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1310:) who symbolizes spiritual ignorance. The dynamism of the energetic dance is depicted with the whirling hair which spread out in thin strands as a fan behind his head. The details in the Nataraja artwork have been variously interpreted by Indian scholars since the 12th century for its symbolic meaning and theological essence. Nataraja is a well known sculptural symbol in India and popularly used as a symbol of Indian culture, in particular as one of the finest illustrations of
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4741:
45:
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1208:
1306:). His body, fingers, ankles, neck, face, head, ear lobes and dress are shown decorated with symbolic items, which vary with historic period and region. He is surrounded by a ring of flames, standing on a lotus pedestal, lifting his left leg (or in rare cases, the right leg) and balancing / trampling upon a demon shown as a dwarf (
1549:
James
Lochtefeld states that Nataraja symbolizes "the connection between religion and the arts", and it represents Shiva as the lord of dance, encompassing all "creation, destruction and all things in between". The Nataraja iconography incorporates contrasting elements, a fearless celebration of the
1210:
3807:
He also points out that these stances are very similar to Yoga Asanas, and in the
Gopuram walls at Chidambaram, at least twenty different classical Yoga Asanas are depicted by the dancers, including Dhanurasana, Chakrasana, Vrikshasana, Natarajasana, Trivikramasana, Ananda Tandavasana, Padmasana,
1875:
Hundreds of years ago, Indian artists created visual images of dancing Shivas in a beautiful series of bronzes. In our time, physicists have used the most advanced technology to portray the patterns of the cosmic dance. The metaphor of the cosmic dance thus unifies ancient mythology, religious art
1214:
1213:
1209:
1541:
Coomaraswamy summarizes the significance of Shiva's entire dance as an image of his rhythmic or musical play which is the source of all movement within the universe, represented by the arch surrounding Shiva. Secondly, the purpose of his dance is to release the souls of all men from illusion. And
1520:
Padma Kaimal questions some of these interpretations by referring to a 10th-century text and
Nataraja icons, suggesting that the Nataraja statue may have symbolized different things to different people or in different contexts, such as Shiva being the lord of cremation or as an emblem of Chola
1215:
1864:. The statue, symbolizing Shiva's cosmic dance of creation and destruction, was given to CERN by the Indian government to celebrate the research center's long association with India. A special plaque next to the Shiva statue explains the metaphor of Shiva's cosmic dance with quotations from
1358:), which symbolically represent the cosmic fire that in Hindu cosmology creates everything and consumes everything, in cyclic existence or cycle of life. The fire also represents the evils, dangers, heat, warmth, light and joys of daily life. The arch of fire emerges from two
1593:
and a dance posture of Shiva. The details in the
Nataraja artwork have attracted commentaries and secondary literature such as poems detailing its theological significance. It is one of the widely studied and supreme illustrations of Hindu art from the medieval era.
1212:
1829:
In the contemporary Hindu culture of Bali in
Indonesia, Siwa (Shiva) Nataraja is the god who created dance. Siwa and his dance as Nataraja was also celebrated in the art of Java Indonesia when Hinduism thrived there, while in Cambodia he was referred to as
1374:
His legs are bent, which suggests an energetic dance. His long, matted tresses, are shown to be loose and flying out in thin strands during the dance, spread into a fan behind his head, because of the wildness and ecstasy of the
1386:
1476:
The lower left hand is bent downwards at the wrist with the palm facing inward, we also note that this arm crosses Naṭarāja’s chest, concealing his heart from view. It represents tirodhāna, which means “occlusion,
2130:
2182:
In
Pedarapu Chenna Reddy, ed. History, Culture and Archaeological Studies Recent Trends, Commemoration Volume to Prof. M.L.K. Murthy, Vol. II, Delhi: B.R. Publishing Corporation, Pp. 613-634, PLS. 54.1-6
1980:
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1223:
The sculpture is symbolic of Shiva as the lord of dance and dramatic arts, with its style and proportions made according to Hindu texts on arts. The two most common forms of Shiva's dance are the
1521:
dynasty. In contrast, Sharada
Srinivasan questions the link to Chola, and has presented archaeological evidence suggesting that Nataraja bronzes and dancing Shiva artwork in South India was a
2039:
926:(The twelve books of Southern Shaivism) state that Nataraja is the form of Shiva in which he performs his functions of creation, destruction, preservation, and is also attributed with
922:
The sculpture is symbolic of Shiva as the lord of dance and dramatic arts, with its style and proportions made according to Hindu texts on arts. Tamil devotional texts such as the
2110:
2023:
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955:
in 6th century CE, which is known by
Archeological Survey of India and Archeological Survey of Tamil Nadu as the oldest known Nataraja sculpture in India. The stone
3579:
1693:, which includes an inscription, and is dated to about the 6th century CE. The Asanapat inscription also mentions a Shiva temple in the Saivacaryas kingdom.
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1880:
Though named "Nataraja bronzes" in
Western literature, the Chola Nataraja artworks are mostly in copper, and a few are in brass, typically cast by the
2088:
1382:
personified as a goddess, from the Hindu mythology where the danger of a mighty river is creatively tied to a calm river for the regeneration of life.
1689:(Karnataka), by around the 6th century. One of the earliest known Nataraja artworks has been found in the archaeological site at Asanapat village in
1236:(dance of bliss, the vigorous form of dance), associated with the destruction of weary worldviews—weary perspectives and lifestyles. In essence, the
1735:, now held at the Gwalior Archaeological Museum. Similarly, Nataraja artwork has been found in archaeological sites in the Himalayan region such as
1367:
He looks calm, even through the continuous chain of creation and destruction that maintains the universe, that shows the supreme tranquility of the
1505:
The slightly smiling face of Shiva represents his calmness despite being immersed in the contrasting forces of universe and his energetic dance.
1621:) to be one," while "an earlier hymn to Nataraja by Manikkavachakar identifies him with the unitary supreme consciousness, by using Tamil word
1121:) is another alternate equivalent term for Nataraja found in 1st-millennium sculptures and archeological sites across the Indian subcontinent.
2073:
1750:, of various heights typically less than four feet. Nataraja reliefs are found in historic settings in many parts of South East Asia such as
1251:, the historic Nataraja artworks found in different parts of India are set in geometric patterns and along symmetric lines, particularly the
930:
and the act of blessing his devotees. Thus, Nataraja is considered one of the highest forms of Shiva in Tamil Nadu, and the sculpture or the
2011:
867:, and is a well-known sculptural symbol in India and popularly used as a symbol of Indian culture, as one of the finest illustrations of
1939:
1550:
joys of dance while being surrounded by fire, untouched by forces of ignorance and evil, signifying a spirituality that transcends all
4069:
1488:), urging the viewer to seek the inner wisdom, self-realization. The three eyes alternatively symbolize an equilibrium of the three
4777:
1955:
2054:
1929:
is a posture resembling
Nataraja and named for him in the 20th century. A similar pose appears in the classical Indian dance form
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idol of Nataraja is worshipped in almost all Shiva temples across Tamil Nadu. It typically shows Shiva dancing in one of the
3794:
1996:
2877:
in an Old Dhaka temple ... a stone statue of Nateshwar, a depiction of dancing Shiva on the back of his bull-carrier Nandi
1774:. The dancing Shiva became a part of Chola era processions and religious festivals, a practice that continued thereafter.
