31:
289:, German Minister of Foreign Affairs, accept the Seydoux proposals as a basis for discussion and agree not to push for a declaration of the totals amount of the reparations. D'Abernon and Laurent met on 4 February 1921 to discuss the negative reaction of the Germans to a proposed 12% tax on German exports. Laurent thought the Germans had not fully understood the implications, and noted that although the tax would raise the price of their exports it would remove the ability of the Allies to meddle with the German economy.
204:
was
Director of the Central Teller of the Public Treasury (1894), Director General of Public Accounts (1895), Inspector of Finance (1897), Councilor of State in Extraordinary Service (1898), Secretary General of the Ministry of Finance (1898), Director General of Public Accounting (1899), first President of the Court of Auditors (1907), financial adviser to the Ottoman Government (1908). Charles Laurent retired in 1909 at the age of 53, having already occupied the most senior posts in the administration.
348:
on 30 December 1886, an officer on 9 January 1897, a commander on 26 January 1901 and a Grand
Officer on 9 April 1907. He was raised to the dignity of Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour on 16 January 1920. Charles Laurent died on 16 February 1939 in Paris. There is a Square Charles-Laurent in Paris
203:
On 24 June 1891 Laurent married Sophie
Augustine de Bénazé (1865–1945). Their children were Pierre Charles Théodore Laurent (1892–1935), Jean Charles Léon Laurent, Captain of the infantry (1894–1916) and Jacques Laurent (1896-1989). Laurent became Chief of Staff to the Minister of Finance in 1893. He
328:
In 1935 Laurent had large stakes in the Crédit
Electrique, Union pour l'Industrie et l'Electricité and Société Centrale pour l'industrie électrique. That year the police reported that he had set up a fund to "combat the projects of the parties of the left seeking the diminution of the sale price of
277:
industries. The concept was that French firms would obtain options on 25% of the main German companies in the region and would be represented on their boards, while the companies would be rescued from liquidation and the French would guarantee that Upper
Silesia would remain German rather than be
251:
The Crédit national was founded under a law of 10 October 1919 with a capital of 100 million francs, and played an important role in providing medium and long term credit in France. It was jointly owned by the state, the main credit suppliers and the main French industrial enterprises. The
224:, a manufacturer of electrical equipment, in 1915. Although Laurent had no prior relationship with the electrical industry, he was valued for his contacts and understanding of the administrative machinery, important to a company for whom the state was the most important customer.
296:
reached Berlin on 20 April 1922. He was very disappointed in
Laurent's attitude, since Laurent seemed uninterested in improving Franco-German relations. While ambassador Laurent continued as President of Thomson-Houston and remained on the board of the Suez Canal Company.
272:
in July 1920 and tasked with supervision of reparation payments and control of the Berlin-based
Reparation Commission. Towards the end of 1920 Laurent led negotiations by a group of French and German businesses concerning the
239:
continued to serve as secretary general of the CFF under
Laurent, as he did under Laurent's successor Gabriel Cordier. Laurent represented the Mechanical and Electrical Construction group of industries in the
196:. After Bert's death in November 1886 Charles Laurent was listed among the subscribers in Tonkin to a fund to erect a statue in Bert's honour. Laurent was named chief of staff to the Minister of Finance,
179:
Laurent was a supernumerary at the
Central Administration of Finance, then a clerk in the Posts and Telegraphs in 1878. In 1879 he was made an assistant to the General Inspectorate of Finance. He went to
260:
Laurent returned to public service as French ambassador in Berlin from June 1920 to
December 1922. Laurent was named to this post due to his "high competence in economic and financial matters".
305:
Charles Laurent became president of the Banque des pays du Nord in 1923. In 1926 he was chairman of the board of the UIMM, the metallurgy employers syndicate. On 30 January 1926
252:
public/private institution was to handle reparation payments and provide credit to small and medium enterprises. Laurent was co-founder and administrator of the Crédit national.
264:, Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, instructed Laurent to ensure an economic agreement with Germany was prepared. The British and French ambassadors to Germany,
245:
241:
163:
Charles François Laurent was born in Paris on 12 November 1856. His parents were Pierre Charles Laurent, a merchant, and Narcisse Decaux. He studied at the
317:
where they reviewed and approved a draft proposal by Thyssen for an international steel cartel. After further negotiations, this led to creation of the
217:
862:
1239:
285:
told D'Abernon that the French proposed to indefinitely postpone discussion of cash reparations. Soon after this Laurent recommended that
1234:
265:
139:(Court of Audit). After taking early retirement at the age of 53 he became a businessman. He became a member of the board of the
1219:
337:
1224:
1125:
1079:
1034:
960:
915:
805:
776:
135:(12 November 1856 – 16 February 1939) was a French senior civil servant, specializing in finance. He was president of the
341:
221:
329:
electric currents and State takeover of the centers of production." Laurent offered support to the right-wing activist
1151:
155:(1914–18) he was French ambassador in Berlin between 1920 and 1922 and was involved in discussions of reparations.
1094:
325:) on 30 September 1926, which defined a system of quotas for Germany, France, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Saar.
1050:
977:"Les dirigeants des grandes entreprises industrielles françaises au 20e siècle. Des notables aux gestionnaires"
232:
318:
840:
1229:
189:
1167:
248:(CGPF). He left the presidency of the CFF and UIMM in 1920 when he was appointed ambassador to Berlin.
1007:
931:
336:
Laurent was one of the presidents of the Union républicaine et démocratique. He was a member of the
1118:
The Transformation of Foreign Policy: Drawing and Managing Boundaries from Antiquity to the Present
791:
330:
888:
164:
269:
244:(UIMM). He became president of the UIMM in 1916. While president of the CFF Laurent joined the
212:
After leaving the civil service Laurent began a new career as a company director, first at the
1141:
1113:
1069:
976:
905:
821:
764:
168:
1024:
950:
871:
795:
1214:
1209:
30:
8:
293:
261:
200:, in 1888. He was appointed Deputy Head of the General Inspectorate of Finance in 1890.
730:
728:
213:
140:
148:
1147:
1143:
National Identity and Weimar Germany: Upper Silesia and the Eastern Border, 1918-1922
1121:
1075:
1030:
956:
911:
856:
801:
772:
306:
725:
314:
1182:
988:
797:
French Foreign and Defence Policy, 1918-1940: The Decline and Fall of a Great Power
345:
228:
181:
136:
282:
144:
1203:
1186:
310:
286:
274:
907:
Quand les patrons s'organisent: Stratégies et pratiques de l'UIMM 1901-1950
740:
236:
197:
993:
152:
1006:
734:
171:(1875). He was a second lieutenant at the School of Artillery in 1877.
185:
52:
188:, who had been appointed Resident General of the French Republic in
1168:"Le Crédit National, établissement de crédit à moyen et long terme"
826:
Qui êtes-vous?: Annuaire des contemporains; notices biographiques
344:
and Société des Etudes historiques. He was made a knight of the
1093:
746:
193:
111:
94:
605:
876:(in French), Presses Univ. Franche-Comté, GGKEY:ET4H8W6Y2CL
617:
449:
447:
420:
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528:
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and Charles Laurent, were invited to the inter-allied
689:
665:
653:
641:
629:
385:
313:
and Charles François Laurent in a meeting chaired by
713:
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
371:
La Dette hypothécaire et le Crédit foncier de France
701:
576:
432:
492:
471:
246:Confédération générale de la production française
242:Union des industries et métiers de la métallurgie
1201:
373:, preface by Ch. Laurent, Paris: Berger-Levrault
362:Ce que Paris a vu, souvenirs du siège de 1870-71
952:The Berlin Embassy of Lord D'Abernon, 1920-1926
359:
1026:Alanson B. Houghton: Ambassador of the New Era
869:
611:
408:
368:
838:
459:
426:
218:Compagnie du chemin de fer de Paris à Orléans
35:Charles Laurent, Ambassador to Berlin in 1920
735:Laurent, Charles Francois – Legion of Honour
207:
174:
1114:"Diplomacy between Versailles and Locarno"
1071:French Fascism: The Second Wave, 1933-1939
861:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
769:Economic networks and European integration
29:
992:
903:
765:"Les réseaux de l'industrie sidérurgique"
570:
558:
546:
534:
522:
510:
453:
1022:
910:(in French), Presses Univ. Septentrion,
683:
281:In a meeting in Paris on 8 January 1821
158:
1111:
948:
870:Claudel, Paul; Malicet, Michel (1970),
819:
671:
659:
647:
623:
599:
402:
300:
255:
1202:
1139:
886:
762:
695:
635:
438:
184:in 1886 as Inspector of Finances with
143:and president of the French branch of
1165:
1095:"Square Charles-Laurent, 75015 Paris"
1067:
790:
719:
707:
582:
974:
498:
486:
122:Civil servant, businessman, diplomat
1240:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
1048:
747:Square Charles-Laurent, 75015 Paris
414:
342:International Statistical Institute
340:, Société de Statistique de Paris,
222:Compagnie Francaise Thomson-Houston
13:
981:Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'histoire
929:
893:(in French), Librairie F. Crettier
465:
14:
1251:
323:Entente Internationale de l’Acier
1235:Ambassadors of France to Germany
1101:(in French), CCM Benchmark Group
231:(1844–1915) as president of the
147:. Laurent was co-founder of the
845:(in French), Paris, p. 404
364:, Paris: A. Michel, p. 308
352:
839:Chailley-Bert, Joseph (1887),
1:
1023:Matthews, Jeffrey J. (2004),
1012:(in French), Legion of Honour
873:Richard Wagner - Paul Claudel
319:International Steel Agreement
220:. He became president of the
1068:Soucy, Robert (1997-01-31),
1029:, Rowman & Littlefield,
822:"LAURENT (Charles François)"
338:Société d'économie politique
7:
1220:Lycée Louis-le-Grand alumni
1120:, Oxford University Press,
904:Fraboulet, Danièle (2007),
887:Cousin, Jules, ed. (1886),
233:Comité des forges de France
16:French senior civil servant
10:
1256:
1225:École Polytechnique alumni
949:Johnson, G. (2002-08-13),
763:Berger, Francoise (2004),
755:
612:Claudel & Malicet 1970
1074:, Yale University Press,
1009:Laurent, Charles Francois
955:, Palgrave Macmillan UK,
828:(in French), C. Delagrave
771:(in French), Peter Lang,
208:Business leader (1909–20)
175:Civil service (1877–1909)
126:
118:
101:
81:
76:
72:
60:
49:
44:
40:
28:
21:
1187:10.3406/reco.1951.406866
1140:Tooley, T. Hunt (1997),
1112:Steller, Verena (2016),
820:Burnand, Robert (1924),
379:
360:Charles Laurent (1914),
133:Charles François Laurent
23:Charles François Laurent
1146:, U of Nebraska Press,
369:Michel, Edmond (1914),
309:met in Luxembourg with
278:transferred to Poland.
331:François de La Rocque
159:Early years (1856–77)
994:10.3917/vin.114.0016
975:Joly, Hervé (2012),
301:Last years (1922–39)
256:Ambassador (1920–22)
165:Lycée Louis-le-Grand
45:Ambassador to Berlin
842:Paul Bert au Tonkin
626:, pp. 180–181.
294:Alanson B. Houghton
262:Alexandre Millerand
169:École Polytechnique
1230:French magistrates
890:L'Avenir du Tonkin
427:Chailley-Bert 1887
292:The US ambassador
227:Laurent succeeded
214:Suez Canal Company
141:Suez Canal Company
1127:978-0-19-878386-2
1081:978-0-300-07043-9
1051:"Charles LAURENT"
1036:978-0-8420-5051-7
962:978-0-230-51099-9
932:"Charles LAURENT"
917:978-2-85939-994-8
807:978-1-134-74827-3
778:978-90-5201-234-6
307:Humbert de Wendel
130:
129:
1247:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1175:Revue économique
1172:
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451:
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406:
400:
374:
365:
346:Legion of Honour
333:from this fund.
229:Florent Guillain
182:French Indochina
137:Cour des comptes
108:
105:16 February 1939
92:12 November 1856
91:
89:
77:Personal details
65:
33:
19:
18:
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1099:Linternaute.com
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1041:
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1037:
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999:
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930:Garric, Alain,
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386:
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355:
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283:Jacques Seydoux
258:
210:
177:
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149:Crédit National
145:Thomson-Houston
110:
106:
93:
87:
85:
67:
61:
56:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1181:(5): 657–674,
1166:XXX X (1951),
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1137:
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1080:
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1046:
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1004:
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794:(2005-06-20),
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759:
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754:
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751:
739:
724:
722:, p. 125.
712:
700:
698:, p. 154.
688:
676:
664:
652:
640:
638:, p. 205.
628:
616:
604:
602:, p. 175.
587:
575:
571:Fraboulet 2007
563:
559:Fraboulet 2007
551:
547:Fraboulet 2007
539:
537:, p. 164.
