Causes of poverty - Knowledge

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can combat poverty both in the present and the future. However, only $ 6 billion of private infrastructure investment was directed toward the world’s poorest economies between 2010 and 2019, representing about 1% of the total $ 1.1 trillion invested during that period. This occurred during a historic era of erratic monetary policy, with central banks injecting liquidity into global markets. Since 2021, there have been concerted efforts to promote private investment in infrastructure projects in low-income economies.

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is $ 3.20 a day. For upper middle income nations, the delineation is $ 5.50 a day. These delineated standards account for differences in economies, since a poor household in a rich economic bloc is substantially more economically privileged than one in an economically deprived bloc. Thus, a discussion of poverty in an advanced economy has to take into account that absolute poverty might not be readily applicable to people in that economy.

24: 459: 797:, in 2019, was 10.5 percent, the reported lowest reported since 1959. The poverty rate varies across racial lines and was reported to have reached "historic lows in 2019". For black Americans, the rate was about 18.8%; for white Americans (non-Hispanic), the rate was 7.3% and for Hispanics, it was 15.7%. For Asians, the rate was 7.3%, "the lowest on record". 781:

of poverty. In response to these challenges, South Africa initiated the so-called Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) to participate in job creation and promoting equitable policies in employment practices. The government has also endeavored to improve schools, provide health care for the poor, children (ages 6 and below) and pregnant women.

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Specifically, the poverty rate, in 2019, was most notable in the younger age category of 18 to 24 years old, of which 17.1% were males versus 21.35% females. Children were, as a group, most affected by poverty between the period, 1990 and 2018. Between 2000 and 2010, the poverty rate increased. A dip

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Bangladesh has made some strides in eradicating poverty through poverty reduction strategies (PRS). As a result of those strategies, some critical markers, indicative of poverty, show promise, viz. child mortality has decreased, gender parity is being promoted, micro-credit is practiced and a vibrant

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Debt – on a micro level, as evidenced in advanced economies, causes poverty as more people without money/resources borrow more to either live within or outside their financial means. On a macro or national level (or even regional level), multilateral lending institutions create unfavorable conditions

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The World Bank affirms that, without much needed intervention, climate change could cause more than 100 million people, world-wide, to plunge into poverty by 2030. By 2050, regional areas like Latin America, South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa could trigger migratory patterns potentially impacting over

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Absolute poverty is a lack of basic necessities, based on a set income level. Per World Bank guidelines, people living on less than $ 2.15 a day are considered to be living in extreme poverty. This generally applies to people in low income countries. For lower middle-income countries, the delineation

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Advanced economies utilized almost 28 percent of their GDP to keep their communities and others beyond them afloat. Similarly, middle income economies spent 7% of their GDP while developing economies spent 2% of their GDP for the upkeep of their own communities. These measures, ultimately, protected

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The United States economy, complex and highly developed, is the largest global economy with the sixth highest per capita GDP (PPP) and about 20% of the total global output. The economy comprises dominant production sectors such as technology, financial services, healthcare, and retail. More than 20%

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are multi-faceted. Major causes of poverty, precipitated by a history of apartheid, involve disparities in the distribution of resources, coupled with poor educational opportunities. Non-whites have also had poor access to job opportunities and health care—known catalysts in the generation and cycle

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The causes of poverty in Russia are complex: a shrinking economy, inflation, falling oil prices and in a rise in "consumer prices". High transportation costs, including the cost of logistics, and the perception of inequality have hindered growth in investments, which, in turn, has generated a cycle

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Once part of the USSR, Moldova is regarded as the poorest country in Europe, with a reported "GDP per capita of $ 2,289". Despite that designation, Moldova has taken strides in reversing that designation. Between 2006 and 2015, the percentage of its people living below the national poverty line fell

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Despite this depiction, the World Bank has committed financial resources (in the tune of over US$ 834.41 million—in October 2020) to resuscitate Haiti's economy. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) has also rendered support in re-vitalizing Haiti's economy in the areas of "energy, beverage ,

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plays a key role in driving profit generation, leading to objective changes, more perceived efficiency, and innovation. Simultaneously, the government ensures a competitive and responsible marketplace wherein economic activity can thrive. From this perspective, private investments in infrastructure

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Apart from the 2021 COVID-19 pandemic that has affected it (both politically and economically), particularly the poor and most vulnerable, Haiti has other natural elements such as hurricanes and earthquakes that have rendered some damage to its fragile infrastructure and limited economic resources.

