1201:
1229:
877:
the publication to be stopped. The publishers were allowed to dispute the
Ministry decision in the courts. Newspapers were allowed to indicate that they were subject to censorship by publishing blank spaces. It was common for publishers to skirt the law, for example by delaying the sending of the first copy of a book to the Ministry, which meant that many controversial books were sold in the bookstores before the Ministry censors made their decision. The
43:
1215:
943:(focused on ensuring decency) has been described as extensive, as the law prohibited not only pornographic films but also films showing content that "generally violates codes of morality and law", a formulation that has been used to justify a number of controversial decisions, and according to its critics, made the film censors equal in power to the film directors. The director of the Central Film Bureau within the
826:, which ended the existence of the independent Polish state in 1795, censorship was in force on the annexed Polish lands, as the codes of occupying states generally contained severe censorship laws. Out of the three regimes, the Russian censorship was the harshest. During some periods, the censorship was so invasive that even the usage of words
1088:
revisions in 1984 and 1989. Communist era censorship targeted topics associated with Soviet repression against Polish citizens, works critical of communism or labeled as subversive, and much of the contemporary émigré literature. As elsewhere in the Soviet Bloc, the censorship was seen as enforcing the party line of the communist party.
1044:. Mere possession of such books was illegal and punishable by imprisonment. Door-to-door sale of books was banned, and bookstores—which required a license to operate—were either emptied out or closed. The press was reduced from over 2,000 publications to a few dozen, all censored by the Germans.
1108:
The censorship law was eliminated after the fall of communism in Poland, by the Polish Sejm on 11 April 1990 and the GUKPiW was closed two months later. The closing of the GUKPiW has been described as "the formal and legal fact of lifting censorship " and the year 1990 has been said to have seen the
881:
of 1935 did not discuss the freedom of press issue, which has been seen as a step backwards in the issues related to censorship, and a Press Law decree of 1938 introduced a provision which allowed
Ministry of Internal Affairs to prevent the distribution of foreign titles. 1939 saw the controversial
1087:
in 1944. Censorship affected all forms of media: print, television, radio and all kinds of performances. All publications and spectacles had to receive prior approval from GUKPiW, and it also had the right to annul any media publishing or broadcasting licenses. The press laws were subject to major
876:
of 1926 censorship targeting opposition press and publications intensified. In practice, Second Polish
Republic has been described as having "mild censorship". The censorship was carried by the Ministry of Interior. Printing presses had to provide an advance copy to the Ministry, which could order
978:
Censorship at first targeted books that were considered to be "serious", including scientific and educational texts and texts that were thought to promote Polish patriotism; only fiction that was free of anti-German overtones was permitted. Banned literature included maps, atlases and
1698:
774:. Outside the religious sphere, several royal decrees from the 17th century explicitly prohibited distribution of several texts, mainly those critical of the royalty; occasional regulations in this matter were also issued by the local municipal governments.
1121:(1997) and in the revised press law. Another article of the Constitution explicitly prevents preventive censorship, although it does not prohibit post-publishing repressive censorship which in theory might be not incompatible with the modern Polish law.
1064:
793:
was relatively uncontroversial, and attempts to ban other types of works often led to heated debates. In the last century or so of the Polish-Lithuanian
Commonwealth, the issue of censorship was therefore occasionally debated by Polish
802:, usually with regards to individual works or authors, whom some deputies either defended or criticized. There were a number of lawsuits concerning individual books, and some titles were judged and sometimes doomed to be destroyed
974:
of Poland in 1939, the occupying powers once again introduced significant levels of censorship to Polish territories. The
Germans prohibited publication of any regular Polish-language book, literary study or scholarly paper.
860:
between
November 1918 and January 1919 removed preventive censorship, abolishing a number of laws inherited from the partition period, and replacing them with ones more supportive of the freedom of press. New
987:
publications, including dictionaries. Several non-public indexes of prohibited books were created, and over 1,500 Polish writers were declared "dangerous to the German state and culture". The index of
869:, information about the war was required government's approval. The March Constitution of 1921 confirmed the freedom of speech, and explicitly abolished any preventive censorship and concession system.
