363:
28:
351:
327:
339:
1154:
110:, are of a standing two or four-armed figure bearing a combination of the attributes of a conch, a wheel, and a mace in their iconography. This multiplicity convention, in which deities bore numerous limbs and heads in their imagery, was established in the
121:, the chaturbhuja representation of Hindu deities in their icons is regarded to depict their unlimited potential. It exhibits their divine ability to wield multiple articles, such as weapons, and perform numerous activities simultaneously.
132:
imagery, the
Chaturbhuja form is regarded to be the manifestation of a deity who descends upon the earth and performs auspicious acts for the well-being of mankind, typically receiving the veneration of human beings.
362:
204:(drum), his front right hand expresses the abhaya mudra, the back left hand carries fire upon a vessel or the palm of his hand, and his front left hand expresses the
1249:
240:, a composite form, holds a trishula and skull-cap in his two right hands, representing Shiva, and a conch and a discus in his two left hands, representing Vishnu.
990:
569:
27:
525:
758:
1491:
1254:
216:
is described as four-handed, holding a noose and a goad, and the other two hands portraying the abhaya mudra and the varada mudra in the
87:. The iconography of four arms is regarded to symbolise divinity and power, as well as dominion over the four quarters of the universe.
893:
326:
983:
650:
596:
1350:
552:
498:
947:
623:
471:
230:(trident) and expresses the varada mudra on the right half, representing Shiva, while the left half holds a lotus, representing
841:
Karnataka's Rich
Heritage – Temple Sculptures & Dancing Apsaras: An Amalgam of Hindu Mythology, Natyasastra and Silpasastra
704:
444:
350:
957:
930:
903:
876:
849:
822:
812:
795:
768:
741:
714:
687:
660:
633:
606:
579:
535:
508:
481:
454:
427:
400:
677:
417:
390:
976:
210:
mudra. This allegorical depiction of his multiple arms is regarded to indicate his functions of creation and destruction.
1109:
785:
1506:
866:
731:
1415:
920:
839:
1627:
1099:
1486:
1370:
1314:
1010:
1546:
1526:
679:
Shiva
Onstage: Uday Shankar's Company of Hindu Dancers and Musicians in Europe and the United States, 1931–38
338:
1541:
1521:
1094:
1501:
1289:
1119:
1689:
1378:
1360:
1244:
17:
1410:
1234:
1213:
1139:
1694:
1383:
58:
35:
This article is about the concept in Hindu iconography. For the deity who bears this epithet, see
1551:
1516:
1239:
1134:
1561:
814:
Karnataka's Rich
Heritage – Art and Architecture: From Prehistoric Times to the Hoysala Period
1114:
125:
1496:
1299:
446:
A Classical
Dictionary of Hindu Mythology, and Religion, Geography, History, and Literature
164:
are also often depicted in their icons with these four attributes, most prominently in his
8:
1632:
1617:
1531:
1511:
1324:
70:
31:
Granite figure of Vishnu, India, 16th century CE. National Museum of
Scotland, Edinburgh.
1651:
The above list of archaeological sites, inscriptions and temples is grossly incomplete.
1400:
1153:
1663:
1622:
1556:
1104:
1078:
953:
926:
899:
872:
845:
818:
791:
764:
737:
710:
683:
656:
629:
602:
575:
531:
504:
477:
450:
423:
396:
149:
76:
49:
1536:
1453:
1420:
1037:
527:
Many Heads, Arms, and Eyes: Origin, Meaning, and Form of
Multiplicity in Indian Art
261:
118:
178:
carries lotuses in two of her hands, the other two expressing the gestures of the
1668:
1604:
1329:
1279:
1208:
1129:
1042:
305:
223:
949:
Hindu
Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition
1395:
1365:
1355:
1284:
1058:
157:
968:
90:
Chaturbhuja is also primarily employed as an epithet for the preserver deity,
1683:
1468:
1405:
309:
80:
1478:
1463:
1390:
1264:
217:
144:
is generally depicted with four arms, carrying his four attributes of the
183:
179:
161:
145:
107:
103:
84:
706:
Encyclopedia of
Comparative Iconography: Themes Depicted in Works of Art
1345:
1309:
1063:
733:
The Siva Purana Part 4: Ancient Indian
Tradition and Mythology Volume 4
299:
253:
153:
83:
are often portrayed with four arms in their iconography, featured in
1458:
1203:
1177:
1124:
999:
265:
237:
227:
197:
129:
1073:
275:
269:
231:
213:
187:
175:
169:
111:
1319:
1304:
1218:
1198:
1193:
595:
Cush, Denise; Robinson, Catherine; York, Michael (2012-08-21).
