432:. The plan was to set fires in Tondo in order to distract the authorities while the artillery regiment and infantry in Manila could take control of Fort Santiago and use cannon shots as signals to Cavite. All Spaniards were to be killed, except for the women. News of the mutiny reached Manila, supposedly through the lover of a Spanish sergeant, who then informed his superiors, and the Spanish authorities feared for a massive Filipino uprising. The next day, a regiment led by General Felipe Ginovés besieged the fort until the mutineers surrendered. Ginovés then ordered his troops to fire at those who surrendered, including La Madrid. The rebels were formed in a line, when Colonel Sabas asked who would not cry out, "
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powers of involvement in civil government and in governing and handling universities. This resulted in the friars' fear that their leverage in the
Philippines would be a thing in the past, took advantage of the mutiny and reported it to the Spanish government as a broad conspiracy organized throughout the archipelago with the object of abolishing Spanish sovereignty. The Madrid government without any attempt to investigate the real facts or extent of the alleged revolution reported by Izquierdo and the friars believed the scheme was true.
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they needed something to justify their perpetuation, with the mutiny providing such an opportunity. However, the
Philippine Institute was introduced by the Spanish government as an educational decree fusing sectarian schools once ran by the friars. This decree aimed to improve the standard of education in the Philippines by requiring teaching positions in these schools to be filled by competitive examinations, an important step welcomed by most Filipinos.
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in the arsenal had been enjoying exemptions from both taxes and forced labor. January 20, the day of the revolt, was payday and the laborers found the amount of taxes as well as the corresponding fee in lieu of the forced labor deducted from their pay envelopes. It was the last straw. That night they mutinied. Forty infantry soldiers and twenty men from the artillery took over command of Fort of San Felipe and fired
324:). The democratic and republican books and pamphlets, the speeches and preaching of the apostles of these new ideas in Spain and the outburst of the American publicists and the cruel policies of the insensitive governor whom the reigning government sent to govern the country. Native Filipinos put into action these ideas where the occurring conditions which gave rise to the idea of achieving their independence.
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identified if the natives planned to inaugurate a monarchy or a republic because they do not have a word in their own language to describe this different form of government, whose leader in
Filipino would be called "pinuno". However, it turned out that they would set at the supreme of the government a priest and that the leader selected would be
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or a banquet to convince
Governor-General Izquierdo that Burgos was the mastermind of the coup. GĂłmez and Zamora were close associates of Burgos, so they too were included in the allegations. Also, Zaldua had been the principal informer against the three priests. His statement had been the main basis
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Public outrage over their executions eventually gave rise to the
Propaganda Movement, a late 19th-century political reform movement in the Philippines that aimed to address issues including representation in the Spanish Cortes and the secularization of the clergy. In the Spanish colonial government,
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of the fort and their comrades did not make any move to join them. Instead, the company started attacking them. The rebels decided to bolt the gates and wait for morning when support from Manila was expected to come. He gave a dispassionate account of it and its causes in an article published in the
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to announce their moment of triumph. It was a short-lived victory. Apparently, the mutineers had expected to be joined by their comrades in the 7th infantry company assigned to patrol the Cavite plaza. They became terror-stricken, however, when they beckoned to the 7th infantry men from the ramparts
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Plauchut traced the immediate cause to a peremptory order from the
Governor-General Izquierdo, exacting personal taxes from the Filipino laborers in the engineering and artillery corps in the Cavite arsenal, and requiring them to perform forced labor like ordinary subjects. Until then, these workers
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The
Central Government in Madrid proclaimed that they want to deprive the friars of all the power of intervention in matters of civil government and direction and management of educational institutions. The friars feared that their dominance in the country would become a thing of the past, and that
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at
Bagumbayan, Philippines. They were executed two days after their verdict. The charge against the three was their alleged complicity in the uprising of workers at the Cavite Naval Yard. It was believed by Governor-General Izquierdo that the Filipinos will create its own government and allegedly,
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The event was just a simple mutiny since up to that time the