1095:). During that time, censorship meant not only policing content, as even refusal to print government-endorsed texts could have severe consequences, as evidenced by an incident in 1953 when the weekly
730:
introduced the idea of wartime censorship, prohibiting distributing information on military actions. In the 17th century Poland saw the publication and adoption of the first Polish editions of the
900:
described the censorship of that time as "focused primarily on anarchists, leftists, and
Communist sympathizers among the avant-garde writers". Polish writers whose works were censored included
2373:
889:
In the Second Polish
Republic, censorship was often employed "in defense of decency" against writers whose works were considered "immoral" or "disturbing the social order. Polish historian
1128:
legislation that included the creation of a register of blocked web sites was abandoned by the Polish
Government in early 2011, following protests and petitions opposing the proposal.
814:, 1791, while it did not address the topics of freedom of press or censorship directly, it guaranteed the freedom of speech in its Article 11 of the "Cardinal and Inviolate Rights".
2641:
2656:
2608:
692:
related to a complaint by
Szwajpolt Fioł (a Franconian from Neustadt living in Krakow) against a Polish bishop who forbade a printer in Kraków from printing liturgical books in
2088:
History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe: Junctures and disjunctures in the 19th and 20th centuries. Volume III: The making and remaking of literary institutions
2613:
2465:
303:
2113:
1069:
2618:
810:. Some country-wide laws related to censorship would be eventually discussed and passed in the Sejm in the last years of the Commonwealth's existence. In particular, the
2535:
2495:
2475:
2158:
2646:
806:. Since there was no overall law about the censorship, there were often disputes about jurisdiction in this matter between the bishops, the state officials and the
2666:
2651:
2598:
2636:
2343:
1668:
2661:
2510:
2490:
2133:
2480:
929:
2220:
1150:
948:
1053:
656:
630:
890:
865:
were issued on 7 February 1919, introducing press regulation system and giving the government control over printing houses. In 1920 during the
989:
229:
1726:
1132:
1991:
1776:
1165:
said the directive "may result in adopting regulations that are analogous to preventive censorship, which is discouraged not only in the
696:; Fioł lost the case and was sentenced to prison, becoming the first known victim of censorship in Poland. In 1519 sections of the book
275:
2145:
2193:
1546:
Ohles, Frederik (2001). "Germany: The French Occupation (1806–14) and the German Confederation (1815–71)". In Jones, Derek (ed.).
1135:
has been described by some historians and activists as censorship because it criminalizes statements that allege Polish nation's
2110:
1084:
688:
dates to the late 15th or the first half of the 16th century. The first recorded incident dates to the late 15th century in the
2317:
1154:
576:
2443:
2095:
2041:
2007:
1934:
1812:
1588:
1559:
1530:
1503:
1476:
1420:
1317:
944:
287:
2287:
1252:
2169:
157:
649:
498:
262:
842:
727:
208:
1963:
1899:
1751:
1676:
1059:
689:
321:
187:
2682:
2580:
2393:
1136:
834:
581:
452:
167:
710:, were censored, making it in turn the first known Polish work to be subject to cuts by censors. A decree of king
2418:
586:
571:
439:
1177:
To avoid censorship, throughout the periods that censorship affected the Polish writers, some authors turned to
673:
642:
456:
416:
355:
714:
of 1523 has been called the first law about censorship in Poland. Together with a series of further edicts by
2703:
2505:
2500:
1850:
Czocher, Anna (2005). "Jawne polskie życie kulturalne w okupowanym Krakowie 1939–1945 w świetle wspomnień ".
