303:
and gave figures in columns opposite their name to say how many were in the family and the work they did. Others made listings of their local area on a level of detail equal to or greater than the 1841 and 1851 censuses, including names, family groups and relationships, ages, dates of birth, and population movements between parishes. The census legislation stipulated that overseers should hand over any such lists drawn up during the enumeration to the churchwardens for safe-keeping. Where this was complied with, these detailed census records were kept in a variety of record sets, such as parish registers of baptisms, marriages, and burials, or the accounts books of the overseers or churchwardens. These record sets, where they survive, are often now publicly available in local record offices and libraries and/or online, though others may exist in private hands.
235:, and future Speaker of the House of Commons. Prompted by the 1800 crop failure, which led to significant increases in food prices, a manufacturing recession and mass unemployment, and riots, Abbot believed the crisis could be solved, and future crises averted, by better knowledge of population, "wise legislation and good government". A census, Abbot argued, would enable the government to plan the distribution of grain supplies more effectively. Learning from a 1753 attempt to introduce an individual-level census combined with civil registration of births, marriages and deaths, Abbot's plan was designed to collect only a limited amount of information. Abbot was assisted in his plan by
37:
284:
the data using the centrally issued forms, or had not been able to compile it at all. As a result, many places in
England and Wales lacked returns. In Scotland, however, the responsibility for taking the count was placed on parish schoolmasters, and in recognition of the remoteness of many parishes they were given an extra six months in which to collect the information and return it to London. On the mainland of Scotland there was almost a complete return, owing to the efficiency of the schoolmasters.
584:, and successfully vetoed by the Church of England bishops in the House of Lords. “There was fierce opposition from the clergy to the introduction of any kind of civil registration, because it was thought that people would no longer use the parish church to mark traditional rites of passage. Baptisms, marriages and burials represented an important source of dependable revenue for the clergy."
595:
Nonetheless, in
December 1800 the passage of the census bill faced significant opposition from the Church of Scotland, which objected to the requirement for ministers of the Scottish kirk to perform the headcount in parishes north of the border. As a compromise, Abbot redrafted the bill to remove the
302:
As the government only wanted a headcount, and not individual details, householder registration forms were not issued to enumerators. Enumerators often made unofficial notes to assist in producing their area report, with differing levels of detail. Some drew up lists that noted the head of household
283:
The figures obtained in each parish throughout
England and Wales were presented to magistrates at the Easter Quarter Sessions and from there were sent on to the Home Office in Whitehall to be tallied. However, it was found that overseers and priests in England and Wales often had either not supplied
516:
The system of recording occupations, by classifying numbers of males and females employed either in agriculture, in trade/manufactures/handicrafts, and the number not employed by either, reportedly generated some confusion, as enumerators incorrectly classified many women, children, and servants in
246:
The 1801 census was geared to collecting data on an aggregate rather than an individual basis. Only statistical summaries were to be provided to the
Government in Whitehall, on government issued enumeration forms: authorities neither requested nor required information about individuals. Information
255:, aided by constables, tithingmen, headboroughs and other officers of the peace. In March 1801 every Overseer was charged with walking to every house or dwelling in their parish and from their visits compiling the following data for their area (parish, township or place):
311:
The censuses held in 1811, 1821, and 1831 were based on the same model as the 1801 census. With the passing of the
Population Act 1840, a new approach to censuses was adopted under the responsibility of the Registrar General and was first implemented in the
656:
This office existed in every parish in
England and Wales: there were more than 14,000 in total. It was the Overseer's job to ensure landowners paid their rates and that the sums collected were distributed to the poor and needy as parish relief.
299:. It had taken just over a year for the complete results to be published, by which time the crisis in grain supply was over and prices had fallen. The total cost of collecting and analysing the data came in at less than £6,000.
159:. In the latter part of the eighteenth century, there were several proposals for a Census Bill and a growing concern about the population of Britain and its demand for food, particularly fuelled by the publication, in 1798 of
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in 1086. Various other censuses had taken place, such as that in the sixteenth century, in which bishops were asked to count the communicants or number of families in their
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243:. Rickman subsequently undertook the analysis of the results and the preparation of abstracts and reports from the 1801 census (and the three following censuses).
