Knowledge

Central German

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263: 50: 830: 541:(chiefly as a written language) among other German dialects. Modern Standard German thus evolved from the vocabulary and spelling of this region, with some pronunciation features from 1465: 268: 1840: 918: 1638: 17: 786: 404: 114: 1455: 86: 2367: 93: 2863: 884: 133: 911: 67: 31: 100: 71: 38: 2734: 2764: 1934: 1896: 1881: 82: 1208: 2744: 2604: 1954: 1913: 1903: 904: 422: 165: 1120: 2461: 2868: 2739: 2693: 2688: 2612: 2222: 2206: 2085: 1944: 1835: 1830: 640: 438: 312: 208: 2678: 2622: 2617: 2537: 2210: 2160: 1460: 1278: 1034: 962: 950: 792: 507: 203: 193: 60: 2800: 2520: 1918: 2683: 2165: 2131: 1749: 1565: 1425: 1265: 1160: 542: 370: 2841: 2805: 2073: 2066: 2018: 1788: 1759: 1728: 1691: 1616: 1373: 1286: 1147: 1109: 396: 2306: 1181: 107: 2810: 2790: 2759: 2632: 2492: 2238: 2056: 1648: 1475: 1437: 1432: 1306: 1253: 1011: 519: 2466: 8: 2749: 1985: 1939: 1873: 1626: 1273: 1186: 984: 727: 652: 555: 415: 411: 357: 321: 238: 233: 2296: 2141: 1388: 2795: 2719: 2647: 2637: 2592: 2354: 2281: 2178: 2023: 1998: 1993: 1886: 1714: 1599: 1420: 1198: 1193: 1172: 1133: 937: 927: 752: 740: 596: 584: 570: 503: 339: 330: 285: 276: 198: 1949: 253: 2769: 2568: 2484: 2477: 2432: 2376: 2136: 2126: 2109: 2104: 2008: 1770: 1570: 1531: 1511: 1349: 1241: 1223: 1075: 880: 780: 662: 511: 2724: 2515: 2449: 2405: 2400: 2360: 2349: 2341: 2146: 2114: 2061: 2050: 1963: 1672: 1611: 1401: 1383: 1218: 979: 971: 708: 696: 684: 672: 667: 626: 449: 430: 303: 2561: 2754: 2714: 2547: 2454: 2437: 2422: 2417: 2410: 2119: 2028: 2013: 1968: 1820: 1783: 1775: 1754: 1741: 1721: 1707: 1470: 1447: 1378: 1368: 1360: 1140: 538: 499: 388: 361: 188: 2835: 2729: 2709: 2661: 2553: 2427: 2097: 1803: 1582: 1539: 1496: 1413: 1408: 1297: 1247: 1098: 1049: 1004: 997: 835: 2857: 2785: 2627: 2383: 2334: 2151: 2090: 2003: 1908: 1846: 1793: 1677: 1604: 804: 766: 608: 348: 294: 480: 2654: 2078: 2042: 1975: 1798: 1621: 1594: 1577: 1521: 1480: 1062: 1041: 848: 468: 453: 442: 426: 262: 2301: 2471: 2444: 2262: 2170: 1852: 1813: 1396: 1091: 1055: 990: 843: 457: 169: 2316: 463:
Central German is spoken in large and influential German cities such as
2311: 2291: 1656: 1326: 1027: 855: 434: 177: 2497: 2245: 1891: 1808: 1589: 1544: 1516: 1342: 896: 527: 484: 400: 247: 2321: 49: 2286: 1634: 515: 445: 429:. It is spoken in the linguistic transition region separated from 2327: 1923: 1825: 492: 488: 476: 173: 393:
mitteldeutsche Dialekte, mitteldeutsche Mundarten, Mitteldeutsch
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The area corresponds to the geological region of the hilly
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Central German is distinguished by having experienced the
825: 37:"Middle German" redirects here. For other uses, see 74:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2855: 912: 875:Besch, Werner; Wolf, Norbert Richard (2009). 537:The East Central dialects are the closest to 808: 796: 773: 764: 756: 744: 732: 712: 700: 688: 676: 656: 644: 632: 612: 600: 588: 576: 560: 785:East Central German dialects spoken in the 410:Central German divides into two subgroups, 267:Central German dialects after 1945 and the 919: 905: 874: 134:Learn how and when to remove this message 14: 2856: 926: 879:. Berlin: Erich Schmidt. p. 227. 