430:
160:. All register pages numbered consecutively and sealed so that false pages could not be substituted for the real ones. Instead of the empty pages left at the ends of the original registers in previous censuses, separate registers of daily census changes (vukuat) were now introduced, with the kaza and provincial administrative councils being required to certify their accuracy before the information was sent on to Istanbul for incorporation into the empire-wide statistics. Printed information certificates were now provided, and most of the fees went to the local informants so that reports would be regular and prompt.
140:, that tracked the values for taxation reasons, departments. Department of the Census was divided into three major bureaus: for correspondence (Tahrirat Kalemi), statistics (Ihsaiyat Kalemi), and archives (Evrak Kalemi), with an additional Forwarding Department (Irsalat Memuriyet) which cared for the dispatch and receipt of correspondence. Outside the main office in the capital, the district staffs headed by directors (nazir) were assigned to each provincial capital to direct the work of the officials stationed along the
43:. There were many special census, which Istanbul (Capital) is well known. There is considerable evidence that the census was taken throughout the empire, but it was accomplished under such severe difficulties that its results must be considered no more than estimates. The census takers were untrained and mostly unsupervised.
84:. The Tanzimat provincial reforms included provisions for census counts as part of the process by which the tax and property systems were reformed. In fact that is a system, for military and tax which state based its existence, which constantly updated and provided very accurate population change. Local mayors (
152:
Like the modern census system, the most important part is the initial compilation of permanent population registers (sicil-i niifus) in each village and each quarter of the larger towns and cities. Census scribes, in doing their job required to accompanied by the religious leaders and mayors, which
197:
Population
Certificate was an important paper to hold for the subject of the Ottoman Empire. During census each person recorded and counted in return with a signed and sealed Population Certificate (Nufus Tezkeresi), more or less a receipt for the registration, which contained the same information
114:
There were cities, regions that were essential to
Ottomans. While empire-wide census reports performed only sporadically, these cities or regions had multiple tallies. The city Istanbul had tallies in 1835, 1838, 1844, and 1857. There are not yet been uncovered summaries distributed in
76:
was completed in 1831. To provide general supervision and control and to compile and keep empire-wide population records, a separate Census
Department (Ceride-i Nufus Nezareti) was established for the first time as part of the Ministry of the Interior.
23:, did develop a reasonably efficient system for counting the empire's population only a quarter century after census procedures were introduced in the United States of America , Great Britain , and France. Four general censuses were held in the
135:
The organizational structure of the
Department of the Census (Niifus-u Umumi Idaresi) was an independent unit (mudurluk) in the Ministry of the Interior. It was separated from the army, that had its own personal records, and
153:
the data recorded not just the name and characteristics of each person found in their districts, including for the first time their gender, "women" was included in the register sheet ahead of many counterparts.
120:
396:
201:
All practical purpose
Population Certificate served both as birth certificate and identity card and had to be produced in all governmental and legal dealings.
465:
40:
141:
156:
The registration form was standardized. Standard form had types based on the persons stated religion. Separate registers for each recognized
460:
455:
80:
The 1831 census remained the only empire-wide count for official and private use for at least fifteen years, that was the beginning of
94:
were assigned locally to count the people, to announce and enforce state regulations, and, ultimately, to issue the census receipts (
418:
36:
32:
426:
502:
442:
124:
481:
450:
73:
28:
411:
404:
157:
91:
106:) which became the basis for population control as well as for the count in subsequent decades.
61:
8:
69:
170:
Gender (subsection for men; military status, the style of mustache, the style of beard)
385:
116:
65:
376:
Shaw, Stanford J. (1978). "The
Ottoman Census System and Population, 1831-1914".
429:
24:
20:
389:
60:
recorded the first general census as part of his effort to create a new army (
496:
258:
Stanford J. Shaw. "The
Ottoman Census System and Population, 1831-1914".
57:
137:
81:
217:
The first census after the
American Revolution was taken in 1790
68:, following the destruction of the Janissary Corps, known as
226:
Decennial censuses of the general population started in 1801
16:
Mass population survey conducted in the
Ottoman Empire
494:
142:Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire
119:(around the Europe and Middle East) after the
412:
101:
95:
85:
260:International Journal of Middle East Studies
257:
130:
419:
405:
192:
147:
495:
400:
64:) and bureaucracy, a period known as
375:
360:
348:
336:
324:
312:
300:
288:
276:
251:
245:
13:
14:
514:
109:
51:
428:
74:The first Ottoman general census
378:Nationalism and Ethnic Politics
369:
354:
342:
330:
503:Censuses in the Ottoman Empire
318:
306:
294:
282:
270:
239:
220:
211:
1:
233:
435:Census in the Ottoman Empire
7:
10:
519:
198:set down in the register.