Filipinos have no intention of separation from Spain but only secure materials and education advancements in the country. However, the mutiny was used at a powerful level. Also, in this time, the central government deprived friars of the
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Besides from
Gomburza execution on January 28, 1872, the military court also sentenced 41 mutineers to death. However, the next day Izquierdo pardoned 28 mutineers and the rest were confirmed to sentence. On February 6, 1872, 11 mutineers were sentenced to death but Izquierdo commuted their death
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Governor-General Izquierdo insisted that the mutiny was stimulated and prepared by the native clergy, mestizos and lawyers as a signal of objection against the injustices of the government such as not paying provinces for tobacco crops, pay tribute and rendering of forced labor. It is not clearly
685:), Agustin Mendoza, JosĂ© Guevara, Miguel Lasa, Justo Guazon, Fr. Aniceto Desiderio, Fr. Vicente del Rosario, JoaquĂn Pardo de Tavera, Antonio Ma. Regidor, JosĂ© Basa y Enriquez, Mauricio de Leon, Pedro Carillo, Gervasio Sanchez, JosĂ© Ma. Basa, PĂo Basa, Balvino Mauricio, Maximo Paterno (father of
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On the orders of Governor-General Izquierdo, a number of priests and laypeople were detained as a result of the uprising in Cavite. Among the priests detained in the days that followed were Fathers Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora, Mariano Gomez, and several Filipino lawyers and merchants. In Guam,
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to assist a revolution with which RamĂłn Maurente, the supposed field marshal, was financing with 50,000 pesos. The heads of the friar orders held a conference and decided to get rid of Burgos by implicating him to a plot. One Franciscan friar disguised as Burgos and suggested a mutiny to the
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Different accounts in the Cavite mutiny also highlighted other probable causes of the "revolution" which included a Spanish revolution which overthrew the secular throne, dirty propagandas proliferated by unrestrained press, democratic, liberal and republican books and pamphlets reaching the
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An estimated 40,000 Filipinos gathered around the execution platforms on February 17, 1872. Father Burgos accepted his fate, Father Zamora had vacant eyes, and Father Gomez was holding his head high during the execution. Along with them, Saldua, an artilleryman, was put to death.
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The death of Gomburza awakened strong spirits of anger and resentment among the Filipinos. They grilled Spanish authorities and demanded reforms due to the prejudicial governance of the authorities. The martyrdom of the three priests, ironically, assisted in the creation of the
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The Cavite Mutiny was an aim of the natives to get of the Spanish government in the Philippines, due to the removal of privileges enjoyed by the laborers of the Cavite arsenal at Fort San Felipe, such as exemption from the tribute and
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would join them in a concerted uprising, the signal being the firing of rockets from the city walls on that night. Unfortunately, what they thought to be the signal was actually a burst of fireworks in celebration of the feast of
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During the short trial, the captured mutineers testified against Father Burgos. The state witness, Francisco Zaldua, declared that he had been told by one of the Basa brothers that the "government of Father Burgos" would bring a
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José Montero y Vidal was a Spanish historian who interpreted that the mutiny was an attempt to remove and overthrow the Spanish colonizers in the Philippines. His account, corroborated with the account of Governor-General
380:(Izquierdo's predecessor) to subject the soldiers of the Engineering and Artillery Corps to personal taxes, from which they were previously exempt. The taxes required them to pay a monetary sum as well as to perform
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and laborers rose up in the belief that it would elevate to a national uprising. The mutiny was unsuccessful, and government soldiers executed many of the participants and began to crack down on a burgeoning
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The three priests were judged guilty of treason as the leaders of the mutiny by the Spanish court on the evening of February 15, 1872. Early the next morning, the verdict was announced at Fort Santiago.
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for the convictions and he had been promised pardon in exchange for his testimony, however, he was condemned along with the three. He was the first to be executed among them on February 17, 1872.
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Furthermore, there were people being sentenced by the military court of Spain to exile them to the Marianas (now Guam): Fr. Pedro Dandan, Fr. Mariano Sevilla, Toribio H. del Pilar (brother of
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Philippines, and most importantly, the presence of the native clergy who out of animosity against the Spanish friars, "conspired and supported" the rebels and enemies of Spain.
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sentences to life imprisonment. Together with execution of the three martyrs, Enrique Paraiso, Maximo Innocencio and Crisanto de los Reyes were imposed ten years imprisonment.