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248:
136:
to be undertaken. The census was carried out in 1801 and has been repeated almost every ten years thereafter. The 1801 census estimated the population of
702:
Rickman believed this historic data would allow the
Government to measure population growth and calculate a projection of likely population growth.
2582:
678:
745:
838:
789:
966:
779:
631:
1145:
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165:
59:
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There were more women than men in the country, but not by a large amount: the imbalance was due to the numbers serving abroad;
831:
236:
723:
703:
774:
232:
2572:
228:
662:
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585:
567:
1071:
517:
the category of 'neither'. The 1811 and 1821 censuses would refine their format in attempts to minimise these errors.
1076:
641:
265:
the number of people occupied in agriculture, in trade, manufacture or handicraft, or not occupied in those classes;
1061:
862:
661:, reflecting on the success of the 1801 census, described them as "frequently illiterate, or almost illiterate".
295:, by a team of clerks, working under Rickman, before being printed in two volumes by the parliamentary printer,
259:
the number of inhabited houses and the number of families inhabiting them, and the number of uninhabited houses;
956:
97:
610:
144:
to be 8.9 million, and that of
Scotland was 1.6 million. Ireland was not included in the census until 1821.
1138:
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854:
805:
133:
54:
An Act for taking an
Account of the Population of Great Britain, and of the Increase or Diminution thereof.
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1155:
1081:
596:
requirement for
Scottish clergy to collect the information, delegating the duty to parish schoolmasters.
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41:
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989:
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974:
951:
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934:
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924:
919:
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581:
169:. The Census Bill was presented to Parliament on 20 November 1800, passed on 3 December and received
1097:
240:
219:
1131:
1123:
944:
2587:
902:
749:
433:
252:
160:
49:
503:
2 million worked in making or selling things, which ranged from handicrafts to factory work;
416:
148:
272:
In addition to this, local clergy were also called upon to supply data for the following:
8:
2462:
2457:
292:
2547:
2542:
2377:
2289:
1163:
637:
125:
121:
64:
509:
There were an increasing number of marriages in the second half of the 18th century;
288:
2154:
2149:
2101:
2096:
2071:
2066:
1112:
1066:
790:
Guide to United Kingdom Census resources, including surviving 1801 census records
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658:
2566:
152:
276:
the number of baptisms, by sex, in various years over the preceding century;
296:
170:
77:
2018:
1102:
497:
The population lived in 1.8 million houses: an average of six per house;
287:
Analysis of the 1801 census was carried out at Whitehall, in offices in
262:
the number of people, by sex, excluding men on active military service;
227:
The idea of a census had been championed, in the House of Commons, by
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2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
173:
on 31 December. The first census was held on Tuesday 10 March 1801.
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2194:
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2086:
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1153:
2048:
2043:
2038:
344:
156:
137:
633:
Pre-1841 Censuses & Population Listings in the British Isles
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2028:
2023:
92:
568:"The national census of 2011 and 1801: A world of difference"
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331:
141:
877:
780:
BBC History Working Life and the First British Census
679:"The modern census - Office for National Statistics"
176:
147:
The first census of England had been carried out by
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251:who in England and Wales were usually the local
279:the number of marriages, annually, since 1754.
1139:
839:
785:Image of the Act on the Parliamentary website
512:the population was increasing, not declining.
247:was to be collected from every household by
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832:
775:Chronology of the United Kingdom 1800-1849
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500:2 million people worked in agriculture;
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324:
166:An Essay on the Principle of Population
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506:There were more baptisms than burials;
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448:
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376:
359:
342:
306:
2583:Great Britain Acts of Parliament 1800
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134:Census of England, Scotland and Wales
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539:
116: – also known as the
601:
13:
746:"SUMMARY OF ENUMERATION M.DCCC.I."
14:
2599:
768:
488:
177:Administration of the 1801 census
35:
738:
636:. Genealogical Publishing Com.