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It is projected that by 2030, nine countries with an expanded segment of the "extreme poor" will be in Africa, with Burundi and North Korea tied together in tenth place. A number of middle-income economies will likely see an increased incidence of poverty in their nations as well. Notwithstanding,

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There are behavioral, structural and political theories on the causes of poverty: "Behavioral theories concentrate on individual behaviors as driven by incentives and culture. Structural theories emphasize the demographic and labor market context, which causes both behavior and poverty. Political

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have argued that the criminalization of poverty and mass incarceration is a neoliberal policy for dealing with social instability among economically marginalized populations. According to Wacquant, this situation follows the implementation of other neoliberal policies, which have allowed for the

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According to the Marxist theory, inequality (inherent in a class system) fosters poverty; both entities are generated from a "capitalist mode of production" with capitalism contributing to "inegalitarian social structures". Marxists believe the structural nature of society (which is the cause of

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The International Food Study Institute had a brief on a collection of extensive studies that analyzed the causes of poverty, with analysis of household data and review of empirical findings in 20 countries. Some of the major causes of poverty, with historical perspective, were noted as follows:

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perspective attributes poverty to centralization of free markets, sole government ownership of business enterprise and de-capitalization – a system in which capital, wealth and resources are at the sole discretion of government versus the individual. In the context of neoliberalism, a delicate

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increased due to a change in the policies of commodity pricing which—in turn—increased the poverty rate. From 1960 to 2009, slow economic growth has contributed to the persistence of poverty and has also contributed to the non-poor becoming poor. Although poverty has been reduced overall, the

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The aforementioned progress made will be (and has been) reversed by the current global COVID-19 pandemic crisis, which is significantly affecting national, regional and global economies through unemployment, layoffs, poor delivery of essential goods and services as well as disruptions in the

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may vary with respect to nation, region, and in comparison with other countries at the global level. Yet, there is a commonality amongst these causes. Philosophical perspectives and especially historical perspectives, including some factors at a micro and macro level can be considered in

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Relative poverty refers to individuals or entities that do not meet minimum standards versus others in the same area, place and time. A lot of poorer economies can have both absolute and relative poverty affecting its respective people. Relative poverty generally exists more in advanced

335:. The effects of colonialism left behind institutions that were new, alien and unsustainable. The lack of continuity in these foreign institutions, left entirely in the untrained hands of the prior colonized populace, tended to generate poverty in the communities. 295:

Unemployment – in half a dozen countries, where young people joined gangs and rebel groups (a factor leading to poverty), two thirds of the respondents (in a survey) reported that unemployment and slim opportunities were the main reasons in the promotion of

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Haiti, regarded as "the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere", has a GDP (per capita) of about US$ 797, as reported in 2019. Greater than 6 million Haitians reportedly live on less than US$ 2.41 per day, and more than 2.5 million on US$ 1.12 per day.

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War, crime and violence are some primary causes of poverty noted. In 39 countries (since 2000), where political violence and organized crime historically thrived, the poverty level was twice that in countries with less reported war, crime and violence.

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According to the World Bank, in 2015, approximately 734 million people, equating to 10 percent of the world's population, survived on less than $ 1.90 a day—versus 1.9 billion people in 1990 (equating to about 36 percent of the world's population).

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Intermingled social and demographic factors – which create unsustainable family structures and barriers, viz. single headed families with children and those with an unemployed head of household tend to gravitate towards less pay and higher rate of

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threaten education – changes in climate cause destruction of property (schools) and cause labor shifts that occur as children are removed from school. This roll over effect causes systemic poverty, since poor education equates to poorer economic

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and violation of commerce and labor codes. According to Wacquant, neoliberalism does not shrink government, but instead sets up a "centaur state" with little governmental oversight for those at the top and strict control of those at the bottom.

625:) contributes to global poverty through climate change and environmental degradation, especially in poorer economies. With the COVID-19 pandemic causing economic slowing of China's economy, anticipated redress appears to be futuristic for now. 804:

The number of people living in relative poverty, across the country, tends to vary from state to state, e.g. in California (in 2018), 4.66 million people lived in poverty versus in Minnesota with about 456,000 people that lived in poverty.

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as the solution to poverty. In essence, the "major levers of the economy" must be de-privatized and allocated to the working community-class that will adequately represent "the interests of ordinary people, rather than the wealthy elite."

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Though China is the second largest economy in the world and regarded as an upper-middle-income country, with a delineated poverty line of US$ 5.50 a day, about 373 million Chinese are believed to live below that stipulated poverty line.

