Charles XIV John - Knowledge

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complained to Napoleon for having, in violation of all military rules, ordered Dupas to act independently of his command, and for having thereby caused great loss of life to the Saxons, and tendered his resignation. Napoleon accepted after he had become aware of an order of the day issued by Bernadotte in which he gave the Saxons credit for their courage in terms inconsistent with the emperor's official bulletin. Accounts of Bernadotte's role at Wagram are contradictory. While it is true that IX Corps broke on 6 July, as did other French formations, they later rallied and played a part in the victory. Moreover, Bernadotte fought with exceptional personal courage, at the head of his troops, and narrowly avoided death when attacked by Austrian cavalry. It is likely that IX Corps' poor performance would have been forgotten, and Bernadotte would have retained his command, had he never published the controversial Order of the Day. His praise for the Saxons, as well as his mild and courteous treatment of them while under his command, was never forgotten by the Saxon officers and this would later have disastrous consequences for the French when a whole Saxon division defected to Bernadotte's Army of the North during a key moment of the

1227: 49: 986: 7144: 1203:, he left Bernadotte not far from Paris with an army. In his farewell note to Bernadotte on his way to Italy, Napoleon wrote: "I am going to fling myself once more into the hazards of war. We do not know how it may turn out. If I fall, you will find yourself with 40,000 men at the gates of Paris. In your hands will be the fate of the Republic." As Bernadotte was brother-in-law to Joseph and close friends with his other brothers and sisters, Napoleon is thought to have been considering the welfare of his family in the possible event of his death on the battlefield, as well as the future of the country, by leaving his erstwhile rival in a position to seize the reins of government as, of his former rivals, only Bernadotte had the political and military skill and popularity to maintain the Republic. 1698: 1139: 2595: 13259: 2008: 1984: 1825:

occur on the Crown Prince's birthday, and ordered Charles John's old rival Marshal Davout to execute the operation, as a personal insult, adding another dimension of personal enmity to the incident. As a result, the initially amicable relationship which Charles John had with Napoleon, following his election as Crown Prince, soon changed because of the invasion. The invasion was a clear violation of international law as well as an act of war and public opinion in Sweden was outraged. Moreover, it antagonized the pro-French faction at the Swedish court. Thereafter, the Crown Prince declared the neutrality of Sweden and opened negotiations with the UK and Russia.

1976: 394: 2055: 2584: 13194: 13126: 1571: 8730: 1401:, the city became the target of large-scale looting and rampage by the French soldiers. Bernadotte, struggling desperately to prevent his men from sacking the city, was given six horses from the Council of Lübeck as a token of their appreciation. He also treated with courtesy 1600 Swedish prisoners, under the command of Colonel Count Gustaf Mörner, and allowed them to return to their home country. The impressed Swedes went home with a tale of Bernadotte's fairness in maintaining order within the city. Count Mörner would later play a prominent role in the election of Bernadotte as Crown Prince of Sweden. 2572: 1722:“I have beheld war near at hand, and I know all its evils: for it is not conquest which can console a country for the blood of her children, spilt on a foreign land. I have seen the mighty Emperor of the French, so often crowned with the laurel of victory, surrounded by his invincible armies, sigh after the olive-branches of peace. Yes, Gentlemen, peace is the only glorious aim of a sage and enlightened government: it is not the extent of a state which constitutes its strength and independence; it is its laws, its commerce, its industry, and above all, its national spirit.” 1483:

the Spanish Crown. Joseph Bonaparte, Bernadotte's friend and brother-in-law, was chosen instead. It was not the first, or last time, that Napoleon thought of placing Bernadotte on a foreign throne. Indeed, Napoleon on several occasions, both during his days as First Consul and then as Emperor, thought of naming Bernadotte (Napoleon also considered Murat) as his successor by adoption. Despite their rivalry, Napoleon thought Bernadotte alone had the popularity, administrative and military skill to safeguard the Empire he had built. The birth of the

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and brigandage that many of his fellow marshals engaged in. As a consequence, his table fare was considered poor by his brother marshals and while others dined on fine service and employed chefs, he habitually used his own money to pay for food for his troops, and to give money awards to those who merited recognition. He held his troops to the same high standard; he punished looting and rape severely, and was known to intervene with his sword drawn against those engaged in pillaging, as was the case following the capture of Lübeck.

2138: 1424: 12658: 8875: 15116: 1631:(nephew of Count Gustav Mörner, the commander of the Swedish force captured by Bernadotte at Lübeck), who, entirely on his own initiative, offered the succession to the Swedish crown to Bernadotte. Bernadotte communicated Mörner's offer to Napoleon who at first treated the situation as an absurdity, but later came around to the idea and while adopting a public attitude of indifference, quietly lent support to Bernadotte's candidacy both financially and diplomatically. 2071: 1837:. The treaty stipulated that Sweden would land an army of no less than 25,000 on the continent for the express purpose of fighting France, as well as liberating Swedish Pomerania, and in exchange, Russia and the UK would diplomatically and militarily support the cession of Norway from the doggedly French-allied Denmark to Sweden. Throughout summer and fall 1812, Bernadotte sought to add more allies to the Coalition, and negotiated a treaty with the Spanish 1249:. In this capacity, as well as during his later command of the army of northern Germany, he created for himself a reputation for independence, incorruptibility, moderation, and administrative ability. Bernadotte's rule was popular, and despite the exactions taken from the populace as part of Napoleon's policy of making occupations pay for themselves, Hanover's economy prospered. Bernadotte extended his protection, and made private contributions to, 1498:. Further difficulties with Berthier, and a saddling with ill-prepared Saxons, combined with an illness, compelled Bernadotte to beg for release from service. Bernadotte wrote to Napoleon that "I see my efforts perpetually paralyzed by a hidden force over which I can not prevail." Napoleon disregarded these appeals and Bernadotte proceeded with the campaign, commanding mostly foreign troops with few French troops under his command. At the 5459: 13224: 1671:, anticipating conflict with Russia, were in favour of electing a soldier. Also, Bernadotte was personally popular, owing to the kindness he had shown to the Swedish prisoners in Lübeck and his reputation as the well-liked governor of the Hanseatic Cities from 1807 to 1809; as many Swedish merchants had operated under his auspices. Finally, Bernadotte had no qualms about converting to Lutheranism, recalling the conversion of 13169: 875: 918:. The family name was originally du Poey (or de Pouey), but was changed to Bernadotte – a surname of an ancestress at the beginning of the 17th century. He was the youngest of five siblings, two of whom died in childhood. Soon after his birth, Baptiste was added to his name, to distinguish him from his elder brother Jean Évangeliste. Bernadotte himself added Jules to his first names as a tribute to the 1471:. Pursuant to the projected invasion of Sweden, and by virtue of Denmark becoming an ally of France in 1808, Bernadotte found himself de facto head of a French occupation of Denmark. He maintained strict discipline of his troops and his good treatment of the Danes made him popular with the populace and Danish Royal Family. Upon his departure from Denmark he was one of few Frenchmen of the period to be awarded the 5596: 1416:, passed over to the offensive and attempted to destroy Bernadotte's and Ney's isolated Corps. Napoleon, having received word of the Russian offensive, gave word to Bernadotte to retreat West as to draw the Russians toward him so that Napoleon could then cut-off and surround the Russians. Bernadotte moved West as ordered, pursued by Bennigsen where he defeated the numerically superior Russian vanguard at 1007:, came to the fore. Of the latter, Bernadotte was gifted in his ability to inspire his men to prodigious feats of valor. He has been compared by historians to fellow Gascon, D'Artagnan. One of his biographers asserts that Dumas used Bernadotte as the model for his D'Artagnan. As Colonel and commander of the 71st Demi-Brigade, Bernadotte rallied his men, who were retreating in disorder before an 1381:(17 October 1806), though Imperial Headquarters did not much appreciate this victory. When visiting Halle after the battle, and commenting on the degree of difficulty of storming a fortified position accessible only by a single bridge, Napoleon enigmatically commented "Bernadotte stops at nothing. Someday the Gascon will get caught." Subsequently, Bernadotte pursued, conjointly with Soult and 2063:

the Kingdom was so increased that the inhabitants of Sweden alone became equal in number to those of Sweden and Finland before the latter province was torn from the former, the national debt was paid off, a civil and a penal code were proposed for promulgation, education was promoted, agriculture, commerce, and manufactures prospered, and the means of internal communication were increased.

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Prince was aware of its difficulty for reasons of the desperate situation of the state finance and the reluctance of the Finnish people to return to Sweden. Even if Finland was regained, he thought, it would put Sweden into a new cycle of conflicts with a powerful neighbor because there was no guarantee Russia would accept the loss as final. Therefore, he made up his mind to make a united

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rapidly brought the defenses of Antwerp to a high order of readiness. With Antwerp bristling with cannon and numerous defenders, and with the Army of Antwerp whipped into fighting shape, the British, vexed by poor leadership and with half the army immobilized with fever thanks to the insalubrious islands upon which they were quartered, realized that it was no longer possible to close the

2086:, more power than any legislature in Europe. While Charles John had the power of absolute veto in Sweden, he only had a suspensive veto in Norway. He demanded that the Storting give him the power of absolute veto, but was forced to back down. Charles John's difficult relationship with Norway was also demonstrated by the Storting's unwillingness to grant funds for the construction of a 2032:"Separated as we are from the rest of Europe, our policy, as well as our interest, will make us carefully abstain from mixing in any discussion foreign to the two people of Scandinavia; but my duty and your dignity will always be the rule of our conduct, and both one and the other prescribe to us never to permit interference in our internal affairs." 2162:"Nobody has had a career in life like mine. I could perhaps have been able to agree to become Napoleon’s ally: but when he attacked the country that had placed its fate in my hands, he could find in me no other than an opponent. The events that shook Europe and that gave her back her freedom are known. It is also known which part I played in that." 1963:, advocated placing Charles John on the French throne in place of Napoleon. He would rule France as a Constitutional Monarch and leave Oscar as Regent in Sweden and Norway. Ultimately the British and Austrians vetoed the idea, and the Allies agreed that if Napoleon were to be deposed, the only acceptable alternative was the restoration of the 1554:, or take Antwerp, and they withdrew their forces. In a proclamation issued to his troops at Antwerp he made an implied charge against Napoleon of having neglected to prepare the proper means of defense for the Belgian coast. A displeased Napoleon relieved Bernadotte of command of his ad hoc army, and ordered his return to Paris to leave for 1365:, was still in the midst of crossing the bridge well after nightfall, making it unlikely that Bernadotte could have intervened at Auerstädt in any event. He later was accused of deliberately refusing to support Davout, who had unexpectedly encountered the Prussian main army at Auerstädt, out of jealousy, and Napoleon, if reminiscences from 1768:, in part to the failure of several of Gustav IV Adolf's well intentioned economic reforms (Gustav IV Adolf was rather more successful in his agrarian reforms) and the costs of the more recent wars against France and Russia. Under Gustav IV Adolf genuine attempts at economic reform, including paying down the national debt by some 700,000 1776:

disastrous (and expensive) wars against France and Russia. The cost of years of war, several poor harvests in the years between 1798 and 1809, the ineptitude of his ministers in carrying out fiscal reforms, and the loss of the tax base of Finland had ballooned Sweden's national debt. The impending demands of Napoleon to adhere to the

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expansionism resulting in uninterrupted wars with neighboring countries for centuries, and he successfully kept his kingdoms in a state of peace from 1814 until his death. He was especially concerned about the conflict between the UK and Russia. In 1834, when the relationship between the two countries strained regarding the

1627:, a prerequisite for accepting the Swedish offer. Moreover, none of Napoleon's brothers were interested in going to Sweden and his nephews were too young, as the Swedes did not want the hazards of minority rule in the event King Charles died prematurely. The matter was decided by an obscure Swedish courtier, Baron 1000:, his eminent military qualities brought him speedy promotion. Bernadotte's promotions came both from the esteem of his commanders as well as from his men; having been elected to the rank of lieutenant colonel and colonel by his men, though he refused both nominations in favor of traditional advancement. 2661:

image and text for the skin of a king. This play was so popular that the idea that King Charles XIV John had a tattoo reading "Death to kings" is often repeated as fact, although there is no basis to it. For reasons of discretion, he publicly proclaimed himself in 1797 "a Republican both by principle

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On the other hand, radical in his youth, his views had veered steadily rightward over the years, and by the time he ascended the throne he was an ultra-conservative. His autocratic methods, particularly his censorship of the press, were very unpopular, especially after 1823. His dynasty faced little

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on 19 October. His fresh troops, reinforced by 30,000 Prussians, joined the fray against the already battered French lines where Swedish forces entered battle in numbers for the first time in the campaign. At a critical moment entire Saxon regiments went over to his army in response to a proclamation

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by the King. Several factors benefitted Bernadotte's election. Being foreign was, although problematic, also to his favour due to geopolitical factors and the internal situation at the time. One benefit was his (presumed) close ties to French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, with whom a relationship would

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occurred, an event that triggered the Peninsular War that would play so large a role in Napoleon's defeat. For a time Napoleon considered the notion of placing Bernadotte on the Spanish throne; going so far as to hint at it in a letter to him. Bernadotte made it known to Napoleon that he did not want

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may be believed, once intended to put Bernadotte before a court-martial. In fact, he did what he had been ordered to do, and more fundamental responsibility for his absence rests upon the ambiguous and indirect orders issued by Berthier and Napoleon's unawareness of the Prussian position. Documentary

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His domestic policy particularly focused on promotion of economy and investment in social overhead capital, and the long peace since 1814 led to an increased prosperity for the country. During his long reign of 26 years (34 years if one counts his time as regent from 1810 to 1818), the population of

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who looted his baggage, of having extorted a large quantity of silver plate from minor German states. This claim is unsubstantiated and contrary to his reputation. He was known throughout the army for his probity and honesty in the conduct of his affairs on campaign and he refrained from the looting

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Following the conclusion of the Leipzig Campaign and after liberating Bremen and Lubeck from the French in late November 1813, Charles John invaded Denmark, aiming to knock Napoleon's last major ally out of the war to secure the Coalition's northern flank in preparation for the invasion of France in

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was swiftly won by Sweden under Charles John's generalship. The military operations in 1814 were to be Sweden's last war to this day. Charles John could have named his terms to Norway, but in a key concession accepted the Constitution of Norway and its own political autonomy. This paved the way for

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Before freeing Bernadotte from his allegiance to France, Napoleon asked him to agree never to take up arms against France. Bernadotte refused to make any such agreement, upon the ground that his obligations to Sweden would not allow it; Napoleon exclaimed "Go, and let our destinies be accomplished"

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was attached and which formed his reserve. Resting on the French Left, Bernadotte's corps was battered during the night but resisted the full fury of the Austrian attack facing superior numbers. At a critical moment he ordered Dupas forward to his support; the latter replied that he had orders from

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The political situation internally and externally for Sweden meant that selecting a foreign king was an attractive option. Sweden wanted to strengthen its relationship with Napoleon for militaristic reasons and so sought to select a king who would be able to attract Napoleon's support. The Swedish

1444:(7 to 8 February 1807). Napoleon rebuked him for his absence but it became acknowledged that it was not due to Bernadotte, but Berthier's carelessness in dispatching the orderly. The Russians resumed the offensive that summer and Bernadotte was attacked by, and defeated, a strong Prussian Corps at 1824:

and Swedish Pomerania was closing an entrepôt for illegal British goods. Napoleon, before marching to Moscow, also had to secure his rear and dared not allow a Swedish continental foothold behind him as he did not trust Charles John. Charles John believed that Napoleon scheduled the occupation to

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Such measures were undermined by his other policies. Gustav IV Adolf's personal dislike of the Riksdag, which had the power to raise taxes, led to his refusal to call them into session after 1800, crippling his attempts to raise state revenues. Gustav IV Adolf's foreign policy plunged Sweden into

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Der Elephanten-Orden und seine Ritter: eine historische Abhandlung über die ersten Spuren dieses Ordens und dessen fernere Entwicklung bis zu seiner gegenwärtigen Gestalt, und nächstdem ein Material zur Personalhistorie, nach den Quellen des Königlichen Geheimen-Staatsarchivs und des Königlichen

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The keynote of his foreign and domestic policy was maintenance of Swedish independence of action, often in the face of French demands, and the acquisition of Norway as a compensation for the loss of Finland. Many Swedes expected him to reconquer Finland, which had been ceded to Russia. The Crown

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forecasted even greater difficulties. Charles John immediately began making reforms, and used his sizable fortune, accrued honestly during his time as French Marshal, to pay off much of the debt, and to stabilize the economy by both grants and via a loan to the state of £300,000 sterling at five

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under divided command. He re-organized and trained his forces, named by the Emperor as the Army of Antwerp, by instilling discipline in old soldiers too long at the depots and teaching raw conscripts their trade. Everywhere he instilled a fighting spirit, making an army out of a mob, and thus he

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Soon after Charles John's arrival in Sweden, Napoleon compelled him to accede to the Continental System and declare war against Great Britain; otherwise, Sweden would have to face the determination of France, Denmark and Russia. This demand would mean a hard blow to the national economy and the

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as Bernadotte attempted to rally his men, where he encountered Napoleon. IX Corps rallied and played a further role in the battle. Rumors that Napoleon relieved Bernadotte of command on the spot at Raasdorf have long been the stuff of legend, but are not verified. After the battle, Bernadotte

1737:"My dear Suremain, I have gambled heavily, and I believe that after all I have won." He also made himself well liked by Queen Charlotte, who regarded him a "gentleman in every sense of the word", and established a net of contact within the Swedish aristocracy, befriending in particular the 2042:

The foreign policy applied by Charles John in the post-Napoleonic era was characterized by the maintenance of balance between the Great Powers and non-involvement into conflicts that took place outside of the Scandinavian peninsula. It made a sharp contrast with Sweden's previous hegemonic

1214:. In accepting the position, Bernadotte requested additional soldiers, settlers, and funding to support the colony, but Napoleon refused. In response, Bernadotte, declined the posting and instead was named plenipotentiary ambassador to the United States. His posting was cancelled after the 1011:

attack, by tearing off his epaulettes, throwing them to the ground before his men and shouting “If you dishonor yourselves by flight, I refuse to remain your colonel!” Soldiers left the ranks, gathered his epaulettes, pressed them into his hands, formed ranks and reformed the line and

1801:) from Denmark and uniting her to Sweden. He tried to divert public opinion from Finland to Norway, by arguing that to create a compact peninsula, with sea for its natural boundary, was to inaugurate an era of peace, and that waging war with Russia would lead to ruinous consequences. 1732:

The new Crown Prince was very soon the most popular and most powerful man in Sweden and quickly impressed his adoptive father. Following his first meeting with his new heir, Charles XIII (who had initially opposed Bernadotte's candidacy) remarked to his aide-de-camp count

1104:, Napoleon ordered his generals to collect from their respective divisions' addresses in favor of the coup d'état of that day; but Bernadotte sent an address to the Directory different from that which Napoleon wished for and without conveying it through Napoleon's hands. 1708:

On 2 November 1810 Bernadotte made his solemn entry into Stockholm, and on 5 November he received the homage of the Riksdag of the Estates, and he was adopted by King Charles XIII under the name of "Charles John" (Karl Johan). At the same time, he converted from

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In 1812, he allied Sweden with its traditional enemy Russia, and sought to make peace with the United Kingdom with whom Sweden was technically at war. Charles John's personal diplomacy served as the bridge between Russia and the UK as on 18 July 1812 the

1463:, where he once again proved his administrative and diplomatic abilities and was well-liked. He was to direct the expedition against Sweden, via the Danish islands, but the plan came to naught because of the want of transports and the defection of the 1119:, one of five directors, was cautious that Napoleon would overturn the Republic, so he appointed Bernadotte commander-in-chief of the Army of Italy in order to offset Napoleon's power. Bernadotte was pleased with this appointment but Napoleon lobbied 1030:

Bernadotte played key roles throughout the next 18 months during the three French invasions into Germany; often employed in the place of honor during offensives leading the vanguard, and in retreat as a defensive specialist commanding the rearguard.

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Due to the capture of a courier carrying the Emperor's latest orders, Bernadotte was not informed of a change of strategy to move East toward the rest of the French Army. As a consequence, Bernadotte's I Corps was too far away to take part in the

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On 26 January 1844, his 81st birthday, Charles John was found unconscious in his chambers having suffered a stroke. While he regained consciousness, he never fully recovered and died on the afternoon of 8 March. On his deathbed, he was heard to

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at Jena, sent orders to Davout, through Marshal Berthier, Davout relayed the order to Bernadotte at 0400 on 14 October with the order stating: "If the Prince of Ponte Corvo is with you, you may both march together, but the Emperor hopes that

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and signed the act of emancipation unconditionally. Many were also optimistic that Sweden would recover Finland under Charles John. The Swedish crown prince even unsuccessfully sought Napoleon's support to assist Sweden in conquering Norway.

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percent interest. Charles John also purchased back from the French private estates that had been confiscated during the occupation of Swedish Pomerania from 1808 to 1810 and returned them to their original Swedish and German owners.

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evidence supports Bernadotte's assertion that he was ordered to Dornberg as no orders from Napoleon to Bernadotte to march with Davout were ever found in French Imperial Archives while Berthier's order of 14 October were confirmed.

1342:." This was in accordance with Bernadotte's last set of written orders from 12 October which ordered him and Davout to get across the Prussian line of retreat. In pursuance of these orders, Bernadotte, separately from Davout, left 2098:, construct a simpler palace. This was seen by many as a protest against unnecessary spending and the king's authority. The palace itself was not completed until 1849, long after the death of Charles John, and was inaugurated by 1618:

that Eugène was "gentle and good," "but he does not seem to be a man of strong character; and, although he had had great opportunities, he does not appear to have developed any distinguishing talents." Also, Eugène, serving as

823:, the war-winning Allied campaign plan, and commanded the Allied Army of the North that defeated two concerted French attempts to capture Berlin and made the decisive attack on the last day of the catastrophic French defeat at 1511:

against Napoleon's orders. On the second day of battle, 6 July 1809, IX Corps, having been mauled the night before, wherein Bernadotte struggled to rally his demoralized Saxons, was attacked by two Austrian corps, as part of

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in February 1800. In April 1800, despite his republican sympathies, Bernadotte was offered, and freely accepted, from April 1800 to 18 August 1801, the post of Commander-in-Chief of the Army of the West in the rebellious

1760:, entirely in his hands. Amongst the first of Charles John's acts as Crown Prince was to address the dire state of the Swedish economy. The Swedish economy was in shambles after years of mismanagement since the reign of 1853:

with Russia, and then a separate peace treaty with Sweden, on the basis of Prussian recognition of the Norwegian cession to Sweden, in exchange for Swedish Pomerania, thus formally joining the Coalition in spring 1813.

