became first sergeant of Company D, 10th Cavalry.
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On the morning of March 17, Goldsby awoke at six to have a smoke break. He ate a light breakfast sent from the hotel by his mother. At 9:20, his mother and "Aunty" Amanda Foster were admitted to his cell and shortly afterwards came Father Pius, a
264:, Indian Territory. She left her son, Crawford Goldsby, in the care of an elderly black lady known as "Aunty" Amanda Foster. Foster cared for him until he was seven years old, then Crawford was sent to the Indian school at
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In September 1894, Goldsby shot and killed his brother-in-law, Joseph "Mose" Brown, either over an argument about some hogs, or because he thought that Brown "..got more of the parental estate than was due
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Goldsby posing with his captors during a stop by train to Nowata, 1895. Left to right are #5) Zeke Crittenden; #4) Dick Crittenden;Cherokee Bill; #2) Clint Scales, #1) Ike Rogers; #3) Deputy Marshall Bill
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Captain G. W. Arrington, along with a party of rangers, went on-post (at Fort Concho) in an attempt to arrest George Goldsby, charging that he was responsible for arming the soldiers. Colonel
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In June 1895 a pistol was discovered in a bucket at the Fort Smith jail; Goldsby claimed that a prison trustee named Ben Howell had brought the gun in and then had run away a few days later.
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The hanging was scheduled for 11 am, but was delayed until 2 pm so his sister Georgia could see him before the hanging. She was scheduled to arrive at 1 pm on the eastbound train.
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On April 20, 1897, Ike "Robinson" Rogers, who was reported to have been involved in the capture of Cherokee Bill, was shot and killed by Clarence Goldsby at Ft Gibson Oklahoma.
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and agreed to pay out $ 265.70 (~$ 9,357 in 2023) to each person who had a legal claim. Since Goldsby and the Cook brothers were Cherokee Nation citizens, they headed out to
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On April 13, 1895, he was sentenced to death after being tried and convicted for the murder of Ernest Melton. However, his lawyer managed to postpone the execution date.
366:; a tramp who was on the same car tried to run, was shot and died later; the assailant was Crawford Goldsby; according to an 1896 account Collins apparently died as well.
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On November 8, 1894, when the men robbed the Shufeldt and Son General Store, Goldsby shot and killed Ernest Melton, who happened to enter the store during the robbery.
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The body was placed in a coffin, which was placed in a box and taken to the Missouri Pacific depot. Placed aboard the train, Ellen and Georgia escorted the body to
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In the meantime, Goldsby had made a friend, Sherman Vann, who was a trusty at the jail. Sherman managed to sneak a six-gun into Goldsby's cell, a Colt revolver.
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Upon returning home, Crawford Goldsby learned that his mother had remarried. After departing Fort Apache, on June 27, 1889, Ellen married William Lynch in
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On July 4, 1894, Kansas and Arkansas Railroad brakeman Samuel Collins was shot through the bowels after ejecting a drunkard for trying to steal a ride at
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499:(Left): Judge Isaac C. Parker, who sentenced Goldsby to death; (right): depiction of the hanging, as it was published by newspapers after his execution
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fall out due to a disease inherited from his grandfather. The disease left him with so little hair on his head, he decided to shave the remainder off.
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On July 18, 1894, Goldsby and his gang robbed Wells-Fargo Express Company and the St Louis and San Francisco railroad train at Red Fork.
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On January 31, 1895, Goldsby was captured by Ike Rogers and Clint Scales in Nowata, Oklahoma; $ 1300 (~$ 47,611 in 2023) and taken to
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1005:"Netflix Unveils A 2021 Film Slate With Bigger Volume & Star Wattage; Scott Stuber On The Escalating Film Ambition"
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Hell on the Border: He Hanged Eighty-eight Men. A History of the Great ...By S. W. Harman p.397
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On October 22, 1894, Goldsby and three others robbed the post office and Donaldson's Store at
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Goldsby was born to Sgt. George and Ellen (nÊe Beck) Goldsby on February 8, 1876, at
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On December 23, 1894, Goldsby and an accomplice Jim French held up and robbed
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During the summer of 1894, the United States government purchased rights to a
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Nations, where he met up with outlaws Jim and Bill Cook, who were mixed-blood
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priest with whom he had been voluntarily meeting for the previous five days.
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Black, Red, and deadly: Black and Indian gunfighters of the Indian territory
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On July 6, 1894, Mississippi Railway Station Agent A. L. "Dick" Richards of
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The morning call., December 24, 1894, Page 2, Image 2 Library of Congress
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The second trial lasted three days, resulting in a guilty verdict and
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Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Goldsby, Cherokee Bill
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his teeth from McBride's thumb. A Jury acquitted both officers. See
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People executed by the United States federal government by hanging
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153:(February 8, 1876 â March 17, 1896), also known by the alias
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Weiser, Kathy. "Cherokee Bill - Terror of Indian Territory."