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On February 15, 1872, the Spanish colonial authorities charged the Fathers Burgos, Gomez and Zamora with treason and sedition, and subversion; and were sentenced to death by
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which aimed to seek reforms and inform the Spanish people on the abuses of its colonial authorities in the Philippine Islands.
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parish priests. In spite of the mutiny, the Spanish authorities continued to employ large numbers of native Filipino troops,
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the three priests were nominated as the leader of the planned government in order to break free of the Spanish government.
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419:. They seized Fort San Felipe and killed eleven Spanish officers. The mutineers thought that Filipino native soldiers in
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in Spain during that time added more determination to the natives to overthrow the current colonial Spanish government.
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In the immediate aftermath, some Filipino soldiers were disarmed and later sent into exile on the southern island of
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A historical marker installed in 1972 by the National Historical Commission at Samonte Park to commemorate the mutiny
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The causes of the Cavite Mutiny can be identified through examining the different accounts in this historic event.
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Foreman, J., 1906, The set course for her patrol area off the northeastern coast of the main Japanese island
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on 41 of the mutineers. On February 6, eleven more were sentenced to death, but these were later commuted to
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in 1877. He traced that the primary cause of the mutiny is believed to "be an order from Governor-General
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Finally, a decree was made, stating there were to be no further ordinations/appointments of Filipinos as
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further Filipinos were punished. The three priests, however, received a garrote death sentence.
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nationalist movement. Many scholars believed that the Cavite mutiny was the beginning of
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Schumacher, John (March 2011). "The Cavite Mutiny Toward a Definitive History".
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the movement aimed to promote more autonomy and representation for Filipinos.
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956:"Life and Works of Rizal by Wani-Obias, Mallari, Estella PDF | PDF"
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The Cavite Mutiny - 12 Events That Have Influenced Filipino History
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On January 27, 1872, Governor-General Izquierdo approved the
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in their colonial forces through the 1870s–1890s until the
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sergeant with his second in command Jaerel Brent Senior, a
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In addition, accounts of the mutiny suggest that the
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267:) on January 20, 1872. Around 200 locally recruited
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492:was a close friend of Burgos, dedicated his work,
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827:Piedad-Pugay, Chris Antonette (April 10, 2013).
763:. She arrived, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons
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775:In search of Southeast Asia: a modern history
724:In search of Southeast Asia: a modern history
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114:Forced exile of many Philippine liberals to
602:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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829:"THE TWO FACES OF THE 1872 CAVITE MUTINY"
799:"The Two Faces of the 1872 Cavite Mutiny"
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622:Learn how and when to remove this message
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978:The Two Faces of the 1872 Cavite Mutiny
929:Ocampo, Ambeth R. (February 18, 2015).
411:Their leader was Fernando La Madrid, a
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1716:History of the Philippines (1565–1898)
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1639:"Evolution of the Philippine Flag" set
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902:"Gomburza and the Propaganda Movement"
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27:Filipino uprising against Spanish rule
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1634:Flags of the Philippine Revolution
280:that would eventually lead to the
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564:Behind the story of Cavite mutiny
1711:Philippine revolts against Spain
1518:American Anti-Imperialist League
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263:(then also known as part of the
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42:Philippine revolts against Spain
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1488:Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916
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1524:Iglesia Filipina Independiente
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777:. University of Hawaii Press.
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726:. University of Hawaii Press.
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296:Spanish accounts of the mutiny
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1555:Philippine Revolutionary Army
1370:Kapampangan Counterrevolution
877:. Brassey's. pp. 98–99.
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1447:Federal State of the Visayas
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345:Other accounts of the mutiny
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1422:Declaration of Independence
288:Causes of the Cavite mutiny
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983:November 24, 2021, at the
906:www.philippine-history.org
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362:Account of Edmund Plauchut
218:One regiment, four cannons
137:(1896–1898) and later the
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1417:Revolutionary Government
1385:Republic of Biak-na-Bato
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352:Trinidad Pardo de Tavera
1701:1872 in the Philippines
1686:19th-century rebellions
1646:Flag of the Philippines
1550:Philippine Constabulary
1473:Philippine–American War
1365:Katagalugan (Bonifacio)
1232:No sign for successful
862:: 58 – via JSTOR.