1896:. Bernadotte's Army of the North would continue to guard Berlin and keep watch on Davout's forces in Hamburg while the Allies, in accordance with the plan conceived at Trachenberg, maneuvered toward Napoleon's army at 2026:

Upon Charles's death on 5 February 1818, Charles John ascended the throne. He was initially popular in both countries. The democratic process and forces steadily matured under the King's restrained executive power.

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effort to break the French line. This time Bernadotte's depleted forces – he had only 6,000 infantry left – broke and fled (Bernadotte's Corps was not the only one to break that day,

14477: 14996: 14346: 1158:'s sister-in-law. In November of the same year he was made commander of the army of observation on the upper Rhine. Although solicited to do so by Barras and Joseph Bonaparte, he did not take part in 1603: 4672: 11660: 13323: 5390: 1809:

against the UK, which was treated by both countries as merely nominal, although Swedish imports of British goods decreased from £4,871 million in 1810 to £523 million in the following year.

14653: 1452:, where he was nearly killed when a spent ball struck him in the neck. Due to this near fatal wound, Bernadotte was invalided to the rear and missed the remainder of the Polish Campaign. 1038:(1796), where the Austrians outnumbered the French three to one, Bernadotte's rear-guard successfully repulsed numerous attacks while inflicting heavy losses on the enemy, preventing the 1845:

to break off relations with Sweden, Charles John corresponded with the King of Prussia, encouraging him to renounce the forced alliance with France and join the Coalition. Following the

15197: 1590:. The problem of Charles's successor had been acute almost from the time he had ascended the throne a year earlier. He was 61 years old and in poor health. He was also childless; Queen 1199:

where he successfully restored its tranquility. This was seen as an appointment of trust as while Napoleon embarked on his summer Italian Campaign, where he ultimately prevailed at the

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head of state upon his arrival, and took an increasing role in government from 1812 onward, with Charles XIII reduced to a mute witness in government councils following a stroke.

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had given birth to two children who had died in infancy, and there was no prospect of her bearing another child. Soon after his coronation, the king had adopted a Danish prince,

6403: 1311:, and contributed to defeating the attempt of the right wing of the allies to outflank the French army. As a reward for his services at Austerlitz, he became the 1st Sovereign 15262: 15292: 14648: 8706: 1358:, he could not engage in the Battle of Jena, though he effectively compelled the Prussians to retreat from both battlefields by posting his troops on the heights of Apolda. 1190:, Napoleon was resolved to win over the "Obstacle Man" and showered him with honors. Napoleon acknowledged Bernadotte's administrative ability and influence by naming him a 2625:("The Bedfellow") depicts Bernadotte as King of Sweden; an old grenadier claims that, as a young man, Bernadotte received a tattoo of a scandalous republican motto: either 1350:, which he reached by 16:00. Hampered by the very poor state of the roads, and a steep defile within which Dornburg is situated and the narrow bridge which passes over the 15222: 14982: 15060: 15192: 866:

Upon the death of Charles XIII in 1818, Charles John ascended to the thrones. He presided over a period of peace and prosperity, and reigned until his death in 1844.

15207: 15040: 14008: 7143: 4754: 15297: 14902: 4845: 1027:(26 June 1794), where he distinguished himself with a decisive attack and seizure of key terrain that led to the Austrian retreat, he became a divisional general. 15232: 15045: 14802: 4536: 2129:, which was celebrated with great enthusiasm on 18 February 1843. He reigned as King of Sweden and Norway from 5 February 1818 until his death on 8 March 1844. 1226: 15257: 14694: 12889: 11231: 6196: 1951:

During the period of the Allied invasion of France in the winter and spring of 1814, when it was unclear who would rule France after the war, the Russian Tsar

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court initially sounded out the emperor for his preferences on candidates for crown prince, whereupon Napoleon made it clear he preferred his adopted stepson

15095: 1642:, at once placed him under arrest on his return to Sweden, the candidature of Bernadotte gradually gained favour and on 21 August 1810 he was elected by the 14663: 13263: 4782: 1663:

provide military backing as the intention at the time was to reacquire Finland. The current King, Charles XIII, viewed Napoleon in a more positive way than

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put an end to Napoleon's need for an heir. Ironically, Bernadotte eventually wore a crown, not through the auspices of Napoleon, but as an enemy of France.

15267: 14053: 9229: 2229: 15272: 15152: 14668: 14285: 11375: 2542: 1614:, or one of his nephews or brothers. The Swedish envoys did not accept Eugène as a candidate. Baron Lagerbielke, the Swedish envoy in Paris, reported to 1131:

instead. Bernadotte was very dissatisfied; he finally accepted the post in Vienna, but had to quit owing to the disturbances caused by his hoisting the

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attached to his command; some 65,000 men or 1/4th of the Army. Bernadotte was also tasked with assuring France's newest ally, the Elector of Bavaria,

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the emperor to remain where he was. Having been badly mauled, and fully exposed ahead of the main French line, IX Corps withdrew from the village of

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released a week prior in which Bernadotte invited the Saxons to join their old commander in defeating Napoleon. The Army of the North committed the

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formally ended the wars between Britain and Sweden and Britain and Russia and formed an alliance between Russia, Britain, and Sweden; creating the

1124: 966: 14427: 1865:(21 May 1813), it was the Swedish Crown Prince who put fresh fighting spirit into the Allies; and at the conference of Trachenberg he drew up the 1764:

and aggravated during the reign of his son Gustav IV Adolf. The economic turmoil had been caused, in part, by the debts accrued from Gustav III's

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After the Battle of Jena, Bernadotte crushed the Prussian Reserve Army, all fresh troops fortified behind a marsh and the River Saale, under Duke

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Barton, H. A. (1974). "Late Gustavian Autocracy in Sweden: Gustav IV Adolf and his Opponents, 1792–1809." Scandinavian Studies, 46(3), 265–284.

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on 12 October, taking some 3000 prisoners and 19 guns and installing Maximillian Joseph back onto his throne. I Corps then co-operated in the

1115:, but immediately after deprived him of half his division of the army of the Rhine, and commanded him to march the other half back to France. 15277: 15090: 15085: 5780: 5428:

Titeux, Eugene (1903). "Le Maréchal Bernadotte et la manoeuvre d'Jena (d'après les archives de la Guerre et les papiers du general Dupont)".

1253:, befriending many of the professors and other men of learning whom he often had over for dinner and employed to tutor himself and his wife. 1162:. From 2 July to 14 September he was Minister of War, in which capacity he displayed great ability. His popularity and contacts with radical 525: 13410: 4702: 4470: 15287: 15252: 15202: 13206: 10781: 8692: 7810: 7185: 7016: 4649: 4627: 3812: 14422: 13602: 13544: 13333: 11419: 6889: 6255: 1558:

and take command of the Army there. Refusing to comply with the order, he was summoned to Vienna, and after an interview with Napoleon at

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Hårdstedt, Martin (2016). "Decline and Consolidation: Sweden, the Napoleonic Wars and Geopolitical Restructuring in Northern Europe".

1756:

The infirmity of the old King and the dissensions in the Privy Council of Sweden placed the government, and especially the control of

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During the campaign of 1805, Bernadotte, with his army corps from Hanover formed into the I Corps, commanded the Left Wing of the

929:

At the age of 14, he was apprenticed to a local attorney. Aged 17, his father's death dissuaded him from following in his career.

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The bronze equestrian statue of the King at the Royal Palace, Oslo, unveiled in 1875, is the largest bronze statue in Norway.

601: 14048: 13592: 13100: 11652: 14576: 13509: 12926: 12819: 11743: 10616: 5718: 5543:, 1930; condensed one-volume biography based on Barton's detailed 3 vol biography 1914–1925, which contained many documents 441: 14591: 12799: 8784: 5750: 199: 15242: 15157: 14023: 13978: 13151: 12303: 12064: 11319: 10706: 9148: 7025: 6299: 2698: 773: 13524: 13478: 10344: 6868: 6167: 4837: 4746: 14704: 14341: 14331: 13095: 12401: 12051: 10987: 9588: 9006: 7133: 6393: 5948: 5181: 4972: 4947: 4920: 4893: 3850: 3218: 1820:. Officially, the French claimed that Sweden had repeatedly violated the Continental System and that the occupation of 1806: 1697: 13720: 12931: 12906: 8849: 8839: 8477: 6532: 1138: 14540: 13715: 13056: 13017: 12563: 12194: 11224: 11175: 10906: 10901: 10886: 10869: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10726: 10701: 10329: 9158: 8372: 6565: 6331: 5773: 5418: 5353: 5270: 5209: 5070: 1765: 1513: 844: 809: 12764: 1003:

It was during this period of rapid advancement that the military qualities he became known for, daring assaults and

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1814 and to secure Norway for Sweden, as stipulated in the several treaties that created the Sixth Coalition. After

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and this started a long-lasting feud between Bernadotte and Berthier, who would become Napoleon's chief of staff.

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aroused antipathy of him in the government. On the morning of 13 September he found his resignation announced in

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head of state for most of his time as Crown Prince. In 1812, following the sudden unprovoked French invasion of

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against his own brother-in-law who was currently the French-backed King of Spain. Although Napoleon had forced

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and conviction" who would “to the moment of my death, oppose all Royalists and enemies to the Directory".

1789:, which was easier to defend, by taking Norway (intentionally without the ancient and remote provinces of 15075: 14846: 14643: 14622: 14361: 14140: 13765: 13660: 13539: 13519: 13430: 13359: 13181: 12679: 12446: 12139: 11992: 11480: 10117: 9819: 9553: 9507: 9502: 9275: 9219: 8934: 7796: 7171: 7002: 6321: 2834: 2424: 2265: 2222: 1983: 1355: 17: 13963: 13815: 12829: 12724: 11962: 9431: 8794: 2067:

danger, as the Swedes and the Norwegians alike were proud of a monarch with a good European reputation.

1537:(July 1809) caused the French ministry in the absence of the emperor to entrust him with the defense of 1393:, where his troops stormed the Prussian defenses, taking the city and forcing Blücher's capitulation at 15247: 15187: 15182: 15177: 14612: 14275: 13830: 12809: 12033: 11982: 11914: 11814: 11598: 11507: 11294: 11133: 11063: 10874: 10756: 10490: 9895: 9779: 9482: 9214: 9036: 8962: 8948: 8927: 8663: 8657: 8463: 7194: 5679: 5616: 2735: 2505: 1913:

on the already depleted French and Bernadotte was the first of the Allied sovereigns to enter Leipzig.

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Hedvig Elisabet Charlotta, Hedvig Elisabeth Charlottas dagbok. 9, 1812–1817, Norstedt, Stockholm, 1942

2612: 1900:. With the other Allied armies engaged in battle on 17 October, Bernadotte's army finally crossed the 1876:

Charles John, as the Commander-in-Chief of the Northern Army, successfully defended the approaches to

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for the benefit of France with whom he felt a kinship as both hailed from Pau, nor converting his son

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During the battle Bernadotte's personal wagon was captured by the Russians and he was accused, by the

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Dictionnaire biographique des généraux et amiraux français de la Révolution et de l'Empire: 1792–1814

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After the Battle of Leipzig he went his own way, determined at all hazards to cripple Denmark and to

545: 14740: 14452: 14185: 13730: 13562: 13338: 12719: 10213: 9844: 9824: 9634: 9320: 9056: 7314: 1322:, Bernadotte was reproached by Napoleon for not participating with his army corps in the battles of 1173: 509: 14462: 13998: 13845: 13800: 13130: 13125: 12869: 12699: 12689: 12502: 12486: 12364: 12279: 12126: 12110: 12013: 11787: 11351: 10952: 10736: 10576: 10394: 10193: 10137: 10132: 10067: 9996: 9864: 9764: 9603: 9543: 9391: 8892: 8749: 8096: 7819: 7777: 7771: 7629: 7611: 7586: 7571: 7351: 6491: 5675: 4086:

Kent, Neil (2010). A Concise History of Sweden, pp. 149–150. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

2374: 1928: 1862: 1742: 1074: 1024: 970: 848: 726: 15050: 14780: 14417: 13425: 10651: 10324: 9659: 2082:

He also faced challenges in Norway. The Norwegian constitution gave the Norwegian parliament, the

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in the first years of his active reign, and revitalizing the currency, met with limited success.

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Thereafter he marched to Poland in command of the French Left Wing, composed of his I Corps and

1206:

In 1802, Napoleon Bonaparte proposed that Bernadotte head to New France to serve as governor of

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Olivier, Jean-Marc (2006). "Bernadotte revisité ou la complexité d'un long règne (1810–1844)".

2434: 2384: 2218: 1932: 1920:, defeating the Danes in a relatively quick campaign. His efforts culminated in the favourable 1786: 1667:

had, who had held him in very ill regard. Another point in favour was that a large part of the

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The social construction of Swedish neutrality: Challenges to Swedish Identity and Sovereignty

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A Queen's Fortune: A Novel of Désirée, Napoleon, and the Dynasty that outlasted the Empire,

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A Queen's Fortune: A Novel of Desiree, Napoleon, and the Dynasty that outlasted the Empire

3932:"Napoleonic Marshals : Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte : Napoleonic Wars : France" 3204:"Bernadotte, Bonaparte, and Louisiana: the last dream of a French Empire in North America" 2665:

Désirée Clary's relationships with Bonaparte and Bernadotte were the subject of the novel

1870: 1559: 1521:'s troops were also routed by the attack). The routed Saxons retreated in disorder toward 8: 14923: 14763: 14566: 14195: 14125: 13973: 13903: 13760: 13740: 13705: 13680: 13612: 13313: 12839: 12223: 12102: 11860: 11772: 11547: 11539: 11515: 11274: 11027: 10806: 10801: 10530: 10480: 10364: 10349: 10253: 10147: 10047: 9961: 9849: 9809: 9729: 9699: 9679: 9613: 9578: 9528: 9492: 9487: 9447: 9310: 9295: 9280: 9265: 9224: 9001: 8719: 8591: 8125: 8038: 7916: 7901: 7845: 7361: 7356: 7331: 6540: 5789: 5639: 5113: 5010: 4987: 3203: 2678: 2476: 2449: 2358: 2252: 2167: 2001: 1893: 1734: 1417: 1330:(14 October 1806). Napoleon, on the night of 13 October, thinking he had faced the whole 1238: 1184: 1154:

in August 1798, the daughter of a Marseilles merchant, and once engaged to Napoleon, and

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Scripts of Kingship: Essays on Bernadotte and Dynastic Formation in an Age of Revolution

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Speech of the King on the day of taking the oaths of allegiance and homage, 19 May 1818.

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Script of Kingship: Essays on Bernadotte and Dynastic Formation in an Age of Revolution

5005: 2367: 2354: 2298: 2288: 2206: 2150: 2087: 2075: 2048: 1777: 1672: 1546: 1534: 1518: 1503: 1304: 1261: 1215: 1151: 1058: 762: 750: 721:, he exhibited great military talent, rapidly rising through the ranks, and was made a 683: 675: 576: 283: 14003: 13820: 13582: 13455: 13012: 12966: 11303: 9859: 9789: 9754: 9744: 8684: 8081: 7850: 3931: 2711:

that tells the life story of his wife (and Queen of Sweden and Norway) Désirée Clary.

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The defile was such an obstacle that Bernadotte's 3rd Infantry division, commanded by

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Wenker-Wildberg, Friedrich (1936). Bernadotte: A Biography, p. 272. Jarrolds, London.

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before he was aware that he had tendered it. This was a trick; played upon him by

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Kurtz, Harold. "Sergeant, Marshal and King: Jean Baptiste Bernadotte, 1763–1844"

4871:. Alabaster, Pasemore & Sons, Limited. 19 July 2018 – via Google Books. 4825: 4814: 4730: 4706: 4679: 4656: 4634: 3900: 2730: 2487: 1881: 1834: 1750: 1664: 1456: 1441: 1423: 1378: 801: 695: 550: 382: 13870: 11093: 6994: 5143:

The Triumph of Neutrality : Bernadotte and European Geopolitics (1810–1844)

4698:(1851), "Von Seiner Majestät dem Könige Friedrich Wilhelm III. ernannte Ritter" 2697:

Bernadotte is a primary supporting character in the historical fiction novel by

1639: 1502:(5 July 1809), he entered battle with his Saxon corps, to which the division of 1257: 1073:, Bernadotte was to arrest him for insubordination. Dupuy was a close friend of 14295: 14237: 14043: 13865: 13645: 13365: 13228: 13223: 13173: 13168: 12988: 12176: 11410: 11105: 11017: 11007: 10540: 10379: 10243: 10042: 9794: 9138: 9118: 9108: 9068: 8941: 8341: 8310: 8270: 7930: 7920: 7308: 5160: 2705: 2691: 2199: 2126: 2114: 1921: 1917: 1757: 1702: 1655: 1468: 1323: 1132: 958: 840: 812: 671: 667: 65: 9153: 5615: 2239:, a French military building located in Pau, was also named after him in 1875. 15131: 15080: 14407: 14309: 14280: 14150: 13968: 13745: 13587: 13483: 13375: 12936: 12879: 10581: 9285: 9143: 9073: 8824: 8418: 8337: 8306: 8266: 8237: 8220: 8043: 8033: 8024: 7977: 7896: 7860: 7517: 7238: 6528: 5492: 5478: 5465: 2683: 2318: 1798: 1382: 1331: 1292: 1265: 789: 642:

Ambassador to the Court of Vienna and the Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary

586: 466: 13775: 8060: 5573:. "Bernadotte Revisited, or the Complexity of a Long Reign (1810–1844)", in 5487:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 931–932. 1869:, the general plan for the campaign which began after the expiration of the 1575: 1409: 1084:

and was appointed the commander of the 4th division. During the invasion of

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Liste der Ritter des Königlich Preußischen Hohen Ordens vom Schwarzen Adler

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by 1794. He served with distinction in Italy and Germany, and was briefly

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Napoleon's Atlantic: The Impact of Napoleonic Empire in the Atlantic World

1315:(5 June 1806), a district in southern Italy formerly subject to the Pope. 941:

on 3 September 1780, and first served in the newly conquered territory of

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History of Europe from the Commencement of the French Revolution Volume V

1849:, which broke the Prussian/French Alliance, Frederick Wilhelm signed the 1624: 1494:, he received the command of the 9th Corps, which was mainly composed of 1484: 1467:, which went back to Spain to fight against Napoleon at the start of the 1354:, that could pass but one artillery piece at a time according to General 1308: 1177: 1116: 1093: 754: 14268: 2070: 946: 843:

on 15 January 1814 that ceded Norway to Sweden, that in turn led to the

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together in alliance. He then played a major role in the writing of the

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Koht, Halvdan. "Bernadotte and Swedish-American Relations, 1810–1814,"

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His popularity decreased for a time in the 1830s, culminating in the

1821: 1790: 1615: 1555: 1303:(2 December 1805) he was posted with his corps in the center between 954: 911: 253: 11125: 2344:

of all Swedish orders of chivalry upon his accession to the throne.

1647: 1398: 1196: 800:, Crown Prince Charles John was instrumental in the creation of the 15035: 14810: 14256: 14251: 14190: 14069: 13943: 12709: 10571: 8626: 8621: 7745: 7702: 7452: 7103: 7096: 6827: 6801: 6137: 6038: 6020: 5907: 2083: 1606:

initially had the most support to become the Swedish Crown Prince.

1582:

In 1810, Bernadotte was about to enter his new post as governor of

1522: 1508: 1432: 1346:

at dawn on the morning of the 14th for Dornburg and marched toward

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Bernadotte as a Marshal of the Empire; copy of an 1804 portrait by

1210:, which was to be transferred back to French control following the 1163: 1111:, Napoleon gave Bernadotte a friendly visit at his headquarters at 961:. He reached the rank of sergeant in August 1785 and was nicknamed 950: 910:, 20 February 1754) Jeanne de Saint-Jean (1728–1809), niece of the 730: 375: 11253: 8884: 6483: 5464:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

3866: 3545: 2590:

according to the armorial of Knights of the order of the Seraphim

1817: 1478:

During Bernadotte's time as governor of the Hanseatic cities, the

1408:'s VI Corps. Left unsupported by Ney's unexpected movement toward 895: 710: 7891: 4609: 2404: 1897: 1794: 1551: 1538: 1394: 1385:(known as the "Pursuit of the Three Marshals"), Prussian general 1319: 1246: 1096:

where he led the vanguard, and at the capture of the fortress of

1092:, Bernadotte distinguished himself greatly at the passage of the 942: 874: 490: 484: 339: 5084:. William Blakewood and Sons, Edinghburg; Thomas Cadell, London. 4775:"Caballeros existentes en la insignie Orden del Toison de Oro". 1183:

Though Bernadotte declined to help Napoleon Bonaparte stage his

741:. Bernadotte played a significant role in the French victory at 7740: 7715: 7197: 5971: 5595: 2786: 2658: 2501: 2166:

His remains were interred after a state funeral in Stockholm's

1877: 1347: 1280: 1128: 1089: 1085: 1081: 915: 674:

from 1818 until his death in 1844 and the first monarch of the

257: 13324:

François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt

5560:(Jan 1964) 14#1 pp 3–13 and part 2. (Mar 1964) 14#3 pp 171–180 5165:

A History of Sweden from the Earliest Times to the Present Day

2953: 2643:("Death to the king"). The tattoo is finally revealed to read 1586:

when he was unexpectedly elected the heir-presumptive to King

859:. The Swedish–Norwegian war is viewed as Sweden's last direct 13258: 5582:

Research Guide to European Historical Biography: 1450–Present

5491:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

5319:

Memoirs and Campaigns of Charles John, Prince Royal of Sweden

4869:"The Court Journal: Court Circular & Fashionable Gazette" 4097:

Memoirs and Campaigns of Charles John, Prince Royal of Sweden

3386: 3209:. In Belaubre, Christope; Dym, Jordana; Savage, John (eds.). 3065: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3051: 2514: 1738: 1351: 1150:

After returning from Vienna, he resided in Paris. He married

1112: 1070: 1043: 965:, for his smart appearance. In early 1790 he was promoted to 792:

of the Swedish Armed Forces, soon after his arrival becoming

5365:"Bernadotte (Jean-Baptiste-Jules de, prince de Ponte-Corvo)" 5337:

Encyclopædia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge

5244:

Walachren 1809: The Scandalous Destruction of a British Army

4395: 3523: 3521: 3508: 3506: 3352: 3350: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3018: 3016: 788:. He assumed the name Charles John and was named regent and 7296: 4058: 4056: 4017: 2184: 2091: 1901: 1583: 15198:

French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars

13298: 5221:

Napoleon's Empire: European Politics in Global Perspective

4735:. l'Académie Imp. des Sciences. 1817. pp. 63, 77, 89. 4315: 4243: 4207: 3842:

Napoleon's Empire: European Politics in Global Perspective

3574: 3572: 2774: 1679:(though his wife Désirée never did renounce Catholicism). 1562:

accepted the general government of the Roman departments.

