2360:
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706:
473:
300:
1718:
1818:
1772:
596:, which killed scores of Chinese and drove all the rest out of Wyoming. He tried to build a complex network of alliances with other businesses, but they provided little help to the UP. He had great difficulty in making decisions and in coordinating his subordinates. Adams was unable to stanch the worsening financial condition of the UP, and in 1890 the railroad's owner
1704:
850:
44:
511:
Adams, who wished to lead his regiment in combat, was able to get horses for his regiment and had it reassigned to front-line duty during the closing days of the campaign against
Richmond. Adams wrote in his autobiography that he regretted having his unit reassigned since he came to the conclusion
563:
Following the Civil War, he was appointed to the
Massachusetts Railroad Commission. There he attempted to persuade (rather than coerce) railroads into compliance with accepted business norms. Thomas McCraw called Adams's approach to regulation "the Sunshine Commission," because the purpose of the
503:
On
September 8, 1864, he was commissioned as the lieutenant colonel of the 5th Massachusetts Cavalry (officially designated "5th Massachusetts Colored Volunteer Cavalry"). He was promoted to colonel and assumed command of the regiment on March 14, 1865, shortly before the end of the war. When he
568:. However, true to his regulatory philosophy, he favored the protection of businessmen over that of the consumers. He saw regulation as necessary to protect investors and other businessmen from the capriciousness of a hostile public or the machinations of other unscrupulous
512:
that the regiment's black soldiers were ill-suited for combat duty. He led his regiment into
Richmond shortly after it was captured in April 1865. Adams returned to Massachusetts in May due to illness (probably dysentery) and resigned from the Army on August 1, 1865.
588:(1878), but he had little practical experience in management. As railroad president, he was successful in getting a good press for the UP, and he set up libraries along the route to allow his employees to better themselves. He had poor results dealing with the
725:
On
November 8, 1865, he married Mary Hone Ogden (1843–1934), daughter of Edward and Caroline Callender Ogden. The couple had three daughters and twin sons, both of whom graduated from Harvard in 1898. The five children were:
927:
Before and After the Treaty of
Washington: The American Civil War and the War in the Transvaal. An address delivered before the New York Historical Society on its ninety-seventh anniversary, Tuesday, November 19,
2150:
Rand, John Clark. One of a
Thousand: A Series of Biographical Sketches of One Thousand Representative Men Resident in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, A. D. 1888–'89. Boston: First National Pub. Co., 1890, p.
1824:
1784:
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commission was to expose the corrupt business practices in the hope that, once out in the open, the businessmen would be shamed into mending their ways. It was in this vein that he wrote
3680:
645:
Adams also wrote an autobiography, completed in 1912 and published posthumously in 1916. At the beginning of the autobiography is a memorial address about Adams written by
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2250:
3715:
3710:
813:(Boston, 1892), a work that gives an account of the settlement of Boston Bay, of the Antinomian controversy, and of church and town government in early Massachusetts
638:
In 1875, he published an essay on "The
Granger Movement" in the North American Review. It exposed the railroad rate rigging and monopoly practices that prompted the
2215:
877:"'The Solid South' and the Afro-American Race Problem," "Speech of Charles Francis Adams at the Academy of Music, Richmond, Va., Saturday Evening, 24 October, 1908"
2434:
1731:
547:
3700:
702:
Adams represented the public on the board of arbitration in the industrial department of the
National Civic Confederation in New York city, December 17, 1901.
245:
433:
was a lawyer, politician, diplomat, and writer. His siblings were older sister Louisa
Catherine Adams, wife of Charles Kuhn, of Philadelphia; older brother
3735:
327:
2427:
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2141:
Harvard College. Memorial of the Harvard Class of 1856: Prepared for the Fifteenth Anniversary of Graduation. Cambridge: Geo. H. Ellis, 1906, pp. 1–7.
635:
in 1901. His writings and addresses on problems of railway management and other historical subjects frequently gave rise to widespread controversy.
543:, Maryland, and for meritorious services during the war" to rank from March 13, 1865, and the U. S. Senate confirmed the award on July 23, 1866.