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139:Philippine–American War
1706:Philippine nationalism
1412:Dictatorial Government
689:) and ValentĂn Tosca.
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188:Commanders and leaders
1584:Kartilya ng Katipunan
1452:Republic of Zamboanga
1285:Philippine Revolution
657:Execution of Gomburza
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374:Revue des Deux Mondes
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135:Philippine Revolution
44:and the aftermath of
1610:Pact of Biak-na-Bato
1590:Malolos Constitution
1402:Spanish–American War
935:opinion.inquirer.net
805:on November 24, 2021
683:Marcelo H. del Pilar
596:improve this section
558:Spanish–American War
278:Filipino nationalism
245:Pag-aaklas sa Kabite
131:Filipino nationalism
1721:January 1872 events
1478:Katagalugan (Sakay)
1329:Propaganda Movement
1198:2019 (Bikoy videos)
931:"Not just Gomburza"
873:Field, Ron (1998).
835:on October 10, 2013
773:Chandler, David P.
722:Chandler, David P.
672:Propaganda Movement
511:Spanish East Indies
401:Glorious Revolution
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88:Spanish East Indies
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1380:Tejeros Convention
1355:Cry of Pugad Lawin
1334:Palmero Conspiracy
856:Philippine Studies
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208:Fernando La Madrid
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454:Mariano Gomez
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18:Cavite mutiny
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940:November 13,
938:. Retrieved
934:
911:November 13,
909:. Retrieved
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833:the original
809:November 13,
807:. Retrieved
803:the original
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382:forced labor
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157:
152:Belligerents
103:
40:Part of the
29:
1032:Philippines
839:October 12,
550:carabineros
529:capital of
458:José Burgos
434:Viva España
350:Account of
335:José Burgos
274:Philippines
141:(1899–1902)
1675:Categories
1659:Spoliarium
1348:Concurrent
1188:1987 (Jul)
1160:2001 (Jan)
1154:1990 (Oct)
1148:1990 (Mar)
1136:1987 (Aug)
1130:1987 (Apr)
1124:1987 (Jan)
1118:1986 (Nov)
1112:1986 (Jul)
1077:1896 (Dec)
1041:successful
709:References
637:navy fleet
486:José Rizal
482:Bagumbayan
369:carronades
1569:Documents
1560:Pulajanes
1530:Katipunan
1390:Elections
1243:self-coup
1048:1587–1588
583:does not
560:of 1898.
535:Barcelona
440:Aftermath
116:Hong Kong
1696:Mutinies
1461:Epilogue
1339:Gomburza
981:Archived
546:Catholic
513:such as
466:Gomburza
446:Mindanao
430:Sampaloc
384:called,
241:Filipino
213:Strength
124:Marianas
110:Gomburza
75:Location
1627:Symbols
1317:Prelude
1296:Battles
1212:Related
1181:Alleged
1030:in the
663:garrote
639:of the
604:removed
589:sources
527:Spanish
490:Paciano
478:Tagalog
470:garrote
413:mestizo
253:arsenal
233:Spanish
1310:Events
1301:People
1221:(2003)
881:
781:
761:Honshū
730:
531:Madrid
523:Europe
474:Luneta
460:, and
450:friars
421:Manila
417:moreno
407:Battle
257:Cavite
122:, the
100:Result
84:Cavite
1028:Coups
390:falla
120:Japan
1395:Pact
1234:coup
1193:2006
1171:2007
1142:1989
1095:1972
1089:1967
1083:1935
1071:1872
1065:1828
1059:1823
1054:1719
942:2019
913:2019
879:ISBN
841:2023
811:2019
779:ISBN
728:ISBN
587:any
585:cite
552:and
533:and
515:Guam
227:The
67:Date
598:by
480:as
472:in
337:or
255:in
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1241:‡
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1167:*
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1144:*
1138:*
1132:*
1126:*
1120:*
1114:*
1103:*
1097:‡
1091:*
1085:*
1079:*
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1067:*
1061:*
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610:(
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592:.
318:(
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