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1416:
Four-armed figures are most typical, but ten-armed forms are also found from various places and periods, for example the
3773:
2906:
2792:
2396:"அம்பலவாணன், Ambalavanan, Boy Baby Name (Tamil Name), complete collection of boy baby name, girl baby name, tamil name"
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1160:(Tillai). The dance of Shiva in Chidambaram forms the motif for all the depictions of Shiva as Nataraja. Koothan(ta:
745:
2816:
1677:
Stone reliefs depicting the classical form of Nataraja are found in numerous cave temples of India, such as at the
1484:. The eyes represent the sun, the moon and the third has been interpreted as the inner eye, or symbol of knowledge (
967:, by around the 6th century, are also among the oldest Nataraja sculptures in India. Ancient Tamil songs during the
940:
poses, holding various symbols which vary with historic period and region, trampling upon a demon shown as a dwarf (
4037:
1378:
On his right side, meshed in with one of the flying strands of his hair near his forehead, is typically the river
5518:
1007:, of various heights typically less than four feet, some over. Nataraja reliefs have been found in many parts of
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1644:
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innovation, tracing back to 7th to 9th-centuries, and its symbolism should be pushed back by a few centuries.
5441:
4062:
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1636:
1712:
with underlying philosophical concepts of cosmic cycles of creation and destruction, which is also found in
999:, dating Nataraja worship way before the 7th century CE. Around the 8th to 10th century, statues emerged in
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1902:
1705:
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1739:, albeit in with somewhat different dance pose and iconography, such as just two arms or with eight arms.
1259:) that in the Indian tradition means the interdependence and fusion of masculine and feminine principles.
3987:
1244:
are just two aspects of Shiva’s nature; for he destroys in order to create, tearing down to build again.
2178:"If this is Citambaram-Nataraja, then where is Tillai-Kūttaṉ? An Introspective Reading of Tēvāram Hymns"
5538:
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Archaeological discoveries have yielded a red Nataraja sandstone statue, from 9th to 10th century from
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Srinivasan, Sharada (2004). "Shiva as 'cosmic dancer': On Pallava origins for the Nataraja bronze".
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The face shows two eyes plus a slightly open third on the forehead, which symbolize the triune in
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368:
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3464:"Catalogue of Antiquities from East Asia in the Museums of art in U. S. A. Europe and India (5)"
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The classical form of the depiction appears in a pillar of rock cut temple at Seeyamangalam –
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1554:. Furthermore, Carole and Pasquale note that the deity showcases the eternal cycle of life (
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4162:
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2395:
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275:
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Sharada Srinivasan, "Shiva as 'cosmic dancer': on Pallava origins for the Nataraja bronze"
3192:
drum as one of the attributes of Shiva in his dancing representation see: Jansen, page 44.
8:
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3102:
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1762:, and central Asia. The oldest free-standing stone sculptures of Nataraja were built by
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303:
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3822:
3769:
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3657:
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3426:
A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century
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2374:
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2310:
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2209:
1767:
1640:
762:
343:
109:
4005:
1072:, the name is related to Shiva's fame as the "Lord of Dancers" or "King of Actors".
5354:
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Prambanan: Sculpture and Dance in Ancient Java : a Study in Dance Iconography
2810:"Shiva Nataraja: A Study in Myth, Iconography, and the Meaning of a Sacred Symbol"
1546:, which is portrayed as the center of the universe, is actually within the heart.
1427:
The upper right hand holds a small drum shaped like an hourglass that is called a
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is a rare Pala image that shows the ten-armed Nataraja dancing on his bull, Nandi
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2003:
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period between 7th century and mid-9th centuries CE. Nataraja was worshipped at
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1229:(the gentle form of dance), associated with the creation of the world, and the
1141:
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984:
838:
782:
630:
20:
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1152:”. This form is present in most Shiva temples, and is the prime deity in the
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5239:
5134:
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4512:
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2991:. Robarts - University of Toronto. New York Sunwise Turn. pp. 57–58, 65.
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1664:
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1455:-hand") is used to hold the drum. It symbolizes rhythm of creation and time.
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connotations is also argued on the basis of the testimony of the hymns of
1696:
Literary evidences shows that the bronze representation of Shiva's ananda-
1450:
1443:
1429:
991:, popularly known as "Nalvar" (The four) extol Nataraja and describes the
775:
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5339:
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Shiva as Lord of the Dance (Nataraja), Chola period, c. 10th/11th century
2541:
2045:
1987:
1906:
1850:
1778:
1770:. Nataraja gained special significance and became a symbol of royalty in
1543:
1468:
1400:
1248:
1157:
1092:
698:
567:
563:
526:
88:
4020:Śiva's Dance: Iconography and Dance Practice in South and Southeast Asia
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19:"Nateshwar" redirects here. For Archaeological ruins in Bangladesh, see
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A cobra uncoils from his lower right forearm, while his hand is in the
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1080:
1039:
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363:
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India - Mahabharata. Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminar Abroad 1994 (India)
1562:, and how a human being should conquer spiritual ignorance and attain
5364:
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4179:
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1865:
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1421:
1404:
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923:
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825:. The pose and artwork are described in many Hindu texts such as the
635:
615:
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459:
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308:
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213:
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2177:
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44:
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3242:. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 147, entry for Chidambaram.
3175:
Silpa Prakasa Medieval Orissan Sanskrit Text on Temple Architecture
2888:
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1626:
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1489:
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2286:, Journal of South Asian Literature, Vol. 21, No. 2, pages 208-216
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Brunner-Lachaux, Hélène; Goodall, Dominic; Padoux, André (2007).
1990:(261AD) Inscription at Keonjhar district of Odisha 3rd Century AD
1815:
1736:
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1652:
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1354:
He dances within a circular or cyclically closed arch of flames (
1241:
1232:
1109:
827:
822:
665:
572:
530:
386:
208:
185:
4042:
3076:
Principles of Composition in Hindu Sculpture: Cave Temple Period
2362:
2360:
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Performance and Culture: Narrative, Image and Enactment in India
1292:
text, and the back hand holding a musical instrument, usually a
5395:
5319:
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5219:
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5164:
5124:
5114:
5104:
4911:
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3992:. Vol. 36. The Journal of Modern Craft. pp. 432–450.
3552:
3189:
2289:
1861:
1856:
In 2004, a 2 meter statue of the dancing Shiva was unveiled at
1846:
1819:
1802:
1797:
1728:
1690:
1551:
1379:
1294:
956:
931:
693:
688:
645:
582:
428:
424:
415:
178:
3171:
1632:." This may point to an "osmosis" of ideas in medieval India.
1502:
or Muyalaka, who symbolizes ignorance which Nataraja destroys.