406:. After the war, he was a railroad regulator and executive, an author of historical works, and a member of the Massachusetts Park Commission.
2259:
666:
Park Commission, and as such took a prominent part in planning the present park system of the state. He was influential in establishing the
627:
After 1874, he devoted much of his time to the study of American history. In recognition of his work, Adams became vice-president of the
500:. When the regiment's 3-year enlistment ended it was reduced to a battalion, and Adams was mustered out of service on September 1, 1864.
445:; Arthur Adams, who died in childhood; Mary Adams, who married Henry Parker Quincy, of Dedham, Massachusetts; and historian Peter Chardon
3675:
960:
394:(May 27, 1835 – March 20, 1915) was an American author, historian, and railroad and park commissioner who served as the president of the
876:
3745:
3705:
1805:
Americans of Royal Descent: A Collection of Genealogies of American Families Whose Lineage is traced to the Legitimate Issue of Kings.
682:
In 1900, he wrote an open letter to the President of the Massachusetts Single Tax League, declaring himself a supporter of the reform
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608:
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2006:
1914:
1874:
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1173:
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617:
581:
584:(UP) and in 1884 forced it to hire Adams as the new president. Adams had long promoted various reform ideas, as in his book
3725:
2251:
De Gruccio, Michael, "Manhood, Race, Failure, and Reconciliation: Charles Francis Adams Jr. and the American Civil War,"
2222:
485:
317:
3685:
914:
Tis Sixty Years Since. Address of Charles Francis Adams, Founders' Day, January 16, 1913, University of South Carolina
2308:
2041:(Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin for the Department of History, University of Wisconsin, 1974), 26–28.
306:
730:
Mary Ogden ("Molly") Adams (b. 1867), who married Grafton St. Loe Abbott (1856–1915), a son of U.S. Representative
628:
2291:
Garrett, Mrs. Wendell, "The Published Writings of Charles Francis Adams, II (1835-1915): An Annotated Checklist,"
2451:
1977:
953:
632:
866:"Lee's Centennial: An Address by Charles Francis Adams Delivered at Lexington Virginia Saturday January 19 1907"
1983:
2161:
3489:
3187:
1933:
1164:
3720:
621:
2260:
Egerton, Douglas, "The Fall of the House of Adams: Charles Francis Adams Jr. on Race and Public Service,"
3561:
1736:
671:
489:
908:
592:. When the union refused extra work in Wyoming in 1885, Adams hired Chinese workers. The result was the
3238:
3011:
946:
265:
847:(Boston and New York, 1900), in the American Statesmen series (biography of Charles Francis Adams Sr.)
747:
John Francis Adams (1875–1964), who married Marian Morse Adams (1878–1959). They were the parents of
3211:
3083:
2928:
2864:
2693:
1723:
1552:
1274:
438:
430:
418:, May 27, 1835, into a family with a long legacy in American public life. He was a great-grandson of
223:
2419:
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536:
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528:
355:
345:
261:
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3195:
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2920:
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2323:
Prophets of Regulation: Charles Francis Adams, Louis D. Brandeis, James M. Landis, Alfred E. Kahn
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909:
Published as a book, with "A few changes in language ... and a paragraph added." Boston, 1912
768:
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Captain Adams (second from right) with officers of the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry, August 1864
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Heirs of an Honored Name: The Decline of the Adams Family and the Rise of Modern America
1976:
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assumed command, the regiment was assigned guarding Confederate prisoners of war at
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Louisa Catherine Adams (1872–1958), who married Thomas Nelson Perkins (1870–1937).
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Technology and Reform: Street Railways and the Growth of Milwaukee, 1887–1900
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1428:
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2068:
Incident at Bitter Creek: The Story of the Rock Springs Chinese Massacre
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1846:
Adams, Henry, Levenson, J. C., Massachusetts Historical Society, et al.
1000:
903:
422:
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279:
2055:
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Adams was a Veteran Companion of the Massachusetts Commandery of the
2348:
895:
236:
Soldier, railroad commissioner, park commissioner, author, historian
687:
1777:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
631:
in 1890, he was chosen president of this society in 1895 and the
531:, "for distinguished gallantry and efficiency at the battles of
2295:, Third Series, Vol. 72 (Oct., 1957 - Dec., 1960), pp. 238-293.