30:"Carl Johan" redirects here. For a subsequent prince, see 15303:

Recipients of the Order of St. George of the First Degree

13138: 7882: 6986:

Not Swedish prince by birth, but created prince of Sweden

4885:

1,339 QI Facts To Make Your Jaw Drop: Fixed Format Layout

4781:(in Spanish). En la Imprenta Nacional. 1835. p. 72. 4520: 4518: 4431: 4407: 4362: 4126: 3962: 3881: 3773: 3761: 3749: 3713: 3701: 3677: 3665: 3641: 3611: 3599: 3557: 3533: 3518: 3503: 3491: 3410: 3374: 3347: 3287: 3275: 3028: 3013: 2761:

Allt vi trodde vi visste men som faktiskt är FEL FEL FEL!

2058:

Equestrian statue in Stockholm depicting Charles XIV John

1541:

with both regular French and Dutch troops along with the

1397:(7 November 1806). When the French forced their way into 1042:

from cutting off the retreat of the French army over the

4279: 4255: 4053: 3725: 3689: 3589: 3587: 3427: 3425: 3362: 3001: 855:, which lasted for almost a century before its peaceful 8714: 6630:

King John II Casimir of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania

5803:

Charles XIV John of Sweden / Charles III John of Norway

4547:

Alm, Mikael; Johansson, Brittinger (Eds) (2008), p. 12.

4419: 4291: 4186: 4138: 3569: 3454: 3452: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3239: 3183: 3135: 3099: 2989: 2977: 2814: 1337:

he will be in the position which had been indicated at

1272:, that the Austrians would be driven from his country. 1142:

Bust of a young Bernadotte at the Bernadotte Museum in

902:. He was the son of Jean Henri Bernadotte (1711–1780), 690:) and before he became royalty in Sweden, his name was 5174:

Bernadotte: Un marechal d'empire sur le trone de Suede

4515: 4443: 3805:"Charles XIII | king of Sweden | Britannica" 3329: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3311: 2905: 1727:

Charles John, address to the Estates, 5 November 1810.

1015:

By 1794 he was promoted to brigadier, attached to the

851:

was defeated in nineteen days. This put Norway into a

15263:

Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Polar Star

4882:

Lloyd, John; Mitchinson, John; Harkin, James (2013).

4881: 4383: 4303: 4267: 4231: 4219: 4162: 4150: 4114: 4029: 3909: 3785: 3737: 3653: 3584: 3437: 3422: 3398: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2855: 15293:

Grand Crosses of the Military Order of Maria Theresa

14054:

List of people associated with the French Revolution

6625:

King Władysław IV of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania

5282:

Memorials of Charles John, King of Sweden and Norway

4617:. Gedruckt in der Berlingschen Officin. p. 126. 4102: 4046: 4044: 3950: 3479: 3449: 3171: 3159: 3147: 3123: 3111: 3087: 3075: 2941: 2929: 2917: 2011:

Coronation of Charles III John as King of Norway in

2000:

Coronation of Charles XIV John as King of Sweden in

14286:

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

11376:

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

5300:

Bernadotte : Napoleon's Marshal, Sweden's King

4838:"Grand Crosses of the Order of the Tower and Sword" 4751:

Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Kaiserthumes Österreich

4747:"Ritter-Orden: Militärischer Maria-Theresien-Orden" 4174: 3926: 3924: 3902:

Ancienneté och Rang-Rulla öfver Krigsmagten år 1813

3308: 2802: 15223:Swedish military commanders of the Napoleonic Wars 5565:Bernadotte: Marshal of France & King of Sweden 5348:. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. 5263:The Nordic Way : A Path to Baltic Equilibrium 2965: 2893: 2881: 2852: 733:was turbulent; nevertheless, Napoleon named him a 15193:Military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars 7024: 6019: 5088:Alm, Mikael; Johansson, Brittinger (Eds) (2008). 4041: 2832: 768:In 1810, Bernadotte was unexpectedly elected the 15208:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 15129: 13212:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen 5876: 5411:1813 Leipzig. Napoleon and the Battle of Nations 4962: 4804:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden 4778:Guía de forasteros en Madrid para el año de 1835 4720:(in German), "Königliche Ritter-Orden", pp. 3, 5 4605: 4603: 3921: 3257: 3213:. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. pp. 141–150. 1812:In January 1812, French troops suddenly invaded 15298:Recipients of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross 14664:Marie Jean François Philibert Lecarlier d'Ardon 11084:England expects that every man will do his duty 7835: 6640:John Albert, Prince-Bishop of Warmia and Kraków 5497:Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). 5335:Scott, Franklin D. (1962). "Charles XIV John". 4909:Ganzon, Guadalupe Fores-; Mañeru, Luis (1995). 4601: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4530: 1924:, which transferred Norway to Swedish control. 1221: 1053:At the beginning of 1797 he was ordered by the 937:Bernadotte joined the army as a private in the 886:Jean Bernadotte was born on 26 January 1763 in 784:, a Swedish courtier and obscure member of the 15233:Converts to Lutheranism from Roman Catholicism 11254:Significant civil and political events by year 5167:. Chicago, New York: author. pp. 249–271. 4830: 4797: 4718:Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen: 1839 3470: 2106:n, would later be named after Charles John as 1927:The Norwegians rejected Swedish control. They 1565: 1533:With Bernadotte having returned to Paris, the 1057:to march with 20,000 men as reinforcements to 15258:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword 14990: 14796: 14428:Paul François Jean Nicolas, vicomte de Barras 14377: 11141: 8900: 8700: 7986: 7804: 7179: 7010: 6499: 6475:***Prince/Princess of Sweden by marriage only 6374: 6236: 5774: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3977: 1459:, on 14 July 1807, he became governor of the 835:that saw the defeat of the Danish Army, King 526:Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces 14307: 14266: 14242: 14223: 13207:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick 6724:Prince Frederick Adolf, Duke of Östergötland 5520:Alm, Mikael and Britt-Inger Johansson, eds. 4908: 4580: 2644: 2638: 2632: 2626: 2620: 1970: 1448:, preserving the French bridgehead over the 1080:He had his first interview with Napoleon in 15268:Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of Vasa 11894: 6607:Prince Charles Philip, Duke of Södermanland 5973:Charles XV of Sweden / Charles IV of Norway 5330:. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press. 5065:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 4963:Solomon, Maynard; Herttrich, Ernst (1988). 2552:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1264:'s II Corps and having the majority of the 761:, made Bernadotte a member of the extended 698:, he participated in several battles as a 27:King of Sweden and Norway from 1818 to 1844 15273:Grand masters of the Order of Charles XIII 14997: 14983: 14803: 14789: 14384: 14370: 13411:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth 11148: 11134: 8907: 8893: 8707: 8693: 7811: 7797: 7186: 7172: 7017: 7003: 6506: 6492: 6471:^lost his title due to an unequal marriage 5781: 5767: 5496: 5316: 5134:The Amazing Career of Bernadotte 1763–1844 4732:Almanach de la cour: pour l'année ... 1817 4610:Johann Heinrich Friedrich Berlien (1846). 4334: 4332: 4330: 3974: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3069: 2588:Coat of arms of Crown Prince Charles John 1686: 945:. Subsequently, the Régiment stationed in 709:in the region of southern France known as 47: 15308:Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe 14966:Star of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross 14888:Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia 14842:Bogislav Friedrich Emanuel von Tauentzien 13676:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau 13334:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau 13157:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany 8599: 7729: 6982:Lost his title due to an unequal marriage 6890:Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten 5218: 5199: 5092:, Reklam & katalogtryck AB, Uppsala. 4993: 4967:. Harvard University Press. p. 343. 4368: 4261: 1955:, with support from French liberals like 1046:after its defeat by the Austrians at the 622:Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe 14108: 11392:Nationalization of the Church properties 8555: 8499: 8426: 8184: 8147: 8089: 7676: 7643: 7560: 7495: 5440: 5279: 5158: 5149: 4437: 4401: 4023: 3578: 2780: 2144: 2136: 2069: 2053: 2006: 1995: 1982: 1974: 1701:Bernadotte as Crown Prince, painting by 1696: 1569: 1422: 1241:, Bernadotte became one of the eighteen 1225: 1137: 984: 932: 873: 869: 177:2 July 1799 – 14 September 1799 14337:Historiography of the French Revolution 13608:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville 13319:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette 7226: 6823:Prince Carl Oscar, Duke of Södermanland 6645:Prince Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Opole 5983: 5788: 5584:(4 vol. 1992); vol. 1, pp. 126–134 5524:(Uppsala: Swedish Science Press, 2008) 5500:"Bernadotte, Jean Baptiste Jules" 5288: 5260: 5190: 4935: 4413: 4327: 4099:, pp. 144–145. C.J. Barrington, London. 3838: 3827: 3475:. London: Methuen & Co. p. 81. 3380: 3201: 2607: 1805:Swedish population. Sweden reluctantly 717:in 1780. Following the outbreak of the 14: 15130: 14505:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord 13344:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord 13299:Other significant figures and factions 9230:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom 7818: 7193: 6523:The generations indicate descent from 6136: 5427: 5297: 5241: 5171: 5140: 5131: 5122: 5111: 5102: 5079: 5031: 4939:The Complete Prophecies of Nostradamus 4524: 4449: 4321: 4309: 4285: 4273: 4249: 4225: 4213: 4192: 4168: 4156: 4144: 4132: 4120: 4108: 4035: 3968: 3956: 3915: 3887: 3875: 3791: 3779: 3767: 3755: 3743: 3719: 3707: 3683: 3671: 3659: 3647: 3617: 3605: 3593: 3563: 3551: 3539: 3527: 3512: 3497: 3485: 3443: 3431: 3416: 3404: 3392: 3368: 3356: 3293: 3281: 3245: 3189: 3177: 3165: 3153: 3141: 3129: 3117: 3105: 3093: 3081: 3022: 3007: 2995: 2983: 2971: 2959: 2947: 2935: 2923: 2911: 2899: 2887: 2835:"Sweden celebrates 200 years of peace" 2792: 2599:Coat of arms of King Charles XIV John 1287:which resulted in the shutting off of 666:; 26 January 1763 – 8 March 1844) was 165:Minister of War of the French Republic 15283:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain 15153:People from Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques 14978: 14784: 14562:Jean-Baptiste Annibal Aubert du Bayet 14433:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy 14395:(2 November 1795 to 10 November 1799) 14365: 14212: 14107: 13391:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy 13297: 13147:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez 13086:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 13044:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth 12647: 11893: 11524:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary 11252: 11155: 11129: 10912:Spanish American wars of independence 8888: 8688: 7792: 7167: 6998: 6487: 6373: 6235: 6135: 6018: 5970: 5875: 5800: 5762: 5408: 5343: 5334: 5325: 5265:. Washington, DC: The Compass Press. 5176:. Paris: Ellipses Edition Marketing. 5060: 4425: 4389: 4297: 4237: 4180: 4073: 4071: 4062: 3731: 3695: 3458: 3258:Wencker-Wildberg, Friederich (1936). 3227:from the original on 12 November 2018 2820: 2808: 2796: 1880:and was victorious in battle against 1490:Recalled to Germany to assist in the 980: 808:and using Swedish diplomacy to bring 15278:Knights of the Order of Charles XIII 14832:Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow 14423:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux 13545:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux 12957:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno 12648: 11744:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III 6947:Prince Daniel, Duke of Västergötland 6942:Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland 6864:Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland 5469: 5377: 5125:Bernadotte Prince and King 1810–1844 4942:. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. 4005:from the original on 9 November 2020 3341: 2875: 2833:Solveig Rundquist (15 August 2014). 2562: 2170:. He was succeeded by his only son, 1295:. Bernadotte's troops then captured 1180:, the directors allied to Napoleon. 1160:the coup d'état of the 30th Prairial 582:Grand Master Order of the Polar Star 442:United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway 15288:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1813) 15253:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour 15203:Marshals of the First French Empire 14837:Crown Prince Charles John of Sweden 14213: 13152:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth 10897:Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War) 8914: 6978:Also prince of Poland and Lithuania 6771:Crown Prince Gustav, Prince of Vasa 6745:Prince Carl Gustav, Duke of Småland 6566:Prince Magnus, Duke of Östergötland 6513: 5445:. Stockholm: The Swedish Institute. 5362: 5328:Bernadotte and the Fall of Napoleon 5136:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 4614:Ordenskapitelsarchivs zu Kopenhagen 4568:from the original on 26 August 2021 4503:from the original on 14 August 2018 3938:from the original on 3 January 2019 2202:, was also named after him in 1854. 1363:Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Comte d'Erlon 1127:, to appoint him to the embassy of 24: 15114: 14342:Influence of the French Revolution 14332:Symbolism in the French Revolution 13096:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen 13057:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc 11312:Convocation of the Estates General 6905:Prince Carl Johan, Duke of Dalarna 6838:Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland 5514: 5115:Bernadotte and Napoleon: 1763–1810 4848:from the original on 7 August 2018 4473:from the original on 5 August 2018 4068: 2225:, was also named in honour of him. 1492:new war between France and Austria 780:, thanks to the advocacy of Baron 572:Grand Master Order of the Seraphim 25: 15339: 14878:Helmuth Graf von Moltke the Elder 14736:Georges René Le Peley de Pléville 14592:Edmond Louis Alexis Dubois-Crancé 14541:Charles Joseph Mathieu Lambrechts 13984:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes 13716:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville 13018:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen 12800:François Christophe de Kellermann 12039:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees) 7153:Heirs who succeeded are shown in 6874:Prince Carl, Duke of Östergötland 6597:Prince John, Duke of Östergötland 5588: 5280:Meredith, William George (1829). 4757:from the original on 4 April 2023 3815:from the original on 27 July 2014 2019:Charles John had been regent and 1318:During the 1806 campaign against 906:at Pau, and his wife (married at 587:Grand Master of the Order of Vasa 200:Edmond Louis Alexis Dubois-Crancé 15168:Swedish people of French descent 14883:Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia 14654:Jean-Marie Sotin de La Coindière 14628:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai 14546:Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès 14536:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai 14526:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai 14476: 14438:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai 13711:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai 13618:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours 13588:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot 13479:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière 13257: 13222: 13192: 13167: 13124: 12998: 12875:Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise 12656: 11428:Civil Constitution of the Clergy 10772:Frederick William III of Prussia 10752:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly 8873: 8728: 7142: 6869:Prince Erik, Duke of Västmanland 6533:Houses of Palatinate-Zweibrücken 6467:**also prince/princess of Norway 5745:2 July 1799 – 14 September 1799 5594: 5541:The amazing career of Bernadotte 5531:(2010) 125#512 pp. 205–208. 5457: 5025: 4981: 4956: 4929: 4902: 4875: 4861: 4806:(1834), "Großherzogliche Orden" 4785:from the original on 7 June 2020 4768: 4739: 4723: 4711: 4689: 4665: 4643: 4621: 4558:"The statues in the Palace Park" 4550: 4541: 4485: 4455: 4374: 4198: 3272:Maude, F.A. (1912), pp. 150–151. 3262:. London: Jarrolds. p. 173. 2593: 2582: 2570: 1935:and elected Danish crown prince 898:in the southwestern part of the 392: 15238:18th-century French politicians 14618:Dominique-Vincent Ramel-Nogaret 14577:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer 14049:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil 13796:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne 13721:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas 12932:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier 12927:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer 12907:Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon 12735:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine 11653:Marie Antoinette is guillotined 10892:Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War) 10822:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies 6910:Prince Lennart, Duke of Småland 6895:Prince Sigvard, Duke of Uppland 5684:5 February 1818 – 8 March 1844 5443:The Roots of Swedish Neutrality 5132:Barton, Dunbar Plunket (1930). 5123:Barton, Dunbar Plunket (1925). 5112:Barton, Dunbar Plunket (1921). 5103:Barton, Dunbar Plunket (1914). 4350:from the original on 2 May 2015 4089: 4080: 3893: 3797: 3632: 3623: 3464: 3305:Maude, F.A (1912), pp. 222–226. 3299: 3266: 3251: 3195: 2726:Union between Sweden and Norway 2492:Military Order of Maria Theresa 1888:in September at the Battles of 1693:Union between Sweden and Norway 617:Military Order of Maria Theresa 577:Grand Master Order of the Sword 292: 15218:Burials at Riddarholmen Church 15163:Naturalized citizens of Sweden 14582:Louis Marie de Milet de Mureau 14322:Women in the French Revolution 13924:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien 13101:Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló 12765:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino 12394:French invasion of Switzerland 10807:Prince Regent John of Portugal 10717:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor 10662:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony 10657:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria 6900:Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland 6807:Prince August, Duke of Dalarna 6797:Prince Gustaf, Duke of Uppland 5623:New International Encyclopedia 5141:Berdah, Jean-Francois (2009). 5080:Alison, Sir Archibald (1836). 5036:. New York: Ballantine Books. 3471:Dunn-Pattinson, R. P. (1909). 2826: 2753: 2191:, was named after him in 1852. 1427:Bernadotte as a French Marshal 996:Following the outbreak of the 692:Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte 188:Louis Marie de Milet de Mureau 79:5 February 1818 – 8 March 1844 13: 1: 15056:Carl Fredrik Johannes Bødtker 15010:Norwegian Order of Freemasons 14873:Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel 14827:Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher 14813:Grand Cross of the Iron Cross 14746:Marc-Antoine Bourdon de Vatry 14731:Laurent Jean François Truguet 14705:François Sébastien Letourneux 14327:Incroyables and merveilleuses 14146:Pierre Claude François Daunou 13934:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé 13065:Maximilian Baillet de Latour 13036:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze 12333:Naval Engagement off Brittany 12086:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies 12060:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees) 11869:Constitution of the Year VIII 11604:Committee of General Security 11489:National Legislative Assembly 11344:National Constituent Assembly 10832:Prince Charles John of Sweden 7836: 7026:Heirs to the throne of Sweden 6833:Prince Oscar, Duke of Gotland 6021:Oscar II of Sweden and Norway 5708:5 June 1806 – 21 August 1810 5550:(1944) 16#4 pp. 265–285 5204:. London: C. Hurst & Co. 5159:Cronholm, Neander N. (1902). 5145:. Revue D’ Histoire Nordique. 5054: 4493:"King Carl Johan (1763–1844)" 4463:"History of the Royal Palace" 2460:Order of St. Alexander Nevsky 2394:Grand Cross of the Iron Cross 2317:Commander Grand Cross of the 2307:Commander Grand Cross of the 2287:Commander Grand Cross of the 2194:The former main base for the 2121:conviction of the journalist 1948:with Sweden later that year. 1623:, did not wish to convert to 1212:Third Treaty of San Ildefonso 1065:. Upon receiving insult from 845:Swedish–Norwegian War of 1814 749:as a reward. His marriage to 602:Order of St. George 1st Class 597:Grand Cross of the Iron Cross 592:Grand Collar Legion of Honour 54: 14674:Claude Sébastien Bourguignon 14608:Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin 14531:Jean Joseph Victor Génissieu 14458:Jean-François-Auguste Moulin 14245:Liberté, égalité, fraternité 14039:Charles Alexandre de Calonne 13929:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé 13826:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte 13726:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier 13416:Charles Malo François Lameth 13091:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich 12922:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr 12865:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey 12065:Second Battle of Wissembourg 11752:Constitution of the Year III 8014:descendant of Inge the Elder 7958:descendant of Inge the Elder 6531:, and continues through the 5878:Oscar I of Sweden and Norway 5387:Ambassade de France en Suede 5346:Sweden, The Nation's History 4858:Retrieved 21 September 2018. 3878:, pp. 250–256, 268–272. 3554:, pp. 169–170, 256–257. 2741:War of the Seventh Coalition 2721:Swedish–Norwegian War (1814) 2547:Order of the Tower and Sword 2545:: Knight Grand Cross of the 2490:: Knight Grand Cross of the 2268:: Knight Grand Cross of the 2255:: Knight Grand Eagle of the 2141:Charles John on his deathbed 1741:family through his favorite 1654:, and was subsequently made 1222:Marshal of the French Empire 678:. In Norway, he is known as 556:Swedish–Norwegian War (1814) 145:5 June 1806 – 21 August 1810 7: 15076:Anton Cathinco Stub Holmboe 14847:Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg 14649:Jean-Jacques Lenoir-Laroche 14644:Charles Cochon de Lapparent 14623:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet 14413:Étienne-François Letourneur 14141:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb 13766:Antoine Christophe Saliceti 13701:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois 13661:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just 13540:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet 13525:Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve 13520:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud 13329:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier 13182:William V, Prince of Orange 12052:First Battle of Wissembourg 12009:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793) 11725:Closing of the Jacobin Club 11594:(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794) 11551:(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795) 11411:Abolition of the Parlements 11384:Women's March on Versailles 8255:Bengt Jönsson (Oxenstierna) 6963:Prince Oscar, Duke of Skåne 6843:Prince Eugen, Duke of Närke 6750:Crown Prince Charles August 5563:Lord Russell of Liverpool: 5527:Review by Rasmus Glenthøj, 5344:Scott, Franklin D. (1988). 5261:Killham, Edward L. (1993). 5246:. Barnsley: Pen and Sword. 5191:Foucart, Paul Jean (1887). 5150:Chandler, David G. (1987). 5105:Bernadotte: The First Phase 4673:Riksarkivet – Sök i arkiven 3202:Olivier, Jean-Marc (2010). 2714: 2532:Order of the Zähringer Lion 2425:Military Order of St. Henry 2246: 2102:. The main street in Oslo, 1566:Offer of the Swedish throne 1237:On the introduction of the 1125:Minister of Foreign Affairs 1100:(19 March 1797). After the 878:Bernadotte's birthplace in 737:on the proclamation of the 10: 15344: 15243:Ministers of war of France 15158:French emigrants to Sweden 14613:Guillaume-Charles Faipoult 14500:Charles-François Delacroix 14276:French Republican calendar 13831:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel 13456:Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac 12810:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos 12760:Charles François Dumouriez 12750:Jacques François Dugommier 12564:League of Armed Neutrality 12397:(28 January – 17 May 1798) 12349:Battle of the Bay of Cádiz 12172:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795) 12151:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795) 11815:Second Congress of Rastatt 11599:Committee of Public Safety 11586:(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795) 10667:Frederick I of Württemberg 9037:Confederation of the Rhine 8325:Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna 8278:Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna 8261:Nils Jönsson (Oxenstierna) 5601:Charles XIV John of Sweden 5441:Wahlbäck, Krister (1986). 5321:. London: C.J. Barrington. 2736:War of the Sixth Coalition 2530:Knight Grand Cross of the 2520:Knight Grand Cross of the 2506:Order of the Golden Fleece 2423:Knight Grand Cross of the 2383:Knight Grand Cross of the 2347: 2297:Knight Grand Cross of the 2217:), located in present-day 2177: 1713:to the Lutheranism of the 1690: 1414:Levin August von Bennigsen 29: 15112: 15016: 14963: 14947: 14934:Prince Leopold of Bavaria 14911: 14855: 14819: 14758: 14723: 14687: 14636: 14600: 14554: 14518: 14510:Charles-Frédéric Reinhard 14492: 14485: 14474: 14400: 14291:Cult of the Supreme Being 14219: 14208: 14114: 14103: 14062: 13896: 13889: 13774: 13631: 13553: 13464: 13451:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard 13357: 13306:Patriotic Society of 1789 13304: 13293: 13255: 13220: 13190: 13165: 13122: 13109:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf 13031:Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg 12996: 12987: 12965: 12670: 12654: 12643: 12612: 12575: 12548:Convention of Alessandria 12530: 12437: 12384: 12315: 12185: 12159: 12076: 11973: 11900: 11889: 11845: 11834:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI 11826: 11799: 11736: 11672: 11567: 11500: 11449: 11403: 11295:What Is the Third Estate? 