1322:
The dance of Nataraja is revealed in a story mentioned in the
125:
5329:
5234:
5229:
5214:
5109:
5094:
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3003:"கூத்தன் சபேசன் அம்பலவாணன் நடராஜன்SAGARVA BHARATH FOUNDATION"
2357:
2159:"கூத்தன் சபேசன் அம்பலவாணன் நடராஜன்Sagarva Bharath Foundation"
1793:
1789:
1788:
In medieval era artworks and texts on dancing Shiva found in
1582:
1438:
1396:
1281:
1237:
1225:
980:
855:
810:
411:
325:
320:
241:
195:
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68:
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2921:
2889:
Los Angeles County Museum of Art; Pal, Pratapaditya (1986).
1609:, resembling the Advaita doctrine, or "abstract monism," of
4047:
3161:. United States Educational Foundation in India. p. 5.
1857:
1842:
1755:
1614:
1555:
1460:
1269:
1149:
1056:
1016:
770:
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348:
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81:
3968:
The Dance of Siva: Religion, Art and Poetry in South India
3299:
The Dance of Siva: Religion, Art and Poetry in South India
2336:
The Dance of Siva: Religion, Art and Poetry in South India
1860:, the European Center for Research in Particle Physics in
3906:
3343:
1326:. The symbolism has been interpreted in classical Indian
3789:
Bhavanani, Ananda Balayogi; Bhavanani, Devasena (2001).
2298:
1284:, the front right hand with a wrapped snake that is in
821:, as the divine cosmic dancer. His dance is called the
2707:
2705:
2328:
2326:
1060:
meaning "king, lord"; it can be roughly translated as
2712:
Banerjee, P. (1969). "A Siva Icon from Piandjikent".
1589:. Nataraja is a significant visual interpretation of
1199:) are other common names of Nataraja in Tamil texts.
3214:, The Art Bulletin Volume 81, Issue 3, pages 390-419
2643:
Temple Imagery from Early Mediaeval Peninsular India
1585:
period, an abstract or 'cosmic' symbolism linked to
1095:, with all three terms meaning "Lord of the dance".
3866:
3824:
The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent
3497:
The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent
3407:, Berlin Indological Studies, volume 21, page 200;
3262:
3235:
2751:
2702:
2680:
The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent
2608:
The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent
2550:
2520:
2323:
2250:
1647:, the cosmic dance of Shiva as Nataraja represents
1194:
1181:
1168:
914:
898:
882:
804:
3821:
3808:Siddhasana, Kaka Asana, Vrishchikasana and others.
3788:
3559:. Oxford University Press. pp. 15–20, 24–25.
3494:
3264:
3056:, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983).
2890:
2677:
2605:
2560:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 236–238, 247–258.
2048:8th-century sandstone Nataraja from Madhya Pradesh
3622:
3595:
3532:. Oxford University Press. pp. 56, 47, 101.
3525:
3098:
3096:
2925:Mélanges Tantriques À la Mémoire D'Hélène Brunner
2776:
2366:
2208:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 19–26.
49:An 1820 painting of Nataraja in a temple chariot.
5505:
3892:. Havelte, Holland: Binkey Kok Publications BV.
2948:
2928:. Institut français de Pondichéry. p. 245.
2635:
2633:
2079:The oldest known Tamil bronze Nataraja, 800 AD,
1814:. Nataraja artwork have also been discovered in
1272:(fire) in his left back hand, the front hand in
3935:
3676:
3052:Carmel Berkson, Wendy Doniger, George Michell,
1810:, the bull; further, he is regionally known as
1597:Srinivasan notes that Nataraja is described as
1262:It typically shows Shiva dancing in one of the
3819:
3782:
3735:"Shiva's Cosmic Dance at CERN | Fritjof Capra"
3492:
3152:
3150:
3093:
3079:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 163–164, 257.
2675:
2603:
2527:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 223–229, 237.
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
4771:
4063:
3650:Fredrik Eugene DeBoer; I Made Bandem (1995).
3602:. Oxford University Press. pp. 130, 57.
3322:
3267:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z
3239:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M
2843:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2639:
2630:
2476:
2373:. Oxford University Press. pp. 489–490.
2201:
2017:6th-century Nataraja in Cave 21, Ellora Caves
739:
3656:. Oxford University Press. pp. ii–iii.
3653:Balinese Dance in Transition: Kaja and Kelod
3546:
3361:
3302:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–4.
3212:Shiva Nataraja: Shifting Meanings of an Icon
3156:
3115:, Vol. 20, No. 118 (Apr., 1922), pages 18-19
2984:
2915:
2782:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2579:
2577:
3964:
3629:. Oxford University Press. pp. 48–50.
3367:"Expanding worldviews: cosmic perspectives"
3295:
3147:
3072:
2897:. University of California Press. pp.
2483:. Mittal Publications. pp. 59–60, 88.
2463:
2332:
2271:
2222:
2188:
1746:in its mature and best-known expression in
1601:or "Being, Consciousness and Bliss" in the
1495:The dwarf underneath his foot is the demon
1003:in its mature and best-known expression in
908:
892:
876:
798:
4778:
4764:
4070:
4056:
3985:
3553:Aghoraśivācārya; Richard H. Davis (2010).
3449:
3349:
3316:
3223:
2861:"A journey to the past with dancing Shiva"
2834:
2755:The Concept of Rudra-Śiva Through the Ages
1800:, he is sometimes shown as dancing on his
1148:) which means “The Lord who dances on the
746:
732:
43:
3870:The Dance of Śiva: Fourteen Indian Essays
3172:Alice Boner; Sadāśiva Rath Śarmā (1966).
3157:DeVito, Carole; DeVito, Pasquale (1994).
2988:The dance of Siva; fourteen Indian essays
2893:Indian Sculpture: Circa 500 B.C.-A.D. 700
2660:
2592:
2574:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2257:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 223–224.
2175:
59:Adalvallan, Koothan, Sabesan, Ambalavanan
3939:Nataraja in Art, Thought, and Literature
3429:. Pearson Education India. p. 642.
2882:
2711:
2646:. Ashgate Publishing. pp. 150–151.
2370:The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Arts
2246:
2244:
1836:
1777:The depiction was informed of cosmic or
1668:
1532:
1508:
1385:
1030:
3758:
3556:A Priest's Guide for the Great Festival
3271:. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp.
2955:. Philadelphia Museum of Art. pp.
2480:Iconography of Śiva in Pahāṛī Paintings
1891:Nataraja is celebrated in 108 poses of
1742:Around the 10th century, it emerged in
1403:and a flower identified as that of the
16:Depiction of Shiva as Lord of the dance
5506:
4022:, Alessandra Iyer (2000), Music in Art
3885:
3329:. Praeger. pp. 144–147, 160–161.
3144:Encyclopedia of Ancient History (2013)
2497:
2393:
1673:Nataraja sculpture from Medieval Assam
1513:6th/7th century Nataraja in Cave 1 of
1437:in Sanskrit. A specific hand gesture (
944:) who symbolizes spiritual ignorance.
4759:
4051:
3422:
3418:
3416:
3178:. Brill Archive. pp. xxxvi, 144.