415:
121:
2325:. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1984.
461:
460:
and was admitted to the bar in 1858. In 1895, he received an
449:, of Beverly Farms, Massachusetts, who married Evelyn Davis.
2162:"Thomas N. Perkins '91, Member of Corporation, Dies at Home"
1850:
Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989, pp. xxxvi–xxxvii.
2316:
Charles Francis Adams, Jr., 1835–1915: The Patrician at Bay
2094:
Charles Francis Adams, Jr., 1835–1915: The Patrician at Bay
823:
Antinomianism in the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, 1636–1638
492:
on December 1, 1862. He fought with distinction during the
2191:"Thomas B. Adams Dies at 86; Descendant of Two Presidents"
2021:, p. 4. Olde Soldier Books, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, 1990.
1807:
Philadelphia: Porter & Costes, 1891, ed. 2, pp. 68–69.
2001:, p. 739. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA, 2001.
2037:
Clay McShane discusses Adams's regulatory philosophy in
1732:
List of Massachusetts generals in the American Civil War
548:
Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States
1866:
Magna Charta Barons, 1915. Baronial Order of Runnemede
519:
nominated Colonel Adams for the award of the rank of
3681:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2303:. Olde Soldier Books, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, 1990.
1699:
558:
484:. He was commissioned as a first lieutenant in the
328:
5th Regiment Massachusetts Colored Volunteer Cavalry
3696:
Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
2293:
Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society
1848:
The Letters of Henry Adams, Volumes 4–6, 1892–1918.
1842:
1840:
920:Charles Francis Adams, 1835–1915: An Autobiography
3716:Presidents of the American Historical Association
3711:People of Massachusetts in the American Civil War
2349:"'Tis Sixty Years Since" by Charles Francis Adams
833:“Imperialism” and “The Tracks of Our Forefathers”
398:from 1884 to 1890. He served as a colonel in the
3642:
1934:"First Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Cavalry"
1837:
657:
2279:Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA, 2001.
2050:Robert G. Athearn, "A Brahmin in Buffaloland."
1971:
697:
496:, where his company was heavily engaged at the
2131:American Antiquarian Society Members Directory
1858:
1856:
882:"The Trent Affair: An Historical Retrospect".
456:in 1856 and then studied law in the office of
3701:Members of the American Philosophical Society
2435:
2182:
1907:Who Was Who in American History, the Military
954:
817:Massachusetts: Its Historians and Its History
2318:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1965.
1869:. Genealogical Publishing Com. p. 285.
744:Elizabeth Ogden ("Elise") Adams (1873–1945).
686:had proposed, which would later be known as
3736:Members of the American Antiquarian Society
2255:, Vol. 81, No. 4 (Dec., 2008), pp. 636-675.
2154:
1853:
2442:
2428:
1975:; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905).
961:
947:
662:From 1893 to 1895, he was chairman of the
480:Adams served in the Union Army during the
42:
3661:19th-century American railroad executives
2188:
1909:. Chicago: Marquis Who's Who, 1975. P. 2
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
763:Adams died May 20, 1915. He is buried in
652:
612:The signature of Charles Francis Adams II
575:
488:on December 28, 1861. He was promoted to
27:American author and historian (1835–1915)
1862:
704:
690:. An excerpt of that letter appeared in
607:
471:
181:
2361:Works by or about Charles Francis Adams
2112:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2107:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A"
1742:Massachusetts in the American Civil War
811:Three Episodes of Massachusetts History
677:
14:
3643:
2275:Eicher, John H. and Eicher, David J.,
1997:Eicher, John H. and Eicher, David J.,
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1830:The Biographical Dictionary of America
1790:The Biographical Dictionary of America
1754:
185:
2423:
1987:(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
1967:
1965:
1963:
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618:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2099:
1825:Adams, Charles Francis (diplomatist)
1156:Louisa Catherine Adams (née Johnson)
790:Railroads, Their Origin and Problems
586:Railroads, Their Origin and Problems
553:
2299:Hunt, Roger D. and Brown, Jack R.,
2017:Hunt, Roger D. and Brown, Jack R.,
1978:"Adams, Charles Francis, Jr."
