528:: this represented a radical experiment in undergraduate, interdisciplinary education in which the principles of operant behavior were directly applied. The center itself—an open, free-flowing physical space on campus—was conceived of as the "chamber" in which instruction and learning occurred. The environment adhered in obvious ways to such cornerstone concepts as immediate positive reinforcement, successive approximation, schedules of reinforcement, discriminative stimuli and the like. Professors of Psychology, Physics, Anthropology, Psychiatry, Sociology, Philosophy, Mathematics staffed the Learning Center, as did many graduate students in these fields.
469:
respond again. The free operant is used in experiments when the main dependent variable is the frequency of occurrence of behavior. Nearly all the problems of a science of behavior fit this paradigm when the questions are of the form: what is the likelihood of a piece of behavior occurring on this particular occasion; how strong is the tendency to behave on this occasion relative to another occasion? The free operant has advantages in this respect, because it removes restrictions on the frequency with which a response can occur and permits the observation of moment-to-moment changes in frequency.
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the end of our collaboration we found ourselves with a vast quantity of unanalyzed and unpublished data, and we proceeded to design an environment in which we could scarcely help writing a book. In it we both worked as we had never worked before. In one spring term and one long hot summer we wrote a text and a glossary and prepared over 1000 figures, more than 900 of which were published.
495:
everyone about them, while others enabled less behavior of this kind. I don’t know whether
Skinner was conscious of the lack of personal praise in interpersonal relations in the laboratory. I certainly was not. My behavior was generated by the natural reinforcement of the laboratory activity. But some of the graduate students found the absence of personal support difficult.
86:
468:
The
Skinner box is not a specific technique, but rather a method of research employing the free operant. The use of the free operant is a method of wide generality; it refers to any apparatus that generates a response which takes a short time to occur and leaves the animal in the same place ready to
485:
Meanwhile I had set up a pigeon laboratory in which
Charles Ferster and I worked very happily together for more than 5 years. It was the high point in my research history. Scarcely a week went by without some exciting discovery. Perhaps the behavior we dealt with most effectively was our own. Near
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I don’t remember any experiment being called ‘‘great’’ or ‘‘bad’’ or anyone being given credit for doing something especially useful or valuable. Some experiments led to further planning, new apparatus, exciting conversations, new theoretical arrangements of data and procedures or a rush to tell
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Following is a partial list of professional colleagues and friends of
Charles Ferster; those interested in behaviorism, operant conditioning, and human behavior more generally may be interested in these people and their work:
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332:, the second son of Julius Ferster (1894-1969) and Mollie Ferster née Madwin (1895-1966), both Jewish immigrants from Poland (The Russian Empire, 1910 and 1912, respectively).
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He was married to
Marilyn Ferster, with whom he had four children—Bill, Andrea, Sam and Warren. He later married Elyce Zenoff Ferster, a professor of law at
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in 1958. While at
Harvard, he devised errorless learning to train animals, and used other forms of what was then termed behavior modification for clients with
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Obituary: Charles B. Ferster (1922-1981). Dinsmoor, James A. American
Psychologist. Vol. 37 (2), Feb 1982, 235.
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316:(UCLA) and developed early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI), or 6.5 hours per day of what he called, "
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715:(pp. 309–326). Oxford: Pergamon Press. Ferster, C. B., Nurnberger, J. I. & Levitt, E. E. (1977).
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from 1957 to 1962, Ferster employed errorless learning to instruct young autistic children how to speak.
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The
Development of Performances in Autistic Children in an Automatically Controlled Environment
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Ferster's research also influenced the work of other pioneers of behavioral research, such as
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409:(Indianapolis, IN) (work with autistic children; collaboration with Nurnberger & Brady)
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1965–1968 Senior
Research Associate, Institute for Behavioral Research (Silver Spring, MD)
225:(1 November 1922 – 3 February 1981) was an American behavioral psychologist. A pioneer of
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Ferster died of a heart attack on
February 3, 1981, at the age of 58 in Washington, D.C.
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699:, Charles B. Ferster, Marian K. DeMyer, Journal of Chronic Diseases 1961 Apr; 13:312-4
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1963–1965 Associate Director, Institute for Behavioral Research (Silver Spring, MD)
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The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of
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Positive Reinforcement and Behavioral Deficits of Autistic Children
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Founding of the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
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in 1947 followed by his Master's in 1948 and Ph.D. in 1958 from
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670:
Psychopathology in Animals: research and clinical implications.