1440:
771:
524:
405:
335:
625:
541:
182:
1874:
Polityka III Rzeszy w okupowanej Polsce, Tom II (Politics of the Third Reich in Occupied Poland, Part Two)
1988:
The Project of Reconciliation: Journalists and religious activists in Polish -German relations, 1956–1972
1080:
755:
731:
90:
2310:
2244:
1247:
1091:
The controls were particularly severe during the early years of the communist period (i.e., during the
473:
345:
225:
221:
1013:
2565:
1021:
1001:
759:
698:
513:
508:
385:
370:
150:
2455:
2358:
1441:"Paulina Buchwald-Pelcowa: Cenzura w dawnej Polsce. Między prasą drukarską a stosem, Warszawa 1997"
1206:
1186:
739:
503:
100:
1887:
2470:
1242:
807:
785:, and it was one of the key dimensions distinguishing the Commonwealth from the more restrictive
767:
591:
531:
483:
478:
375:
256:
241:
146:
80:
883:
2550:
2545:
2520:
2378:
1166:
1118:
1017:
857:
606:
551:
423:
395:
390:
340:
246:
125:
2083:
2031:
1951:
1924:
1727:"Zakazane książki- cenzura w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym (1918–1939) – Leksykon – Teatr NN"
1580:
1551:
853:
2575:
2525:
2485:
2438:
2433:
2423:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2383:
2368:
2363:
2353:
2348:
2338:
2303:
1802:
1638:
1520:
1493:
1374:
1307:
1101:
was temporarily closed and lost its printing house after it refused to print the obituary of
934:
909:
866:
811:
715:
601:
596:
556:
488:
433:
380:
360:
310:
215:
197:
192:
177:
172:
115:
105:
95:
85:
75:
70:
65:
32:
2283:
P. Buchwald-Pelcowa, Cenzura w dawnej Polsce. Między prasą drukowaną a stosem, Warszawa 1997
1029:
747:
2603:
2570:
2560:
2540:
2530:
2460:
2428:
2413:
2388:
1980:
1804:
Libricide: The Regime-sponsored Destruction of Books and Libraries in the Twentieth Century
823:
735:
707:
566:
561:
546:
536:
463:
446:
350:
292:
236:
202:
130:
120:
110:
1869:
1309:
Media Law in the time of liquid modernity: Hot Topics in the European and Polish Media Law
8:
2555:
2450:
1575:
Stark, Gary D. (2001). "Germany: The German Empire, (1871–1916)". In Jones, Derek (ed.).
1125:
1097:
1092:
786:
518:
493:
468:
428:
365:
329:
315:
297:
251:
140:
42:
22:
1162:
997:
901:
2165:
1894:(in Polish), Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, pp. 179, 204, 269–273,
878:
838:
400:
282:
269:
162:
135:
1009:
953:
913:
723:
2091:
2037:
2003:
1959:
1930:
1895:
1808:
1584:
1555:
1526:
1499:
1472:
1416:
1313:
1182:
971:
873:
778:
703:
1995:
1829:
1617:
1158:
1041:
1037:
980:
1610:
Historical Papers Presented at the Annual Meeting, Canadian Historical Association
1005:
2274:
2117:
1466:
1410:
1333:
1257:
1234:
1178:
993:
984:
940:
895:
790:
782:
711:
693:
2159:"Poland's "Holocaust Law" and the Complexity of Holocaust Revisionism in Europe"
1952:"From State Monopoly to a Free Market of Ideas? Censorship in Poland, 1976-1989"
2221:"Poland has filed a complaint against the European Union's copyright directive"
1147:
925:
921:
2134:"Government stopped from preparing 'illegal' anti-internet piracy legislation"
1305:
718:
it prohibited the import and even reading of a number of books related to the
2697:
1220:
1102:
1033:
789:, common in contemporary Europe. Only the banning of books that attacked the
763:
1083:
on 5 July 1946 although it traced its origins to the organs established by
1025:
917:
905:
803:
679:
751:
719:
2057:
1228:
2295:
2245:"Poland files complaint with EU's top court over copyright rule change"
1999:
1306:
Jacek Sobczak; Jedrzej Skrzypczak; Ksenia Kakareko (14 February 2017).
862:
743:
1622:
1605:
1340:
Historia cenzury na ziemiach polskich sięga pierwszej połowy XVI w.
967:
852:
Following Poland regaining independence in 1918, the cabinet of
1669:"Cenzura w Polsce Ludowej: propaganda, manipulacja, destrukcja"
1143:
827:
799:
685:
1827:
1606:"Bismarck and the Press: The Example of the National Liberals"
1065:
Main Office of Control of Press, Publications and Performances
762:, as well as by other denominations in Poland, including the
1876:(in Polish), Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, pp. 124–126
2194:"Historians fear 'censorship' under Poland's Holocaust law"
1777:"Zakazane pocałunki. Cenzura filmów w przedwojennej Polsce"
795:
734:(1601, 1603, 1617), which among others banned the books of
1375:"Polish Literature in the Shadow of Censorship. A Lecture"
1181:, others attempted to cheat the system with metaphors and
1117:
The freedom of the press is guaranteed in both the modern
1800:
958:, has been described as the "terror of the film-makers".