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Notwithstanding, some notable causes of poverty Bangladesh is fighting against are: remnants of inequality, burdened healthcare costs, poor governance at multiple levels, inadequate sanitation and limited access to safe drinking water.

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perspective attributes poverty to the ill-distribution of capital, wealth and resources that favor the interests of the "wealthy elite" or the "financial aristocracy" versus the community at large. The socialist tradition calls for the

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world system starting in the late 15th and early 16th centuries that created "periods of severe social and economic dislocation" which resulted in wages crashing to subsistence levels, rising mortality rates and the proliferation of

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Inadequate food and poor or limited access to clean water – relocation in search of food and clean water drains limited resources (especially in poor economies), causing the poor to get poorer as they seek basic necessities for

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include "people with activity limitations (physical or mental disability), singles (unattached individuals), persons in lone-parent families, people with less than a high school education and minorities who are immigrants."

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Discrimination, inequality (racial/gender and other biases) – individuals treated less favorably because of any kind of discrimination, bias or prejudice get lesser access to opportunities to get out of poverty.

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Inadequate, limited or poor access to healthcare – unhealthy people work less, are less productive and place demands on an already over-burdened healthcare system. This cycle causes affected people to stay poor.

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precipitate refugee migration – refugee migrations in search of food, water and safety tax environments with overcrowding, helps promote poor hygiene and gender based violence (an environment in which poverty

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According to Russia's State Statistics Service (Rosstat), Russia's poverty statistics equaled 14.3%, or 20.9 million people versus 13.9%, or 20.4 million people, in the first three months of 2018.

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Limited access to educational opportunities – which impacts communities with low skilled labor. Adults without a high school diploma or college degree and/or marketable skills end up earning less.

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education and health sectors. One fact is clear: the effects of COVID-19 will impact the poor and poor economies to a disproportionately high degree, and causing more people to become poor.

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Nigeria is the most populated African nation with 42.54% of the population falling within the age group of 0 -14. Despite the population growth and its status as an OPEC member, Nigeria has

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Unequal distribution of resources – disparities in the distribution of resources causes systemic poverty while those with more resources get wealthier and better access to services.

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garment manufacturing, financial markets, and hospitality." Other resources from donors include over US$ 40 million for economic remedy in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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postulated that under the socialist perspective, the suppression of individual rights and that of a free market economy can result in political absolutism and authoritarianism.

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threaten public health by creating less pure air, limited drinking water and poor sanitation, with poorer communities suffering more (an environment in which poverty thrives).

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Thus, overall, promising results are being observed in the sectors of education, health, better access to safe drinking water, energy production, agriculture and transport.

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Activist group Canada Without Poverty, referencing Statistics Canada, identifies that 1 in 7 individuals or 4.9 million persons in the nation are experiencing poverty.

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In retrospect, countries, all over the world, injected vast monetary resources into social programs to mitigate the financial woes associated with the pandemic.

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Conflict – particularly affects women in poorer economies. National or regional violence/unrest disrupts society and generates greater poverty in impacted areas.

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Despite South Africa being ranked 38th in the "ranking of the richest countries with net financial assets per capita of $ 8,385 (R140,200)", the causes of

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limit agriculture and food sources – in poorer nations, limited agricultural produce/food threatens survival and strains resources, a catalyst for poverty.

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Lack of access to education – poorly educated individuals get limited opportunities to succeed in a dynamic work environment. Illiteracy fosters poverty.

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these projected trends are reversible with the creation of social programs that can be utilized to protect the most vulnerable in each community nation.

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Unemployment or little to no access to livelihoods – without money from employment, individuals and communities suffer poverty as a direct causation.

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The full impact of COVID-19 on poverty, in countries world-wide, is expected to be fully discerned in a period of 12 to 24 months, from 2021.

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While richer economies suffer less than poorer economies, richer economies are affected as well—through an increased burden of responsibility.

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from participating in fair economic enterprise and access to institutions/markets. This exclusion generated a cycle and persistence of poverty

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theories contend that power and institutions cause policy, which causes poverty and moderates the relationship between behavior and poverty."

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Projections reveal that the long-term effects of COVID-19 will likely expand poverty in countries with the following defining parameters:

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have been rooted in "institutional and political instability" that chronically suffocate the growth of its social and economic sectors.

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economic stagnation—in which low cost, "low end" manufacturing has plateaued (and a "new growth model" is long overdue)

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economic stagnation with poor transition to a dynamic economy (agricultural based to a technological based economy).