11286: 11259: 11248: 11163: 11046: 10930: 10845: 10827:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden 10817:William, Prince of Orange 10680: 10627:Pierre-Charles Villeneuve 10560: 10553: 10433: 10312: 10176: 10005: 9919: 9873: 9622: 9516: 9440: 9334: 9248: 9200: 9191: 9087: 8988: 8979: 8956:French Invasion of Russia 8922: 8871: 8735: 8726: 8649: 8590: 8541: 8476: 8417: 8167: 8138: 8080: 7971: 7873: 7826: 7757: 7714: 7661: 7628: 7545: 7480: 7204: 7151: 7140: 7032: 6971: 6955: 6934: 6918: 6882: 6851: 6815: 6784: 6763: 6732: 6706: 6690: 6669: 6653: 6617: 6579: 6548: 6521: 6464: 6435: 6412: 6386: 6382: 6376:Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden 6369: 6345: 6309: 6286: 6248: 6244: 6238:Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden 6231: 6206: 6177: 6148: 6144: 6131: 6089: 6066: 6031: 6027: 6014: 5979: 5966: 5929: 5888: 5884: 5871: 5846: 5829: 5813: 5809: 5796: 5747: 5741:Minister of War of France 5738: 5730: 5725: 5710: 5701: 5696: 5686: 5673: 5665: 5660: 5633: 5617:"Charles XIV. John" 5548:Journal of Modern History 5529:English Historical Review 5317:Philippart, John (1814). 5291:Revue d'histoire nordique 5242:Howard, Martin R (2012). 5193:Campagne de Prusse (1806) 5061:Agius, Christine (2006). 4952:– via Google Books. 4925:– via Google Books. 4898:– via Google Books. 4095:Phillipart, John (1814). 3845:. Springer. p. 221. 2763:, Bokförlaget Semic 2007 2637:("Death to tyrants"), or 2123:Magnus Jacob Crusenstolpe 2090:in the Norwegian capital 2074:The monument outside the 1987:King Charles XIV John at 1971:King of Sweden and Norway 971:non-commissioned officers 649: 630: 564: 546:French Revolutionary Wars 538: 476: 458: 450: 409: 404: 400: 388: 371: 363: 350: 338: 329:Karl Johan Baptist Julius 323: 318: 314: 302: 277: 263: 243: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 193: 181: 170: 163: 159: 149: 141: 134: 124: 114: 83: 75: 64: 46: 41: 14587:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte 13999:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target 13964:Joséphine de Beauharnais 13846:Stanislas-Marie Maillard 13816:François-Nicolas Vincent 13801:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette 12975:Charles-Alexandre Linois 12870:Jean Victor Marie Moreau 12850:François Séverin Marceau 12830:François Joseph Lefebvre 12725:Jean-Étienne Championnet 12700:Louis-Alexandre Berthier 12695:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte 12690:Alexandre de Beauharnais 12680:Eustache Charles d'Aoust 12402:French Invasion of Egypt 12280:Second Battle of Bassano 12014:Battle of Kaiserslautern 11788:Conspiracy of the Equals 11481:The Constitution of 1791 11352:Storming of the Bastille 10737:Archduke John of Austria 10732:Prince von Schwarzenberg 10577:Louis-Alexandre Berthier 7443:Magnus VI the Law-mender 6635:Prince Alexander Charles 6592:Gustav, Prince of Uglich 5896:King Charles XV & IV 5575:Nordic Historical Review 5326:Scott, Franklin (1935). 5284:. London: Henry Colburn. 5200:Griffiths, Tony (2004). 5195:. Paris: Berger-Levraut. 5032:Pataki, Allison (2020). 5003:. Movies & TV Dept. 4824:2 September 2019 at the 4813:2 September 2019 at the 3070:Ripley & Dana (1879) 2962:, pp. 50–52, 70–71. 2746: 2676:The novel was filmed as 2375:Order of the Black Eagle 2132: 1075:Louis-Alexandre Berthier 939:Régiment Royal–La Marine 776:) to the childless King 729:. His relationship with 713:, Bernadotte joined the 522:Allied Army of the North 501:Army of the Rhine (1798) 15323:Crown princes of Norway 15318:Crown princes of Sweden 15041:Johan Gottfried Conradi 14710:François de Neufchâteau 14700:François de Neufchâteau 14448:Jean Baptiste Treilhard 14443:François de Neufchâteau 13979:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray 13851:Charles-Philippe Ronsin 13811:Antoine-François Momoro 13806:Charles-Philippe Ronsin 13623:François de Neufchâteau 13573:Charles-François Lebrun 13515:Jean Baptiste Treilhard 13396:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas 13272:Luis Firmin de Carvajal 13078:Rudolf Ritter von Otto 13073:Karl Mack von Leiberich 12705:Jean-Baptiste Bessières 12519:Second Battle of Zurich 12410:Irish Rebellion of 1798 12256:First Battle of Bassano 12094:Second Battle of Boulou 11895:Revolutionary campaigns 11853:Coup of 30 Prairial VII 11768:Council of Five Hundred 11556:First republic declared 11492:(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792) 11473:Declaration of Pillnitz 11197:Constitutional monarchy 10672:Frederick VI of Denmark 10622:Jean-Baptiste Bessières 9412:Greater Poland uprising 9235:Duc d'Enghien Execution 7716:III. Independent Norway 7399:Haakon II Broadshoulder 6394:Crown Princess Victoria 6346:Grandchildren's spouses 6197:Princess Maria Pavlovna 6185:Crown Princess Margaret 5506:The American Cyclopædia 5484:Encyclopædia Britannica 5302:. London: John Murray. 5172:Favier, Franck (2010). 4936:Reading, Mario (2018). 3395:, pp. 758, 764–65. 3260:Bernadotte: A Biography 2631:("Death to kings"), or 2613:Louis-Émile Vanderburch 2522:House Order of Fidelity 2309:Order of the Polar Star 2270:Order of the Iron Crown 1847:Convention of Tauroggen 1747:Aurora Wilhelmina Brahe 1687:Crown Prince and Regent 1017:Army of Sambre-et-Meuse 969:, the highest rank for 839:was forced to sign the 837:Frederick VI of Denmark 607:Order of the Iron Crown 15119: 15061:Hans Johndal Rønneberg 14893:August Graf von Werder 14868:August Karl von Goeben 14863:Albert, King of Saxony 14741:Étienne Eustache Bruix 14715:Nicolas Marie Quinette 14453:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès 14308: 14267: 14243: 14224: 13736:Prieur de la Côte-d'Or 13731:Jean-Pierre-André Amar 13641:Maximilien Robespierre 13474:Jacques Pierre Brissot 13339:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès 12770:Louis-Charles de Flers 12755:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas 12720:Jean François Carteaux 12495:First Battle of Zurich 12458:(20 Mar – 21 May 1799) 12413:(23 May – 23 Sep 1798) 12373:Treaty of Campo Formio 12119:Glorious First of June 12047:(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793) 12006:Expedition to Sardinia 11684:Desmoulins guillotined 11619:Assassination of Marat 11611:Fall of the Girondists 11583:Revolutionary Tribunal 11575:Execution of Louis XVI 11465:Champ de Mars massacre 11368:Abolition of Feudalism 10792:Ferdinand VII of Spain 9240:Coronation of Napoleon 8387:Sten Sture the Younger 8318:Kettil Karlsson (Vasa) 8301:Kettil Karlsson (Vasa) 8244:Christopher of Bavaria 7630:II. Independent Norway 5610:. The Napoleon Series. 5580:Moncure, James A. ed. 5154:. New York: MacMillan. 5127:. London: John Murray. 5118:. London: John Murray. 5009:. 2008. Archived from 4915:. Fundación Santiago. 2645: 2639: 2633: 2627: 2621: 2435:Order of the Rue Crown 2385:Order of the Red Eagle 2223:Västra Götaland County 2219:Karlsborg Municipality 2214: 2164: 2154: 2142: 2079: 2059: 2034: 2016: 2004: 1993: 1980: 1933:a liberal constitution 1884:in August and against 1787:Scandinavian peninsula 1724: 1705: 1644:Riksdag of the Estates 1588:Charles XIII of Sweden 1579: 1480:Abdications of Bayonne 1428: 1299:on 30 October. In the 1243:Marshals of the Empire 1234: 1147: 1109:Treaty of Campo Formio 1067:Dominique Martin Dupuy 993: 989:Bernadotte during the 883: 786:Riksdag of the Estates 778:Charles XIII of Sweden 687: 663: 530:Norwegian Armed Forces 328: 15118: 15051:Wilhelm Hansen Færden 15046:August Christian Mohr 15021:King Charles III John 14418:Jean-François Rewbell 14181:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 13446:Jean-Charles Pichegru 13426:Jean-François Rewbell 12912:Jean-Charles Pichegru 12795:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan 12785:Jacques Maurice Hatry 12556:Battle of Hohenlinden 12429:(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798) 12264:Battle of Emmendingen 12211:Battle of Castiglione 12098:(30 Apr – 1 May 1794) 12029:Battle of Hondschoote 11700:Thermidorian Reaction 11664:(throughout the year) 11437:Fête de la Fédération 11363:(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789) 11347:(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791) 11331:(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790) 11079:Conference of Dresden 10988:Paris (February 1812) 10917:Swedish–Norwegian War 10742:Alexander I of Russia 7414:Haakon III Sverresson 7387:Eystein II Haraldsson 7362:Sigurd I the Crusader 7211:Foreign and non-royal 7206:I. Independent Norway 6974:Also prince of Norway 6755:King Charles XIV John 5413:. London: Greenhill. 5409:Smith, Digby (2001). 5363:Six, Georges (1934). 5298:Palmer, Alan (1990). 4888:. Faber & Faber. 4655:27 March 2018 at the 4633:27 March 2018 at the 4562:Royal House of Norway 3839:Planert, Ute (2015). 2601:of Sweden and Norway 2409:Order of the Elephant 2329:Order of Charles XIII 2279:Order of the Seraphim 2160: 2148: 2140: 2073: 2057: 2030: 2010: 1999: 1986: 1979:Coronation medal 1844 1978: 1929:declared independence 1857:After the defeats at 1843:Frederick William III 1839:Supreme Central Junta 1720: 1700: 1691:Further information: 1638:, amazed at Mörner's 1612:Eugène de Beauharnais 1573: 1473:Order of the Elephant 1426: 1412:, the Russians under 1270:Maximillian IV Joseph 1229: 1169:Le Moniteur Universel 1141: 988: 933:Early military career 890:, the capital of the 877: 870:Early life and family 806:Alexander I of Russia 735:Marshal of the Empire 612:Order of the Elephant 463:Marshal of the Empire 451:Years of service 422:Kingdom of the French 119:Charles XIII & II 32:Carl Johan Bernadotte 15328:19th-century regents 14939:August von Mackensen 14903:Frederick Francis II 14109:Influential thinkers 13856:Jean-François Varlet 13756:Jean-Lambert Tallien 13751:Jean Bon Saint-André 13578:Pierre-Joseph Cambon 13500:Marquis de Condorcet 13349:Nicolas de Condorcet 13114:Dagobert von Wurmser 12947:Louis-Gabriel Suchet 12890:Pierre-Jacques Osten 12805:Jean-Baptiste Kléber 12740:Louis-Nicolas Davout 12730:Chapuis de Tourville 12272:Battle of Schliengen 12219:Battle of Theiningen 12140:Battle of Aldenhoven 12024:Battle of Wattignies 11993:Battle of Neerwinden 11807:Coup of 18 Fructidor 11320:Death of the Dauphin 11033:Fontainebleau (1814) 10587:Louis-Nicolas Davout 9508:Invasion of Portugal 8366:Sten Sture the Elder 8349:Sten Sture the Elder 8248:House of Wittelsbach 7431:Haakon IV Haakonsson 7332:Magnus II Haraldsson 7219:monarchs in brackets 6926:King Carl XVI Gustaf 6859:King Gustaf VI Adolf 6740:King Gustav IV Adolf 6698:King Adolf Frederick 6602:King Gustav II Adolf 6337:King Carl XVI Gustaf 6156:King Gustaf VI Adolf 5751:Edmond Dubois-Crancé 5704:Prince of Pontecorvo 5635:Charles XIV/III John 5608:"Marshal Bernadotte" 5603:at Wikimedia Commons 4705:4 April 2023 at the 4678:27 July 2020 at the 4380:Barton, pp. 110–131. 2759:Ulf Ivar Nilsson in 2608:Fictional portrayals 2556:Order of St. Patrick 2196:Royal Norwegian Navy 1660:Swedish Armed Forces 1375:Eugen of Württemberg 1313:Prince of Pontecorvo 1301:Battle of Austerlitz 1251:Gottingen University 1036:Battle of Theiningen 963:Sergeant Belle-Jambe 747:Prince of Pontecorvo 471:Swedish Armed Forces 367:Jeanne de Saint-Jean 136:Prince of Pontecorvo 15173:House of Bernadotte 15096:Magne Frode Nygaard 14924:Paul von Hindenburg 14764:National Convention 14567:Claude Louis Petiet 14463:Louis-Jérôme Gohier 14196:Mary Wollstonecraft 13974:Jean Sylvain Bailly 13761:Pierre Louis Prieur 13706:Jean-Henri Voulland 13681:Jacques-Louis David 13613:Jean Joseph Mounier 13314:Jean Sylvain Bailly 12952:Belgrand de Vaubois 12840:Jean-Antoine Marbot 12780:Emmanuel de Grouchy 12585:Treaty of Lunéville 12224:Battle of Neresheim 12169:Siege of Luxembourg 12148:Siege of Luxembourg 12103:Battle of Tourcoing 12034:Siege of Bellegarde 11861:Coup of 18 Brumaire 11773:Council of Ancients 11548:National Convention 11540:September Massacres 11516:Brunswick Manifesto 11508:France declares war 11275:Assembly of Vizille 11059:Bourbon Restoration 10802:Maria I of Portugal 10787:Prince of Hohenlohe 10777:Gebhard von Blücher 9720:Neumarkt-Sankt Veit 9027:Swiss Confederation 8720:First French Empire 8039:Sverker the Younger 7650:Christian Frederick 7463:Haakon VI Magnusson 7458:Magnus VII Ericsson 7404:Magnus V Erlingsson 7372:Magnus IV the Blind 7357:Eystein I Magnusson 7347:Magnus III Barefoot 7327:Harald III Hardrada 7249:Harald II Greycloak 6317:Princess Margaretha 6256:Prince Gustaf Adolf 6097:Princess Margaretha 5790:House of Bernadotte 5640:House of Bernadotte 5471:Bain, Robert Nisbet 5430:Revue Napoleonienne 5396:on 17 November 2015 5339:. pp. 283–286. 5152:Napoleon's Marshals 4988:Library of Congress 4753:, 1814, p. 9, 4404:, pp. 311–312. 4324:, pp. 101–108. 4252:, pp. 206–207. 4216:, pp. 185–186. 4135:, pp. 257–258. 4065:, pp. 288–289. 4026:, pp. 105–106. 3971:, pp. 245–246. 3905:(in Swedish). 1813. 3890:, pp. 268–278. 3782:, pp. 153–154. 3770:, pp. 139–147. 3758:, pp. 237–240. 3734:, pp. 225–229. 3722:, pp. 227–228. 3710:, pp. 223–225. 3698:, pp. 284–285. 3686:, pp. 216–217. 3674:, pp. 192–195. 3650:, pp. 192–193. 3638:Barton, pp. 194–196 3629:Barton, pp. 197–201 3620:, pp. 178–183. 3608:, pp. 140–141. 3566:, pp. 172–176. 3542:, pp. 136–137. 3530:, pp. 132–137. 3515:, pp. 198–199. 3500:, pp. 165–171. 3473:Napoleon's Marshals 3419:, pp. 137–139. 3359:, pp. 148–156. 3296:, pp. 108–109. 3284:, pp. 106–109. 3025:, pp. 110–114. 2823:, pp. 140–145. 2783:, pp. 249–271. 2543:Kingdom of Portugal 2477:Order of St. George 2450:Order of St. Andrew 2359:Order of St. Hubert 2215:Karlsborgs fästning 2183:The main street of 2168:Riddarholmen Church 2002:Stockholm Cathedral 1937:Christian Frederick 1735:Charles de Suremain 1604:Frederick Christian 1420:(25 January 1807). 1239:First French Empire 1192:Councillor of State 1121:Talleyrand-Périgord 1069:, the commander of 638:Councillor of State 239:, Kingdom of France 94:Stockholm Cathedral 15120: 15066:Jacob Hvinden Haug 14811:Recipients of the 14034:Loménie de Brienne 14009:Madame de Lamballe 13944:Napoléon Bonaparte 13741:Prieur de la Marne 13656:Camille Desmoulins 13510:Marie Jean Hérault 13386:Jean-Sifrein Maury 13381:Arnaud de La Porte 13237:Alexander Korsakov 13023:Count of Clerfayt 12942:Jean-de-Dieu Soult 12855:Auguste de Marmont 12710:Napoléon Bonaparte 12601:Algeciras campaign 12593:Treaty of Florence 12471:Battle of Stockach 12304:Ireland expedition 12288:Battle of Calliano 12248:Battle of Rovereto 12240:Battle of Würzburg 11692:Law of 22 Prairial 11661:Anti-clerical laws 11636:The Death of Marat 11457:Flight to Varennes 11074:Continental System 11069:Congress of Erfurt 10993:Paris (March 1812) 10767:Peter Wittgenstein 10692:Duke of Wellington 10647:Prince Poniatowski 10612:Jean-de-Dieu Soult 10597:Auguste de Marmont 9992:Arroyo dos Molinos 9840:Walcheren Campaign 9830:Armistice of Znaim 9725:Dalmatian Campaign 9650:Tyrolean Rebellion 8397:House of Oldenburg 8359:House of Oldenburg 8332:Erik Axelsson Tott 8294:House of Oldenburg 8284:Erik Axelsson Tott 8196:House of Estridsen 8010:House of Estridsen 8000:Eric "IX" the Holy 7954:House of Estridsen 7945:Ragnvald Knaphövde 7820:Monarchs of Sweden 7468:Olaf IV Haakonsson 7453:Haakon V Magnusson 7420:Guttorm Sigurdsson 7342:Haakon Toresfostre 6413:Children's spouses 6404:Princess Madeleine 6399:Prince Carl Philip 6332:Princess Christina 6287:Children's spouses 6178:Children's spouses 6138:Gustaf V of Sweden 6067:Children's spouses 5930:Children's spouses 5847:Children's spouses 5726:Political offices 5715:Title next held by 5225:Palgrave Macmillan 5006:The New York Times 4684:sok.riksarkivet.se 4344:www.britannica.com 3999:www.britannica.com 3809:www.britannica.com 3383:, pp. 694–97. 3371:, pp. 86–104. 3010:, pp. 98–101. 2795:, pp. 53–57; 2646:Vive la république 2622:Le Camarade de lit 2368:Kingdom of Prussia 2355:Kingdom of Bavaria 2299:Order of the Sword 2289:Order of the Sword 2230:Caserne Bernadotte 2207:Karlsborg Fortress 2155: 2143: 2080: 2060: 2049:Swedish neutrality 2017: 2005: 1994: 1981: 1944:Norway to enter a 1904:and joined in the 1816:and the island of 1778:Continental System 1753:became his lover. 1706: 1636:Swedish government 1580: 1535:Walcheren Campaign 1514:Archduke Charles's 1465:Spanish contingent 1429: 1262:Auguste de Marmont 1235: 1148: 1135:over the embassy. 1059:Napoleon Bonaparte 1048:Battle of Würzburg 1012:counter-attacked. 994: 981:Revolutionary Wars 884: 676:Bernadotte dynasty 53:Charles XIV John, 15248:French Freemasons 15188:Swedish Lutherans 15183:Regents of Norway 15178:Regents of Sweden 15125: 15124: 14972: 14971: 14919:Kaiser Wilhelm II 14778: 14777: 14754: 14753: 14724:Navy and Colonies 14669:Jean-Pierre Duval 14359: 14358: 14355: 14354: 14233:Cockade of France 14204: 14203: 14166:Antoine Lavoisier 14156:Benjamin Franklin 14136:Anacharsis Cloots 14099: 14098: 14095: 14094: 14019:Louis de Breteuil 13861:Theophile Leclerc 13289: 13288: 13285: 13284: 13242:Alexander Suvorov 12983: 12982: 12917:Józef Poniatowski 12835:Étienne Macdonald 12639: 12638: 12540:Battle of Marengo 12503:Battle of Trebbia 12487:Battle of Cassano 12479:Battle of Magnano 12463:Battle of Ostrach 12365:Battle of Neuwied 12127:Battle of Fleurus 12111:Battle of Tournay 11988:War in the Vendée 11924:Royalist Revolts 11885: 11884: 11442: 11418:Abolition of the 11336:Tennis Court Oath 11328:National Assembly 11157:French Revolution 11123: 11122: 11119: 11118: 11111:Types of military 10907:Russo-Turkish War 10902:Russo-Persian War 10870:Anglo-Turkish War 10865:Anglo-Swedish War 10860:Anglo-Spanish War 10855:Anglo-Russian War 10782:Duke of Brunswick 10685:political leaders 10565:political leaders 10549: 10548: 9554:Medina de Rioseco 9276:Haslach-Jungingen 9210:French Revolution 9187: 9186: 8970:Seventh Coalition 8882: 8881: 8770:Gouvion Saint-Cyr 8682: 8681: 8658:Norwegian monarch 8653:Lineage uncertain 8645: 8644: 8586: 8585: 8537: 8536: 8472: 8471: 8413: 8412: 8231:House of Griffins 8214:House of Griffins 8204:House of Griffins 8163: 8162: 8134: 8133: 8076: 8075: 8015: 7994:Sverker the Elder 7967: 7966: 7959: 7883:c. 1060 – c. 1130 7869: 7868: 7786: 7785: 7753: 7752: 7710: 7709: 7663:Union with Sweden 7657: 7656: 7624: 7623: 7541: 7540: 7476: 7475: 7448:Eric II Magnusson 7409:Sverre Sigurdsson 7393:Magnus Haraldsson 7382:Inge I Haraldsson 7322:Magnus I the Good 7291:Olaf II the Saint 7279:Eiríkr Hákonarson 7267:Olaf I Tryggvason 7261:Haakon Sigurdsson 7244:Haakon I the Good 7234:Harald I Fairhair 7220: 7161: 7160: 6992: 6991: 6719:King Charles XIII 6481: 6480: 6460: 6459: 6456: 6455: 6365: 6364: 6361: 6360: 6322:Princess Birgitta 6277:Prince Carl Johan 6227: 6226: 6223: 6222: 6127: 6126: 6123: 6122: 6080:Princess Ingeborg 6010: 6009: 6006: 6005: 5997:Prince Carl Oscar 5962: 5961: 5958: 5957: 5867: 5866: 5863: 5862: 5757: 5756: 5748:Succeeded by 5687:Succeeded by 5599:Media related to 5571:Jean-Marc Olivier 5537:Barton, Dunbar B. 5309:978-0-7195-4703-4 5253:978-1-84884-468-1 5234:978-1-137-45547-5 5098:978-91-977312-2-5 5043:978-0-593-12818-3 4497:www.kongehuset.no 4467:www.kongehuset.no 4428:, pp. 61–62. 4416:, pp. 17–19. 4300:, pp. 33–38. 4288:, pp. 53–58. 4195:, pp. 32–33. 4147:, pp. 40–41. 3248:, pp. 93–95. 3192:, pp. 14–19. 3144:, pp. 60–61. 3108:, pp. 42–43. 2998:, pp. 92–94. 2986:, pp. 76–77. 2769:978-91-552-3572-7 2671:Annemarie Selinko 2605: 2604: 2563:Arms and monogram 2470:Order of St. Anna 2418:Kingdom of Saxony 2013:Nidaros Cathedral 1957:Benjamin Constant 1906:Battle of Leipzig 1871:Truce of Pläswitz 1861:(2 May 1813) and 1814:Swedish Pomerania 1711:Roman Catholicism 1528:Battle of Leipzig 1275:Bernadotte, with 1216:Sale of Louisiana 1201:Battle of Marengo 998:French Revolution 991:French Revolution 900:Kingdom of France 853:union with Sweden 798:Swedish Pomerania 723:brigadier general 719:French Revolution 715:French Royal Army 700:Marshal of France 653: 652: 437:Kingdom of Sweden 417:Kingdom of France 334: 333: 309:Oscar I of Sweden 271:Riddarholm Church 104:Nidaros Cathedral 100:7 September 1818 16:(Redirected from 15335: 15313:Charles XIV John 15228:Swedish adoptees 14999: 14992: 14985: 14976: 14975: 14948:1939 Grand Cross 14929:Erich Ludendorff 14912:1914 Grand Cross 14898:Kaiser Wilhelm I 14856:1870 Grand Cross 14820:1813 Grand Cross 14805: 14798: 14791: 14782: 14781: 14770:French Consulate 14490: 14489: 14480: 14393:French Directory 14386: 14379: 14372: 14363: 14362: 14313: 14301:Temple of Reason 14272: 14248: 14229: 14210: 14209: 14161:Thomas Jefferson 14105: 14104: 14024:de Chateaubriand 13954:Joseph Bonaparte 13949:Lucien Bonaparte 13939:Marie Antoinette 13894: 13893: 13881:Sylvain Maréchal 13836:François Hanriot 13671:Louis Philippe I 13598:Louis Philippe I 13593:Philippe Égalité 13535:Olympe de Gouges 13505:Charlotte Corday 13495:Étienne Clavière 13295: 13294: 13277:Antonio Ricardos 13262: 13261: 13247:Andrei Rosenberg 13227: 13226: 13197: 13196: 13172: 13171: 13142:Ralph Abercromby 13129: 13128: 13104: 13081: 13068: 13060: 13052: 13039: 13026: 13003: 13002: 12994: 12993: 12898: 12845:Marcellin Marbot 12668: 12667: 12661: 12660: 12649:Military leaders 12645: 12644: 12632: 12624: 12620:Treaty of Amiens 12605: 12597: 12589: 12568: 12560: 12552: 12544: 12523: 12522:(25–26 Sep 1799) 12515: 12507: 12506:(17–20 Jun 1799) 12499: 12491: 12490:(27–28 Apr 1799) 12483: 12475: 12467: 12466:(20–21 Mar 1799) 12459: 12451: 12447:Second Coalition 12430: 12422: 12414: 12406: 12398: 12377: 12369: 12361: 12357:Treaty of Leoben 12353: 12345: 12344:(14–15 Jan 1797) 12341:Battle of Rivoli 12337: 12329: 12325:Italian campaign 12308: 12300: 12299:(15–17 Nov 1796) 12296:Battle of Arcole 12292: 12284: 12276: 12268: 12260: 12252: 12244: 12236: 12232:Battle of Amberg 12228: 12215: 12207: 12203:Battle of Lonato 12199: 12195:Italian campaign 12173: 12152: 12144: 12131: 12123: 12115: 12107: 12099: 12090: 12069: 12068:(26–27 Dec 1793) 12056: 12048: 12010: 12002: 11998:Battle of Famars 11966: 11891: 11890: 11873: 11865: 11857: 11838: 11819: 11811: 11792: 11784: 11764: 11756: 11748: 11729: 11721: 11713: 11704: 11696: 11688: 11665: 11657: 11649: 11641: 11631: 11623: 11615: 11595: 11587: 11579: 11560: 11552: 11544: 11536: 11528: 11520: 11512: 11493: 11485: 11477: 11469: 11461: 11460:(20–21 Jun 1791) 11440: 11432: 11424: 11415: 11396: 11388: 11380: 11372: 11364: 11356: 11348: 11340: 11332: 11324: 11316: 11308: 11300: 11279: 11271: 11267:Day of the Tiles 11250: 11249: 11150: 11143: 11136: 11127: 11126: 10887:Dano-Swedish War 10875:Anglo-Danish War 10727:Archduke Charles 10642:Jérôme Bonaparte 10558: 10557: 10491:Castel di Sangro 10400:Fère-Champenoise 10053:García Hernández 9967:Fuentes de Oñoro 9483:Guttstadt-Deppen 9220:Second Coalition 9198: 9197: 9179:French Royalists 8986: 8985: 8935:Fourth Coalition 8909: 8902: 8895: 8886: 8885: 8877: 8732: 8709: 8702: 8695: 8686: 8685: 8607:Charles XIV John 8597: 8596: 8553: 8552: 8543:Holstein-Gottorp 8507:Charles X Gustav 8497: 8496: 8493: 8424: 8423: 8182: 8181: 8145: 8144: 8087: 8086: 8013: 7984: 7983: 7957: 7940:Inge the Younger 7880: 7879: 7838: 7833: 7832: 7813: 7806: 7799: 7790: 7789: 7727: 7726: 7688:Charles III John 7674: 7673: 7641: 7640: 7558: 7557: 7493: 7492: 7437:Haakon the Young 7426:Inge II Bårdsson 7285:Sweyn Haakonsson 7255:Harald Bluetooth 7224: 7223: 7210: 7188: 7181: 7174: 7165: 7164: 7146: 7019: 7012: 7005: 6996: 6995: 6682:King Frederick I 6677:King Charles XII 6587:King Sigismund I 6537:Holstein-Gottorp 6508: 6501: 6494: 6485: 6484: 6443:Princess Estelle 6384: 6383: 6371: 6370: 6327:Princess Désirée 6294:Princess Sibylla 6246: 6245: 6233: 6232: 6146: 6145: 6133: 6132: 6029: 6028: 6016: 6015: 5981: 5980: 5968: 5967: 5949:Princess Therese 5914:Princess Eugenie 5886: 5885: 5873: 5872: 5811: 5810: 5798: 5797: 5783: 5776: 5769: 5760: 5759: 5731:Preceded by 5666:Preceded by 5656: 5649: 5631: 5630: 5627: 5619: 5611: 5598: 5510: 5502: 5488: 5463: 5461: 5460: 5446: 5437: 5424: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5395: 5389:. Archived from 5384: 5380:"Karl XIV Johan" 5378:Sjostrom, Olof. 5372: 5359: 5340: 5331: 5322: 5313: 5294: 5285: 5276: 5257: 5238: 5215: 5196: 5187: 5168: 5155: 5146: 5137: 5128: 5119: 5108: 5085: 5076: 5048: 5047: 5029: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5013:on 15 April 2008 4997: 4991: 4985: 4979: 4978: 4965:Beethoven Essays 4960: 4954: 4953: 4933: 4927: 4926: 4906: 4900: 4899: 4879: 4873: 4872: 4865: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4853: 4834: 4828: 4801: 4795: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4772: 4766: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4743: 4737: 4736: 4727: 4721: 4715: 4709: 4693: 4687: 4682:" (in Swedish). 