3126:SHIVA NATARAJA AS A SYMBOL OF PARADOX
3107:Saiva Sculptures: Recent Acquisitions
2985:Coomaraswamy, Ananda Kentish (1918).
2980:
2978:
2976:
2822:from the original on 5 September 2012
2284:SHIVA NATARAJA AS A SYMBOL OF PARADOX
2241:
1655:and the dissolution of the universe.
1464:or fire, which signifies destruction.
1395:His headdress often features a human
1288:(fear not) mudra while pointing to a
4028:, Freer Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian
3907:Vivek Nanda; George Michell (2004).
3626:Śiva in dance, myth, and iconography
3599:Śiva in dance, myth, and iconography
3529:Śiva in dance, myth, and iconography
3403:Rupendra Chattopadhya et al (2013),
2801:
2176:Rajarajan, R. K. K. (January 2018).
1916:
1613:, "which holds the individual Self (
1364:(mythical water beasts) on each end.
1219:(Shiva) Nataraja (Lord of the Dance)
1107:which means "act, drama, dance" and
1054:meaning "act, drama, dance" and राज
2807:
1346:, dating from the 12th century CE (
871:. This form is also referred to as
13:
4785:
3860:
3501:. Yale University Press. pp.
3461:
3413:
2973:
2684:. Yale University Press. pp.
1895:, with Sanskrit inscriptions from
1206:
949:Avanibhajana Pallaveshwaram Temple
14:
5555:
4013:
3828:. Yale University Press. p.
3142:Shiva Nataraja, lord of the dance
3130:Journal of South Asian Literature
2612:. Yale University Press. p.
2299:Anna Libera Dallapiccola (2007).
1986:Asanpata Nataraja with Naga King
1841:Modern statue gifted by India at
1528:
853:and the Grantha texts. The dance
4739:
4730:
4729:
4205:
4038:Chidambareswarar Nataraja Temple
2783:Coomaraswamy, Ananda K. (2013).
2421:"General Compendium-5 - GKToday"
2129:
2109:
2087:
2072:
2053:
2038:
2022:
2010:
2002:A damaged 6th-century Nataraja,
1995:
1979:
1954:
1938:
715:
124:
4032:Nataraja: India's Cycle of Fire
3846:
3813:
3752:
3727:
3697:
3683:. White Lotus. pp. 69–70.
3670:
3643:
3616:
3589:
3573:
3519:
3486:
3455:
3397:
3355:
3326:A concise history of Indian art
3289:
3256:
3229:
3204:
3195:
3182:
3165:
3135:
3118:
3066:
3021:
2995:
2942:
2853:
2438:
2413:
2387:
1542:third, the place of the dance,
1124:In Tamil, he is also known as “
995:as the home of Nataraja as the
3998:10.1080/1468936042000282726821
3971:. Cambridge University Press.
3768:. Thorsons. pp. 419–422.
3405:The Kingdom of the Saivacaryas
2762:. p. 178 with footnotes.
2169:
2151:
951:constructed by a Pallava King
1:
3910:Chidambaram: Home of Nataraja
2557:Elements of Hindu Iconography
2524:Elements of Hindu Iconography
2446:"The Lord (or King) of Dance"
2254:Elements of Hindu Iconography
2145:
1587:five elements (Pancha Bhoota)
1473:gesture as a sign to not fear
1458:The upper left hand contains
4077:
3867:Ananda Coomaraswamy (1957).
3586:(2004) 36(3), pages 432–450.
3480:10.11168/jeb1947.1971.96_L74
3263:James G. Lochtefeld (2002).
3236:James G. Lochtefeld (2002).
3112:Museum of Fine Arts Bulletin
3054:Elephanta: The Cave of Shiva
2752:Mahadev Chakravarti (1986).
2587:The Art Institute of Chicago
2521:T. A. Gopinatha Rao (1997).
2251:T. A. Gopinatha Rao (1997).
1579:Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram
1537:Nataraja at Thanjavur Palace
1317:
1202:
1087:(also written Nateshwar) or
1026:
993:Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram
7:
5386:Hindi cinema song and dance
3705:"Faces and Places (page 3)"
1451:
1444:
1430:
1195:
1182:
1169:
915:
899:
883:
805:
776:
10:
5560:
4026:Shiva Nataraja Iconography
3765:Light on Yoga: Yoga Dipika
3623:Anne-Marie Gaston (1982).
3596:Anne-Marie Gaston (1982).
3526:Anne-Marie Gaston (1982).
3379:Royal Astronomical Society
3371:Astronomy & Geophysics
3132:, Vol. 21, No. 2, page 215
3124:Gomathi Narayanan (1986),
3007:SAGARVA BHARATH FOUNDATION
2367:Frank Burch Brown (2014).
2341:Cambridge University Press
2282:Gomathi Narayanan (1986),
2163:Sagarva Bharath Foundation
1972:
1662:
1658:
1492:: Sattva, Rajas and Tamas.
1350:) and later, and include:
919:) in various Tamil texts.
18:
5480:
5434:
5404:
5378:
4970:
4939:
4894:
4843:
4834:
4793:
4725:
4687:
4632:
4559:
4521:
4483:
4445:
4436:
4406:Festivals and observances
4405:
4342:
4262:
4246:Shiva Sutras of Vasugupta
4214:
4203:
4096:
4085:
3889:The Book of Hindu Imagery
3886:Jansen, Eva Rudy (1993).
3853:British Museum Collection
2949:Stella Kramrisch (1981).
1399:(symbol of mortality), a
1303:
1187:
1174:
1161:
1145:
1133:
909:
893:
877:
799:
786:
766:
87:
75:
64:
54:
42:
35:
30:
4665:Meenakshi Sundareshwarar
4225:Shvetashvatara Upanishad
3936:C Sivaramamurti (1974).
3791:"BHARATANATYAM AND YOGA"
3677:Alessandra Iyer (1998).
2307:Harvard University Press
2029:8th-century Nataraja in
3820:James C. Harle (1994).
3493:James C. Harle (1994).
3423:Singh, Upinder (2008).
3391:10.1093/astrogeo/atz195
3383:Oxford University Press
2952:Manifestations of Shiva
2676:James C. Harle (1994).
2604:James C. Harle (1994).
2235:Encyclopædia Britannica
2136:In the Shiva temple of
2063:with Shiva Nataraja in
2033:(Cave 16), Ellora Caves
1577:, he testifies that at
1046:The word Nataraja is a
1042:, 10th or 11th century.
5519:Hindu dance traditions
4546:Tiruvanaikaval (Water)
4043:Nataraja Image Archive
3323:Roy C. Craven (1976).
2640:Archana Verma (2012).
2477:Saroj Panthey (1987).
2202:Archana Verma (2011).
2124:in Madurai, Tamil Nadu
2116:Shiva-Nataraja in the
2097:relief, 12th-century,
1949:classical Indian dance
1878:
1853:
1700:appeared first in the
1674:
1538:
1517:
1391:
1390:Detail of Chola bronze
1220:
1043:
859:featured in all major
5305:Poikkal Kuthiraiattam
4541:Tiruvannamalai (Fire)
4034:, Stephen Pyne (1994)
3913:. Marg Publications.