2578:Censuses in the United Kingdom
696:
650:
589:
574:
527:
1:
536:localpopulationstudies.org.uk
520:
450:Convicts onboard prison hulks
98:Statute Law Revision Act 1871
855:Census in the United Kingdom
456:
441:
424:
386:
369:
352:
7:
1156:Parliament of Great Britain
534:The Bishops' Census of 1563
477:
447:
430:
413:
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375:
358:
341:
130:Parliament of Great Britain
42:Parliament of Great Britain
10:
2604:
2573:1801 in the United Kingdom
630:Chapman, Colin R. (1998).
319:
21:United Kingdom legislation
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2140:
2057:
2011:
2002:
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1108:Census Enumerators' Books
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103:
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29:
1098:Annual Population Survey
734:– via PressReader.
132:which enabled the first
1072:1969 (Northern Ireland)
239:who was a clerk in the
580:A plan championed by
434:British Merchant Navy
253:Overseers of the Poor
161:Thomas Robert Malthus
151:and published in the
417:British Armed Forces
325:Population by nation
1154:Legislation of the
307:Subsequent censuses
211:General information
120: – (
118:Population Act 1800
26:
2543:39 & 40 Geo. 3
2463:24 Geo. 3. Sess. 2
2458:24 Geo. 3. Sess. 1
2290:27 & 28 Geo. 2
726:. 17 November 2020
268:any other remarks.
249:census enumerators
24:
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2548:41 Geo. 3. (G.B.)
2378:8 Geo. 3. Sess. 2
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1038:
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813:Succeeded by
724:"The 1801 Census"
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233:Helston, Cornwall
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201:1811 →
122:41 Geo. 3. (G.B.)
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87:Other legislation
65:41 Geo. 3. (G.B.)
30:Act of Parliament
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798:Preceded by
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582:Thomas Potter MP
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570:. 25 March 2011.
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241:House of Commons
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105:Status: Repealed
82:31 December 1800
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769:External links
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748:Archived from
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659:Jeremy Bentham
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2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2001:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1450:by parliament
1446:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1037:(unconfirmed)
1034:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
972:
970:
968:
964:
958:
955:
953:
950:
946:
943:
942:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
904:
901:
900:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
875:
873:
869:
866:
864:
860:
856:
849:
844:
842:
837:
835:
830:
829:
826:
817:
808:
807:
796:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
772:
751:
747:
741:
725:
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
704:
699:
684:
680:
674:
672:
670:
663:
660:
653:
645:
643:9780806316130
639:
635:
634:
626:
624:
622:
620:
612:
607:
605:
598:
592:
586:
583:
577:
569:
563:
561:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
535:
530:
526:
518:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
492:
486:
480:
475:
469:(incl. other)
466:
462:
458:
453:
451:
443:
438:
436:
435:
426:
421:
419:
418:
410:
405:
399:(excl. other)
396:
392:
388:
383:
381:
380:
371:
366:
364:
363:
354:
349:
347:
346:
334:
330:
317:
315:
304:
300:
298:
294:
290:
285:
278:
275:
274:
273:
267:
264:
261:
258:
257:
256:
254:
250:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
229:Charles Abbot
221:
218:
214:
209:
200:
198:
195:
193:
192:
187:
182:
174:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
154:
153:Domesday Book
150:
145:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
102:
99:
96:
94:
90:
85:
81:
79:
75:
70:
66:
63:
61:
57:
53:
51:
47:
43:
33:
28:
19:
1971:
1939:
1903:
1879:
1847:
1811:
1775:
1735:
1699:
1667:
1631:
1595:
1563:
1523:
1507:
1487:
1471:
1459:
1056:
804:
754:. Retrieved
750:the original
740:
728:. Retrieved
698:
686:. Retrieved
682:
652:
632:
591:
576:
529:
515:
485:
478:
473:
464:
449:
432:
415:
408:
403:
394:
377:
360:
343:
310:
301:
297:Luke Hansard
286:
282:
271:
245:
237:John Rickman
226:
196:
171:royal assent
164:
146:
117:
113:
111:
78:Royal assent
18:
2005:regnal year
1452:and session
1103:Beyond 2011
1050:Census acts
967:Unpublished
730:19 November
688:19 November
611:Census Book
335:Population
314:1841 census
289:The Cockpit
184:Census 1801
93:Repealed by
2567:Categories
2330:George III
521:References
474:10,942,646
404:10,472,048
367:1,599,068
350:8,331,434
50:Long title
2538:39 Geo. 3
2533:38 Geo. 3
2528:37 Geo. 3
2523:36 Geo. 3
2518:35 Geo. 3
2513:34 Geo. 3
2508:33 Geo. 3
2503:32 Geo. 3
2498:31 Geo. 3
2493:30 Geo. 3
2488:29 Geo. 3
2483:28 Geo. 3
2478:27 Geo. 3
2473:26 Geo. 3
2468:25 Geo. 3
2453:23 Geo. 3
2448:22 Geo. 3
2443:21 Geo. 3
2438:20 Geo. 3
2433:19 Geo. 3
2428:18 Geo. 3
2423:17 Geo. 3
2418:16 Geo. 3
2413:15 Geo. 3
2408:14 Geo. 3
2403:13 Geo. 3
2398:12 Geo. 3
2393:11 Geo. 3
2388:10 Geo. 3
2320:33 Geo. 2
2315:32 Geo. 2
2310:31 Geo. 2
2305:30 Geo. 2
2300:29 Geo. 2
2295:28 Geo. 2
2285:27 Geo. 2
2280:26 Geo. 2
2275:25 Geo. 2
2270:24 Geo. 2
2265:23 Geo. 2
2260:22 Geo. 2
2255:21 Geo. 2
2250:20 Geo. 2
2245:19 Geo. 2
2240:18 Geo. 2
2235:17 Geo. 2
2230:16 Geo. 2
2225:15 Geo. 2
2220:14 Geo. 2
2215:13 Geo. 2
2210:12 Geo. 2
2205:11 Geo. 2
2200:10 Geo. 2
2142:George II
2132:13 Geo. 1
2127:12 Geo. 1
2122:11 Geo. 1
2117:10 Geo. 1
1259:1760–1764
1254:1755–1759
1249:1750–1754
1244:1745–1749
1239:1740–1744
1234:1735–1739
1229:1730–1734
1224:1725–1729
1219:1720–1724
1214:1715–1719
871:Published
806:UK census
756:21 August
613:ucl.ac.uk
231:, MP for
149:William I
2383:9 Geo. 3
2373:8 Geo. 3
2368:7 Geo. 3
2363:6 Geo. 3
2358:5 Geo. 3
2353:4 Geo. 3
2348:3 Geo. 3
2343:2 Geo. 3
2338:1 Geo. 3
2195:9 Geo. 2
2190:8 Geo. 2
2185:7 Geo. 2
2180:6 Geo. 2
2175:5 Geo. 2
2170:4 Geo. 2
2165:3 Geo. 2
2160:2 Geo. 2
2112:9 Geo. 1
2107:8 Geo. 1
2092:6 Geo. 1
2087:5 Geo. 1
2082:4 Geo. 1
2077:3 Geo. 1
2059:George I
1091:See also
863:Censuses
439:144,558
422:324,630
384:541,546
362:Scotland
157:dioceses
60:Citation
2049:13 Ann.
2044:12 Ann.
2039:10 Ann.
2003:Acts by
1167:by year
945:Ireland
903:Ireland
372:14.61%
355:76.14%
345:England
332:Nation
320:Results
216:Country
138:England
128:of the
2034:9 Ann.
2029:8 Ann.
2024:7 Ann.
2019:6 Ann.