1890:
852:Lee at Appomattox, and Other Papers
758:
486:1st Massachusetts Volunteer Cavalry
318:1st Massachusetts Volunteer Cavalry
24:
3676:19th-century American male writers
1960:
862:, vol. 72, pp. 101–111 (1906)
781:Chapters of Erie, and Other Essays
616:Adams was elected a Fellow of the
25:
3757:
3746:American male non-fiction writers
3706:People from Quincy, Massachusetts
2370:Notes on Railroad Accidents, 1879
2329:
2301:Brevet Brigadier Generals in Blue
2019:Brevet Brigadier Generals in Blue
1283:Abigail Brown Adams (née Brooks)
559:Massachusetts Railroad Commission
3671:19th-century American historians
1833:. Vol. 1. 1906. p. 36.
1816:
1793:. Vol. 1. 1906. p. 37.
1785:Adams, Charles Francis (soldier)
1770:
1716:
1702:
1656:Catherine Lovering Adams Morgan
720:
629:Massachusetts Historical Society
464:degree from Harvard University.
298:
244:
3691:Historians of the United States
2452:American Historical Association
2244:
2216:"Mount Wollaston Cemetery Tour"
2208:
2144:
2135:
2124:
2086:
2073:
2060:
2044:
2031:
2011:
1991:
783:(New York, 1871), with brother
754:Henry Quincy Adams (1875–1951).
633:American Historical Association
184:; until his death
177:
2336:Works by Charles Francis Adams
1984:New International Encyclopedia
1951:
1926:
1810:
1797:
935:
884:The American Historical Review
13:
1:
3741:Historians from Massachusetts
3731:Union Pacific Railroad people
2376:Shall Cromwell Have a Statue?
2081:Railroads in the 19th Century
1863:Browning, Charles H. (2002).
1747:
1561:Frances Adams (née Lovering)
658:Massachusetts Park Commission
409:
2052:Western Historical Quarterly
858:"Reflex Light From Africa,"
698:National Civic Confederation
622:American Antiquarian Society
620:in 1871 and a member of the
603:
467:
425:and a grandson of President
7:
3726:United States Army officers
1737:List of railroad executives
1695:
871:Whence the Founders Travel
796:Notes on Railroad Accidents
734:. They were the parents of
672:Middlesex Fells Reservation
515:On July 9, 1866, President
10:
3762:
3012:Robert Livingston Schuyler
2189:Eric Pace (June 9, 1997).
1957:Hunt and Brown, 1990, p. 4
1447:Peter Chardon Brooks Adams
1138:Abigail Amelia Adams Smith
890:(3): 540–562. April 1912.
153:Mount Wollaston Cemetery,
3686:Harvard University alumni
3433:
3222:
3084:Bernadotte Everly Schmitt
3003:
2929:Arthur M. Schlesinger Sr.
2792:
2694:William Archibald Dunning
2598:Charles Francis Adams Jr.
2589:
2458:
2408:
2398:
2390:
2385:
2253:The New England Quarterly
1803:Browning, Charles Henry.
1724:American Civil War portal
1684:
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1620:
1618:
1610:
1606:
1600:
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1553:Charles Francis Adams III
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1420:Charles Francis Adams Jr.
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1275:Charles Francis Adams Sr.
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1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1010:Abigail Adams (née Smith)
1006:
439:Charles Francis Adams III
431:Charles Francis Adams Sr.
392:Charles Francis Adams Jr.
385:
333:
323:
313:
293:
285:
271:
257:
252:
240:
232:
224:Charles Francis Adams Sr.
213:
205:
195:
160:
149:
132:
109:Charles Francis Adams Jr.
104:
99:
95:
85:
73:
62:
54:
50:
41:
36:Charles Francis Adams Jr.
34:
2977:Kenneth Scott Latourette
2670:Frederick Jackson Turner
2314:Kirkland, Edward Chase,
2277:Civil War High Commands.