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On October 9, 1894, robbery of Express Office and Depot at
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San Francisco Call, Volume 77, Number 74, 22 February 1895
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On July 30, 1894, they robbed the Lincoln County Bank in
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Also repeated in "The Weekly Chieftain" Dec 13, 1894.p.4
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Friends of Thunder: Folktales of the Oklahoma Cherokees
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On September 14, 1894, robbery of Parkinson's Store at
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of his acquaintances came forward and agreed to help.
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Francisco Call, Volume 77, Number 59, 7 February 1895
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The Guthrie Daily Leader August 1, 1894 p.1 column 1
556:, the character of Cherokee Bill is played by actor
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563:The role of Cherokee Bill was played by the actor
842:Indian Chieftain November 15, 1894 .p.2 columon 4
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943:Indian Chieftain December 13, 1894 .p.4 column 2
1083:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1995.
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742:Lest We Forget.com Accessed January 31, 2009.
1152:19th-century executions by the United States
359:On June 17, 1894, killing of Deputy Houston.
181:. His mother Ellen Beck Goldsby Lynch was a
169:Crawford's father, George Goldsby, was from
930:The Dallas daily Chronicle February 1, 1895
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1217:African Americans in the American Old West
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201:George served as a hired servant with a
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820:"Sacramento Daily Union" March 18, 1896
602:"Lynch, Ellen Beck Goldsby (1859â1932)"
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1036:https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10696784/
1003:Fleming, Mike Jr. (January 12, 2021).
875:"Indian Chieftain" March 19, 1896 .p.2
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404:On October 20, 1894, train robbery at
1017:from the original on January 12, 2021
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1197:African-American history of Oklahoma
792:Indian Chieftain March 19, 1896 .p.2
425:, Station Agent Bristow of $ 190.00.
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238:Goldsby with his mother, Ellen Lynch
1172:People from Nowata County, Oklahoma
1162:American people executed for murder
733:"Crawford "Cherokee Bill" Goldsby."
676:"Crawford (Cherokee Bill) Goldsby."
652:"Search the Dawes Rolls, 1898â1914"
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1242:Cherokee people on the Dawes Rolls
1177:Cherokee Nation people (1794â1907)
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809:The Ohio Democrat February 9, 1895
606:Texas State Historical Association
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1147:1894 murders in the United States
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1097:. Eakin Press: Austin, TX, 1991.
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205:infantry regiment during the
681:. Accessed January 31, 2009.
641:. Accessed January 31, 2009.
283:, was a private in K Troop,
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656:Oklahoma Historical Society
580:, starring and narrated by
304:Gibson and heading for the
209:. While serving during the
175:Tenth United States Cavalry
27:American outlaw (1876â1896)
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321:strip of Cherokee land
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970:ODMP Lawrence Keating
752:ODMP Sequoyah Houston
533:Fort Gibson, Oklahoma
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171:Perry County, Alabama
549:The Harder They Fall
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211:Battle of Gettysburg
173:, a sergeant of the
161:for over two years.
99:Execution by hanging
87:Fort Smith, Arkansas
507:U.S. District Judge
406:Correatta, Oklahoma
325:Tahlequah, Oklahoma
183:Cherokee freedwoman
95:Cause of death
1120:2010-07-28 at the
1093:Burton, Arthur T.
1052:: "Cherokee Bill""
1010:Deadline Hollywood
738:2008-04-02 at the
679:Frontier Times.com
639:Legends of America
542:In popular culture
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399:Chouteau, Oklahoma
392:Okmulgee, Oklahoma
381:Chandler, Oklahoma
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207:American Civil War
1167:Cherokee freedmen
864:LDs family Record
731:McRae, Bennie J.
572:television series
558:Lakeith Stanfield
546:In the 2021 film
354:Wetumka, Oklahoma
327:, capitol of the
299:Life as an outlaw
281:Waynesville, Ohio
279:. Lynch, born in
258:Benjamin Grierson
248:San Angelo, Texas
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1142:1896 deaths
1137:1876 births
1021:January 12,
466:Henry Starr
285:9th Cavalry
277:Fort Gibson
262:Fort Gibson
244:Fort Concho
203:Confederate
1131:Categories
588:References
569:syndicated
430:Jail break
230:Early life
60:1876-02-08
582:Jim Davis
565:Pat Hogan
314:Cherokees
1118:Archived
1015:Archived
736:Archived
519:Catholic
310:Seminole
177:, and a
116:Deceased
472:Hanging
387:him..."
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443:Smith.
165:Family
132:Murder
306:Creek
219:Union
1099:ISBN
1085:ISBN
1063:2012
1023:2021
663:2023
613:2023
308:and
89:, US
76:Died
54:Born
246:in
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