1029:Future
640:
479:100.0%
459:0.01%
454:1,410
444:1.32%
427:2.97%
389:4.95%
16:UK act
1035:2031
810:1801
465:Total
409:95.7%
395:Total
379:Wales
142:Wales
72:Dates
67:c. 15
2012:Anne
1448:Acts
1439:1800
1434:1799
1429:1798
1424:1797
1419:1796
1414:1795
1409:1794
1404:1793
1399:1792
1394:1791
1389:1790
1384:1789
1379:1788
1374:1787
1369:1786
1364:1785
1359:1784
1354:1783
1349:1782
1344:1781
1339:1780
1334:1779
1329:1778
1324:1777
1319:1776
1314:1775
1309:1774
1304:1773
1299:1772
1294:1771
1289:1770
1284:1769
1279:1768
1274:1767
1269:1766
1264:1765
1209:1714
1204:1713
1199:1712
1194:1711
1189:1710
1184:1709
1179:1708
1174:1707
1164:Acts
1082:2000
1077:1991
1067:1920
1062:1900
1057:1800
1020:2021
1015:2011
1010:2001
1005:1991
1000:1981
995:1971
990:1966
985:1961
980:1951
975:1931
957:1939
952:1921
940:1911
935:1901
930:1891
925:1881
920:1871
915:1861
910:1851
898:1841
893:1831
888:1821
883:1811
878:1801
816:1811
800:1086
758:2016
732:2023
690:2023
638:ISBN
197:1801
140:and
112:The
291:by
163:'s
126:Act
2569::
1990:,
1986:,
1982:,
1978:,
1972:18
1962:,
1958:,
1954:,
1950:,
1946:,
1940:17
1930:,
1926:,
1922:,
1918:,
1914:,
1910:,
1904:16
1894:,
1890:,
1886:,
1880:15
1870:,
1866:,
1862:,
1858:,
1854:,
1848:14
1838:,
1834:,
1830:,
1826:,
1822:,
1818:,
1812:13
1802:,
1798:,
1794:,
1790:,
1786:,
1782:,
1776:12
1766:,
1762:,
1758:,
1754:,
1750:,
1746:,
1742:,
1736:11
1726:,
1722:,
1718:,
1714:,
1710:,
1706:,
1700:10
1690:,
1686:,
1682:,
1678:,
1674:,
1658:,
1654:,
1650:,
1646:,
1642:,
1638:,
1622:,
1618:,
1614:,
1610:,
1606:,
1602:,
1586:,
1582:,
1578:,
1574:,
1570:,
1554:,
1550:,
1546:,
1542:,
1538:,
1534:,
1530:,
1514:,
1498:,
1494:,
1478:,
709:^
681:.
668:^
618:^
603:^
541:^
338:%
316:.
1994:)
1992:5
1988:4
1984:3
1980:2
1976:1
1974:(
1966:)
1964:6
1960:5
1956:4
1952:3
1948:2
1944:1
1942:(
1934:)
1932:7
1928:6
1924:5
1920:4
1916:3
1912:2
1908:1
1906:(
1898:)
1896:4
1892:3
1888:2
1884:1
1882:(
1874:)
1872:6
1868:5
1864:4
1860:3
1856:2
1852:1
1850:(
1842:)
1840:7
1836:6
1832:5
1828:4
1824:3
1820:2
1816:1
1814:(
1806:)
1804:7
1800:6
1796:5
1792:4
1788:3
1784:2
1780:1
1778:(
1770:)
1768:8
1764:7
1760:6
1756:5
1752:4
1748:3
1744:2
1740:1
1738:(
1730:)
1728:7
1724:6
1720:5
1716:4
1712:3
1708:2
1704:1
1702:(
1694:)
1692:6
1688:5
1684:4
1680:3
1676:2
1672:1
1670:(
1668:9
1662:)
1660:7
1656:6
1652:5
1648:4
1644:3
1640:2
1636:1
1634:(
1632:8
1626:)
1624:7
1620:6
1616:5
1612:4
1608:3
1604:2
1600:1
1598:(
1596:7
1590:)
1588:6
1584:5
1580:4
1576:3
1572:2
1568:1
1566:(
1564:6
1558:)
1556:8
1552:7
1548:6
1544:5
1540:4
1536:3
1532:2
1528:1
1526:(
1524:5
1518:)
1516:2
1512:1
1510:(
1508:4
1502:)
1500:3
1496:2
1492:1
1490:(
1488:3
1482:)
1480:2
1476:1
1474:(
1472:2
1466:)
1464:1
1462:(
1460:1
1147:e
1140:t
1133:v
847:e
840:t
833:v
760:.
692:.
646:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.