1905:Marquis Who's Who, Inc.
1664:Charles Francis Adams IV
774:
765:Mount Wollaston Cemetery
580:Congress distrusted the
529:United States Volunteers
356:Battle of South Mountain
346:Battle of Secessionville
262:United States of America
18:Charles Francis Adams II
3196:Lynn Townsend White Jr.
2945:William Linn Westermann
2921:James Westfall Thompson
2881:Charles Howard McIlwain
2678:William Milligan Sloane
2491:William Frederick Poole
2092:Edward Chase Kirkland,
1999:Civil War High Commands
1257:George Washington Adams
713:residence, designed by
506:Point Lookout, Maryland
420:United States President
3506:Laurel Thatcher Ulrich
2905:William Scott Ferguson
2782:Charles McLean Andrews
2402:Union Pacific Railroad
1938:Acton Memorial Library
1129:William Stephens Smith
717:
668:Blue Hills Reservation
653:Philanthropic activity
613:
600:forced him to resign.
582:Union Pacific Railroad
576:Union Pacific Railroad
477:
458:Richard Henry Dana Jr.
396:Union Pacific Railroad
200:Adams political family
57:Union Pacific Railroad
3391:Caroline Walker Bynum
3383:John Henry Coatsworth
3164:Robert Roswell Palmer
2969:Thomas J. Wertenbaker
2849:Herbert Eugene Bolton
2833:Evarts Boutell Greene
2825:James Harvey Robinson
2758:Charles Homer Haskins
2734:William Roscoe Thayer
2547:Richard Salter Storrs
2499:Charles Kendall Adams
2079:Robert L. Frey, ed.,
1673:Thomas Boylston Adams
1174:Thomas Boylston Adams
845:Charles Francis Adams
769:Quincy, Massachusetts
749:Thomas Boylston Adams
732:Josiah Gardner Abbott
715:Peabody & Stearns
708:
694:, December 15, 1900.
611:
594:Rock Springs massacre
535:, South Carolina and
475:
452:Adams graduated from
286:Years of service
155:Quincy, Massachusetts
3498:Gabrielle M. Spiegel
3351:William Leuchtenburg
3132:Roy Franklin Nichols
3068:Walter Prescott Webb
2993:Samuel Eliot Morison
2817:James Henry Breasted
2766:Edward Potts Cheyney
2750:Jean Jules Jusserand
2702:Andrew C. McLaughlin
2662:Albert Bushnell Hart
2523:James Burrill Angell
2467:Andrew Dickson White
2272:. Basic Books, 2019.
2268:Egerton, Douglas R.
2264:, November 25, 2019.
1648:Henry Sturgis Morgan
1411:John Quincy Adams II
860:The Century Magazine
678:Single-tax supporter
435:John Quincy Adams II
220:Abigail Brown Brooks
3721:Union Army colonels
3319:Natalie Zemon Davis
3028:Louis R. Gottschalk
2961:Sidney Bradshaw Fay
2953:Carlton J. H. Hayes
2873:Michael Rostovtzeff
2809:Henry Osborn Taylor
2801:Dana Carleton Munro
2726:Worthington C. Ford
2718:George Lincoln Burr
2654:George Burton Adams
2646:J. Franklin Jameson
2606:Alfred Thayer Mahan
2386:Business positions
2228:on October 21, 2020
2167:The Harvard Crimson
2054:1#1 (1970): 21–34.
1544:George Casper Adams
1438:Marian Hooper Adams
1400:Frances Cadwalader
494:Gettysburg Campaign
368:Gettysburg campaign
3514:Barbara D. Metcalf
3466:Jonathan D. Spence
3458:James M. McPherson
3303:William H. McNeill
3255:John Hope Franklin
3247:William J. Bouwsma
3148:John King Fairbank
3092:Samuel Flagg Bemis
2897:Laurence M. Larson
2686:Theodore Roosevelt
2630:John Bach McMaster
2563:George Park Fisher
2515:William Wirt Henry
2450:Presidents of the
2321:McCraw, Thomas K.