521:
Individualized Instruction at Georgetown, American Universities
312:, who applied Ferster's procedures to autistic children at the
881:
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1946–1947 Rutgers University (New Brunswick, NJ) (B.S, 1947)
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283:. While serving as an assistant professor of psychology at
687:
The use of the free operant in the analysis of behavior
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The use of the free operant in the analysis of behavior
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P.B. Dews on Behavioral Pharmacology and C.B. Ferster
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730:
Charles Bohris Ferster (1922–1981), An Appreciation
666:Psychotherapy from the standpoint of a behaviorist
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387:(Cambridge, MA) Research Fellow under B.F. Skinner
323:
609:, with Nurnberger, J. I. & Brady, J. P., 1963
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748:Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
734:Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
607:An Introduction to the Science of Human Behavior
457:Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
414:Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
272:Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
769:"Charles B. Ferster, 58; Psychology Researcher"
636:An Experimental Analysis of Clinical Phenomena
446:(Washington, DC) (department chair, 1970–1973)
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253:Ferster received his bachelor's degree at
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767:New York Times Staff (February 8, 1981).
62:Learn how and when to remove this message
373:(New York, NY) (M.A., 1948; Ph.D., 1950)
1927:People from Monmouth County, New Jersey
549:, Alfredo V. Lagmay, William H. Morse,
508:(pp. 37–46 at 43). New York: Irvington.
500:Schedules of reinforcement with Skinner
378:Post-doctoral professional affiliations
1884:
705:, American Psychologist 1973, 857–870.
561:, Harlan L. Lane, George S. Reynolds,
328:Ferster was born November 1, 1922, in
885:
314:University of California, Los Angeles
285:Indiana University School of Medicine
261:. He then worked as a colleague with
744:Charles B. Ferster—A personal memoir
683:, Child Development 1961, 32:437-456
450:
308:. Another well-known researcher was
301:Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
15:
1902:20th-century American psychologists
703:A functional analysis of depression
656:A Laboratory Model of Psychotherapy
626:Arbitrary and Natural Reinforcement
442:1969–1981 Professor of Psychology,
435:1967–1968 Professor of Psychology,
13:
1912:American educational psychologists
524:The University Learning Center at
489:B.F. Skinner, (Untitled Article)
462:
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1948:
860:
424:Institute for Behavioral Research
407:Indiana University Medical Center
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713:Behavioral treatments of obesity
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533:Social and professional network
412:1958 - First Executive Editor,
324:Early childhood and family life
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422:1962–1963 Executive Director,
1:
1937:Georgetown University faculty
1209:Industrial and organizational
719:
668:, 1972, In J.D. Keehn (Ed.),
504:Festschrift for B. F. Skinner
269:, where they established the
1450:Human factors and ergonomics
877:JEAB's First Editorial Board
754:
337:George Washington University
7:
660:Trends in Behavior Therapy.
345:
298:, who together founded the
10:
1953:
1922:Columbia University alumni
1907:Behaviourist psychologists
587:Schedules of Reinforcement
363:1943–1946 Military Service
243:Schedules of Reinforcement
163:Schedules of reinforcement
90:C.B. Ferster (circa 1972)
1917:Rutgers University alumni
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1139:Applied behavior analysis
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809:seab.envmed.rochester.edu
805:"JEAB Tables of Contents"
658:1979, In P. Sjoden (Ed),
513:Application of the theory
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227:applied behavior analysis
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672:New York, Academic Press
662:New York, Academic Press
640:The Psychological Record
630:The Psychological Record
241:, co-authoring the book
1415:Behavioral neuroscience
979:Behavioral neuroscience
867:Article by B.F. Skinner
711:In J. P. Foreyt (Ed.),
502:. In P. B. Dews (Ed.),
318:discrete trial training
233:and was a colleague of
1465:Psychology of religion
1405:Behavioral engineering
1342:Human subject research
998:Cognitive neuroscience
964:Affective neuroscience
709:The control of eating,
691:Psychological Bulletin
650:Seminars in Psychiatry
646:Clinical Reinforcement
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478:Psychological Bulletin
223:Charles Bohris Ferster
78:Charles Bohris Ferster
1841:Wiktionary definition
1377:Self-report inventory
1372:Quantitative research
571:William N. Schoenfeld
547:Richard J. Herrnstein
498:C.B. Ferster (1970).
492:
483:
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437:Georgetown University
207:Georgetown University
1367:Qualitative research
1322:Behavior epigenetics
569:, Neil J. Peterson.