4669: 4663: 4647: 4641: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4607: 4578: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4554: 4548: 4545: 4539: 4534: 4528: 4522: 4513: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4499:(in Norwegian). 4489: 4483: 4482: 4480: 4478: 4469:(in Norwegian). 4459: 4453: 4447: 4441: 4440:, pp. 7–12. 4435: 4429: 4423: 4417: 4411: 4405: 4399: 4393: 4387: 4381: 4378: 4372: 4369:Hårdstedt (2016) 4366: 4360: 4359: 4357: 4355: 4336: 4325: 4319: 4313: 4307: 4301: 4295: 4289: 4283: 4277: 4271: 4265: 4262:Griffiths (2004) 4259: 4253: 4247: 4241: 4235: 4229: 4223: 4217: 4211: 4205: 4202: 4196: 4190: 4184: 4178: 4172: 4166: 4160: 4154: 4148: 4142: 4136: 4130: 4124: 4118: 4112: 4106: 4100: 4093: 4087: 4084: 4078: 4075: 4066: 4060: 4051: 4048: 4039: 4033: 4027: 4021: 4015: 4014: 4012: 4010: 3991: 3972: 3966: 3960: 3954: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3928: 3919: 3913: 3907: 3906: 3897: 3891: 3885: 3879: 3873: 3864: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3836: 3825: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3801: 3795: 3789: 3783: 3777: 3771: 3765: 3759: 3753: 3747: 3741: 3735: 3729: 3723: 3717: 3711: 3705: 3699: 3693: 3687: 3681: 3675: 3669: 3663: 3657: 3651: 3645: 3639: 3636: 3630: 3627: 3621: 3615: 3609: 3603: 3597: 3591: 3582: 3576: 3567: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3537: 3531: 3525: 3516: 3510: 3501: 3495: 3489: 3483: 3477: 3476: 3468: 3462: 3456: 3447: 3441: 3435: 3429: 3420: 3414: 3408: 3402: 3396: 3390: 3384: 3378: 3372: 3366: 3360: 3354: 3345: 3339: 3306: 3303: 3297: 3291: 3285: 3279: 3273: 3270: 3264: 3263: 3255: 3249: 3243: 3237: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3208: 3199: 3193: 3187: 3181: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3157: 3151: 3145: 3139: 3133: 3127: 3121: 3115: 3109: 3103: 3097: 3091: 3085: 3079: 3073: 3067: 3026: 3020: 3011: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2987: 2981: 2975: 2969: 2963: 2957: 2951: 2945: 2939: 2933: 2927: 2921: 2915: 2914:, pp. 8–13. 2909: 2903: 2897: 2891: 2885: 2879: 2873: 2850: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2839:The Local Sweden 2830: 2824: 2818: 2812: 2806: 2800: 2790: 2784: 2778: 2772: 2757: 2690:as Désirée, and 2648: 2642: 2636: 2630: 2624: 2617:Ferdinand Langlé 2597: 2586: 2574: 2567: 2566: 2554:: Knight of the 2510:2 September 1822 2407:: Knight of the 2357:: Knight of the 2266:Kingdom of Italy 2257:Legion of Honour 2238: 2189:Karl Johans gate 2108:Karl Johans gate 2045:Near East Crisis 2038: 1965:House of Bourbon 1867:Trachenberg Plan 1851:Treaty of Kalisz 1831:Treaty of Örebro 1728: 1629:Karl Otto Mörner 1621:viceroy in Italy 1602:, Danish Prince 1500:Battle of Wagram 1188:of November 1799 1156:Joseph Bonaparte 1040:Archduke Charles 861:conflict and war 857:1905 dissolution 833:a brief campaign 821:Trachenberg Plan 804:by allying with 782:Carl Otto Mörner 770:heir-presumptive 759:Joseph Bonaparte 680:Charles III John 656:Charles XIV John 505:Army of the West 497:Hanseatic Cities 495:Governor of the 396: 354:Henri Bernadotte 316: 315: 296: 294: 250: 233: 231: 196: 184: 175: 107: 97: 59: 56: 51: 42:Charles XIV John 39: 38: 21: 15343: 15342: 15338: 15337: 15336: 15334: 15333: 15332: 15128: 15127: 15126: 15121: 15110: 15012: 15003: 14973: 14968: 14959: 14943: 14907: 14851: 14815: 14809: 14779: 14774: 14750: 14719: 14695:Pierre Bénézech 14683: 14659:Nicolas Dondeau 14632: 14596: 14550: 14514: 14493:Foreign Affairs 14481: 14472: 14396: 14390: 14360: 14351: 14226:La Marseillaise 14215: 14214:Cultural impact 14200: 14110: 14091: 14058: 14014:Madame du Barry 14004:Catherine Théot 13994:Thérésa Tallien 13885: 13876:Gracchus Babeuf 13821:François Chabot 13778: 13770: 13691:Georges Couthon 13686:Marquis de Sade 13651:Jean-Paul Marat 13627: 13583:Bertrand Barère 13549: 13460: 13441:Boissy d'Anglas 13436:Madame de Staël 13401:Antoine Barnave 13369: 13362: 13353: 13300: 13281: 13256: 13251: 13221: 13216: 13191: 13186: 13166: 13161: 13123: 13118: 13102: 13079: 13066: 13058: 13050: 13037: 13024: 13013:József Alvinczi 12997: 12979: 12961: 12902:Nicolas Oudinot 12892: 12825:Claude Lecourbe 12820:Charles Leclerc 12715:Guillaume Brune 12685:Pierre Augereau 12655: 12650: 12635: 12630: 12628:Treaty of Paris 12622: 12608: 12603: 12595: 12587: 12571: 12566: 12558: 12550: 12542: 12526: 12521: 12513: 12505: 12497: 12489: 12481: 12473: 12465: 12457: 12449: 12433: 12428: 12420: 12412: 12404: 12396: 12380: 12375: 12367: 12359: 12351: 12343: 12335: 12327: 12311: 12306: 12298: 12290: 12282: 12274: 12266: 12258: 12250: 12242: 12234: 12226: 12213: 12205: 12197: 12181: 12171: 12155: 12150: 12142: 12129: 12121: 12113: 12105: 12097: 12088: 12072: 12067: 12054: 12046: 12044:Siege of Toulon 12008: 12000: 11983:First Coalition 11969: 11960: 11896: 11881: 11871: 11863: 11855: 11841: 11836: 11822: 11817: 11809: 11795: 11790: 11782: 11762: 11754: 11746: 11732: 11727: 11719: 11711: 11702: 11694: 11686: 11668: 11663: 11655: 11647: 11645:Law of Suspects 11639: 11629: 11621: 11613: 11593: 11591:Reign of Terror 11585: 11577: 11563: 11558: 11550: 11542: 11534: 11526: 11518: 11510: 11496: 11491: 11483: 11475: 11467: 11459: 11445: 11430: 11422: 11413: 11399: 11394: 11386: 11378: 11371:(4–11 Aug 1789) 11370: 11362: 11354: 11346: 11338: 11330: 11322: 11314: 11306: 11304:Réveillon riots 11298: 11282: 11277: 11269: 11255: 11244: 11159: 11154: 11124: 11115: 11042: 10926: 10847: 10841: 10797:Miguel de Álava 10762:Pyotr Bagration 10757:Count Bennigsen 10747:Mikhail Kutuzov 10712:Thomas Cochrane 10684: 10682: 10676: 10637:Louis Bonaparte 10564: 10562: 10561:French and ally 10545: 10429: 10345:Château-Thierry 10308: 10172: 10143:Maloyaroslavets 10001: 9915: 9869: 9660:Yevenes/Yébenes 9618: 9534:Rosily Squadron 9512: 9436: 9402:Waren-Nossentin 9330: 9261:Cape Finisterre 9244: 9215:First Coalition 9193: 9183: 9090: 9083: 8994: 8990: 8981: 8975: 8963:Sixth Coalition 8949:Fifth Coalition 8928:Third Coalition 8918: 8916:Napoleonic Wars 8913: 8883: 8878: 8869: 8733: 8722: 8713: 8683: 8678: 8641: 8637:Carl XVI Gustaf 8632:Gustaf VI Adolf 8582: 8573:Gustav IV Adolf 8563:Adolf Frederick 8533: 8522:Ulrika Eleonora 8487: 8486: 8479: 8468: 8459:Gustav II Adolf 8409: 8178: 8176: 8159: 8130: 8072: 7963: 7884: 7865: 7851:Olof Skötkonung 7822: 7817: 7787: 7782: 7778:Swedish monarch 7772:English monarch 7749: 7725: 7706: 7672: 7653: 7639: 7620: 7556: 7537: 7491: 7472: 7367:Harald IV Gille 7303:Haakon Ericsson 7273:Sweyn Forkbeard 7239:Eric I Bloodaxe 7218: 7212: 7209: 7208: 7200: 7192: 7162: 7157: 7147: 7138: 7028: 7023: 6993: 6988: 6984: 6980: 6976: 6967: 6956:16th generation 6951: 6935:15th generation 6930: 6919:14th generation 6914: 6883:13th generation 6878: 6852:12th generation 6847: 6816:11th generation 6811: 6792:King Charles XV 6785:10th generation 6780: 6759: 6728: 6714:King Gustav III 6702: 6686: 6665: 6661:King Charles XI 6649: 6613: 6575: 6571:King Charles IX 6544: 6517: 6515:Swedish princes 6512: 6482: 6477: 6473: 6469: 6452: 6431: 6408: 6378: 6357: 6341: 6305: 6300:Princess Lilian 6282: 6267:Princess Ingrid 6240: 6219: 6202: 6173: 6140: 6119: 6109:Princess Astrid 6103:Princess Märtha 6085: 6062: 6023: 6002: 5991:Princess Louise 5975: 5954: 5925: 5880: 5859: 5854:Queen Josephine 5842: 5825: 5805: 5792: 5787: 5753: 5744: 5736: 5734:Louis de Mureau 5716: 5707: 5692: 5683: 5671: 5669:Charles XIII/II 5650: 5648:26 January 1763 5644: 5643: 5636: 5614: 5606: 5591: 5517: 5515:Further reading 5458: 5456: 5436:(1903): 68–152. 5421: 5399: 5397: 5393: 5382: 5356: 5310: 5273: 5254: 5235: 5212: 5184: 5073: 5057: 5052: 5051: 5044: 5030: 5026: 5016: 5014: 4999: 4998: 4994: 4986: 4982: 4975: 4961: 4957: 4950: 4934: 4930: 4923: 4907: 4903: 4896: 4880: 4876: 4867: 4866: 4862: 4851: 4849: 4836: 4835: 4831: 4826:Wayback Machine 4815:Wayback Machine 4802: 4798: 4788: 4786: 4774: 4773: 4769: 4760: 4758: 4745: 4744: 4740: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4716: 4712: 4707:Wayback Machine 4694: 4690: 4680:Wayback Machine 4670: 4666: 4657:Wayback Machine 4648: 4644: 4635:Wayback Machine 4626: 4622: 4608: 4581: 4571: 4569: 4556: 4555: 4551: 4546: 4542: 4535: 4531: 4523: 4516: 4506: 4504: 4491: 4490: 4486: 4476: 4474: 4461: 4460: 4456: 4448: 4444: 4438:Wahlbäck (1986) 4436: 4432: 4424: 4420: 4412: 4408: 4402:Meredith (1829) 4400: 4396: 4388: 4384: 4379: 4375: 4367: 4363: 4353: 4351: 4338: 4337: 4328: 4320: 4316: 4308: 4304: 4296: 4292: 4284: 4280: 4272: 4268: 4260: 4256: 4248: 4244: 4236: 4232: 4224: 4220: 4212: 4208: 4203: 4199: 4191: 4187: 4179: 4175: 4167: 4163: 4155: 4151: 4143: 4139: 4131: 4127: 4119: 4115: 4107: 4103: 4094: 4090: 4085: 4081: 4076: 4069: 4061: 4054: 4049: 4042: 4034: 4030: 4024:Meredith (1829) 4022: 4018: 4008: 4006: 3993: 3992: 3975: 3967: 3963: 3955: 3951: 3941: 3939: 3930: 3929: 3922: 3918:, pp. 4–6. 3914: 3910: 3899: 3898: 3894: 3886: 3882: 3874: 3867: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3837: 3828: 3818: 3816: 3803: 3802: 3798: 3790: 3786: 3778: 3774: 3766: 3762: 3754: 3750: 3742: 3738: 3730: 3726: 3718: 3714: 3706: 3702: 3694: 3690: 3682: 3678: 3670: 3666: 3658: 3654: 3646: 3642: 3637: 3633: 3628: 3624: 3616: 3612: 3604: 3600: 3592: 3585: 3579:Chandler (1987) 3577: 3570: 3562: 3558: 3550: 3546: 3538: 3534: 3526: 3519: 3511: 3504: 3496: 3492: 3484: 3480: 3469: 3465: 3457: 3450: 3442: 3438: 3430: 3423: 3415: 3411: 3403: 3399: 3391: 3387: 3379: 3375: 3367: 3363: 3355: 3348: 3340: 3309: 3304: 3300: 3292: 3288: 3280: 3276: 3271: 3267: 3256: 3252: 3244: 3240: 3230: 3228: 3221: 3206: 3200: 3196: 3188: 3184: 3176: 3172: 3164: 3160: 3152: 3148: 3140: 3136: 3128: 3124: 3116: 3112: 3104: 3100: 3092: 3088: 3080: 3076: 3068: 3029: 3021: 3014: 3006: 3002: 2994: 2990: 2982: 2978: 2970: 2966: 2958: 2954: 2946: 2942: 2934: 2930: 2922: 2918: 2910: 2906: 2898: 2894: 2886: 2882: 2874: 2853: 2843: 2841: 2831: 2827: 2819: 2815: 2807: 2803: 2791: 2787: 2781:Cronholm (1902) 2779: 2775: 2758: 2754: 2749: 2731:Napoleonic Wars 2717: 2694:as Bernadotte. 2634:Mort aux tyrans 2610: 2600: 2598: 2589: 2587: 2575: 2565: 2560: 2488:Austrian Empire 2413:15 October 1808 2350: 2342:Lord and Master 2323:28 January 1813 2261:2 February 1805 2249: 2232: 2180: 2149:Charles John's 2135: 2040: 2036: 1990:Ladugårdsgärdet 1973: 1961:Madame de Staël 1941:The ensuing war 1939:to the throne. 1835:Sixth Coalition 1751:Mariana Koskull 1749:, whose cousin 1730: 1726: 1695: 1689: 1665:Gustav IV Adolf 1578:erected in 1846 1568: 1461:Hanseatic towns 1457:Peace of Tilsit 1442:Battle of Eylau 1232:François Kinson 1224: 983: 935: 872: 802:Sixth Coalition 763:Imperial family 757:was married to 745:, and was made 727:Minister of War 696:Napoleonic Wars 645: 631:Other work 626: 560: 551:Napoleonic Wars 534: 519:Army of Antwerp 446: 427:French Republic 405:Military career 378: 355: 298: 295: 1798) 290: 286: 273: 268: 252: 248: 235: 234:26 January 1763 229: 227: 226: 225:Jean Bernadotte 194: 182: 176: 171: 110: 101: 91: 60: 57: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15341: 15331: 15330: 15325: 15320: 15315: 15310: 15305: 15300: 15295: 15290: 15285: 15280: 15275: 15270: 15265: 15260: 15255: 15250: 15245: 15240: 15235: 15230: 15225: 15220: 15215: 15213:Occitan people 15210: 15205: 15200: 15195: 15190: 15185: 15180: 15175: 15170: 15165: 15160: 15155: 15150: 15148:Adult adoptees 15145: 15140: 15123: 15122: 15113: 15111: 15109: 15108: 15103: 15098: 15093: 15088: 15083: 15078: 15073: 15068: 15063: 15058: 15053: 15048: 15043: 15038: 15033: 15028: 15023: 15017: 15014: 15013: 15002: 15001: 14994: 14987: 14979: 14970: 14969: 14964: 14961: 14960: 14958: 14957: 14955:Hermann Göring 14951: 14949: 14945: 14944: 14942: 14941: 14936: 14931: 14926: 14921: 14915: 14913: 14909: 14908: 14906: 14905: 14900: 14895: 14890: 14885: 14880: 14875: 14870: 14865: 14859: 14857: 14853: 14852: 14850: 14849: 14844: 14839: 14834: 14829: 14823: 14821: 14817: 14816: 14808: 14807: 14800: 14793: 14785: 14776: 14775: 14773: 14772: 14766: 14759: 14756: 14755: 14752: 14751: 14749: 14748: 14743: 14738: 14733: 14727: 14725: 14721: 14720: 14718: 14717: 14712: 14707: 14702: 14697: 14691: 14689: 14685: 14684: 14682: 14681: 14676: 14671: 14666: 14661: 14656: 14651: 14646: 14640: 14638: 14634: 14633: 14631: 14630: 14625: 14620: 14615: 14610: 14604: 14602: 14598: 14597: 14595: 14594: 14589: 14584: 14579: 14574: 14569: 14564: 14558: 14556: 14552: 14551: 14549: 14548: 14543: 14538: 14533: 14528: 14522: 14520: 14516: 14515: 14513: 14512: 14507: 14502: 14496: 14494: 14487: 14483: 14482: 14475: 14473: 14471: 14470: 14465: 14460: 14455: 14450: 14445: 14440: 14435: 14430: 14425: 14420: 14415: 14410: 14404: 14402: 14398: 14397: 14389: 14388: 14381: 14374: 14366: 14357: 14356: 14353: 14352: 14350: 14349: 14344: 14339: 14334: 14329: 14324: 14319: 14314: 14305: 14304: 14303: 14296:Cult of Reason 14293: 14288: 14283: 14278: 14273: 14264: 14259: 14254: 14249: 14240: 14238:Flag of France 14235: 14230: 14220: 14217: 14216: 14206: 14205: 14202: 14201: 14199: 14198: 14193: 14188: 14183: 14178: 14173: 14168: 14163: 14158: 14153: 14148: 14143: 14138: 14133: 14128: 14123: 14115: 14112: 14111: 14101: 14100: 14097: 14096: 14093: 14092: 14090: 14089: 14084: 14083: 14082: 14077: 14066: 14064: 14060: 14059: 14057: 14056: 14051: 14046: 14044:Jacques Necker 14041: 14036: 14031: 14026: 14021: 14016: 14011: 14006: 14001: 13996: 13991: 13986: 13981: 13976: 13971: 13966: 13961: 13956: 13951: 13946: 13941: 13936: 13931: 13926: 13921: 13916: 13911: 13906: 13900: 13898: 13891: 13887: 13886: 13884: 13883: 13878: 13873: 13868: 13866:Claire Lacombe 13863: 13858: 13853: 13848: 13843: 13838: 13833: 13828: 13823: 13818: 13813: 13808: 13803: 13798: 13793: 13791:Jacques Hébert 13787: 13785: 13772: 13771: 13769: 13768: 13763: 13758: 13753: 13748: 13743: 13738: 13733: 13728: 13723: 13718: 13713: 13708: 13703: 13698: 13693: 13688: 13683: 13678: 13673: 13668: 13663: 13658: 13653: 13648: 13646:Georges Danton 13643: 13637: 13635: 13629: 13628: 13626: 13625: 13620: 13615: 13610: 13605: 13600: 13595: 13590: 13585: 13580: 13575: 13570: 13565: 13559: 13557: 13551: 13550: 13548: 13547: 13542: 13537: 13532: 13527: 13522: 13517: 13512: 13507: 13502: 13497: 13492: 13490:Henri Grégoire 13486: 13481: 13476: 13470: 13468: 13462: 13461: 13459: 13458: 13453: 13448: 13443: 13438: 13433: 13431:Camille Jordan 13428: 13423: 13418: 13413: 13408: 13403: 13398: 13393: 13388: 13383: 13378: 13372: 13370: 13358: 13355: 13354: 13352: 13351: 13346: 13341: 13336: 13331: 13326: 13321: 13316: 13310: 13308: 13302: 13301: 13291: 13290: 13287: 13286: 13283: 13282: 13280: 13279: 13274: 13268: 13266: 13253: 13252: 13250: 13249: 13244: 13239: 13233: 13231: 13218: 13217: 13215: 13214: 13209: 13203: 13201: 13188: 13187: 13185: 13184: 13178: 13176: 13163: 13162: 13160: 13159: 13154: 13149: 13144: 13135: 13133: 13120: 13119: 13117: 13116: 13111: 13106: 13098: 13093: 13088: 13083: 13075: 13070: 13062: 13054: 13046: 13041: 13033: 13028: 13020: 13015: 13009: 13007: 12991: 12985: 12984: 12981: 12980: 12978: 12977: 12971: 12969: 12963: 12962: 12960: 12959: 12954: 12949: 12944: 12939: 12934: 12929: 12924: 12919: 12914: 12909: 12904: 12899: 12887: 12882: 12877: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12857: 12852: 12847: 12842: 12837: 12832: 12827: 12822: 12817: 12812: 12807: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12767: 12762: 12757: 12752: 12747: 12742: 12737: 12732: 12727: 12722: 12717: 12712: 12707: 12702: 12697: 12692: 12687: 12682: 12676: 12674: 12665: 12652: 12651: 12641: 12640: 12637: 12636: 12634: 12633: 12625: 12616: 12614: 12610: 12609: 12607: 12606: 12598: 12590: 12581: 12579: 12573: 12572: 12570: 12569: 12561: 12553: 12545: 12536: 12534: 12528: 12527: 12525: 12524: 12516: 12511:Battle of Novi 12508: 12500: 12498:(4–7 Jun 1799) 12492: 12484: 12476: 12468: 12460: 12452: 12443: 12441: 12435: 12434: 12432: 12431: 12423: 12415: 12407: 12399: 12390: 12388: 12382: 12381: 12379: 12378: 12370: 12362: 12354: 12346: 12338: 12330: 12321: 12319: 12313: 12312: 12310: 12309: 12301: 12293: 12291:(6–7 Nov 1796) 12285: 12277: 12269: 12261: 12253: 12245: 12237: 12229: 12221: 12216: 12208: 12206:(3–4 Aug 1796) 12200: 12191: 12189: 12183: 12182: 12180: 12179: 12177:Peace of Basel 12174: 12165: 12163: 12157: 12156: 12154: 12153: 12145: 12137: 12132: 12124: 12116: 12108: 12100: 12091: 12082: 12080: 12074: 12073: 12071: 12070: 12062: 12057: 12049: 12041: 12036: 12031: 12026: 12021: 12019:Siege of Mainz 12016: 12011: 12003: 11995: 11990: 11985: 11979: 11977: 11971: 11970: 11968: 11967: 11955: 11950: 11948:Siege of Mainz 11945: 11940: 11939: 11938: 11935: 11930: 11922: 11917: 11912: 11906: 11904: 11898: 11897: 11887: 11886: 11883: 11882: 11880: 11879: 11874: 11866: 11858: 11849: 11847: 11843: 11842: 11840: 11839: 11830: 11828: 11824: 11823: 11821: 11820: 11812: 11803: 11801: 11797: 11796: 11794: 11793: 11785: 11780:13 Vendémiaire 11777: 11776: 11775: 11770: 11757: 11749: 11740: 11738: 11734: 11733: 11731: 11730: 11722: 11714: 11705: 11697: 11689: 11676: 11674: 11670: 11669: 11667: 11666: 11658: 11650: 11642: 11632: 11627:Levée en masse 11624: 11616: 11608: 11607: 11606: 11601: 11588: 11580: 11571: 11569: 11565: 11564: 11562: 11561: 11553: 11545: 11537: 11532:10th of August 11529: 11521: 11513: 11504: 11502: 11498: 11497: 11495: 11494: 11486: 11478: 11470: 11462: 11453: 11451: 11447: 11446: 11444: 11443: 11433: 11425: 11416: 11414:(Feb–Jul 1790) 11407: 11405: 11401: 11400: 11398: 11397: 11389: 11381: 11373: 11365: 11357: 11349: 11341: 11333: 11325: 11317: 11309: 11301: 11290: 11288: 11284: 11283: 11281: 11280: 11272: 11263: 11261: 11257: 11256: 11246: 11245: 11243: 11242: 11235: 11228: 11221: 11214: 11207: 11200: 11193: 11186: 11179: 11172: 11164: 11161: 11160: 11153: 11152: 11145: 11138: 11130: 11121: 11120: 11117: 11116: 11114: 11113: 11108: 11106:Longwood House 11103: 11102: 11101: 11091: 11086: 11081: 11076: 11071: 11066: 11061: 11056: 11050: 11048: 11044: 11043: 11041: 11040: 11035: 11030: 11025: 11020: 11015: 11010: 11005: 11000: 10995: 10990: 10985: 10980: 10975: 10970: 10965: 10960: 10955: 10950: 10945: 10940: 10934: 10932: 10928: 10927: 10925: 10924: 10919: 10914: 10909: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10884: 10883: 10882: 10872: 10867: 10862: 10857: 10851: 10849: 10843: 10842: 10840: 10839: 10834: 10829: 10824: 10819: 10814: 10812:Count of Feira 10809: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10759: 10754: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10734: 10729: 10724: 10719: 10714: 10709: 10707:Horatio Nelson 10704: 10699: 10694: 10688: 10686: 10678: 10677: 10675: 10674: 10669: 10664: 10659: 10654: 10649: 10644: 10639: 10634: 10629: 10624: 10619: 10617:Marshal Victor 10614: 10609: 10604: 10599: 10594: 10589: 10584: 10579: 10574: 10568: 10566: 10555: 10551: 10550: 10547: 10546: 10544: 10543: 10538: 10533: 10528: 10523: 10518: 10513: 10508: 10503: 10498: 10493: 10488: 10483: 10478: 10473: 10468: 10463: 10458: 10453: 10448: 10443: 10437: 10435: 10431: 10430: 10428: 10427: 10422: 10417: 10412: 10407: 10402: 10397: 10395:Arcis-sur-Aube 10392: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10362: 10357: 10352: 10347: 10342: 10337: 10332: 10327: 10322: 10316: 10314: 10310: 10309: 10307: 10306: 10301: 10296: 10291: 10286: 10281: 10276: 10271: 10266: 10261: 10256: 10251: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10231: 10226: 10221: 10216: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10180: 10178: 10174: 10173: 10171: 10170: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10138:Venta del Pozo 10135: 10130: 10125: 10120: 10115: 10110: 10105: 10100: 10095: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10075: 10070: 10065: 10060: 10055: 10050: 10045: 10040: 10035: 10030: 10025: 10020: 10015: 10013:Ciudad Rodrigo 10009: 10007: 10003: 10002: 10000: 9999: 9994: 9989: 9984: 9979: 9974: 9969: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9929: 9923: 9921: 9917: 9916: 9914: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9891:Ciudad Rodrigo 9888: 9883: 9877: 9875: 9871: 9870: 9868: 9867: 9865:Alba de Tormes 9862: 9857: 9852: 9847: 9842: 9837: 9832: 9827: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9787: 9782: 9777: 9772: 9767: 9765:Aspern-Essling 9762: 9757: 9752: 9747: 9742: 9737: 9732: 9727: 9722: 9717: 9712: 9707: 9702: 9697: 9692: 9687: 9682: 9677: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9632: 9626: 9624: 9620: 9619: 9617: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9520: 9518: 9514: 9513: 9511: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9444: 9442: 9438: 9437: 9435: 9434: 9429: 9424: 9419: 9414: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9369: 9367:Jena–Auerstedt 9364: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9344: 9338: 9336: 9332: 9331: 9329: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9252: 9250: 9246: 9245: 9243: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9206: 9204: 9195: 9189: 9188: 9185: 9184: 9182: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9166: 9161: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9141: 9139:Ottoman Empire 9136: 9131: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9106: 9101: 9099:United Kingdom 9095: 9093: 9085: 9084: 9082: 9081: 9076: 9071: 9069:Ottoman Empire 9066: 9064:Denmark–Norway 9061: 9060: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9007:Polish Legions 9004: 8998: 8996: 8983: 8977: 8976: 8974: 8973: 8966: 8959: 8952: 8945: 8942:Peninsular War 8938: 8931: 8923: 8920: 8919: 8912: 8911: 8904: 8897: 8889: 8880: 8879: 8872: 8870: 8868: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8812: 8807: 8802: 8797: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8736: 8734: 8727: 8724: 8723: 