2590: 2204: 948: 900: 405:former eastern territories of Germany 72:adding citations to reliable sources 43: 1481:Plautdietsch / Mennonite Low German 483:, the main German financial center 24: 2840:Languages between parentheses are 2205: 25: 2880: 548: 877:Geschichte der deutschen Sprache 828: 261: 48: 27:Dialect group in Central Germany 59:needs additional citations for 32:Central German (disambiguation) 2844:of the language on their left. 868: 39:Middle German (disambiguation) 13: 1: 2735:Germanic substrate hypothesis 2591: 775:Nordobersächsisch-SĂĽdmärkisch 2765:Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law 1456:Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch 154:Middle German, Mitteldeutsch 7: 2745:High German consonant shift 821: 423:High German consonant shift 10: 2885: 1283:Westlauwers–Terschellings 936:According to contemporary 787:former eastern territories 36: 29: 2827: 2778: 2702: 2671: 2603: 2599: 2586: 2535: 2508: 2462:Southern Schleswig Danish 2393: 2274: 2230: 2221: 2217: 2200: 2041: 1984: 1872: 1863: 1768: 1740: 1699: 1690: 1665: 1647: 1558: 1530: 1504: 1495: 1446: 1359: 1334: 1325: 1264: 1159: 1108: 1083: 1074: 970: 961: 957: 944: 934: 269:expulsions of the Germans 260: 246: 227: 189:Linguistic classification 187: 158: 153: 148: 2864:Central German languages 2740:West Germanic gemination 2694:Ancient Belgian language 2689:Germanic parent language 2633:Weser-Rhine (Istvaeonic) 1755:Austrian Standard German 949: 861: 502:that stretches from the 425:to a lesser degree than 18:Central German languages 508:South German Scarplands 2801:Preterite-present verb 2684:Proto-Germanic grammar 2638:North Sea (Ingvaeonic) 1750:German Standard German 1426:East Frisian Low Saxon 809: 797: 774: 765: 757: 745: 733: 713: 701: 689: 677: 657: 645: 633: 613: 601: 589: 577: 561: 543:East Franconian German 392: 2806:Grammatischer Wechsel 1789:Namibian Black German 1760:Swiss Standard German 1729:Early New High German 1287:Mainland West Frisian 1148:Harlingerland Frisian 397:High German languages 2811:Indo-European ablaut 2791:Germanic strong verb 2760:Germanic spirant law 1897:Southeast Limburgish 1393:Gelders-Overijssels 1022:Irish Middle English 1012:Early Modern English 520:Rhineland-Palatinate 209:Weser–Rhine Germanic 68:improve this article 30:For other uses, see 2779:Synchronic features 2750:Germanic a-mutation 2703:Diachronic features 2053:in the broad sense 1986:East Central German 1940:Lorraine Franconian 1914:Transylvanian Saxon 1874:West Central German 1649:East Low Franconian 1559:West Low Franconian 728:East Central German 653:Lorraine Franconian 556:West Central German 448:and separated from 416:East Central German 412:West Central German 403:in the west to the 322:Lorraine Franconian 239:East Central German 234:West Central German 2796:Germanic weak verb 2605:Language subgroups 1955:Pennsylvania Dutch 1904:Moselle Franconian 1882:Central Franconian 1715:Middle High German 1466:Central Pomeranian 1421:Northern Low Saxon 1134:Wangerooge Frisian 928:Germanic languages 597:Moselle Franconian 571:Central Franconian 504:North German plain 286:Moselle Franconian 2851: 2850: 2836:extinct languages 2823: 2822: 2819: 2818: 2770:Great Vowel Shift 2582: 2581: 2578: 2577: 2531: 2530: 2377:Greenlandic Norse 2196: 2195: 2192: 2191: 2188: 2187: 2127:Southern Bavarian 2110:Northern Bavarian 2086:Highest Alemannic 2037: 2036: 1771:standard variants 1686: 1685: 1532:Standard variants 1491: 1490: 1350:Middle Low German 1321: 1320: 1317: 1316: 1121:Saterland Frisian 813:), nearly extinct 801:), nearly extinct 641:Palatinate German 562:Westmitteldeutsch 378: 377: 313:Palatinate German 180:and northeastern 144: 143: 136: 118: 16:(Redirected from 2876: 2628:Elbe (Irminonic) 2601: 2600: 2588: 2587: 2516:Mainland Gutnish 2406:Swedish dialects 