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and Dylan Sullivan posit that it was the expansion of colonialism and the bulldozing of regions into the emerging

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or terms of debt repayment to poorer economies, leading to greater burden of repayment that affects the masses.

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Picketers, including Charles Zimmerman, carry signs such as "End Discrimination at Lunch Counters" (5279334695)

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Balisacan, Arsenio M. (October 1995). "Anatomy of Poverty during Adjustment: The Case of the Philippines".

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Vladimir Putin is promoting a program aims to reduce poverty in the face of economic difficulties due to

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poverty) has to be changed to remedy poverty in society. Conversely, critics to this perspective, like

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World Socialist Website - Published by the International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI)

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Article is badly structured sometimes repeats itself and contains some less relevant information.

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of public functions, the shrinking of collective protections for the working class via economic

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Societal inequity with associated disparities in pay, skills, opportunities and employment.

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Ahmed, Akhter U.; Hill, Ruth Vargas; Smith, Lisa C.; Frankenberger, Tim (October 2007).

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of 14.4% was later noted in 2019. People of ages 65 to 74 had the lowest poverty rate.

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The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order: America and the World in the Free Market Era

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The causes of relative poverty in the US are complex and revolve around the following:

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limited access to credit, in some cases—creating more poverty via inherited poverty.

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living in extreme poverty, with some people living on as little as $ 1.90 a day.

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Deforestation has also exacerbated the effects of storms, floods and hurricanes.

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the systematic exclusion of ethnic minorities, ethnic castes, tribes, women and

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Bhattacharyya, Sambit (19 May 2016). Brady, David; Burton, Linda M (eds.).

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Percentage of the population living on less than US$ 1.90 a day (PPP 2011)

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of companies on the Fortune Global 500 originate from the United States.

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Poverty in the Philippines : causes, constraints, and opportunities

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Labor market issues – which adversely impact wages, skills and benefits.

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FocusEconomics - Economic Forecasts from the World's Leading Economists

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Haymes, Stephen; Vidal de Haymes, Maria; Miller, Reuben, eds. (2015).

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Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin, Madison

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Punishing the Poor: The Neoliberal Government of Social Insecurity

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the inability of poor households to invest in property ownership.

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Thomas B. Kennington – The pinch of poverty – Google Art Project

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List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty

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increase in inequality, with the growing increase in urban and

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Poverty in Canada: implications for health and quality of life

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Caught: The Prison State and the Lockdown of American Politics

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Statistics Canada reported in 2013 that high-risk groups for

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via the following, especially in highly indebted countries:

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balance between government and the economy is achieved. The

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College of Mount Saint Vincent - For Public Policy Research

2105:"The Historical Origins of Poverty in Developing Countries" 1464: 1231: 1024:"What's The Meaning Of The World Bank's New Poverty Lines?" 3186: 2959:(Third ed.). Toronto: Canadian Scholars. p. 28. 2724:"South Africa's average household wealth versus the world" 1701:"HOW THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE KEEP PEOPLE IN POVERTY" 1504:"Root Causes of Violent Conflict in Developing Countries." 1399:"The punitive regulation of poverty in the neoliberal age" 1277: 1022:

Silver & Gharib, Marc & Malaka (25 October 2017).

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many families and communities from plunging into poverty.

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Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (27 June 2013).

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Olivia Giovetti; Kieran McConville (25 September 2019).

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Characteristics and causes of severe poverty and hunger

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Policies and practices – that adversely impact health,

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The effects of pollution (with China being the biggest

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The Routledge Handbook of Poverty in the United States

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inequality of poverty has increased, according to the

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limited/poor education leading to fewer opportunities.

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Dooley & Khara, Meagan & Homi (2 June 2021).

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The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty

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The World Bank - Working for a World Free of Poverty

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Acemoğlu, Daron; Robinson, James (30 January 2017).

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According to an article by Giovetti and McConville,

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Cost of living protest in London – 12 February 2022

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mass incarceration of the poor in the United States