243:
201:
165:
141:
114:
region, before becoming a custom in later Hindu iconography.
91:
36:
1612:
1590:
1068:
289:
285:
279:
278:
bears a noose, an elephant goad, a sweet dumpling called the
257:
247:
193:
1294:
554:
Hindu Mythology: A Guide to the Gods and Goddesses of India
295:
622:
Coulter, Charles Russell; Turner, Patricia (2013-07-04).
676:
Jost, Diana Brenscheidt gen; Brenscheidt, Diana (2011).
260:
with two of her hands, and an assortment of a book, a
63:
79:
in which a deity is depicted with four arms. Several
256:
is portrayed as holding the instrument known as the
868:America and the Challenges of Religious Diversity
282:, and his other hand portrays the abhaya mudra.
1681:
594:
998:
952:. University of California Press. p. 147.
783:
675:
392:The Illustrated Dictionary of Hindu Iconography
205:
984:
621:
567:
449:. Asian Educational Services. p. 388.
196:is depicted with four hands in his form of
991:
977:
871:. Princeton University Press. p. 42.
574:. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 58.
523:
422:. Himalayan Institute Press. p. 469.
922:Encyclopaedia of Hindu Gods and Goddesses
419:Perennial Psychology of the Bhagavad Gita
682:. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 242–243.
476:. SAGE Publications India. p. 181.
26:
945:
918:
864:
729:
702:
648:
496:
388:
288:is portrayed with a spear, a goad, the
272:, and a lotus in her other two hands.
42:Hindu iconography of four-armed deities
14:
1682:
469:
442:
75:'four-armed') is a concept in
972:
891:
837:
810:
756:
736:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 1661.
557:. Creek Ridge Publishing. p. 18.
332:Ganesha in the Indian Museum, Kolkata
550:
415:
308:is described with four hands in the
1011:Hindu architecture and art glossary
763:. Penguin Books India. p. 37.
473:Hinduism in India: The Early Period
298:is featured with four hands in the
24:
1492:Brihadisvara Gangaikondacholapuram
568:Bhattacharya, Sunil Kumar (1996).
128:states that in both Vaishnava and
25:
1706:
790:. Sarup & Sons. p. 290.
703:Roberts, Helene E. (2013-09-05).
655:. Popular Prakashan. p. 93.
250:and a rosary in his four hands.
1152:
925:. Sarup & Sons. p. 10.
497:Kirshna, Nanditha (2009-07-20).
389:Stutley, Margaret (2019-04-09).
361:
349:
337:
325:
939:
912:
895:Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide
885:
858:
831:
804:
784:Parmeshwaranand, Swami (2004).
777:
760:Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide
750:
723:
696:
669:
642:
625:Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities
615:
865:Wuthnow, Robert (2011-07-01).
588:
561:
551:Berg, Sebastian (2021-11-03).
544:
517:
490:
463:
436:
409:
382:
246:is depicted to be holding the
200:. His back right hand holds a
97:
13:
1:
946:Kinsley, David (1988-07-19).
844:. Notion Press. p. 529.
817:. Notion Press. p. 186.
730:Shastri, J. L. (2017-01-01).
376:
356:Shiva as Nataraja, Tamil Nadu
106:images, according to scholar
892:Dalal, Roshen (2014-04-18).
787:Encyclopaedia of the Śaivism
530:. BRILL. pp. 157, 168.
226:, a composite form, holds a
7:
1000:Hindu inscriptions and arts
898:. Penguin UK. p. 559.
838:Chugh, Lalit (2017-05-23).
811:Chugh, Lalit (2016-04-08).
470:Bailey, Greg (2017-01-02).
136:
64:
10:
1711:
1507:Chennakesava Somanathapura
709:. Routledge. p. 171.
652:Students' Britannica India
628:. Routledge. p. 650.
601:. Routledge. p. 181.
571:Krishna-cult in Indian Art
524:Srinivasan, Doris (1997).
503:. Penguin UK. p. 15.
395:. Routledge. p. 107.
315:
186:, sometimes replaced by a
34:
1659:
1641:
1603:
1583:
1574:
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1227:
1186:
1170:
1161:
1150:
1087:
1051:
1030:
1019:
1006:
206:
53:
1351:Bateshwar Madhya Pradesh
919:Chandra, Suresh (1998).
598:Encyclopedia of Hinduism
1497:Airavatesvara Darasuram
1487:Brihadisvara Thanjavur
757:Dalal, Roshen (2010).
649:Hoiberg, Dale (2000).