2368:Middle Icelandic 2342:Middle Norwegian 2231:Historical forms 2228: 2227: 2219: 2218: 2202: 2201: 2161:South Franconian 2147:Hutterite German 2115:Central Bavarian 1935:Rhine Franconian 1870: 1869: 1700:Historical forms 1697: 1696: 1612:Surinamese Dutch 1505:Historical forms 1502: 1501: 1335:Historical forms 1332: 1331: 1084:Historical forms 1081: 1080: 968: 967: 959: 958: 946: 945: 921: 914: 907: 898: 897: 891: 890: 872: 838: 833: 832: 831: 812: 800: 777: 770: 760: 748: 736: 734:Ostmitteldeutsch 716: 704: 692: 680: 660: 648: 636: 627:Rhine Franconian 616: 604: 592: 580: 564: 450:Southern Germany 431:Northern Germany 399:spoken from the 395:) is a group of 368: 355: 346: 337: 328: 319: 310: 301: 292: 283: 274: 265: 256: 146: 145: 139: 132: 128: 125: 119: 117: 83:"Central German" 76: 52: 44: 21: 2884: 2883: 2879: 2878: 2877: 2875: 2874: 2873: 2869:German dialects 2854: 2853: 2852: 2847: 2815: 2774: 2755:Germanic umlaut 2720:Holtzmann's law 2698: 2667: 2595: 2574: 2527: 2504: 2438:South Jutlandic 2423:Danish dialects 2389: 2270: 2213: 2184: 2166:East Franconian 2120:Viennese German 2033: 2014:Silesian German 1980: 1969:Central Hessian 1859: 1784:Namibian German 1773: 1764: 1742:Standard German 1736: 1722:New High German 1708:Old High German 1682: 1661: 1643: 1554: 1526: 1487: 1471:East Pomeranian 1461:Brandenburgisch 1448:East Low German 1442: 1369:Dutch Low Saxon 1361:West Low German 1355: 1313: 1279:Schiermonnikoog 1260: 1155: 1141:Wursten Frisian 1104: 1070: 953: 940: 930: 925: 895: 894: 887: 873: 869: 864: 834: 829: 827: 824: 697:Central Hessian 578:Mittelfränkisch 551: 539:Standard German 510:, covering the 500:Central Uplands 374: 373: 366: 364: 353: 351: 344: 342: 335: 333: 326: 324: 317: 315: 308: 306: 299: 297: 290: 288: 281: 279: 272: 252: 168:, southeastern 166:Central Germany 160: 140: 129: 123: 120: 77: 75: 65: 53: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2882: 2872: 2871: 2866: 2849: 2848: 2846: 2845: 2838: 2828: 2825: 2824: 2821: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2814: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2782: 2780: 2776: 2775: 2773: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2706: 2704: 2700: 2699: 2697: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2679:Proto-Germanic 2675: 2673: 2669: 2668: 2666: 2665: 2658: 2651: 2643: 2642: 2641: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2620: 2615: 2609: 2607: 2597: 2596: 2584: 2583: 2580: 2579: 2576: 2575: 2573: 2572: 2565: 2558: 2554:Crimean Gothic 2543: 2541: 2533: 2532: 2529: 2528: 2526: 2525: 2524: 2523: 2518: 2509: 2506: 2505: 2503: 2502: 2501: 2500: 2490: 2489: 2488: 2481: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2458: 2457: 2452: 2442: 2441: 2440: 2430: 2428:Insular Danish 2425: 2415: 2414: 2413: 2411:Rinkebysvenska 2408: 2397: 2395: 2391: 2390: 2388: 2387: 2380: 2373: 2372: 2371: 2364: 2352: 2347: 2346: 2345: 2338: 2331: 2325: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2278: 2276: 2272: 2271: 2269: 2268: 2267: 2266: 2259: 2257:Old East Norse 2254: 2252:Old West Norse 2242: 2234: 2232: 2225: 2215: 2214: 2198: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2186: 2185: 2183: 2182: 2175: 2174: 2173: 2163: 2158: 2157: 2156: 2155: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2132:South Tyrolean 2124: 2123: 2122: 2112: 2102: 2101: 2100: 2095: 2094: 2093: 2083: 2082: 2081: 2074:High Alemannic 2071: 2070: 2069: 2064: 2047: 2045: 2039: 2038: 2035: 2034: 2032: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1990: 1988: 1982: 1981: 1979: 1978: 