125:partitioning of the Empire
474:
441:
390:10.1017/s0020743800033602
92:millet religious officers
204:
131:Department of the Census
46:
19:The Ottomans, rulers of
193:Population Certificate
163:The census questions:
102:
100:) and travel permits (
96:
86:
148:Ottoman census system
179:Craft or occupation
70:Auspicious Incident
62:Nizam-ı Cedid Army
490:
489:
510:
433:
432:
421:
414:
407:
398:
397:
393:
364:
358:
352:
346:
340:
334:
328:
322:
316:
310:
304:
298:
292:
286:
280:
274:
268:
267:
255:
249:
243:
227:
224:
218:
215:
117:Ottoman Archives
105:
99:
97:niifus tezkeresi
89:
518:
517:
513:
512:
511:
509:
508:
507:
493:
492:
491:
486:
470:
437:
427:
425:
372:
367:
359:
355:
347:
343:
335:
331:
323:
319:
311:
307:
299:
295:
287:
283:
275:
271:
256:
252:
244:
240:
236:
231:
230:
225:
221:
216:
212:
207:
195:
150:
133:
112:
103:murur tezkeresi
54:
49:
17:
12:
11:
5:
516:
506:
505:
488:
487:
485:
484:
478:
476:
472:
471:
469:
468:
463:
458:
453:
447:
445:
439:
438:
424:
423:
416:
409:
401:
395:
394:
384:(3): 325–338.
371:
368:
366:
365:
353:
341:
329:
317:
305:
293:
281:
269:
250:
237:
235:
232:
229:
228:
219:
209:
208:
206:
203:
194:
191:
190:
189:
186:
183:
182:Marital status
180:
177:
174:
171:
168:
167:Place of birth
149:
146:
132:
129:
111:
110:Special Census
108:
53:
52:General Census
50:
48:
45:
37:1905–06 census
33:1881–82 census
25:Ottoman Empire
21:Ottoman Empire
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
515:
504:
501:
500:
498:
483:
480:
479:
477:
475:Special Cases
473:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
448:
446:
444:
440:
436:
431:
422:
417:
415:
410:
408:
403:
402:
399:
391:
387:
383:
379:
374:
373:
363:, p. 331
362:
357:
351:, p. 330
350:
345:
339:, p. 330
338:
333:
327:, p. 327
326:
321:
315:, p. 327
314:
309:
303:, p. 327
302:
297:
291:, p. 327
290:
285:
279:, p. 325
278:
273:
265:
261:
254:
248:, p. 325
247:
242:
238:
223:
214:
210:
202:
199:
187:
184:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
166:
165:
164:
161:
159:
154:
145:
143:
139:
128:
126:
122:
118:
107:
104:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
75:
71:
67:
66:Nizam-ı Cedid
63:
59:
44:
42:
38:
34:
30:
27:. These were
26:
22:
443:Demographics
434:
381:
377:
370:Bibliography
356:
344:
332:
320:
308:
296:
284:
272:
263:
259:
253:
241:
222:
213:
200:
196:
162:
155:
151:
134:
113:
79:
55:
18:
121:dissolution
72:, in 1826.
41:1914 census
29:1831 census
234:References
461:1905–1906
456:1881–1882
361:Shaw 1978
349:Shaw 1978
337:Shaw 1978
325:Shaw 1978
313:Shaw 1978
301:Shaw 1978
289:Shaw 1978
277:Shaw 1978
266:(3): 326.
246:Shaw 1978
173:Residence
138:cadastral
58:Mahmut II
497:Category
188:Religion
82:Tanzimat
482:Metsovo
87:muhtars
56:Sultan
185:Health
158:millet
90:) and
39:, and
205:Notes
47:Types
466:1914
451:1831
123:and
386:doi
176:Age
499::
380:.
262:.
144:.
127:.
35:,
31:,
420:e
413:t
406:v
392:.
388::
382:9
264:9
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.