1464:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
680:
Kingdom of Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
2075:
1579:. Vol. 2, E–K. London: Fitzroy Dearborn. pp.
1550:. Vol. 2, E–K. London: Fitzroy Dearborn. pp.
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1253:
Internet in Poland#Internet censorship and surveillance
1956:
Censorship & Cultural Regulation in the Modern Age
1518:
1491:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
843:
Censorship in Germany § German Empire (1871–1918)
758:). Extensive internal censorship was also used by the
2148:, Marcin Sobczyk, Wall Street Journal, 16 March 2011
1892:
Polskie Państwo Podziemne (Polish Underground State)
1522:
Polish Republican Discourse in the Sixteenth Century
1338:. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. 2005. p. 121.
1270:
1196:
2146:"Polish Government Feels Urge to Regulate Internet"
1451:
1408:
1151:
Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market
2090:. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 135.
1512:
1185:, and yet others had their works published by the
1077:Główny Urząd Kontroli Prasy, Publikacji i Widowisk
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
2695:
2276:Reglamentacja wolności prasy w Polsce, 1918–1939
1794:
1109:"definite elimination" of censorship in Poland.
2272:
2111:"Security Question 2 in Country Report: Poland"
2086:. In Marcel Cornis-Pope; John Neubauer (eds.).
1922:
674:it was most notable during the Communist period
631:Internet censorship and surveillance by country
2124:, Business Software Alliance, 22 February 2012
1807:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 86–89.
1389:
1047:
856:who served as the first Prime Minister of the
2311:
1054:Censorship in the People's Republic of Poland
650:
2029:
1699:"Cenzura w Polskiej Rzeczpospolitej Ludowej"
1133:Act on the Institute of National Remembrance
1085:the provisional Polish communist authorities
672:was first recorded in the 15th century, and
2084:"Getting around Polish censorship: 1968-98"
1992:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1886:
1666:
1603:
1485:
1312:. Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. pp. 9–11.
2318:
2304:
1943:
1929:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 991–992.
1862:
1641:[Censorship in the Vistula Land].
1525:. Cambridge University Press. p. 47.
657:
643:
2023:
1868:
1696:
1621:
1438:
847:
2325:
1978:
1972:
1907:
1832:. HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE LONDON
1636:
1112:
2081:
1849:
1843:
1828:POLISH MINISTRY OF INFORMATION (1945).
1706:Ante Portas. Studia nad bezpieczeństwem
1519:Dorota Pietrzyk-Reeves (9 April 2020).
1492:Jerzy Tadeusz Lukavski (17 June 2013).
1172:
2696:
2218:
1155:Court of Justice of the European Union
2299:
2082:Bolecki, Włodzimierz (18 July 2007).
1949:
1721:
1719:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1574:
1545:
1368:
1146:filed an action for annulment of the
882:arrest of a publisher and journalist
781:was in general highly valued by the
2289:Dzieje cenzury w Polsce do 1918 roku
2122:BSA Global Cloud Computing Scorecard
1880:
1801:Rebecca Knuth; John English (2003).
1434:
1432:
1415:. Wydawn. Naukowe PWN. p. 413.
1372:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
2212:
13:
2266:
1926:Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia
1716:
1653:
14:
2715:
1465:Paulina Buchwald-Pelcowa (1997).
1429:
1345:
1079:, GUKPiW) was established in the
754:, as well as some other satires (
1667:Łęcicki, Grzegorz; UKSW (2015).
1639:"Cenzura w Przywiślańskim Kraju"
1577:Censorship: A World Encyclopedia
1548:Censorship: A World Encyclopedia
1227:
1213:
1199:
1137:responsibility for the Holocaust
992:included such Polish authors as
835:Censorship in the Russian Empire
41:
2237:
2186:
2151:
2139:
2127:
2104:
2050:
2030:Antoni Dudek (7 January 2020).