1973: 1972: 1971: 1961: 1960: 1959: 1958: 1957: 1952: 1942: 1932: 1931: 1930: 1929: 1928: 1927: 1926: 1916: 1911: 1901: 1900: 1899: 1894: 1878: 1876: 1867: 1865:Central German 1861: 1860: 1858: 1857: 1856: 1855: 1850: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1823: 1818: 1817: 1816: 1806: 1804:Barossa German 1801: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1780: 1778: 1766: 1765: 1763: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1746: 1744: 1738: 1737: 1735: 1734: 1733: 1732: 1718: 1711: 1703: 1701: 1694: 1688: 1687: 1684: 1683: 1681: 1680: 1675: 1669: 1667: 1663: 1662: 1660: 1659: 1653: 1651: 1645: 1644: 1642: 1641: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1608: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1586: 1585: 1583:French Flemish 1575: 1574: 1573: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1555: 1553: 1552: 1542: 1536: 1534: 1528: 1527: 1525: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1508: 1506: 1499: 1497:Low Franconian 1493: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1486: 1485: 1484: 1483: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1452: 1450: 1444: 1443: 1441: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1429: 1428: 1418: 1417: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1405: 1404: 1399: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1365: 1363: 1357: 1356: 1354: 1353: 1346: 1338: 1336: 1329: 1323: 1322: 1319: 1318: 1315: 1314: 1312: 1311: 1310: 1309: 1304: 1303: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1298:Westereendersk 1292: 1281: 1276: 1270: 1268: 1262: 1261: 1259: 1258: 1257: 1256: 1251: 1244: 1239: 1238: 1237: 1232: 1229: 1221: 1216: 1215: 1214: 1203: 1202: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1190: 1189: 1184: 1176: 1165: 1163: 1157: 1156: 1154: 1153: 1152: 1151: 1144: 1137: 1125: 1124: 1123: 1114: 1112: 1106: 1105: 1103: 1102: 1099:Middle Frisian 1095: 1087: 1085: 1078: 1072: 1071: 1069: 1068: 1067: 1066: 1059: 1047: 1046: 1045: 1038: 1031: 1019: 1018: 1017: 1016: 1015: 1005:Modern English 1001: 998:Middle English 994: 987: 976: 974: 965: 955: 954: 942: 941: 935: 932: 931: 924: 923: 916: 909: 901: 893: 892: 885: 866: 865: 863: 860: 859: 858: 853: 852: 851: 840: 839: 836:Germany portal 823: 820: 819: 818: 817: 816: 815: 814: 802: 783: 778: 771: 762: 750: 724: 723: 722: 721: 720: 719: 718: 706: 702:Mittelhessisch 694: 682: 665: 650: 634:Rheinfränkisch 622: 621: 620: 619: 618: 602:Moselfränkisch 594: 550: 549:Classification 547: 439:Low Franconian 381:Central German 376: 375: 371:South Marchian 365: 352: 343: 334: 325: 316: 307: 298: 289: 280: 271: 266: 258: 257: 250: 244: 243: 242: 241: 236: 229: 225: 224: 223: 222: 221: 220: 219: 218: 217: 216: 214:Central German 191: 185: 184: 162: 156: 155: 151: 150: 149:Central German 142: 141: 56: 54: 47: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2881: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2861: 2859: 2843: 2839: 2837: 2833: 2830: 2829: 2826: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2786:Germanic verb 2784: 2783: 2781: 2777: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2725:Sievers's law 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2707: 2705: 2701: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2676: 2674: 2672:Reconstructed 2670: 2664: 2663: 2659: 2657: 2656: 2652: 2650: 2649: 2645: 2644: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2625: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2589: 2585: 2571: 2570: 2566: 2564: 2563: 2559: 2556: 2555: 2550: 2549: 