330:Freehold, New Jersey
306:University of Kansas
178:Elyce Zenoff Ferster
112:Freehold, New Jersey
92:(Photo by Doug Katz)
1846:Wiktionary category
1410:Behavioral genetics
1382:Statistical surveys
1239:Occupational health
974:Behavioral genetics
613:Behavior Principles
557:, Lewis R. Gollub,
541:Margaret J. Rioch,
526:American University
444:American University
426:(Silver Spring, MD)
371:Columbia University
360:(New Brunswick, NJ)
259:Columbia University
211:American University
149:Columbia University
1818:Schools of thought
1721:Richard E. Nisbett
1601:Donald T. Campbell
1279:Sport and exercise
845:on 29 October 2007
774:The New York Times
676:The Autistic Child
567:Herbert S. Terrace
563:A. Charles Catania
402:)(Chimpanzee work)
385:Harvard University
358:Rutgers University
267:Harvard University
255:Rutgers University
239:Harvard University
231:errorless learning
1879:
1878:
1856:Wikimedia Commons
1783:Counseling topics
1746:Ronald C. Kessler
1736:Shelley E. Taylor
1661:Lawrence Kohlberg
1636:Stanley Schachter
1435:Consumer behavior
1317:Archival research
1085:Psycholinguistics
969:Affective science
839:ww2.lafayette.edu
815:on 10 August 2007
750:1981, 35, 259-261
736:1981, 36, 299-301
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559:Matthew L. Israel
555:Ogden R. Lindsley
451:Professional life
392:Yerkes Laboratory
220:
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187:Scientific career
159:Behavior analysis
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1813:Research methods
1756:Richard Davidson
1751:Joseph E. LeDoux
1626:George A. Miller
1616:David McClelland
1611:Herbert A. Simon
1511:Edward Thorndike
1332:Content analysis
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1090:Psychophysiology
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841:. Archived from
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543:David McK. Rioch
439:(Washington, DC)
400:Emory University
130:Washington, D.C.
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122:February 3, 1981
108:November 1, 1922
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29:This article
27:
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1716:Larry Squire
1711:Bruce McEwen
1706:Amos Tversky
1676:Jerome Kagan
1666:Noam Chomsky
1606:Hans Eysenck
1576:Harry Harlow
1556:Erik Erikson
1455:Intelligence
1352:Neuroimaging
1095:Quantitative
1060:Mathematical
1055:Intelligence
1045:Experimental
1040:Evolutionary
1030:Differential
939:Psychologist
847:. Retrieved
843:the original
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817:. Retrieved
813:the original
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778:. Retrieved
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416:(JEAB); See
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296:Sidney Bijou
289:
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235:B.F. Skinner
222:
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203:Institutions
186:
124:(1981-02-03)
58:
52:October 2015
49:
30:
1897:1981 deaths
1892:1922 births
1788:Disciplines
1761:Susan Fiske
1651:Roger Brown
1551:Carl Rogers
1536:Jean Piaget
1501:Ivan Pavlov
1357:Observation
1337:Experiments
1284:Suicidology
1179:Educational
1134:Anomalistic
1105:Theoretical
1080:Personality
1010:Comparative
993:Cognitivism
984:Behaviorism
835:"Minnesota"
642:, 22, 1-16
396:Atlanta, GA
310:Ivar Lovaas
137:Nationality
1886:Categories
1851:Wikisource
1696:Paul Ekman
1531:Kurt Lewin
1425:Competence
1347:Interviews
1327:Case study
1204:Humanistic
1184:Ergonomics
1169:Counseling
1144:Assessment
1126:psychology
1075:Perception
1035:Ecological
951:psychology
929:Philosophy
913:Psychology
849:12 January
819:12 January
780:January 6,
720:References
632:, 22, 1-16
405:1957–1962
390:1955–1957
383:1950–1955
369:1947–1950
356:1940–1943
277:depression
197:Psychology
104:1922-11-01
44:footnoting
1871:Wikibooks
1861:Wikiquote
1731:Ed Diener
1516:Carl Jung
1420:Cognition
1249:Political
1159:Community
989:Cognitive
755:Citations
351:Education
320:" (DTT).
1866:Wikinews
1823:Timeline
1445:Feelings
1440:Emotions
1400:Behavior
1391:Concepts
1269:Religion
1254:Positive
1244:Pastoral
1229:Military
1194:Forensic
1189:Feminist
1174:Critical
1164:Consumer
1154:Coaching
1149:Clinical
1124:Applied
1020:Cultural
959:Abnormal
620:Articles
593:, 1957
346:Timeline
245:(1957).
140:American
40:citation
1798:Outline
1294:Traffic
1289:Systems
1224:Medical
1050:Gestalt
924:History
689:, 1953
589:, with
476:, 1953
304:at the
281:obesity
169:Spouses
1828:Topics
1274:School
1199:Health
1100:Social
1003:Social
949:Basic
934:Portal
648:1972,
638:1972,
628:1967,
598:
249:Career
237:'s at
193:Fields
1775:Lists
1234:Music
1219:Media
1214:Legal
1065:Moral
581:Books
1460:Mind
851:2022
821:2022
782:2018
596:ISBN
294:and
279:and
119:Died
98:Born
42:and
398:at
265:at
1888::
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36:.
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