8712: 8711: 8704: 8697: 8689: 8680: 8679: 8677: 8676: 8674:king of Poland 8670: 8668:Danish monarch 8660: 8654: 8650: 8647: 8646: 8643: 8642: 8640: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8603: 8601: 8594: 8588: 8587: 8584: 8583: 8581: 8580: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8559: 8557: 8550: 8539: 8538: 8535: 8534: 8532: 8531: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8503: 8501: 8494: 8474: 8473: 8470: 8469: 8467: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8430: 8428: 8421: 8415: 8414: 8411: 8410: 8408: 8407: 8400: 8390: 8383: 8376: 8373:Svante Nilsson 8369: 8362: 8352: 8345: 8342:House of Bonde 8335: 8328: 8321: 8314: 8311:House of Bonde 8304: 8297: 8287: 8274: 8271:House of Bonde 8264: 8251: 8241: 8238:Charles (VIII) 8234: 8224: 8221:Charles (VIII) 8217: 8207: 8188: 8186: 8179: 8171: 8165: 8164: 8161: 8160: 8158: 8157: 8151: 8149: 8142: 8136: 8135: 8132: 8131: 8129: 8128: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8093: 8091: 8084: 8078: 8077: 8074: 8073: 8071: 8070: 8063: 8058: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8022: 8017: 8003: 7996: 7990: 7988: 7987:c. 1130 – 1250 7981: 7969: 7968: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7961: 7947: 7942: 7933: 7931:Inge the Elder 7928: 7923: 7921:Inge the Elder 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7888: 7886: 7877: 7871: 7870: 7867: 7866: 7864: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7842: 7840: 7830: 7824: 7823: 7816: 7815: 7808: 7801: 7793: 7784: 7783: 7781: 7780: 7774: 7768: 7766:Danish monarch 7762: 7758: 7755: 7754: 7751: 7750: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7731: 7724: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7712: 7711: 7708: 7707: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7678: 7671: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7659: 7658: 7655: 7654: 7652: 7647: 7645: 7638: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7626: 7625: 7622: 7621: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7562: 7555: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7547:Denmark–Norway 7543: 7542: 7539: 7538: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7497: 7490: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7478: 7477: 7474: 7473: 7471: 7470: 7465: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7440: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7377:Sigurd II Munn 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7352:Olav Magnusson 7349: 7344: 7339: 7337:Olaf III Kyrre 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7309:Sweyn Knutsson 7293: 7288: 7269: 7264: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7230: 7228: 7221: 7202: 7201: 7191: 7190: 7183: 7176: 7168: 7159: 7158: 7152: 7149: 7148: 7141: 7139: 7137: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7114: 7107: 7100: 7093: 7086: 7079: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7055: 7048: 7041: 7033: 7030: 7029: 7022: 7021: 7014: 7007: 6999: 6990: 6989: 6972: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6965: 6959: 6957: 6953: 6952: 6950: 6949: 6944: 6938: 6936: 6932: 6931: 6929: 6928: 6922: 6920: 6916: 6915: 6913: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6886: 6884: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6855: 6853: 6849: 6848: 6846: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6819: 6817: 6813: 6812: 6810: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6788: 6786: 6782: 6781: 6779: 6778: 6773: 6767: 6765: 6764:9th generation 6761: 6760: 6758: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6736: 6734: 6733:8th generation 6730: 6729: 6727: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6710: 6708: 6707:7th generation 6704: 6703: 6701: 6700: 6694: 6692: 6691:6th generation 6688: 6687: 6685: 6684: 6679: 6673: 6671: 6670:5th generation 6667: 6666: 6664: 6663: 6657: 6655: 6654:4th generation 6651: 6650: 6648: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6621: 6619: 6618:3rd generation 6615: 6614: 6612: 6611: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6583: 6581: 6580:2nd generation 6577: 6576: 6574: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6552: 6550: 6549:1st generation 6546: 6545: 6522: 6519: 6518: 6511: 6510: 6503: 6496: 6488: 6479: 6478: 6465: 6462: 6461: 6458: 6457: 6454: 6453: 6451: 6450: 6445: 6439: 6437: 6433: 6432: 6430: 6429: 6426:Princess Sofia 6423: 6416: 6414: 6410: 6409: 6407: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6390: 6388: 6380: 6379: 6367: 6366: 6363: 6362: 6359: 6358: 6356: 6355: 6349: 6347: 6343: 6342: 6340: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6313: 6311: 6307: 6306: 6304: 6303: 6297: 6290: 6288: 6284: 6283: 6281: 6280: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6261:Prince Sigvard 6258: 6252: 6250: 6242: 6241: 6229: 6228: 6225: 6224: 6221: 6220: 6218: 6217: 6214:Prince Lennart 6210: 6208: 6204: 6203: 6201: 6200: 6194: 6188: 6181: 6179: 6175: 6174: 6172: 6171: 6165: 6162:Prince Wilhelm 6159: 6152: 6150: 6142: 6141: 6129: 6128: 6125: 6124: 6121: 6120: 6118: 6117: 6111: 6106: 6100: 6093: 6091: 6087: 6086: 6084: 6083: 6077: 6074:Queen Victoria 6070: 6068: 6064: 6063: 6061: 6060: 6054: 6048: 6042: 6035: 6033: 6025: 6024: 6012: 6011: 6008: 6007: 6004: 6003: 6001: 6000: 5994: 5987: 5985: 5977: 5976: 5964: 5963: 5960: 5959: 5956: 5955: 5953: 5952: 5946: 5940: 5933: 5931: 5927: 5926: 5924: 5923: 5917: 5911: 5905: 5899: 5892: 5890: 5882: 5881: 5869: 5868: 5865: 5864: 5861: 5860: 5858: 5857: 5850: 5848: 5844: 5843: 5841: 5840: 5833: 5831: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5823: 5817: 5815: 5807: 5806: 5794: 5793: 5786: 5785: 5778: 5771: 5763: 5755: 5754: 5749: 5746: 5737: 5732: 5728: 5727: 5723: 5722: 5714: 5709: 5700: 5694: 5693: 5688: 5685: 5676:King of Sweden 5672: 5667: 5663: 5662: 5661:Regnal titles 5658: 5657: 5637: 5634: 5629: 5628: 5612: 5604: 5590: 5589:External links 5587: 5586: 5585: 5578: 5568: 5561: 5554: 5544: 5534: 5533: 5532: 5516: 5513: 5512: 5511: 5489: 5479:Chisholm, Hugh 5448: 5447: 5438: 5425: 5419: 5406: 5374: 5373: 5360: 5354: 5341: 5332: 5323: 5314: 5308: 5295: 5286: 5277: 5271: 5258: 5252: 5239: 5233: 5216: 5210: 5197: 5188: 5183:978-2340006058 5182: 5169: 5156: 5147: 5138: 5129: 5120: 5109: 5100: 5086: 5077: 5071: 5056: 5053: 5050: 5049: 5042: 5024: 4992: 4980: 4974:978-0674063778 4973: 4955: 4949:978-1906787394 4948: 4928: 4922:978-9719165545 4921: 4912:La Solidaridad 4901: 4895:978-0571313211 4894: 4874: 4860: 4829: 4796: 4767: 4738: 4722: 4710: 4688: 4671:Riksarkivet. " 4664: 4642: 4620: 4579: 4549: 4540: 4537:Sjostrom, Olof 4529: 4527:, p. 248. 4514: 4484: 4454: 4452:, p. 374. 4442: 4430: 4418: 4414:Killham (1993) 4406: 4394: 4392:, p. 286. 4382: 4373: 4371:, p. 222. 4361: 4326: 4314: 4302: 4290: 4278: 4266: 4254: 4242: 4240:, p. 307. 4230: 4218: 4206: 4197: 4185: 4173: 4171:, p. 265. 4161: 4159:, p. 259. 4149: 4137: 4125: 4123:, p. 181. 4113: 4101: 4088: 4079: 4067: 4052: 4040: 4038:, p. 251. 4028: 4016: 3973: 3961: 3949: 3920: 3908: 3892: 3880: 3865: 3852:978-1137455475 3851: 3826: 3796: 3794:, p. 158. 3784: 3772: 3760: 3748: 3746:, p. 153. 3736: 3724: 3712: 3700: 3688: 3676: 3664: 3662:, p. 209. 3652: 3640: 3631: 3622: 3610: 3598: 3596:, p. 179. 3583: 3581:, p. xlv. 3568: 3556: 3544: 3532: 3517: 3502: 3490: 3478: 3463: 3461:, p. 284. 3448: 3446:, p. 765. 3436: 3434:, p. 135. 3421: 3409: 3407:, p. 143. 3397: 3385: 3381:Foucart (1887) 3373: 3361: 3346: 3344:, p. 932. 3307: 3298: 3286: 3274: 3265: 3250: 3238: 3220:978-9004181540 3219: 3194: 3182: 3170: 3158: 3146: 3134: 3122: 3110: 3098: 3086: 3074: 3072:, p. 571. 3027: 3012: 3000: 2988: 2976: 2964: 2952: 2940: 2928: 2916: 2904: 2892: 2880: 2878:, p. 931. 2851: 2825: 2813: 2811:, p. 128. 2801: 2785: 2773: 2751: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2744: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2716: 2713: 2706:Allison Pataki 2700:New York Times 2692:Michael Rennie 2682:in 1954, with 2609: 2606: 2603: 2602: 2591: 2580: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2558: 2549: 2540: 2539: 2538: 2528: 2512: 2498: 2485: 2484: 2483: 2481:30 August 1813 2475:Knight of the 2473: 2468:Knight of the 2466: 2464:30 August 1812 2458:Knight of the 2456: 2454:30 August 1812 2448:Knight of the 2443: 2442: 2441: 2433:Knight of the 2431: 2415: 2402: 2401: 2400: 2391: 2381: 2373:Knight of the 2365: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2338: 2337: 2336: 2335: 2333:21 August 1810 2327:Knight of the 2325: 2315: 2313:21 August 1810 2305: 2303:21 August 1810 2295: 2293:21 August 1810 2285: 2283:21 August 1810 2277:Knight of the 2272: 2263: 2248: 2245: 2244: 2243: 2240: 2226: 2203: 2200:Karljohansvern 2192: 2179: 2176: 2134: 2131: 2127:silver jubilee 2115:Rabulist riots 2029: 1972: 1969: 1946:personal union 1922:Treaty of Kiel 1758:foreign policy 1719: 1703:Fredric Westin 1688: 1685: 1656:Generalissimus 1650:to be the new 1596:Charles August 1567: 1564: 1543:National Guard 1469:Peninsular War 1285:great movement 1223: 1220: 1102:18th Fructidor 1023:'s victory at 982: 979: 967:Adjutant-Major 934: 931: 871: 868: 841:Treaty of Kiel 694:. During the 688:Karl III Johan 668:King of Sweden 664:Karl XIV Johan 651: 650: 647: 646: 644: 643: 640: 634: 632: 628: 627: 625: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 599: 594: 589: 584: 579: 574: 568: 566: 562: 561: 559: 558: 553: 548: 542: 540: 536: 535: 533: 532: 523: 520: 517: 512: 507: 502: 499: 493: 487: 480: 478: 474: 473: 460: 456: 455: 452: 448: 447: 445: 444: 439: 434: 429: 424: 419: 413: 411: 407: 406: 402: 401: 398: 397: 390: 386: 385: 383:Roman Catholic 373: 369: 368: 365: 361: 360: 352: 348: 347: 342: 336: 335: 332: 331: 321: 320: 312: 311: 306: 300: 299: 288: 282: 281: 279: 275: 274: 269: 265: 261: 260: 251:(aged 81) 245: 241: 240: 223: 219: 218: 215: 214: 211: 210: 207: 206: 203: 202: 197: 191: 190: 185: 179: 178: 168: 167: 161: 160: 157: 156: 151: 147: 146: 143: 139: 138: 132: 131: 126: 122: 121: 116: 112: 111: 109: 108: 98: 87: 85: 81: 80: 77: 73: 72: 66:King of Sweden 62: 61: 52: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15340: 15329: 15326: 15324: 15321: 15319: 15316: 15314: 15311: 15309: 15306: 15304: 15301: 15299: 15296: 15294: 15291: 15289: 15286: 15284: 15281: 15279: 15276: 15274: 15271: 15269: 15266: 15264: 15261: 15259: 15256: 15254: 15251: 15249: 15246: 15244: 15241: 15239: 15236: 15234: 15231: 15229: 15226: 15224: 15221: 15219: 15216: 15214: 15211: 15209: 15206: 15204: 15201: 15199: 15196: 15194: 15191: 15189: 15186: 15184: 15181: 15179: 15176: 15174: 15171: 15169: 15166: 15164: 15161: 15159: 15156: 15154: 15151: 15149: 15146: 15144: 15141: 15139: 15136: 15135: 15133: 15117: 15107: 15104: 15102: 15099: 15097: 15094: 15092: 15089: 15087: 15084: 15082: 15081:Bernhard Paus 15079: 15077: 15074: 15072: 15069: 15067: 15064: 15062: 15059: 15057: 15054: 15052: 15049: 15047: 15044: 15042: 15039: 15037: 15036:King Oscar II 15034: 15032: 15029: 15027: 15024: 15022: 15019: 15018: 15015: 15011: 15007: 15006:Grand Masters 15000: 14995: 14993: 14988: 14986: 14981: 14980: 14977: 14967: 14962: 14956: 14953: 14952: 14950: 14946: 14940: 14937: 14935: 14932: 14930: 14927: 14925: 14922: 14920: 14917: 14916: 14914: 14910: 14904: 14901: 14899: 14896: 14894: 14891: 14889: 14886: 14884: 14881: 14879: 14876: 14874: 14871: 14869: 14866: 14864: 14861: 14860: 14858: 14854: 14848: 14845: 14843: 14840: 14838: 14835: 14833: 14830: 14828: 14825: 14824: 14822: 14818: 14814: 14806: 14801: 14799: 14794: 14792: 14787: 14786: 14783: 14771: 14767: 14765: 14761: 14760: 14757: 14747: 14744: 14742: 14739: 14737: 14734: 14732: 14729: 14728: 14726: 14722: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14708: 14706: 14703: 14701: 14698: 14696: 14693: 14692: 14690: 14686: 14680: 14679:Joseph Fouché 14677: 14675: 14672: 14670: 14667: 14665: 14662: 14660: 14657: 14655: 14652: 14650: 14647: 14645: 14642: 14641: 14639: 14635: 14629: 14626: 14624: 14621: 14619: 14616: 14614: 14611: 14609: 14606: 14605: 14603: 14599: 14593: 14590: 14588: 14585: 14583: 14580: 14578: 14575: 14573: 14570: 14568: 14565: 14563: 14560: 14559: 14557: 14553: 14547: 14544: 14542: 14539: 14537: 14534: 14532: 14529: 14527: 14524: 14523: 14521: 14517: 14511: 14508: 14506: 14503: 14501: 14498: 14497: 14495: 14491: 14488: 14484: 14479: 14469: 14466: 14464: 14461: 14459: 14456: 14454: 14451: 14449: 14446: 14444: 14441: 14439: 14436: 14434: 14431: 14429: 14426: 14424: 14421: 14419: 14416: 14414: 14411: 14409: 14408:Lazare Carnot 14406: 14405: 14403: 14399: 14394: 14387: 14382: 14380: 14375: 14373: 14368: 14367: 14364: 14348: 14345: 14343: 14340: 14338: 14335: 14333: 14330: 14328: 14325: 14323: 14320: 14318: 14315: 14312: 14311: 14310:Sans-culottes 14306: 14302: 14299: 14298: 14297: 14294: 14292: 14289: 14287: 14284: 14282: 14281:Metric system 14279: 14277: 14274: 14271: 14270: 14265: 14263: 14260: 14258: 14255: 14253: 14250: 14247: 14246: 14241: 14239: 14236: 14234: 14231: 14228: 14227: 14222: 14221: 14218: 14211: 14207: 14197: 14194: 14192: 14189: 14187: 14184: 14182: 14179: 14177: 14174: 14172: 14169: 14167: 14164: 14162: 14159: 14157: 14154: 14152: 14149: 14147: 14144: 14142: 14139: 14137: 14134: 14132: 14129: 14127: 14124: 14122: 14121: 14117: 14116: 14113: 14106: 14102: 14088: 14085: 14081: 14080:Panthéon Club 14078: 14076: 14073: 14072: 14071: 14068: 14067: 14065: 14061: 14055: 14052: 14050: 14047: 14045: 14042: 14040: 14037: 14035: 14032: 14030: 14027: 14025: 14022: 14020: 14017: 14015: 14012: 14010: 14007: 14005: 14002: 14000: 13997: 13995: 13992: 13990: 13987: 13985: 13982: 13980: 13977: 13975: 13972: 13970: 13969:Joachim Murat 13967: 13965: 13962: 13960: 13957: 13955: 13952: 13950: 13947: 13945: 13942: 13940: 13937: 13935: 13932: 13930: 13927: 13925: 13922: 13920: 13917: 13915: 13912: 13910: 13907: 13905: 13902: 13901: 13899: 13895: 13892: 13888: 13882: 13879: 13877: 13874: 13872: 13869: 13867: 13864: 13862: 13859: 13857: 13854: 13852: 13849: 13847: 13844: 13842: 13839: 13837: 13834: 13832: 13829: 13827: 13824: 13822: 13819: 13817: 13814: 13812: 13809: 13807: 13804: 13802: 13799: 13797: 13794: 13792: 13789: 13788: 13786: 13784: 13783: 13777: 13773: 13767: 13764: 13762: 13759: 13757: 13754: 13752: 13749: 13747: 13746:Gilbert Romme 13744: 13742: 13739: 13737: 13734: 13732: 13729: 13727: 13724: 13722: 13719: 13717: 13714: 13712: 13709: 13707: 13704: 13702: 13699: 13697: 13694: 13692: 13689: 13687: 13684: 13682: 13679: 13677: 13674: 13672: 13669: 13667: 13664: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13652: 13649: 13647: 13644: 13642: 13639: 13638: 13636: 13634: 13630: 13624: 13621: 13619: 13616: 13614: 13611: 13609: 13606: 13604: 13601: 13599: 13596: 13594: 13591: 13589: 13586: 13584: 13581: 13579: 13576: 13574: 13571: 13569: 13568:de Cambacérès 13566: 13564: 13561: 13560: 13558: 13556: 13552: 13546: 13543: 13541: 13538: 13536: 13533: 13531: 13528: 13526: 13523: 13521: 13518: 13516: 13513: 13511: 13508: 13506: 13503: 13501: 13498: 13496: 13493: 13491: 13487: 13485: 13484:Madame Roland 13482: 13480: 13477: 13475: 13472: 13471: 13469: 13467: 13463: 13457: 13454: 13452: 13449: 13447: 13444: 13442: 13439: 13437: 13434: 13432: 13429: 13427: 13424: 13422: 13421:André Chénier 13419: 13417: 13414: 13412: 13409: 13407: 13404: 13402: 13399: 13397: 13394: 13392: 13389: 13387: 13384: 13382: 13379: 13377: 13376:Grace Elliott 13374: 13373: 13371: 13368: 13367: 13361: 13356: 13350: 13347: 13345: 13342: 13340: 13337: 13335: 13332: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13322: 13320: 13317: 13315: 13312: 13311: 13309: 13307: 13303: 13296: 13292: 13278: 13275: 13273: 13270: 13269: 13267: 13265: 13260: 13254: 13248: 13245: 13243: 13240: 13238: 13235: 13234: 13232: 13230: 13225: 13219: 13213: 13210: 13208: 13205: 13204: 13202: 13200: 13195: 13189: 13183: 13180: 13179: 13177: 13175: 13170: 13164: 13158: 13155: 13153: 13150: 13148: 13145: 13143: 13140: 13137: 13136: 13134: 13132: 13127: 13121: 13115: 13112: 13110: 13107: 13105: 13099: 13097: 13094: 13092: 13089: 13087: 13084: 13082: 13076: 13074: 13071: 13069: 13063: 13061: 13055: 13053: 13047: 13045: 13042: 13040: 13034: 13032: 13029: 13027: 13021: 13019: 13016: 13014: 13011: 13010: 13008: 13006: 13001: 12995: 12992: 12990: 12986: 12976: 12973: 12972: 12970: 12968: 12964: 12958: 12955: 12953: 12950: 12948: 12945: 12943: 12940: 12938: 12937:Joseph Souham 12935: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12923: 12920: 12918: 12915: 12913: 12910: 12908: 12905: 12903: 12900: 12896: 12891: 12888: 12886: 12883: 12881: 12880:Joachim Murat 12878: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12860:André Masséna 12858: 12856: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12841: 12838: 12836: 12833: 12831: 12828: 12826: 12823: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12813: 12811: 12808: 12806: 12803: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12761: 12758: 12756: 12753: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12743: 12741: 12738: 12736: 12733: 12731: 12728: 12726: 12723: 12721: 12718: 12716: 12713: 12711: 12708: 12706: 12703: 12701: 12698: 12696: 12693: 12691: 12688: 12686: 12683: 12681: 12678: 12677: 12675: 12673: 12669: 12666: 12664: 12659: 12653: 12646: 12642: 12631:(25 Jun 1802) 12629: 12626: 12623:(25 Mar 1802) 12621: 12618: 12617: 12615: 12611: 12602: 12599: 12596:(18 Mar 1801) 12594: 12591: 12586: 12583: 12582: 12580: 12578: 12574: 12565: 12562: 12557: 12554: 12551:(15 Jun 1800) 12549: 12546: 12543:(14 Jun 1800) 12541: 12538: 12537: 12535: 12533: 12529: 12520: 12517: 12514:(15 Aug 1799) 12512: 12509: 12504: 12501: 12496: 12493: 12488: 12485: 12480: 12477: 12474:(25 Mar 1799) 12472: 12469: 12464: 12461: 12456: 12455:Siege of Acre 12453: 12448: 12445: 12444: 12442: 12440: 12436: 12427: 12426:Peasants' War 12424: 12419: 12416: 12411: 12408: 12403: 12400: 12395: 12392: 12391: 12389: 12387: 12383: 12376:(17 Oct 1797) 12374: 12371: 12368:(18 Apr 1797) 12366: 12363: 12360:(17 Apr 1797) 12358: 12355: 12352:(25 Jan 1797) 12350: 12347: 12342: 12339: 12336:(13 Jan 1797) 12334: 12331: 12326: 12323: 12322: 12320: 12318: 12314: 12305: 12302: 12297: 12294: 12289: 12286: 12281: 12278: 12275:(26 Oct 1796) 12273: 12270: 12267:(19 Oct 1796) 12265: 12262: 12257: 12254: 12249: 12246: 12241: 12238: 12235:(24 Aug 1796) 12233: 12230: 12227:(11 Aug 1796) 12225: 12222: 12220: 12217: 12212: 12209: 12204: 12201: 12196: 12193: 12192: 12190: 12188: 12184: 12178: 12175: 12170: 12167: 12166: 12164: 12162: 12158: 12149: 12146: 12141: 12138: 12136: 12133: 12130:(26 Jun 1794) 12128: 12125: 12120: 12117: 12114:(22 May 1794) 12112: 12109: 12106:(18 May 1794) 12104: 12101: 12095: 12092: 12089:(24 Apr 1794) 12087: 12084: 12083: 12081: 12079: 12075: 12066: 12063: 12061: 12058: 12055:(13 Oct 1793) 12053: 12050: 12045: 12042: 12040: 12037: 12035: 12032: 12030: 12027: 12025: 12022: 12020: 12017: 12015: 12012: 12007: 12004: 12001:(23 May 1793) 11999: 11996: 11994: 11991: 11989: 11986: 11984: 11981: 11980: 11978: 11976: 11972: 11964: 11959: 11956: 11954: 11951: 11949: 11946: 11944: 11941: 11936: 11934: 11931: 11929: 11926: 11925: 11923: 11921: 11918: 11916: 11913: 11911: 11908: 11907: 11905: 11903: 11899: 11892: 11888: 11878: 11875: 11872:(24 Dec 1799) 11870: 11867: 11862: 11859: 11856:(18 Jun 1799) 11854: 11851: 11850: 11848: 11844: 11837:(11 May 1798) 11835: 11832: 11831: 11829: 11825: 11816: 11813: 11808: 11805: 11804: 11802: 11798: 11789: 11786: 11781: 11778: 11774: 11771: 11769: 11766: 11765: 11761: 11758: 11755:(22 Aug 1795) 11753: 11750: 11745: 11742: 11741: 11739: 11735: 11728:(11 Nov 1794) 11726: 11723: 11718: 11715: 11712:(28 Jul 1794) 11709: 11706: 11703:(27 Jul 1794) 11701: 11698: 11695:(10 Jun 1794) 11693: 11690: 11685: 11681: 11678: 11677: 11675: 11671: 11662: 11659: 11656:(16 Oct 1793) 11654: 11651: 11648:(17 Sep 1793) 11646: 11643: 11638: 11637: 11633: 11630:(23 Aug 1793) 11628: 11625: 11622:(13 Jul 1793) 11620: 11617: 11612: 11609: 11605: 11602: 11600: 11597: 11596: 11592: 11589: 11584: 11581: 11578:(21 Jan 1793) 11576: 11573: 11572: 11570: 11566: 11559:(22 Sep 1792) 11557: 11554: 11549: 11546: 11541: 11538: 11535:(10 Aug 1792) 11533: 11530: 11525: 11522: 11519:(25 Jul 1792) 11517: 11514: 11511:(20 Apr 1792) 11509: 11506: 11505: 11503: 11499: 11490: 11487: 11482: 11479: 11476:(27 Aug 1791) 11474: 11471: 11468:(17 Jul 1791) 11466: 11463: 11458: 11455: 11454: 11452: 11448: 11441:(14 Jul 1790) 11439: 11438: 11434: 11431:(12 Jul 1790) 11429: 11426: 11423:(23 Jun 1790) 11421: 11417: 11412: 11409: 11408: 11406: 11402: 11393: 11390: 11385: 11382: 11379:(26 Aug 1789) 11377: 11374: 11369: 11366: 11361: 11358: 11355:(14 Jul 1789) 11353: 11350: 11345: 11342: 11339:(20 Jun 1789) 11337: 11334: 11329: 11326: 11323:(4 June 1789) 11321: 11318: 11313: 11310: 11307:(28 Apr 1789) 11305: 11302: 11297: 11296: 11292: 11291: 11289: 11285: 11278:(21 Jul 1788) 11276: 11273: 11268: 11265: 11264: 11262: 11258: 11251: 11247: 11241: 11240: 11236: 11234: 11233: 11229: 11227: 11226: 11222: 11220: 11219: 11215: 11213: 11212: 11208: 11206: 11205: 11201: 11199: 11198: 11194: 11192: 11191: 11187: 11185: 11184: 11183:Ancien Régime 11180: 11178: 11177: 11173: 11171: 11170: 11166: 11165: 11162: 11158: 11151: 11146: 11144: 11139: 11137: 11132: 11131: 11128: 11112: 11109: 11107: 11104: 11100: 11097: 11096: 11095: 11092: 11090: 11087: 11085: 11082: 11080: 11077: 11075: 11072: 11070: 11067: 11065: 11062: 11060: 11057: 11055: 11052: 11051: 11049: 11047:Miscellaneous 11045: 11039: 11036: 11034: 11031: 11029: 11026: 11024: 11021: 11019: 11016: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11001: 10999: 10996: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10986: 10984: 10981: 10979: 10976: 10974: 10971: 10969: 10966: 10964: 10961: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10935: 10933: 10929: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10881: 10878: 10877: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10868: 10866: 10863: 10861: 10858: 10856: 10853: 10852: 10850: 10844: 10838: 10835: 10833: 10830: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10722:Manuel Lapeña 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10689: 10687: 10679: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10652:Prince Eugène 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10608: 10605: 10603: 10602:André Masséna 10600: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10588: 10585: 10583: 10582:Joachim Murat 10580: 10578: 10575: 10573: 10570: 10569: 10567: 10559: 10556: 10552: 10542: 10539: 10537: 10534: 10532: 10529: 10527: 10526:Rocheserviere 10524: 10522: 10519: 10517: 10514: 10512: 10509: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10499: 10497: 10494: 10492: 10489: 10487: 10484: 10482: 10479: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10467: 10464: 10462: 10459: 10457: 10454: 10452: 10449: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10439: 10438: 10436: 10432: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10358: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10331: 10328: 10326: 10323: 10321: 10318: 10317: 10315: 10311: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10275: 10272: 10270: 10267: 10265: 10262: 10260: 10257: 10255: 10252: 10250: 10247: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10227: 10225: 