1821:
1769:
1744:
1690:
1630:
1604:Keyserlingk, Robert H. (1967).
1597:
1568:
961:
760:Roman Catholic Church in Poland
2033:Od Mazowieckiego do Suchockiej
1539:
1335:Przegląd prawa i administracji
1326:
1169:but also in the EU treaties".
728:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
2219:Liptak, Andrew (2019-05-25).
2136:, Polskie Radio, 2 March 2012
1979:Frieberg, Annika (May 2008).
1830:"THE GERMAN KULTUR IN POLAND"
1495:Libertys Folly:Polish Lithuan
1263:
817:
684:The history of censorship in
2198:Times Higher Education (THE)
1468:Censorship in ancient Poland
1409:Urszula Augustyniak (2008).
1060:communist takeover of Poland
945:Ministry of Internal Affairs
626:Freedom of speech by country
7:
1675:(in Polish). Archived from
1637:Przybyła, Zbigniew (1995).
1471:. Wydawn. SBP. p. 20.
1192:
1081:People's Republic of Poland
1048:People's Republic of Poland
830:or Polish was not allowed.
770:Churches as well as by the
756:pl:Literatura sowizdrzalska
732:Index Librorum Prohibitorum
10:
2720:
1412:Historia Polski, 1572–1795
1248:Hate speech laws in Poland
1131:The 2018 amendment to the
1051:
832:
2675:
2627:
2589:
2331:
1954:. In Beate Müller (ed.).
1781:CiekawostkiHistoryczne.pl
1697:Strządała, Gaweł (2012).
1673:Kwartalnik Nauk o Mediach
1498:. Routledge. p. 11.
1439:Głażewski, Jacek (2004).
706:, critical of the ruling
2273:Michał Pietrzak (1963).
2116:8 September 2012 at the
2036:. Otwarte. p. 337.
1923:Bernard A. Cook (2001).
1852:Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
1616:(1): 198–215, page 208.
1207:Freedom of speech portal
1187:Polish underground press
740:Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski
1958:. Rodopi. p. 141.
1950:Bates, John M. (2004).
1243:Copyright law in Poland
1159:Deputy Foreign Minister
1093:Stalinist era in Poland
1014:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski
808:Jagiellonian University
2374:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1888:Salmonowicz, Stanisław
1373:Nycz, Ryszard (2016).
1119:Constitution of Poland
858:Second Polish Republic
848:Second Polish Republic
2286:Bartłomiej Szyndler,
1113:Third Polish Republic
812:Constitution of May 3
676:in the 20th century.
34:Censorship by country
2704:Censorship in Poland
2326:Censorship in Europe
1752:"Zakazane pocałunki"
1173:Bypassing censorship
1022:Stanisław Wyspiański
1002:Stanisław Wyspiański
884:Stanisław Mackiewicz
824:partitions of Poland
736:Erasmus of Rotterdam
708:Jagiellonian dynasty
670:Censorship in Poland
577:United Arab Emirates
2590:States with limited
2279:. Książka i Wiedza.
1167:Polish constitution
1126:Internet censorship
1098:Tygodnik Powszechny
854:Jędrzej Moraczewski
787:absolute monarchies
226:Democratic Republic
2200:. 21 February 2018
2166:Human Rights First
2000:10.17615/9q1a-pd95
1870:Madajczyk, Czesław
1030:Kornel Makuszyński
930:Marian Czuchnowski
879:April Constitution
839:History of Austria
748:Stanisław Sarnicki
699:Chronica Polonorum
2691:
2690:
2097:978-90-272-9235-3
2043:978-83-240-5659-0
2009:978-0-549-53566-9
1936:978-0-8153-4058-4
1814:978-0-275-98088-7
1590:978-1-57958-135-0
1561:978-1-57958-135-0
1532:978-1-108-49323-9
1505:978-1-136-10364-3
1478:978-83-85778-80-6
1422:978-83-01-15592-6
1319:978-3-8325-4428-7
1183:Aesopian language
1018:Władysław Reymont
972:Soviet occupation
867:Polish-Soviet war
779:freedom of speech
716:Sigmismund August
704:Maciej Miechowita
690:Kingdom of Poland
667:
666:
263:Dutch East Indies
2711:
2628:Dependencies and
2332:Sovereign states
2320:
2313:
2306:
2297:
2296:
2280:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2174:
2168:. Archived from
2163:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
1990:(Dissertation).