1429:Henry Brooks Adams
803:Richard Henry Dana
718:
614:
482:American Civil War
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454:Harvard University
443:Henry Brooks Adams
414:Adams was born in
404:American Civil War
361:Battle of Antietam
341:American Civil War
276:United States Army
3638:
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3490:Barbara Weinstein
3231:Richard B. Morris
3188:Thomas C. Cochran
3060:William L. Langer
2710:H. Morse Stephens
2638:Simeon E. Baldwin
2614:Henry Charles Lea
2571:James Ford Rhodes
2418:
2417:
2409:Succeeded by
2354:Project Gutenberg
2340:Project Gutenberg
2285:978-0-8047-3641-1
2170:. October 8, 1937
2096:(1965) pp. 81–129
2027:978-1-56013-002-4
2007:978-0-8047-3641-1
1915:978-0-8379-3201-9
1876:978-0-8063-0056-6
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970:Adams family tree
838:Project Gutenberg
736:Mary Ogden Abbott
647:Henry Cabot Lodge
554:Railroad reformer
525:brigadier general
427:John Quincy Adams
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307:Brigadier General
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2262:We're History
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805:: A Biography
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55:President of
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3666:Adams family
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3434:2001–present
3140:Hajo Holborn
3076:Allan Nevins
2985:Conyers Read
2865:William Dodd
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2245:Bibliography
2230:. Retrieved
2223:the original
2210:
2198:. Retrieved
2194:
2184:
2172:. Retrieved
2165:
2156:
2146:
2137:
2126:
2114:. Retrieved
2101:
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2075:
2067:
2062:
2051:
2046:
2038:
2033:
2018:
2013:
1998:
1993:
1982:
1953:
1941:. Retrieved
1937:
1928:
1906:
1880:. Retrieved
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1847:
1828:
1812:
1804:
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1788:
1419:
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579:
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479:
451:
447:Brooks Adams
437:, father of
413:
391:
390:
334:Battles/wars
138:(1915-03-20)
119:May 27, 1835
87:Succeeded by
64:
29:
3656:1915 deaths
3651:1835 births
3618:Edward Muir
3327:Akira Iriye
3204:Lewis Hanke
3036:Merle Curti
2913:Max Farrand
2784:(1924–1925)
2736:(1918–1919)
2533:(1893–1894)
2531:Henry Adams
2525:(1892–1893)
2469:(1884–1885)
2232:November 5,
2174:January 29,
1943:February 7,
1882:January 29,
1676:(1910–1997)
1667:(1910–1999)
1658:(1902–1988)
1651:(1900–1982)
1570:(1875–1964)
1568:John Adams
1563:(1869–1956)
1556:(1866–1954)
1547:(1863–1900)
1450:(1848–1927)
1441:(1843–1885)
1432:(1838–1918)
1423:(1835–1915)
1414:(1833–1894)
1405:(1839–1911)
1285:(1808–1889)
1278:(1807–1886)
1269:(1803–1834)
1260:(1801–1829)
1177:(1772–1832)
1168:(1770–1800)
1159:(1775–1852)
1150:(1767–1848)
1141:(1765–1813)
1132:(1755–1816)
1013:(1744–1818)
1004:(1735–1826)
936:Family tree
785:Henry Adams
692:The Outlook
523:(honorary)
402:during the
75:Preceded by
3645:Categories
3423:Eric Foner
2406:1884–1890
2200:August 22,
1748:References
1001:John Adams
550:(MOLLUS).
423:John Adams
410:Early life
400:Union Army
280:Union Army
258:Allegiance
233:Occupation
115:1835-05-27
3450:Lynn Hunt
3223:1976–2000
3004:1951–1975
2793:1926–1950
2590:1901–1925
2459:1884–1900
1922:657162692
624:in 1891.
604:Historian
598:Jay Gould
468:Civil War
289:1861–1865
241:Signature
196:Relations
69:1884–1890
65:In office
2507:John Jay
2116:April 1,
2056:in JSTOR
1696:See also
711:Back Bay
688:Georgism
670:and the
640:movement
541:Antietam
324:Commands
206:Children
2363:at the
2070:(1990),
1781::
904:1834388
841:(1898).