32:
1547:Jageshwar Uttarakhand
1512:Hoysaleswara Halebidu
443:Dowson, John (2004).
292:, and a blue lotus.
30:
1584:Archaeological sites
1522:Nataraja Chidambaram
1447:Archaeological sites
1187:Archaeological sites
1052:Archaeological sites
416:Rama, Swami (1985).
117:According to author
1633:Hinduism by country
1502:Chennakeshava Belur
1411:Sirpur Chhattisgarh
1406:Mahabalipuram Group
1375:Alampur Telangana
1361:Chaturbhuj Gwalior
1100:Hathibada Ghosundi
368:Brahma, Tamil Nadu
33:
1690:Hindu iconography
1677:
1676:
1652:
1644:
1599:
1598:
1570:
1569:
1537:Dewark Sun Temple
1433:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1148:
1147:
1105:Heliodorus pillar
1079:Pandu Rajar Dhibi
959:978-0-520-90883-3
932:978-81-7625-039-9
905:978-81-8475-277-9
878:978-1-4008-3724-3
851:978-1-947137-36-3
824:978-93-5206-825-8
797:978-81-7625-427-4
770:978-0-14-341421-6
743:978-81-208-3871-0
716:978-1-136-78792-8
689:978-3-643-90108-8
662:978-0-85229-760-5
635:978-1-135-96397-2
608:978-1-135-18979-2
581:978-81-7533-001-6
537:978-90-04-10758-8
510:978-81-8475-865-8
483:978-93-5150-573-0
456:978-81-206-1786-5
429:978-0-89389-090-2
402:978-0-429-62425-4
150:Sudarshana Chakra
77:Hindu iconography
74:
62:
16:(Redirected from
1702:
1650:
1642:
1628:Pilgrimage sites
1581:
1580:
1444:
1443:
1346:Pattadakal Group
1270:
1269:
1168:
1167:
1156:
1110:Lakulisa Mathura
1038:Didarganj Yakshi
1028:
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986:
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365:
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344:Lakshmi, Gujarat
341:
329:
209:
208:
162:ten incarnations
126:Doris Srinivasan
119:Nanditha Krishna
85:Hindu literature
69:
67:
57:
55:
21:
1710:
1709:
1705:
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1695:Hindu mythology
1680:
1679:
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1673:
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1637:
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1552:Sasbahu Gwalior
1532:Modhera Gujarat
1473:
1439:
1425:
1396:Somnath Gujarat
1366:Masrur Himachal
1334:
1330:Elephanta Caves
1280:Udayagiri Caves
1259:
1255:Mandasor Pillar
1223:
1209:Chandraketugarh
1182:
1171:Arts, sculpture
1163:
1157:
1144:
1120:Mountain Temple
1083:
1047:
1043:Pompeii Lakshmi
1031:Arts, sculpture
1023:
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306:Tripura Sundari
224:Ardhanarishvara
139:
100:
43:
40:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1577:(1400-1799 CE)
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1562:Jagannath Puri
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1401:Dwarka Gujarat
1398:
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1356:Teli ka Mandir
1353:
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1315:Mandasor Shiva
1312:
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1300:Nachna Parvati
1297:
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1287:
1282:
1276:
1274:
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1247:
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536:
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500:Book of Vishnu
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435:
428:
408:
401:
380:
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190:and a mirror.
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1618:Denominations
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1517:Udupi Krishna
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1469:Somanathapura
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1440:(900-1299 CE)
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1371:Lakshana Devi
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1285:Bhumara Shiva
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1140:Vasu Doorjamb
1138:
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735:
734:
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708:
707:
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691:
685:
681:
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146:Panchajanya
124:Indologist
108:Gavin Flood
98:Description
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1379:Navabrahma
1339:600-899 CE
1273:400-599 CE
1064:Bet Dwarka
1020:Beginnings
377:References
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152:(discus),
65:Caturbhuja
18:Chaturbhuj
1542:Khajuraho
1421:Meenakshi
1416:Srirangam
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1115:Mora Well
254:Saraswati
207:gajahasta
154:Kaumodaki
148:(conch),
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59:romanized
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1438:Advanced
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1204:Besnagar
1178:Nataraja
1162:Maturity
1125:Naneghat
238:Harihara
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198:Nataraja
182:and the
137:Examples
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50:Sanskrit
1605:Related
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1479:Temples
1265:Temples
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1059:Mathura
1024:400 CE)
1022:(before
316:Gallery
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1591:Hampi
1454:Belur
1069:Dihar
290:Vajra
286:Indra
268:, an
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248:Vedas
194:Shiva
158:Padma
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