2545: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2539: 2534: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2513: 2511: 2510: 2507: 2499: 2496: 2495: 2494: 2491: 2487: 2486: 2485:Middle Danish 2482: 2480: 2479: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2447: 2446: 2443: 2439: 2436: 2435: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2420: 2419: 2416: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2403: 2402: 2399: 2398: 2396: 2392: 2386: 2385: 2381: 2379: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2369: 2365: 2363: 2362: 2361:Old Icelandic 2358: 2357: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2344: 2343: 2339: 2337: 2336: 2335:Old Norwegian 2332: 2329: 2326: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2284: 2283: 2280: 2279: 2277: 2273: 2265: 2264: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2249: 2248: 2247: 2243: 2241: 2240: 2236: 2235: 2233: 2229: 2226: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2203: 2199: 2181: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2169: 2168: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2153: 2152:Gottscheerish 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2128: 2125: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2107: 2106: 2103: 2099: 2096: 2092: 2091:Walser German 2089: 2088: 2087: 2084: 2080: 2077: 2076: 2075: 2072: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2058: 2057:Low Alemannic 2055: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2040: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2019:High Prussian 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2004:Erzgebirgisch 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1977: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1966: 1965: 1962: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1947: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1936: 1933: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1909:Luxembourgish 1907: 1906: 1905: 1902: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1888: 1885: 1884: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1848: 1847:Klezmer-loshn 1844: 1842: 1841:Scots Yiddish 1839: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1828: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1815: 1812: 1811: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1747: 1745: 1743: 1739: 1731: 1730: 1726: 1725: 1724: 1723: 1719: 1717: 1716: 1712: 1710: 1709: 1705: 1704: 1702: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1689: 1679: 1678:Meuse-Rhenish 1676: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1668: 1664: 1658: 1655: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1609: 1606: 1605:Kleverlandish 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1579: 1576: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1567: 1566:Central Dutch 1564: 1563: 1561: 1557: 1550: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1537: 1535: 1533: 1529: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1494: 1482: 1479: 1478: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1445: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1427: 1424: 1423: 1422: 1419: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1374:Stellingwarfs 1372: 1371: 1370: 1367: 1366: 1364: 1362: 1358: 1352: 1351: 1347: 1345: 1344: 1340: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1324: 1308: 1305: 1299: 1296: 1295: 1294:Wood Frisian 1293: 1290: 1289: 1288: 1285: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1269: 1267: 