3023: 2663:"21M Russians Live in Poverty, Official Data Says" 1344: 1088:"The socialist answer to unemployment and poverty" 242: 3026:"Long-run impacts of COVID-19 on extreme poverty" 2757:"What Are the Causes of Poverty in South Africa?" 1123:Annals of the Association of American Geographers 4174: 1585: 1548: 1546: 391: 101: 2694:"Poverty in Russia to rise sharply: World Bank" 874:Conflict ridden regions with fragile governance 608:lack of a pension system for the rural elderly. 487:– equates to unequal distribution of resources. 2626: 2502:MOLDOVA - Prepared by the Moldovan authorities 1616: 1212: 4059: 3871: 3202: 2102: 1543: 1429: 116: 1881: 942:Parliament of Canada - Library of Parliament 698:lack of ample large-scale industrialization. 520: 177:with the rise of neoliberalism. Sociologist 1232:Haymes, Vidal de Haymes & Miller (2015) 614:diminishing returns in investment vehicles 277: 4066: 4052: 3878: 3864: 3209: 3195: 1295: 605:and a rising proportion of the rural poor 3182:The factors causing poverty and suffering 2589: 1951:"Debt pushes millions below poverty line" 1636: 1526: 1159: 987: 932: 452:Climate change, damage to ecosystems and 318:maintain that poverty is associated with 155: 67:Learn how and when to remove this message 3826:Providing Urban Amenities to Rural Areas 3132: 2691: 2592:Economic Development and Cultural Change 2401:SMITH, KAREN FRAGALA (15 January 2010). 1674:The European Anti-Poverty Network (EAPN) 1393: 1362: 1338: 1200:"Can Government be Run Like a Business?" 598:" with persistent "low paid labor" jobs 457: 442: 431: 419: 408: 382: 285: 138: 121: 88: 3885: 3059: 2954: 2823:from the original on 17 September 2020. 2810: 2117:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199914050.001.0001 2041: 1759: 1617:Sullivan, Dylan; Hickel, Jason (2023). 1283: 623:contributor to greenhouse gas emissions 4175: 3353:Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 3083: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3009: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2921: 2919: 2912:from the original on 12 November 2020. 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2861: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2833: 2806: 2804: 2797:from the original on 21 November 2020. 2734:from the original on 27 September 2020 2673:from the original on 19 September 2020 2657: 2655: 2653: 2571:from the original on 20 September 2020 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2418: 2416: 2396: 2394: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2296:from the original on 30 September 2020 2280: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 1839:from the original on 23 September 2020 1498: 1496: 1350: 1243: 1034:from the original on 23 September 2020 935:"The Poverty Prism: Causes of Poverty" 815:Inequitable distribution of resources. 4073: 4047: 3859: 3190: 2994:from the original on 10 November 2020 2978: 2976: 2937:from the original on 27 January 2022. 2874:from the original on 6 December 2020. 2846:from the original on 27 January 2022. 2751: 2749: 2511:from the original on 7 September 2005 2475:from the original on 16 November 2020 2434:from the original on 27 November 2020 2400: 2192:from the original on 24 December 2020 2176: 2174: 2159:from the original on 25 February 2015 1948: 1869:from the original on 5 September 2020 1826: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1793:from the original on 13 February 2021 1777: 1775: 1741:from the original on 7 September 2020 1664: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1581: 1579: 1460: 1458: 1377:"Loïc Wacquant: "Prisons of Poverty"" 1085: 1064:from the original on 27 November 2020 969: 951:from the original on 4 September 2020 549:non-governmental sector is in place. 322:. Likewise, economic anthropologist 3805:Self-perceived quality-of-life scale 2767:from the original on 30 October 2020 2704:from the original on 31 October 2020 2379:from the original on 21 October 2020 2321: 2243:"Just the Facts - Poverty in Canada" 2023:from the original on 1 November 2020 1961:from the original on 27 January 2022 1887: 1829:"The top 9 causes of global poverty" 1711:from the original on 13 October 2020 1588:"The economic impact of colonialism" 1430:Mora, Richard; Christianakis, Mary. 1375:Shaw, Devin Z. (29 September 2010). 1374: 1141:from the original on 30 October 2020 1116: 1098:from the original on 1 November 2020 1081: 1079: 1017: 1015: 502: 424:SR resource management (17145681385) 17: 3006: 2941: 2916: 2893: 2878: 2850: 2811:Creamer, John (15 September 2020). 