3210:Padma Kaimal (1999),
2850:, Ananda Coomaraswamy
1873:
1840:
1672:
1536:
1512:
1389:
1344:Tiruvatavurar Puranam
1218:
1075:The form is known as
1034:
809:), is a depiction of
4523:Pancha Bhuta Sthalam
3965:David Smith (2003).
3296:David Smith (2003).
3073:Alice Boner (1990).
2787:. Rupa. p. 56.
2333:David Smith (2003).
2302:Indian Art in Detail
2118:Thousand-Pillar-Hall
1645:University of London
1617:) and supreme Self (
1308:Apasmara or Muyalaka
1186:), Ambalavanan (ta:
1023:, and Central Asia.
971:written by the four
942:Apasmara or Muyalaka
276:Siddhanta Shikhamani
236:Scriptures and texts
4801:Perini Sivatandavam
4551:Kanchipuram (Earth)
4536:Tirukalahasti (Air)
4531:Chidambaram (Ether)
4232:Shivarahasya Purana
3942:. National Museum.
3452:, pp. 444–445.
3226:, pp. 432–450.
3103:Ananda Coomaraswamy
2867:. 27 September 2019
2760:Motilal Banarsidass
2552:T. A. Gopinatha Rao
2450:www.speakingtree.in
1876:and modern physics.
1681:(Maharashtra), the
1607:Kunchitangrim Bhaje
1515:Badami cave temples
1276:(elephant hand) or
1136:) which splits as “
1070:Ananda Coomaraswamy
722:Hinduism portal
4650:Kailash Mansarovar
4355:Pashupata Shaivism
4333:Hara Hara Mahadeva
3797:on 23 October 2006
2848:The Dance of Shiva
2808:Stromer, Richard.
2785:The dance of Shiva
2099:Prasat Sikhoraphum
1854:
1675:
1539:
1518:
1392:
1340:Tirukuttu Darshana
1221:
1146:சபையில் ஆடும் ஈசன்
1138:Sabayil adum eesan
1044:
847:Uttarakamika agama
493:Non - Saiddhantika
98:Uttarakamika agama
5539:Hindu iconography
5501:
5500:
5391:Hindi dance songs
4935:
4934:
4753:
4752:
4683:
4682:
3989:World Archaeology
3978:978-0-521-52865-8
3949:978-81-230-0092-3
3920:978-81-85026-64-0
3839:978-0-300-06217-5
3760:Iyengar, B. K. S.
3690:978-974-8434-12-4
3663:978-967-65-3071-4
3584:World Archaeology
3566:978-0-19-537852-8
3512:978-0-300-06217-5
3365:(December 2019).
3336:978-0-275-22950-4
3309:978-0-521-52865-8
3282:978-0-8239-3180-4
3249:978-0-8239-3179-8
3086:978-81-208-0705-1
2935:978-2-85539-666-8
2769:978-81-208-0053-3
2695:978-0-300-06217-5
2653:978-1-4094-3029-2
2623:978-0-300-06217-5
2567:978-81-208-0877-5
2534:978-81-208-0877-5
2490:978-81-7099-016-1
2380:978-0-19-517667-4
2350:978-0-521-52865-8
2316:978-0-674-02691-9
2264:978-81-208-0877-5
2215:978-1-4438-2832-1
1945:Nataraja pose in
1917:In dance and yoga
1806:(animal vehicle)
1768:Sembiyan Mahadevi
1641:planetary science
1216:
1193:
1180:
1167:
1066:King of the dance
1062:Lord of the dance
793:), also known as
756:
755:
103:
102:
37:Lord of the dance
5551:
5534:Indian sculpture
5452:Himachal Pradesh
5355:Thitambu Nritham
4841:
4840:
4780:
4773:
4766:
4757:
4756:
4743:
4733:
4732:
4443:
4442:
4387:Siddha Siddhanta
4350:Shaiva Siddhanta
4277:Om Namah Shivaya
4209:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4049:
4048:
4009:
3982:
3961:
3932:
3903:
3882:
3873:. Sunwise Turn.
3855:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3827:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3804:
3802:
3793:. Archived from
3786:
3780:
3779:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3739:fritjofcapra.net
3731:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3711:. Archived from
3701:
3695:
3694:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3593:
3587:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3500:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3420:
3411:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3359:
3353:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3270:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3233:
3227:
3221:
3215:
3208:
3202:
3201:Jansen, page 25.
3199:
3193:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3154:
3145:
3139:
3133:
3122:
3116:
3100:
3091:
3090:
3070:
3064:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3029:":: TVU ::"
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2982:
2971:
2970:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2896:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2872:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2821:
2814:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2749:
2740:
2739:
2709:
2700:
2699:
2683:
2673:
2658:
2657:
2637:
2628:
2627:
2611:
2601:
2590:
2581:
2572:
2571:
2548:
2539:
2538:
2518:
2495:
2494:
2474:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2364:
2355:
2354:
2343:. pp. 1–2.
2330:
2321:
2320:
2296:
2287:
2280:
2269:
2268:
2248:
2239:
2231:
2220:
2219:
2199:
2186:
2185:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2155:
2133:
2122:Meenakshi Temple
2113:
2091:
2076:
2057:
2042:
2026:
2014:
1999:
1983:
1966:yoga as exercise
1958:
1942:
1923:yoga as exercise
1886:lost-wax casting
1649:particle physics
1603:Shaiva Siddhanta
1581:had, by the pre-
1564:self-realization
1560:death to rebirth
1454:
1447:
1435:
1328:Shaiva Siddhanta
1305:
1217:
1198:
1192:romanized:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1179:romanized:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1166:romanized:
1165:
1163:
1147:
1135:
1113:meaning "lord".
953:Mahendravarman I
918:
912:
911:
902:
896:
895:
886:
880:
879:
808:
802:
801:
788:
779:
768:
748:
741:
734:
720:
719:
718:
499:Kashmir Shaivism
293:Three Components
128:
105:
104:
47:
28:
27:
5559:
5558:
5554:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5549:
5548:
5504:
5503:
5502:
5497:
5476:
5430:
5420:Abhinavabharati
5400:
5374:
5245:Mardana Jhumair
4966:
4931:
4890:
4830:
4789:
4784:
4754:
4749:
4721:
4679:
4675:Vadakkum Nathan
4628:
4555:
4517:
4479:
4470:Madhyamaheshwar
4432:
4418:Maha Shivaratri
4401:
4338:
4291:Mahāmrityunjaya
4258:
4210:
4201:
4158:Ardhanarishvara
4092:
4081:
4076:
4016:
3979:
3950:
3921:
3900:
3863:
3861:Further reading
3858:
3851:
3847:
3840:
3818:
3814:
3800:
3798:
3787:
3783:
3776:
3757:
3753:
3743:
3741:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3718:
3716:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3691:
3675:
3671:
3664:
3648:
3644:
3637:
3621:
3617:
3610:
3594:
3590:
3578:
3574:
3567:
3551:
3547:
3540:
3524:
3520:
3513:
3491:
3487:
3462:山本, 智教 (1971).