709:Adams'
490:captain
214:Parents
190:
174:
170:
3630:(2024)
3620:(2023)
3612:(2022)
3604:(2021)
3596:(2020)
3588:(2019)
3580:(2018)
3572:(2017)
3564:(2016)
3556:(2015)
3548:(2014)
3540:(2013)
3532:(2012)
3524:(2011)
3516:(2010)
3508:(2009)
3500:(2008)
3492:(2007)
3484:(2006)
3476:(2005)
3468:(2004)
3460:(2003)
3452:(2002)
3444:(2001)
3425:(2000)
3417:(1999)
3409:(1998)
3401:(1997)
3393:(1996)
3385:(1995)
3377:(1994)
3369:(1993)
3361:(1992)
3353:(1991)
3345:(1990)
3337:(1989)
3329:(1988)
3321:(1987)
3313:(1986)
3305:(1985)
3297:(1984)
3289:(1983)
3281:(1982)
3273:(1981)
3265:(1980)
3257:(1979)
3249:(1978)
3241:(1977)
3233:(1976)
3214:(1975)
3206:(1974)
3198:(1973)
3190:(1972)
3182:(1971)
3174:(1971)
3166:(1970)
3158:(1969)
3150:(1968)
3142:(1967)
3134:(1966)
3126:(1965)
3118:(1964)
3110:(1963)
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3094:(1961)
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3078:(1959)
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3062:(1957)
3054:(1956)
3046:(1955)
3038:(1954)
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3014:(1951)
2995:(1950)
2987:(1949)
2979:(1948)
2971:(1947)
2963:(1946)
2955:(1945)
2947:(1944)
2939:(1943)
2931:(1942)
2923:(1941)
2915:(1940)
2907:(1939)
2899:(1938)
2891:(1937)
2883:(1936)
2875:(1935)
2867:(1934)
2859:(1933)
2851:(1932)
2843:(1931)
2835:(1930)
2827:(1929)
2819:(1928)
2811:(1927)
2803:(1926)
2776:(1924)
2768:(1923)
2760:(1922)
2752:(1921)
2744:(1920)
2728:(1917)
2720:(1916)
2712:(1915)
2704:(1914)
2696:(1913)
2688:(1912)
2680:(1911)
2672:(1910)
2664:(1909)
2656:(1908)
2648:(1907)
2640:(1906)
2632:(1905)
2624:(1904)
2616:(1903)
2608:(1902)
2600:(1901)
2581:(1900)
2573:(1899)
2565:(1898)
2557:(1897)
2549:(1896)
2541:(1895)
2517:(1891)
2509:(1890)
2501:(1889)
2493:(1888)
2485:(1887)
2477:(1886)
2378:, 1902
2357:(1913)
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2025:
2005:
1920:
1913:
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1821:
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902:
873:(1907)
854:(1902)
825:(1894)
521:brevet
416:Boston
304:Brevet
180:
161:Spouse
145:, U.S.
128:, U.S.
122:Boston
2226:(PDF)
2219:(PDF)
2110:(PDF)
900:JSTOR
775:Works
462:LL.D.
266:Union
188:)
176:(
172:
2305:ISBN
2281:ISBN
2234:2020
2202:2014
2176:2019
2118:2011
2023:ISBN
2003:ISBN
1945:2015
1918:OCLC
1911:ISBN
1884:2019
1871:ISBN
928:1901
539:and
314:Unit
294:Rank
186:1915
182:1865
133:Died
105:Born
2352:at
2338:at
1827:".
1787:".
892:doi
836:at
767:in
3647::
2193:.
2164:.
2151:4.
1981:.
1962:^
1936:.
1892:^
1855:^
1839:^
1756:^
898:.
888:17
886:.
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674:.
649:.
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572:.
527:,
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178:m.
124:,
2443:e
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2120:.
1947:.
1886:.
1823:"
1783:"
962:e
955:t
948:v
906:.
894::
751:.
738:.
209:5
117:)
113:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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