10222: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10214:San Sebastián 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10181: 10179: 10175: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10099: 10096: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10041: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10026: 10024: 10021: 10019: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10010: 10008: 10004: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9973: 9970: 9968: 9965: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9955: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9924: 9922: 9918: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9878: 9876: 9872: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9848: 9846: 9843: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9775:Sankt Michael 9773: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9728: 9726: 9723: 9721: 9718: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9708: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9691: 9690:Teugen-Hausen 9688: 9686: 9683: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9633: 9631: 9628: 9627: 9625: 9621: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9521: 9519: 9515: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9445: 9443: 9439: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9339: 9337: 9333: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9253: 9251: 9247: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9207: 9205: 9203: 9199: 9196: 9190: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9096: 9094: 9092: 9086: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9062: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9039: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8999: 8997: 8993: 8992:client states 8987: 8984: 8978: 8972: 8971: 8967: 8965: 8964: 8960: 8958: 8957: 8953: 8951: 8950: 8946: 8944: 8943: 8939: 8937: 8936: 8932: 8930: 8929: 8925: 8924: 8921: 8917: 8910: 8905: 8903: 8898: 8896: 8891: 8890: 8887: 8876: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8798: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8737: 8731: 8725: 8721: 8717: 8710: 8705: 8703: 8698: 8696: 8691: 8690: 8687: 8675: 8671: 8669: 8665: 8661: 8659: 8655: 8652: 8651: 8648: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8604: 8602: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8589: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8560: 8558: 8554: 8551: 8548: 8544: 8540: 8530: 8529: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8504: 8502: 8498: 8495: 8492: 8491: 8485: 8481: 8475: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8431: 8429: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8416: 8406: 8405: 8401: 8398: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8388: 8384: 8382: 8381: 8377: 8375: 8374: 8370: 8368: 8367: 8363: 8360: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8350: 8346: 8343: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8333: 8329: 8327: 8326: 8322: 8320: 8319: 8315: 8312: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8302: 8298: 8295: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8285: 8280: 8279: 8275: 8272: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8262: 8257: 8256: 8252: 8249: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8239: 8235: 8232: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8222: 8218: 8215: 8211: 8208: 8205: 8201: 8197: 8193: 8190: 8189: 8187: 8183: 8180: 8174: 8170: 8166: 8156: 8153: 8152: 8150: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8137: 8127: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8094: 8092: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8079: 8069: 8068: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8056: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8034:Knut Eriksson 8032: 8030: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8011: 8007: 8004: 8002: 8001: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7991: 7989: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7979: 7974: 7970: 7955: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7912:Håkan the Red 7910: 7908: 7907:Anund Gårdske 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7897:Eric and Eric 7895: 7893: 7890: 7889: 7887: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7872: 7862: 7861:Emund the Old 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7843: 7841: 7839:970 – c. 1060 7834: 7831: 7829: 7825: 7821: 7814: 7809: 7807: 7802: 7800: 7795: 7794: 7791: 7779: 7775: 7773: 7769: 7767: 7763: 7760: 7759: 7756: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7728: 7722: 7721: 7719: 7717: 7713: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7675: 7669: 7668: 7666: 7664: 7660: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7642: 7636: 7635: 7633: 7631: 7627: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7612:Christian VII 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7587:Frederick III 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7572:Christian III 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7559: 7553: 7552: 7550: 7548: 7544: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7519: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7494: 7488: 7487: 7485: 7483: 7479: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7438: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7421: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7394: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7317: 7316: 7311: 7310: 7305: 7304: 7299: 7298: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7286: 7281: 7280: 7275: 7274: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7262: 7257: 7256: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7231: 7229: 7225: 7222: 7216: 7207: 7203: 7199: 7196: 7189: 7184: 7182: 7177: 7175: 7170: 7169: 7166: 7156: 7150: 7145: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7119: 7115: 7113: 7112: 7108: 7106: 7105: 7101: 7099: 7098: 7094: 7092: 7091: 7087: 7085: 7084: 7080: 7078: 7077: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7060: 7056: 7054: 7053: 7049: 7047: 7046: 7042: 7040: 7039: 7035: 7034: 7031: 7027: 7020: 7015: 7013: 7008: 7006: 7001: 7000: 6997: 6987: 6983: 6979: 6975: 6970: 6964: 6961: 6960: 6958: 6954: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6933: 6927: 6924: 6923: 6921: 6917: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6887: 6885: 6881: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6856: 6854: 6850: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6828:King Gustaf V 6826: 6824: 6821: 6820: 6818: 6814: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6802:King Oscar II 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6789: 6787: 6783: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6768: 6766: 6762: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6737: 6735: 6731: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6711: 6709: 6705: 6699: 6696: 6695: 6693: 6689: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6674: 6672: 6668: 6662: 6659: 6658: 6656: 6652: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6622: 6620: 6616: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6584: 6582: 6578: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6561:King John III 6559: 6557: 6556:King Eric XIV 6554: 6553: 6551: 6547: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6530: 6529:House of Vasa 6526: 6520: 6516: 6509: 6504: 6502: 6497: 6495: 6490: 6489: 6486: 6476: 6472: 6468: 6463: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6436:Grandchildren 6434: 6427: 6424: 6421: 6420:Prince Daniel 6418: 6417: 6415: 6411: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6391: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6372: 6368: 6354: 6351: 6350: 6348: 6344: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6314: 6312: 6310:Grandchildren 6308: 6301: 6298: 6295: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6285: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6272:Prince Bertil 6270: 6268: 6265: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6253: 6251: 6247: 6243: 6239: 6234: 6230: 6215: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6207:Grandchildren 6205: 6198: 6195: 6192: 6189: 6186: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6176: 6169: 6166: 6163: 6160: 6157: 6154: 6153: 6151: 6147: 6143: 6139: 6134: 6130: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6104: 6101: 6098: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6090:Grandchildren 6088: 6081: 6078: 6075: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6065: 6058: 6055: 6052: 6049: 6046: 6043: 6040: 6039:King Gustaf V 6037: 6036: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6022: 6017: 6013: 5998: 5995: 5992: 5989: 5988: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5974: 5969: 5965: 5950: 5947: 5944: 5941: 5938: 5935: 5934: 5932: 5928: 5921: 5920:Prince August 5918: 5915: 5912: 5909: 5908:King Oscar II 5906: 5903: 5902:Prince Gustaf 5900: 5897: 5894: 5893: 5891: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5874: 5870: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5849: 5845: 5838: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5828: 5822: 5821:Queen Désirée 5819: 5818: 5816: 5812: 5808: 5804: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5784: 5779: 5777: 5772: 5770: 5765: 5764: 5761: 5752: 5743: 5742: 5735: 5729: 5724: 5721: 5720: 5713: 5706: 5705: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5682: 5681: 5677: 5670: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5647: 5642: 5641: 5632: 5625: 5624: 5618: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5602: 5597: 5593: 5592: 5583: 5579: 5576: 5572: 5569: 5566: 5562: 5559: 5558:History Today 5555: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5542: 5538: 5535: 5530: 5526: 5525: 5523: 5519: 5518: 5508: 5507: 5501: 5494: 5493:public domain 5490: 5486: 5485: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5467: 5466:public domain 5455: 5454: 5453: 5452: 5444: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5426: 5422: 5420:1-85367-435-4 5416: 5412: 5407: 5392: 5388: 5381: 5376: 5375: 5370: 5366: 5361: 5357: 5355:0-8093-1489-4 5351: 5347: 5342: 5338: 5333: 5329: 5324: 5320: 5315: 5311: 5305: 5301: 5296: 5293:(2): 127–138. 5292: 5287: 5283: 5278: 5274: 5272:0-929590-12-0 5268: 5264: 5259: 5255: 5249: 5245: 5240: 5236: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5217: 5213: 5211:1-85065-317-8 5207: 5203: 5198: 5194: 5189: 5185: 5179: 5175: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5157: 5153: 5148: 5144: 5139: 5135: 5130: 5126: 5121: 5117: 5116: 5110: 5106: 5101: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5078: 5074: 5072:0-7190-7152-6 5068: 5064: 5059: 5058: 5045: 5039: 5035: 5028: 5012: 5008: 5007: 5002: 4996: 4989: 4984: 4976: 4970: 4966: 4959: 4951: 4945: 4941: 4940: 4932: 4924: 4918: 4914: 4913: 4905: 4897: 4891: 4887: 4886: 4878: 4870: 4864: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4833: 4827: 4823: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4809: 4805: 4800: 4784: 4780: 4779: 4771: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4742: 4734: 4733: 4726: 4719: 4714: 4708: 4704: 4701: 4697: 4692: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4674: 4668: 4661: 4660:magasin.kb.se 4658: 4654: 4651: 4650:Posttidningar 4646: 4639: 4638:magasin.kb.se 4636: 4632: 4629: 4628:Posttidningar 4624: 4616: 4615: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4553: 4544: 4538: 4533: 4526: 4525:Palmer (1990) 4521: 4519: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4488: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4458: 4451: 4450:Barton (1930) 4446: 4439: 4434: 4427: 4422: 4415: 4410: 4403: 4398: 4391: 4386: 4377: 4370: 4365: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4323: 4322:Barton (1925) 4318: 4312:, p. 94. 4311: 4310:Barton (1925) 4306: 4299: 4294: 4287: 4286:Barton (1925) 4282: 4276:, p. 45. 4275: 4274:Berdah (2009) 4270: 4264:, p. 19. 4263: 4258: 4251: 4250:Favier (2010) 4246: 4239: 4234: 4228:, p. 32. 4227: 4226:Barton (1925) 4222: 4215: 4214:Palmer (1990) 4210: 4201: 4194: 4193:Barton (1925) 4189: 4183:, p. 13. 4182: 4177: 4170: 4169:Barton (1930) 4165: 4158: 4157:Barton (1930) 4153: 4146: 4145:Berdah (2009) 4141: 4134: 4133:Barton (1930) 4129: 4122: 4121:Palmer (1990) 4117: 4111:, p. 39. 4110: 4109:Berdah (2009) 4105: 4098: 4092: 4083: 4074: 4072: 4064: 4059: 4057: 4047: 4045: 4037: 4036:Barton (1930) 4032: 4025: 4020: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3970: 3969:Barton (1930) 3965: 3959:, p. 12. 3958: 3957:Favier (2010) 3953: 3937: 3933: 3927: 3925: 3917: 3916:Barton (1925) 3912: 3904: 3903: 3896: 3889: 3888:Barton (1921) 3884: 3877: 3876:Barton (1921) 3872: 3870: 3854: 3848: 3844: 3843: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3800: 3793: 3792:Favier (2010) 3788: 3781: 3780:Palmer (1990) 3776: 3769: 3768:Howard (2012) 3764: 3757: 3756:Barton (1921) 3752: 3745: 3744:Palmer (1990) 3740: 3733: 3728: 3721: 3720:Barton (1921) 3716: 3709: 3708:Barton (1921) 3704: 3697: 3692: 3685: 3684:Barton (1930) 3680: 3673: 3672:Barton (1921) 3668: 3661: 3660:Barton (1921) 3656: 3649: 3648:Barton (1921) 3644: 3635: 3626: 3619: 3618:Barton (1921) 3614: 3607: 3606:Palmer (1990) 3602: 3595: 3594:Barton (1921) 3590: 3588: 3580: 3575: 3573: 3565: 3564:Barton (1921) 3560: 3553: 3552:Barton (1921) 3548: 3541: 3540:Palmer (1990) 3536: 3529: 3528:Palmer (1990) 3524: 3522: 3514: 3513:Barton (1930) 3509: 3507: 3499: 3498:Barton (1921) 3494: 3488:, p. 19. 3487: 3486:Barton (1930) 3482: 3474: 3467: 3460: 3455: 3453: 3445: 3444:Alison (1836) 3440: 3433: 3432:Palmer (1990) 3428: 3426: 3418: 3417:Favier (2010) 3413: 3406: 3405:Barton (1921) 3401: 3394: 3393:Alison (1836) 3389: 3382: 3377: 3370: 3369:Titeux (1903) 3365: 3358: 3357:Barton (1921) 3353: 3351: 3343: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3302: 3295: 3294:Barton (1921) 3290: 3283: 3282:Barton (1921) 3278: 3269: 3261: 3254: 3247: 3246:Barton (1921) 3242: 3226: 3222: 3216: 3212: 3205: 3198: 3191: 3190:Barton (1930) 3186: 3180:, p. 88. 3179: 3178:Palmer (1990) 3174: 3168:, p. 84. 3167: 3166:Palmer (1990) 3162: 3156:, p. 61. 3155: 3154:Palmer (1990) 3150: 3143: 3142:Palmer (1990) 3138: 3132:, p. 43. 3131: 3130:Palmer (1990) 3126: 3120:, p. 44. 3119: 3118:Barton (1930) 3114: 3107: 3106:Palmer (1990) 3102: 3096:, p. 42. 3095: 3094:Palmer (1990) 3090: 3084:, p. 42. 3083: 3082:Barton (1930) 3078: 3071: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3024: 3023:Barton (1914) 3019: 3017: 3009: 3008:Barton (1914) 3004: 2997: 2996:Barton (1914) 2992: 2985: 2984:Barton (1914) 2980: 2973: 2972:Barton (1930) 2968: 2961: 2960:Barton (1914) 2956: 2950:, p. 15. 2949: 2948:Palmer (1990) 2944: 2938:, p. 11. 2937: 2936:Barton (1930) 2932: 2926:, p. 14. 2925: 2924:Barton (1930) 2920: 2913: 2912:Palmer (1990) 2908: 2901: 2900:Barton (1930) 2896: 2889: 2888:Palmer (1990) 2884: 2877: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2840: 2836: 2829: 2822: 2817: 2810: 2805: 2798: 2794: 2793:Barton (1925) 2789: 2782: 2777: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2756: 2752: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2718: 2712: 2710: 2707: 2703: 2701: 2695: 2693: 2689: 2686:as Napoleon, 2685: 2684:Marlon Brando 2681: 2680: 2674: 2672: 2668: 2663: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2647: 2641: 2635: 2629: 2628:Mort aux Rois 2623: 2619:'s 1833 play 2618: 2614: 2596: 2592: 2585: 2581: 2579: 2573: 2569: 2568: 2557: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2544: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2486: 2482: 2479:, 1st Class, 2478: 2474: 2471: 2467: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2446: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2353: 2352: 2345: 2343: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2324: 2320: 2319:Order of Vasa 2316: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2304: 2301:, 1st Class, 2300: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2253:French Empire 2251: 2250: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2227: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2181: 2175: 2173: 2169: 2163: 2159: 2152: 2147: 2139: 2130: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2111: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2077: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2056: 2052: 2050: 2046: 2039: 2033: 2028: 2024: 2022: 2014: 2009: 2003: 1998: 1992: 1991: 1985: 1977: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1949: 1947: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1925: 1923: 1919: 1918:secure Norway 1914: 1912: 1911:coup de grâce 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1855: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1826: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1810: 1808: 1802: 1800: 1799:Faroe Islands 1796: 1792: 1788: 1782: 1779: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1754: 1752: 1748: 1745:and countess 1744: 1740: 1736: 1729: 1723: 1718: 1716: 1715:Swedish court 1712: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1684: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1634:Although the 1632: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1617: 1613: 1607: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1577: 1572: 1563: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1531: 1529: 1524: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1488: 1486: 1481: 1476: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1437: 1434: 1425: 1421: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1371: 1368: 1364: 1359: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1340: 1333: 1332:Prussian Army 1329: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1293:Battle of Ulm 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1273: 1271: 1267: 1266:Bavarian Army 1263: 1259: 1254: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1233: 1228: 1219: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1193: 1189: 1187: 1181: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1170: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1152:Désirée Clary 1145: 1140: 1136: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1078: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1063:Army of Italy 1060: 1056: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1032: 1028: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1010: 1006: 1001: 999: 992: 987: 978: 976: 975:Ancien Régime 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 930: 927: 925: 921: 920:French Empire 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 881: 876: 867: 864: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 828: 826: 822: 818: 814: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 790:generalissimo 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 766: 764: 760: 756: 752: 751:Désirée Clary 748: 744: 740: 739:French Empire 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 703: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 648: 641: 639: 636: 635: 633: 629: 623: 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London: 5055:References 4990:# 52033733 2578:Pontecorvo 2576:Prince of 2340:He became 2117:after the 2104:Slottsgate 1931:, adopted 1890:Großbeeren 1770:Riksdalers 1762:Gustav III 1640:effrontery 1576:Norrköping 1574:Statue in 1560:Schönbrunn 1455:After the 1410:Königsberg 1367:St. Helena 1107:After the 1005:gasconades 953:, Vienne, 924:Napoleon I 904:prosecutor 743:Austerlitz 410:Allegiance 359:(adoptive) 345:Bernadotte 230:1763-01-26 15071:Carl Kaas 14486:Ministers 14401:Directors 13909:Louis XVI 13904:Charles X 13555:The Plain 13466:Girondins 13406:Lafayette 13067:(Walloon) 13049:Pál Kray 13025:(Walloon) 12567:(1800–02) 12418:Quasi-War 11877:Consulate 11763:(1795–99) 11218:Consulate 11211:Directory 11028:Casalanza 11003:Tauroggen 10958:Pressburg 10943:Lunéville 10848:conflicts 10681:Coalition 10531:La Suffel 10481:Tolentino 10365:Montereau 10350:Vauchamps 10299:Bornhöved 10254:Dennewitz 10199:Tarragona 10148:Chashniki 10048:Salamanca 9972:Tarragona 9896:Barquilla 9850:Almonacid 9810:Stockerau 9780:Stralsund 9750:2nd Porto 9730:Ebelsberg 9700:Abensberg 9670:1st Porto 9630:Castellón 9614:Benavente 9579:Valmaseda 9493:Friedland 9488:Heilsberg 9458:Ostrołęka 9448:Mohrungen 9382:Magdeburg 9311:Amstetten 9296:Trafalgar 9281:Elchingen 9266:Wertingen 9164:Brunswick 9089:Coalition 8800:MacDonald 8755:Bessières 8664:Norwegian 8556:1751–1818 8547:Oldenburg 8500:1654–1751 8464:Christina 8449:Sigismund 8427:1523–1654 8227:Eric XIII 8210:Eric XIII 8200:Eric XIII 8185:1389–1523 8148:1364–1389 8122:Magnus IV 8112:Magnus IV 8090:1250–1364 8067:Eric "XI" 8055:Eric "XI" 8006:Magnus II 7885:1160–1161 7677:1814–1905 7644:Only 1814 7561:1524–1814 7518:Charles I 7496:1387–1523 6527:, of the 5698:New title 5473:(1911). " 5400:9 January 5001:"Désirée" 4572:26 August 4507:14 August 4477:14 August 2653:") and a 1894:Dennewitz 1822:Stralsund 1791:Greenland 1616:Stockholm 1592:Charlotte 1556:Catalonia 1418:Mohrungen 1389:Corps to 1387:Blücher's 1328:Auerstädt 1208:Louisiana 1133:tricolour 1055:Directory 959:Île de Ré 955:Marseille 912:lay abbot 684:Norwegian 454:1780–1844 389:Signature 254:Stockholm 173:In office 150:Successor 125:Successor 106:, Norway) 96:, Sweden) 14688:Interior 14269:Panthéon 14257:Muscadin 14252:Marianne 14191:Voltaire 14070:Jacobins 14063:Factions 13603:Mirabeau 13059:(French) 11953:Jemappes 11937:Dauphiné 11420:Nobility 11232:Journals 11225:Glossary 11204:Republic 11176:Timeline 11099:Uniforms 11013:Chaumont 10931:Treaties 10632:Joseph I 10572:Napoleon 10516:Waterloo 10456:Casaglia 10420:Toulouse 10304:Sehested 10279:Bidassoa 10259:2nd Kulm 10244:1st Kulm 10234:Katzbach 10224:Sorauren 10219:Pyrenees 10184:Castalla 10168:Berezina 10158:Smoliani 10128:Tarutino 10113:Borodino 10103:Valutino 10093:Smolensk 10063:Ostrovno 10033:Maguilla 9997:Valencia 9987:Saguntum 9835:Talavera 9715:Ratisbon 9705:Landshut 9680:Bergisel 9675:Medellín 9589:Espinosa 9549:Valencia 9422:Czarnowo 9392:Pasewalk 9387:Prenzlau 9362:Saalfeld 9301:Caldiero 9271:Günzburg 9149:Sardinia 9124:Portugal 8850:Sérurier 8840:Pérignon 8795:Lefebvre 8750:Berthier 8740:Augereau 8716:Marshals 8627:Gustaf V 8622:Oscar II 8444:John III 8439:Eric XIV 8434:Gustav I 8192:Margaret 8175:indicate 8097:Valdemar 8044:Eric "X" 8029:Boleslaw 7950:Magnus I 7746:Harald V 7703:Oscar II 7507:Eric III 7502:Margaret 7227:872–1387 7134:Victoria 6525:Gustav I 6387:Children 6249:Children 6149:Children 6032:Children 5984:Children 5889:Children 5830:Children 5552:in JSTOR 4852:9 August 4846:Archived 4822:Archived 4811:Archived 4789:13 March 4783:Archived 4755:archived 4703:Archived 4676:Archived 4653:Archived 4631:Archived 4566:Archived 4501:Archived 4471:Archived 4348:Archived 4003:Archived 3936:Archived 3813:Archived 3225:Archived 2715:See also 2445:Russia: 2274:Sweden: 2247:National 2151:porphyry 2084:Storting 2021:de facto 1797:and the 1673:Henry IV 1523:Raasdorf 1509:Aderklaa 1433:Cossacks 1344:Naumburg 1339:Dornburg 1297:Salzburg 1164:Jacobins 1146:, France 1098:Gradisca 1019:. 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