3460:
3456:
3450:Srinivasan 2004
3448:
3444:
3437:
3421:
3414:
3402:
3398:
3360:
3356:
3352:, pp. 447.
3350:Srinivasan 2004
3348:
3344:
3337:
3321:
3317:
3310:
3294:
3290:
3283:
3261:
3257:
3250:
3234:
3230:
3224:Srinivasan 2004
3222:
3218:
3209:
3205:
3200:
3196:
3187:
3183:
3170:
3166:
3155:
3148:
3140:
3136:
3123:
3119:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3071:
3067:
3051:
3047:
3037:
3035:
3033:www.tamilvu.org
3027:
3026:
3022:
3012:
3010:
3001:
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2795:
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2750:
2743:
2728:10.2307/3249451
2710:
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2602:
2593:
2589:, United States
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2249:
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2189:
2174:
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2165:. 20 July 2020.
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2134:
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2105:
2103:Surin, Thailand
2092:
2083:
2077:
2068:
2058:
2049:
2043:
2034:
2027:
2018:
2015:
2006:
2004:Elephanta Caves
2000:
1991:
1984:
1975:
1968:
1959:
1950:
1943:
1919:
1903:Nataraja temple
1683:Elephanta Caves
1667:
1661:
1639:, professor of
1569:In the hymn of
1531:
1449:(Sanskrit for "
1320:
1268:poses, holding
1207:
1205:
1173:), Sabesan(ta:
1154:Nataraja Temple
1068:. According to
1029:
1009:South East Asia
969:Bhakti movement
752:
716:
714:
709:
708:
679:
671:
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407:Maha Shivaratri
382:
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333:
289:
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237:
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145:(Supreme being)
143:
136:
96:
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50:
38:
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17:
12:
11:
5:
5557:
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5514:Forms of Shiva
5499:
5498:
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5490:
5484:
5482:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5474:
5469:
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5442:Andhra Pradesh
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4787:Dance in India
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4688:Related topics
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4645:Brihadeeswarar
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4397:Shaiva Smartas
4394:
4389:
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4382:Veera Shaivism
4379:
4377:Trika Shaivism
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4015:
4014:External links
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3775:978-1855381667
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3715:on 6 June 2018
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3009:. 20 July 2020
2994:
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2934:
2914:
2908:978-0520064775
2907:
2881:
2865:The Daily Star
2852:
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2794:978-8129120908
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2775:
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2437:
2425:www.gktoday.in
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2309:. p. 28.
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2081:British Museum
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2035:
2031:Kailasa temple
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1915:
1824:Andhra Pradesh
1733:Madhya Pradesh
1718:Manikkavacakar
1710:Pallava period
1660:
1657:
1625:, rather than
1571:Manikkavacakar
1530:
1529:Interpretation
1527:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1493:
1478:
1474:
1465:
1456:
1425:
1414:
1384:
1383:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1356:prabha mandala
1332:Unmai Vilakkam
1330:texts such as
1319:
1316:
1204:
1201:
1050:term, from नट
1028:
1025:
985:Manikkavacakar
754:
753:
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219:Forms of Shiva
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21:Nateshwar Deul
15:
9:
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4:
3:
2:
5556:
5545:
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5524:Tamil deities
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5485:
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5458:
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5453:
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5443:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5433:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5421:
5417:
5415:
5414:
5413:Natya Shastra
5410:
5409:
5407:
5403:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5377:
5371:
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5348:
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5328:
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5301:
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5291:
5288:
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5261:
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5251:
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5240:Malwai Giddha
5238:
5236:
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5231:
5228:
5226:
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5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
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5148:
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5143:
5141:
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5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
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5118:
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5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
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5101:
5098:
5096:
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5085:Dollu Kunitha
5083:
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5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
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5005:Bardwi Sikhla
5003:
5001:
4998:
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4993:
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4925:
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4908:
4905:
4903:
4902:Andhra Natyam
4900:
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4893:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
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4859:
4857:
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4852:
4851:Bharatanatyam
4849:
4848:
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4614:Trimbakeshwar
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4607:
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4589:Mahakaleshwar
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4485:Pancha Sabhai
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4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4452:
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4438:Shiva temples
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4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
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4408:
4404:
4398:
4395:
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4392:Shiva Advaita
4390:
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4380:
4378:
4375:
4371:
4368:
4366:
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4351:
4348:
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4341:
4335:
4334:
4330:
4328:
4327:
4326:Shiva Mahimna
4323:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4298:Shiva Tandava
4295:
4293:
4292:
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4286:
4285:
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4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
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4127:
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4122:
4119:
4117:
4116:Dakshinamurti
4114:
4112:
4109:
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4018:
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3990:
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3941:
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3934:
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3912:
3911:
3905:
3901:
3899:90-74597-07-6
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3636:9780195613544
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3539:9780195613544
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3514:
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2715:Artibus Asiae
2708:
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2041:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2020:
2013:
2008:
2005:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1982:
1977:
1976:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1947:Bharatanatyam
1941:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:Bharatanatyam
1928:
1924:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1898:Natya Shastra
1894:
1893:Bharatanatyam
1889:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1869:Fritjof Capra
1867:
1863:
1859:
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1769:
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1749:
1748:Chola bronzes
1745:
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1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
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1684:
1680:
1671:
1666:
1665:Pancha Sabhai
1656:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1635:According to
1633:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
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1595:
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1504:
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1499:
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1487:
1483:
1479:
1477:concealment.”
1475:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1457:
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1440:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1401:crescent moon
1398:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1353:
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1351:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1336:Mummani Kovai
1333:
1329:
1325:
1324:Koyil Puranam
1315:
1313:
1309:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1280:(stick hand)
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1265:Natya Shastra
1260:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1247:According to
1245:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1200:
1197:
1184:
1171:
1159:
1155:
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1143:
1139:
1131:
1127:
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1120:
1116:
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1111:
1106:
1102:
1098:
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1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1005:Chola bronzes
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
945:
943:
939:
938:
937:Natya Shastra
933:
929:
925:
920:
917:
906:
901:
890:
885:
874:
870:
866:
862:
861:Hindu temples
858:
857:
852:
848:
844:
843:Amshumadagama
840:
836:
835:
830:
829:
824:
820:
816:
813:, one of the
812:
807:
796:
792:
784:
780:
778:
772:
764:
760:
749:
744:
742:
737:
735:
730:
729:
727:
726:
723:
713:
712:
705:
704:Shiva Temples
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
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675:
674:
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664:
662:
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642:
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637:
634:
632:
629:
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619:
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612:
611:Abhinavagupta
609:
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603:
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586:
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342:
341:
338:other aspects
337:
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318:
314:
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310:
307:
305:
302:
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132:
131:
127:
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122:
119:
116:
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111:
107:
106:
99:
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94:Amshumadagama
92:
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86:
83:
80:
78:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
46:
41:
34:
29:
26:
22:
5544:Shiva in art
5418:
5411:
5379:Contemporary
5335:Singhi Chham
5175:Kachhi Ghodi
5070:Dandiya Raas
5010:Bedara Vesha
4946:
4940:Divine forms
4876:Mohiniyattam
4670:Tiruchengode
4574:Grishneshwar
4569:Bhimashankar
4561:Jyotirlingas
4413:Kanwar Yatra
4331:
4324:
4317:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4289:
4284:Rudrashtakam
4282:
4275:
4251:
4244:
4239:Shiva Purana
4237:
4230:
4223:
4130:
4087:
3988:
3967:
3938:
3909:
3888:
3869:
3848:
3823:
3815:
3806:
3799:. Retrieved
3795:the original
3784:
3763:
3754:
3742:. Retrieved
3738:
3729:
3717:. Retrieved
3713:the original
3709:CERN Courier
3708:
3699:
3679:
3672:
3652:
3645:
3625:
3618:
3598:
3591:
3583:
3575:
3555:
3548:
3528:
3521:
3496:
3488:
3471:
3467:
3457:
3445:
3425:
3404:
3399:
3374:
3370:
3363:Ian Crawford
3357:
3345:
3325:
3318:
3298:
3291:
3266:
3258:
3238:
3231:
3219:
3206:
3197:
3184:
3174:
3167:
3158:
3137:
3129:
3120:
3110:
3075:
3068:
3053:
3048:
3036:. Retrieved
3032:
3023:
3011:. Retrieved
3006:
2997:
2987:
2951:
2944:
2924:
2917:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2869:. Retrieved
2864:
2855:
2824:. Retrieved
2803:
2784:
2778:
2754:
2722:(1): 73–80.