535:Fraboulet 2007
527:
523:Fraboulet 2007
515:
511:Fraboulet 2007
503:
491:
470:
458:
456:, p. 132.
454:Fraboulet 2007
443:
431:
419:
407:
405:, p. 448.
383:
381:
378:
376:
375:
366:
356:
354:
351:
315:Émile Mayrisch
302:
299:
275:Upper Silesian
270:Spa Conference
266:Lord d'Abernon
257:
254:
216:, then at the
209:
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176:
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157:
128:
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116:
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109:(aged 82)
103:
99:
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83:
79:
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74:
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69:
63:Assumed office
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50:
47:
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42:
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26:
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15:
9:
6:
4:
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2:
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1211:
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1205:
1188:
1184:
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1177:(in French),
1176:
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1155:
1153:0-8032-4429-0
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1145:
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1138:
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995:
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986:
983:(in French),
982:
978:
973:
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958:
954:
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947:
937:
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928:
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909:
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868:
864:
858:
844:
843:
837:
827:
823:
818:
809:
803:
800:, Routledge,
799:
798:
793:
792:Boyce, Robert
789:
780:
774:
770:
766:
761:
760:
748:
743:
736:
731:
729:
721:
716:
710:, p. 43.
709:
704:
697:
692:
686:, p. 52.
685:
684:Matthews 2004
680:
674:, p. 45.
673:
668:
662:, p. 44.
661:
656:
650:, p. 41.
649:
644:
637:
632:
625:
620:
614:, p. 29.
613:
608:
601:
596:
594:
592:
585:, p. 42.
584:
579:
573:, p. 72.
572:
567:
561:, p. 71.
560:
555:
549:, p. 84.
548:
543:
536:
531:
525:, p. 80.
524:
519:
513:, p. 70.
512:
507:
501:, p. 26.
500:
495:
489:, p. 25.
488:
483:
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479:
477:
475:
467:
462:
455:
450:
448:
441:, p. 22.
440:
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311:Fritz Thyssen
308:
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287:Walter Simons
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55:
54:
48:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
1190:, retrieved
1178:
1174:
1157:, retrieved
1142:
1131:, retrieved
1117:
1103:, retrieved
1098:
1085:, retrieved
1070:
1059:, retrieved
1054:
1040:, retrieved
1025:
1014:, retrieved
1008:
998:, retrieved
984:
980:
966:, retrieved
951:
940:, retrieved
935:
921:, retrieved
906:
895:, retrieved
889:
878:, retrieved
872:
847:, retrieved
841:
830:, retrieved
825:
811:, retrieved
796:
782:, retrieved
768:
742:
715:
703:
691:
679:
672:Johnson 2002
667:
660:Johnson 2002
655:
648:Johnson 2002
643:
631:
624:Steller 2016
619:
607:
600:Steller 2016
578:
566:
554:
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461:
434:
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403:Burnand 1924
370:
361:
353:Publications
335:
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304:
291:
280:
259:
250:
237:Robert Pinot
226:
211:
202:
198:Paul Peytral
178:
162:
132:
131:
107:(1939-02-16)
62:
51:
1215:1939 deaths
1210:1856 births
1057:(in French)
938:(in French)
696:Berger 2004
636:Tooley 1997
439:Cousin 1886
153:World War I
1204:Categories
1192:2017-10-17
1159:2017-10-17
1133:2017-10-17
1105:2017-10-17
1087:2017-10-17
1061:2017-10-17
1042:2017-10-17
1016:2017-10-16
1000:2017-10-17
968:2017-10-17
942:2017-10-17
923:2017-10-17
897:2017-10-17
880:2017-10-17
849:2017-10-17
832:2017-10-16
813:2017-07-12
784:2017-10-17
720:Soucy 1997
708:Boyce 2005
583:XXX X 1951
119:Occupation
88:1856-11-12
1049:Pierfit,
499:Joly 2012
487:Joly 2012
186:Paul Bert
53:Incumbent
1055:geneanet
936:geneanet
857:citation
167:and the
151:. After
114:, France
97:, France
987:(114),
756:Sources
415:Pierfit
349:75015.
235:(CFF).
1150:
1124:
1078:
1033:
959:
914:
804:
775:
466:Garric
194:Tonkin
1171:(PDF)
380:Notes
190:Annam
112:Paris
95:Paris
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