1985:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1920:
1905:
1904:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1723:
1714:
1713:
1703:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1664:
1651:
1650:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1623:10.7202/030678ar
1601:
1595:
1594:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1516:
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2619:Transnistria
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2253:. Retrieved
2251:. 2019-05-24
2248:
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2224:
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2197:
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2177:. Retrieved
2170:the original
2153:
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2013:. Retrieved
1987:
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1677:the original
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1026:Julian Tuwim
977:
965:
962:World War II
949:Leon Łuskino
918:Anatol Stern
906:Julian Tuwim
891:Ryszard Nycz
888:
871:
851:
821:
777:The idea of
776:
697:
683:
669:
668:
499:South Africa
474:Saudi Arabia
457:Soviet Union
410:
15:
2657:Isle of Man
2592:recognition
2566:Switzerland
2501:Netherlands
2064:(in Polish)
1783:(in Polish)
1758:(in Polish)
1756:Newsweek.pl
1733:(in Polish)
1124:A plan for
1068: [
952: [
933: [
894: [
772:Polish Jews
720:Reformation
514:South Sudan
509:South Korea
406:Philippines
386:North Korea
371:New Zealand
304:World War I
188:El Salvador
2536:San Marino
2496:Montenegro
2476:Luxembourg
2456:Kazakhstan
2359:Azerbaijan
2255:2019-05-27
2230:2019-05-27
2179:2020-06-09
2068:2020-05-28
1836:2020-06-02
1787:2020-05-30
1762:2020-05-30
1737:2020-05-30
1731:teatrnn.pl
1683:2020-05-30
1264:References
1161:of Poland
947:, colonel
863:press laws
818:Partitions
804:by burning
764:Protestant
744:Copernicus
504:South Asia
101:Bangladesh
91:Azerbaijan
2647:Gibraltar
2471:Lithuania
2225:The Verge
2062:dzieje.pl
2058:"Cenzura"
1385:: 84–104.
1153:with the
752:Jan Łaski
592:Venezuela
532:Sri Lanka
525:Francoist
484:Singapore
440:Communist
417:Communist
376:Nicaragua
257:Indonesia
242:Guatemala
147:Hong Kong
81:Australia
51:Countries
2698:Category
2667:Svalbard
2652:Guernsey
2599:Abkhazia
2551:Slovenia
2546:Slovakia
2521:Portugal
2379:Bulgaria
2114:Archived
2015:27 April
1890:(1994),
1872:(1970),
1712:: 31–46.
1649:: 82–86.
1193:See also
874:May Coup
768:Orthodox
766:and the
618:See also
607:Zimbabwe
552:Thailand
424:Portugal
396:Paraguay
391:Pakistan
346:Maldives
341:Malaysia
247:Honduras
151:overseas
126:Cambodia
24:a series
21:Part of
2576:Ukraine
2526:Romania
2486:Moldova
2444:Ireland
2439:Iceland
2434:Hungary
2424:Germany
2419:Georgia
2409:Finland
2404:Estonia
2399:Denmark
2384:Croatia
2369:Belgium
2364:Belarus
2354:Austria
2349:Armenia
2344:Andorra
2339:Albania
2249:Reuters
1581:922–924
1552:920–922
981:English
968:Germany
800:sejmiks
597:Vietnam
572:Ukraine
557:Tunisia
489:Somalia
434:Romania
381:Nigeria
361:Myanmar
356:Morocco
311:Jamaica
288:Ireland
276:Islamic
216:Germany
198:Finland
193:Eritrea
178:Ecuador
173:Denmark
158:Croatia
116:Bolivia
106:Belarus
96:Bahrain
86:Austria
76:Armenia
71:Algeria
66:Albania
2662:Jersey
2604:Kosovo
2571:Turkey
2561:Sweden
2541:Serbia
2531:Russia
2516:Poland
2511:Norway
2491:Monaco
2461:Latvia
2429:Greece
2414:France
2389:Cyprus
2204:9 June
2094:
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