2719:
2713:
2679:
2642:
2607:
2556:
2523:
2479:
2453:. Retrieved
2449:
2440:
2428:. Retrieved
2424:
2415:
2403:. Retrieved
2399:
2394:ValaiTamil.
2389:
2369:
2335:
2301:
2253:
2233:
2204:
2181:
2171:
2162:
2153:
2138:Melakadambur
1962:Natarajasana
1927:Natarajasana
1920:
1896:
1890:
1881:
1879:
1874:
1855:
1831:
1828:
1811:
1801:
1787:
1779:metaphysical
1776:
1741:
1726:
1722:Thiruvasagam
1695:
1687:Badami Caves
1679:Ellora Caves
1676:
1637:Ian Crawford
1634:
1629:
1622:
1611:Adi Shankara
1606:
1599:Satcitananda
1596:
1575:Thiruvasagam
1568:
1548:
1540:
1519:
1496:
1485:
1470:abhaya mudra
1469:
1459:
1445:ḍamaru-hasta
1442:
1428:
1418:Badami Caves
1410:Datura metel
1408:
1359:
1355:
1348:Chola empire
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1323:
1321:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1263:
1261:
1252:
1246:
1230:
1224:
1222:
1137:
1125:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1088:
1084:
1076:
1074:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1036:Chola bronze
965:Badami Caves
961:Ellora Caves
946:
935:
921:
904:
888:
872:
854:
846:
842:
834:Thiruvasagam
832:
826:
815:main deities
794:
790:
774:
758:
757:
544:
504:Pratyabhijna
492:
491:
481:Saiddhantika
480:
479:
474:Mantra marga
472:
447:
397:Panchakshara
354:Satkaryavada
271:Svetasvatara
144:
140:Parameshvara
138:
97:
93:
58:
25:
5481:Accessories
5350:Thirayattam
5340:Sword dance
5025:Bommalattam
5000:Bardo Chham
4990:Baagh Naach
4826:Veeranatyam
4816:Parai Attam
4717:Other names
4599:Omkareshwar
4584:Mallikarjun
4447:Panch Kedar
4319:Shri Rudram
4305:Sahasranama
2067:, Karnataka
2046:Ithyphallic
1988:Satrubhanja
1907:Chidambaram
1888:) process.
1882:cire-perdue
1851:Switzerland
1832:Nrittesvara
1812:Narteshvara
1708:during the
1706:Chidambaram
1544:Chidambaram
1405:entheogenic
1249:Alice Boner
1196:Ambalavāṇaṉ
1158:Chidambaram
1099:stems from
1093:North India
1089:Nṛityeśvara
916:Ambalavāṇaṉ
905:Ambalavanan
800:ஆடல்வல்லான்
699:Jyotirlinga
568:Lingayatism
564:Veerashaiva
487:Siddhantism
256:Shivasutras
65:Affiliation
55:Other names
5529:Indian art
5508:Categories
5467:Tamil Nadu
5405:Literature
5370:Yakshagana
5325:Raut Nacha
5315:Puliyattam
5295:Pavri Nach
5285:Paampattam
5255:Mayilattam
5185:Karakattam
5060:Corridinho
5050:Chheih Lam
4844:Recognised
4806:Margamkali
4700:Rasalingam
4624:Vishwanath
4619:Vaidyanath
4475:Kalpeshwar
4428:Shiva Puja
4343:Traditions
4141:Tatpurusha
3801:26 January
3744:30 January
3719:30 January
3062:0691040095
2901:–36, 138.
2871:8 November
2455:31 October
2430:31 October
2405:31 October
2400:ValaiTamil
2146:References
2065:Pattadakal
1964:in modern
1921:In modern
1911:Tamil Nadu
1772:Tamil Nadu
1744:Tamil Nadu
1685:, and the
1663:See also:
1278:dandahasta
1188:அம்பலவாணன்
1097:Narteśvara
1085:Narteśvara
1081:Tamil Nadu
1040:Tamil Nadu
1013:Angkor Wat
1001:Tamil Nadu
997:main deity
975:saints of
910:அம்பலவாணன்
806:Ādalvallāṉ
795:Adalvallan
621:Utpaladeva
588:Indonesian
573:Siddharism
364:Svatantrya
359:Abhasavada
344:36 Tattvas
288:Philosophy
172:Virabhadra
5365:Veeragase
5310:Puli Kali
5280:Oyilattam
5200:Khual Lam
5195:Keisabadi
5155:Hulivesha
5100:Duffmuttu
4995:Bagurumba
4957:Rasa lila
4866:Kuchipudi
4861:Kathakali
4836:Classical
4660:Lingaraja
4655:Katas Raj
4594:Nageshvar
4579:Kedarnath
4465:Rudranath
4455:Kedarnath
4253:Tirumurai
4180:Kartikeya
4136:Sadyojata
3762:(1979) .
3038:9 October
3013:9 October
1913:, India.
1901:, at the
1866:physicist
1754:, and in
1752:Ankor Wat
1623:Or Unarve
1619:Paramātmā
1441:) called
1422:Ankor Wat
1318:Symbolism
1312:Hindu art
1274:gajahasta
1255:mandala (
1203:Depiction
1027:Etymology
977:Sambandar
924:Tirumurai
869:Hindu art
791:Naṭarājar
656:Srikantha
636:Meykandar
616:Vasugupta
606:Lakulisha
578:Sroutaism
557:Inchegeri
460:Kalamukha
455:Pashupata
448:Ati marga
392:Rudraksha
381:Practices
261:Tirumurai
214:Kartikeya
5488:Ghungroo
5435:By state
5300:Phulpati
5290:Padayani
5210:Kolattam
5180:Kalbelia
5160:Jhijhiya
5150:Hojagiri
5140:Gombhira
5080:Dhunachi
5055:Chholiya
5040:Chang Lo
4947:Nataraja
4886:Sattriya
4871:Manipuri
4735:Category
4640:Amarnath
4513:Chitiram
4508:Thamiram
4493:Rathinam
4460:Tungnath
4423:Pradosha
4360:Kapalika
4185:Devasena
4146:Vamadeva
4131:Nataraja
4121:Harihara
4111:Bhairava
4079:Shaivism
4006:26503807
3929:56598256
3385:: 6.38.