1263: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1249: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1236: 1233: 1230: 1227: 1226: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1212: 1211: 1210: 1207: 1206: 1204: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1179: 1177: 1175: 1174: 1170: 1169: 1167: 1166: 1164: 1162: 1161:North Frisian 1158: 1150: 1149: 1145: 1143: 1142: 1138: 1136: 1135: 1131: 1130: 1129: 1126: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1116: 1115: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1101: 1100: 1096: 1094: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1086: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1073: 1065: 1064: 1060: 1058: 1057: 1053: 1052: 1051: 1048: 1044: 1043: 1039: 1037: 1036: 1032: 1030: 1029: 1025: 1024: 1023: 1020: 1014: 1013: 1009: 1008: 1007: 1006: 1002: 1000: 999: 995: 993: 992: 988: 986: 983: 982: 981: 978: 977: 975: 973: 969: 966: 964: 963:Anglo-Frisian 960: 956: 952: 947: 943: 939: 933: 929: 922: 917: 915: 910: 908: 903: 902: 899: 888: 886:9783503098668 882: 878: 871: 867: 857: 854: 850: 847: 846: 845: 842: 841: 837: 826: 811: 810:HochpreuĂźisch 806: 805:High Prussian 803: 799: 794: 791: 790: 788: 784: 782: 779: 776: 772: 769: 768: 767:Erzgebirgisch 763: 759: 758:Obersächsisch 754: 751: 747: 742: 739: 738: 735: 730: 729: 725: 715: 710: 709:South Hessian 707: 703: 698: 695: 691: 686: 683: 679: 674: 673:North Hessian 671: 670: 669: 666: 664: 661:), spoken in 659: 654: 651: 647: 642: 639: 638: 635: 630: 629: 628: 623: 615: 614:Luxemburgisch 610: 609:Luxembourgish 607: 606: 603: 598: 595: 591: 586: 583: 582: 579: 574: 573: 572: 567: 566: 563: 558: 557: 553: 552: 546: 544: 540: 535: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 496: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 467:, the former 466: 461: 459: 455: 451: 447: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 419: 417: 413: 408: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 385:Middle German 382: 372: 363: 359: 350: 349:Erzgebirgisch 341: 332: 323: 314: 305: 296: 295:Luxembourgish 287: 278: 270: 264: 259: 255: 251: 249: 245: 240: 237: 235: 232: 231: 230: 226: 215: 212: 211: 210: 207: 206: 205: 204:West Germanic 202: 201: 200: 197: 196: 195: 194:Indo-European 192: 190: 186: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 157: 152: 147: 138: 135: 127: 124:December 2009 116: 113: 109: 106: 102: 99: 95: 92: 88: 85: â€“  84: 80: 79:Find sources: 73: 69: 63: 62: 57:This article 55: 51: 46: 45: 40: 33: 19: 2831: 2715:Verner's law 2660: 2655:Gotho-Nordic 2653: 2646: 2567: 2560: 2552: 2546: 2536: 2521:FĂĄrö Gutnish 2483: 2476: 2382: 2375: 2366: 2359: 2340: 2333: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2244: 2237: 2177: 2079:Swiss German 2043:Upper German 1976:Amana German 1950:Volga German 1919:HunsrĂĽckisch 1864: 1845: 1799:Unserdeutsch 1794:Berlinerisch 1727: 1720: 1713: 1706: 1666:Cover groups 1622:Mohawk Dutch 1617:Jersey Dutch 1595:East Flemish 1578:West Flemish 1522:Middle Dutch 1476:Low Prussian 1348: 1341: 1307:Terschelling 1291:Clay Frisian 1266:West Frisian 1254:Wiedingharde 1246: 1234: 1194:Heligolandic 1171: 1146: 1139: 1132: 1127: 1110:East Frisian 1097: 1090: 1063:Middle Scots 1061: 1054: 1040: 1033: 1026: 1021: 1010: 1003: 996: 989: 876: 870: 849:Upper German 726: 685:East Hessian 678:Nordhessisch 658:Lothringisch 625: 624: 569: 568: 554: 536: 497: 462: 454:Upper German 443:Benrath line 427:Upper German 420: 409: 384: 380: 379: 228:Subdivisions 213: 164:Western and 161:distribution 130: 121: 111: 104: 97: 90: 78: 66:Please