3188:For the
3105:(1922),
2826:10 March
2817:Archived
2554:(1997).
2061:Sukanasa
1785:saints.
1760:Cambodia
1627:Sanskrit
1615:Jīvātman
1498:Apasmara
1482:Shaivism
1257:hexagram
1240:and the
1170:Kūththaṉ
1103:same as
1077:Nataraja
1048:Sanskrit
1021:Cambodia
1011:such as
989:Sundarar
973:Shaivite
963:and the
884:Kūththaṉ
873:Kuththan
865:Shaivism
851:Sanskrit
841:and the
819:Hinduism
777:Naṭarāja
763:Sanskrit
759:Nataraja
689:Tantrism
641:Nirartha
626:Nayanars
600:Scholars
514:Dakshina
465:Kapalika
266:Vachanas
162:Bhairava
157:Sadasiva
118:Shaivism
110:a series
108:Part of
31:Nataraja
5493:Silambu
5472:Tripura
5360:Tippani
5345:Tertali
5260:Mussoll
5225:Lahasua
5170:Jhumair
5135:Ghumura
5130:Ghoomar
5090:Domkach
5065:Dalkhai
5015:Bhangra
4952:Tandava
4922:Gotipua
4917:Gaudiya
4821:Theyyam
4794:Ancient
4712:Vibhuti
4609:Somnath
4312:Chalisa
4175:Ganesha
4168:Parvati
4098:Deities
4089:History
3958:1501803
3879:2155403
3409:Archive
2736:3249451
1973:Gallery
1816:Gujarat
1737:Kashmir
1702:Pallava
1698:tandava
1659:History
1653:entropy
1591:Brahman
1558:) from
1552:duality
1523:Pallava
1500:purusha
1304:உடுக்கை
1253:satkona
1242:Tandava
1233:Tandava
1231:Ananda
1183:Sabēsaṉ
1162:கூத்தன்
1126:Sabesan
1117:(IAST:
1110:Ishvara
1083:and as
1015:and in
959:at the
957:reliefs
903:), and
900:Sabēsaṉ
889:Sabesan
878:கூத்தன்
828:Tevaram
823:tandava
787:நடராஜர்
678:Related
666:Navnath
661:Appayya
651:Sharana
531:Kubjika
441:Schools
416:Niyamas
387:Vibhuti
251:Tantras
209:Ganesha
186:Parvati
135:Deities
77:Symbols
5462:Punjab
5457:Odisha
5426:Mudras
5396:Nautch
5320:Rasiya
5275:Oppana
5220:Lavani
5205:Kikkli
5165:Jhumar
5125:Giddha
5115:Garadi
5105:Dumhal
5045:Cheraw
4927:Mahari
4912:Deknni
4895:Others
4881:Odissi
4856:Kathak
4811:Koothu
4745:Portal
4707:Siddha
4695:Lingam
4633:Others
4365:Aghori
4268:Stotra
4264:Mantra
4153:Shakti
4126:Ishana
4004:
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2650:
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2238:(2015)
2212:
1862:Geneva
1847:Geneva
1820:Kerala
1803:vahana
1798:Bengal
1766:queen
1729:Ujjain
1716:saint
1691:Odisha
1452:ḍamaru
1432:ḍamaru
1407:plant
1380:Ganges
1375:dance.
1361:makara
1295:Udukai
1286:abhaya
1175:சபேசன்
1134:சபேசன்
1119:Naṭeśa
1115:Natesa
987:, and
932:bronze
894:சபேசன்
694:Bhakti
646:Basava
583:Aghori
545:Others
527:Yamala
429:Jangam
224:Others
179:Shakti
5447:Assam
5330:Saang
5265:Nacnī
5250:Matki
5235:Maach
5230:Lezim
5215:Kummi
5190:Karma
5145:Grida
5120:Garba
5110:Fugdi
5095:Domni
5075:Dhalo
5035:Chang
4985:Alkap
4962:Lasya
4907:Chhau
4503:Velli
4370:Kaula
4216:Texts
4197:Nandi
4190:Valli
4106:Shiva
4002:S2CID
3377:(6).
2957:43–45
2820:(PDF)
2813:(PDF)
2732:JSTOR
2095:Khmer
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1764:Chola
1714:Tamil
1605:text
1583:Chola
1490:Guṇas
1486:jnana
1439:mudra
1397:skull
1300:Tamil
1290:Sutra
1282:mudra
1238:Lasya
1226:Lasya
1142:Tamil
1130:Tamil
1101:Nṛtta
981:Appar
856:murti
839:Tamil
811:Shiva
783:Tamil
767:नटराज
684:Nandi
535:Netra
523:Trika
519:Kaula
425:Linga
412:Yamas
402:Bilva
326:Karma
321:Anava
309:Pasam
304:Pashu
247:Agama
242:Vedas
196:Durga
167:Rudra
150:Shiva
89:Texts
69:Shiva
5270:Nati
5020:Bihu
4976:list
4972:Folk
4163:Sati
3973:ISBN
3954:OCLC
3944:ISBN
3925:OCLC
3915:ISBN
3894:ISBN
3875:OCLC
3834:ISBN
3803:2019
3770:ISBN
3746:2017
3721:2017
3685:ISBN
3658:ISBN
3631:ISBN
3604:ISBN
3561:ISBN
3534:ISBN
3507:ISBN
3472:1971
3468:密教文化
3431:ISBN
3331:ISBN
3304:ISBN
3277:ISBN
3244:ISBN
3081:ISBN
3058:ISBN
3040:2022
3015:2022
2961:ISBN
2930:ISBN
2903:ISBN
2873:2020
2828:2016
2789:ISBN
2764:ISBN
2690:ISBN
2648:ISBN
2618:ISBN
2562:ISBN
2529:ISBN
2485:ISBN
2457:2022
2432:2022
2407:2022
2375:ISBN
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2311:ISBN
2259:ISBN
2210:ISBN
1858:CERN
1843:CERN
1822:and
1796:and
1756:Bali
1630:Chit
1556:Jiva
1461:Agni
1420:and
1369:Atma
1342:and
1270:Agni
1150:dais
1105:Nata
1057:Raja
1052:Nata
1017:Bali
928:maya
845:and
831:and
771:IAST
552:Nath
509:Vama
421:Guru
369:Aham
349:Yoga
331:Maya
299:Pati
201:Kali
191:Sati
82:Agni
4498:Pon
3994:doi
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