help 61:verification 58: 2730:Kluge's law 2710:Grimm's law 2493:Dalecarlian 2472:Perkerdansk 2445:East Danish 2263:Old Gutnish 2239:Proto-Norse 2179:Langobardic 2171:Vogtlandian 1999:Upper Saxon 1853:Lachoudisch 1814:Lotegorisch 1692:High German 1438:Westphalian 1433:Eastphalian 1397:Achterhooks 1274:Hindeloopen 1209:Bökingharde 1178:Föhr–Amrum 1092:Old Frisian 1056:Early Scots 991:Old English 844:High German 753:Upper Saxon 746:ThĂĽringisch 714:SĂĽdhessisch 690:Osthessisch 469:West German 458:Speyer line 340:Upper Saxon 170:Netherlands 2858:Categories 2562:Burgundian 2478:Old Danish 2467:Gøtudanskt 2450:Bornholmsk 2312:Vestlandsk 2292:Kebabnorsk 2029:Halcnovian 1994:Thuringian 1657:Limburgish 1627:Stadsfries 1600:Brabantian 1327:Low German 1173:Eiderstedt 1028:Fingallian 856:Low German 798:Schlesisch 741:Thuringian 590:Ripuarisch 481:DĂĽsseldorf 435:Low German 369: 11: 356: 10: 331:Thuringian 178:Luxembourg 172:, eastern 159:Geographic 94:newspapers 2842:varieties 2834:indicate 2648:Northwest 2593:Philology 2498:Elfdalian 2433:Jutlandic 2355:Icelandic 2330:(written) 2324:(written) 2302:Trøndersk 2282:Norwegian 2246:Old Norse 2067:Coloniero 2051:Alemannic 2024:Wymysorys 1892:Colognian 1887:Ripuarian 1809:Rotwelsch 1639:Midslands 1590:Zeelandic 1571:Hollandic 1545:Afrikaans 1517:Old Dutch 1343:Old Saxon 1242:Karrharde 1224:Goesharde 1205:Mainland 938:philology 646:Pfälzisch 585:Ripuarian 528:Thuringia 485:Frankfurt 456:) by the 441:) by the 401:Rhineland 347: 9: 338: 8: 329: 7: 320: 6: 311: 5: 302: 4: 293: 3: 284: 2: 277:Ripuarian 275: 1: 248:Glottolog 2569:Vandalic 2512:Gutnish 2317:Vikværsk 2297:SognamĂĄl 2287:Bergensk 2137:Cimbrian 2105:Bavarian 2062:Alsatian 2009:Lusatian 1945:Palatine 1635:Amelands 1512:Frankish 1402:Sallaans 1384:Gronings 1235:Southern 1228:Northern 1219:Halligen 1168:Insular 985:dialects 822:See also 793:Silesian 781:Lusatian 663:Lorraine 516:Saarland 471:capital 446:isogloss 362:Silesian 358:Lusatian 254:fran1268 199:Germanic 2832:Italics 2455:Scanian 2401:Swedish 2350:Faroese 2328:Nynorsk 2307:Valdris 2142:Mòcheno 2098:Swabian 1964:Hessian 1924:Hunsrik 1836:Western 1831:Eastern 1826:Yiddish 1776:creoles 1673:Bergish 1389:Drèents 1379:Tweants 1231:Central 1213:Mooring 1076:Frisian 1035:Kildare 980:English 668:Hessian 506:to the 493:Dresden 489:Leipzig 477:Cologne 304:Hessian 174:Belgium 108:scholar 2548:Gothic 2418:Danish 2322:BokmĂĄl 1821:Yenish 1631:Bildts 1414:Veluws 1409:Urkers 1248:Strand 972:Anglic 883:  532:Saxony 512:states 491:, and 465:Berlin 389:German 367:  354:  345:  336:  327:  318:  309:  300:  291:  282:  273:  182:France 110:  103:  96:  89:  81:  2662:South 2613:North 2223:North 2207:North 1549:Kaaps 1540:Dutch 1187:Amrum 1128:Weser 1050:Scots 862:Notes 524:Hesse 115:JSTOR 101:books 2623:West 2618:East 2538:East 2394:East 2384:Norn 2275:West 2211:East 2209:and 1774:and 1769:Non- 1199:Sylt 1182:Föhr 1117:Ems 1042:Yola 951:West 881:ISBN 530:and 473:Bonn 414:and 87:news 514:of 383:or 70:by 2860:: 789:: 737:) 637:) 605:) 581:) 565:) 545:. 534:. 526:, 522:, 518:, 495:. 487:, 479:, 475:, 460:. 418:. 407:. 391:: 176:, 2557:) 2551:( 1637:/ 1633:/ 1629:/ 1551:) 1547:( 920:e 913:t 906:v 889:. 807:( 795:( 761:) 755:( 749:) 743:( 731:( 717:) 711:( 705:) 699:( 693:) 687:( 681:) 675:( 655:( 649:) 643:( 631:( 617:) 611:( 599:( 593:) 587:( 575:( 559:( 452:( 437:/ 433:( 387:( 360:- 137:) 131:( 126:) 122:( 112:· 105:· 98:· 91:· 64:. 41:. 34:. 20:)

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expulsions of the Germans

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