2801: 2650: 2541:from the original on 9 January 2021 2446: 2413: 2391: 2346: 2334:from the original on 26 August 2020 2308: 2265: 2042:TEODORO, LUIS V. (15 August 2015). 1992:from the original on 5 October 2020 1680:from the original on 29 August 2020 1564:from the original on 1 January 2018 1493: 972:"Theories of the Causes of Poverty" 13: 4033:Deprivation and poverty indicators 2973: 2862:Duffin, Erin (17 September 2020). 2834:Duffin, Erin (21 September 2020). 2746: 2465:"Poorest Countries In Europe 2020" 2171: 2133:from the original on 18 March 2018 2084:from the original on 29 April 2016 2054:from the original on 8 August 2020 1805: 1772: 1670:"Causes of poverty and inequality" 1653: 1576: 1455: 1437:Journal of Educational Controversy 1244:Aviram, Hadar (7 September 2014). 1135:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1975.tb01063.x 14: 4199: 3170: 2692:Ostroukh, Andrey (6 April 2016). 2223:from the original on 28 June 2019 1760:Worland, Justin (22 April 2019). 1598:from the original on 7 April 2020 1440:. Woodring College of Education, 1076: 1054:"The Poor In Developed Countries" 1012: 989:10.1146/annurev-soc-073018-022550 795:poverty rate in the United States 771: 397:Notable primary causes of poverty 338: 4103:Democratic Republic of the Congo 3381:Democratic Republic of the Congo 3176: 3090:A Brief History of Neoliberalism 3036:from the original on 2 June 2021 2403:"Reasons Behind Haiti's Poverty" 2322:Chan, Elaine (26 October 2019). 2253:from the original on 5 June 2019 2010: 1979: 1926:. 9 October 2009. Archived from 1888:Shah, Anup (28 September 2014). 1256:Fordham University School of Law 841: 784: 687:from over 30% to less than 10%. 350:climate change may cause poverty 22: 2827: 2779: 2716: 2685: 2583: 2553: 2531:"Nigeria - The World Fact Book" 2523: 2487: 2424:"Clean Water Projects in Haiti" 2235: 2204: 2145: 2096: 2066: 2035: 2004: 1973: 1942: 1912: 1900:from the original on 5 May 2021 1851: 1753: 1723: 1692: 1610: 1423: 1387: 1368: 1289: 1237: 1206: 1164:. University of Chicago Press. 1117:Peet, Richard (15 March 2010). 1086:White, Jerry (9 October 2009). 933:Echenberg, Havi (17 May 2012). 528: 485:Concentration of land ownership 243:Some causes, micro/macro levels 3348:Multidimensional Poverty Index 3052: 1982:"Third World debt - Economics" 1638:10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.106026 1192: 1178: 1153: 1110: 1046: 963: 926: 735: 305: 300: 247: 1: 3297:Sustainable Development Goals 1924:National Geographical Society 1827:Myers, Kristin (3 May 2018). 1442:Western Washington University 919: 543: 392:Causes of poverty – worldwide 343: 173:Several scholars have linked 102:Absolute and relative poverty 3313:Homeless Vulnerability Index 1507:BMJ: British Medical Journal 655: 538: 533: 86:understanding these causes. 7: 3785:Welfare's effect on poverty 3287:List of basic income models 3216: 3093:. Oxford University Press. 3069:. Oxford University Press. 2535:Central Intelligence Agency 1949:Abate, Tom (18 June 2009). 1554:"The economics of violence" 889:Causes of income inequality 882: 730: 677:Causes of poverty in Mexico 413:Medical care in Afghanistan 387:Eyes of Hunger (8512780714) 375: 210:and the rise of underpaid, 190:retrenchment of the social 42:. The specific problem is: 10: 4204: 3328:Genuine progress indicator 3257:Climate change and poverty 1307:Princeton University Press 976:Annual Review of Sociology 718: 690:Some cited reasons behind 681: 674: 117:Philosophical perspectives 4079: 4021: 3994: 3961:African sleeping sickness 3941: 3893: 3752: 3657: 3636: 3560: 3439: 3368: 3361: 3305: 3277:Guaranteed minimum income 3224: 1251:Fordham Urban Law Journal 1160:Friedrich, Hayek (1994). 836: 752: 670: 603:rapidly aging labor force 556: 521:Primary causes by country 454:environmental degradation 218:and corporations such as 194:and the rise of punitive 133:re-distribution of wealth 3333:Legatum Prosperity Index 3318:Misery index (economics) 2955:Raphael, Dennis (2020). 2328:South China Morning Post 1519:10.1136/bmj.324.7333.342 1341:, pp. 125–126, 312. 904:Involuntary unemployment 665: 628: 577: 572: 278:Other micro level causes 268:people with disabilities 4007:Priority review voucher 2787:"U.S. Economic Outlook" 2469:World Population Review 2373:The World Bank In Haiti 1986:Encyclopedia Britannica 1787:www.carnegiecouncil.org 1513:(7333): 342–345. 2002. 1219:Harvard Business Review 868:Middle income economies 778:poverty in South Africa 766:international sanctions 660: 617:slowing in productivity 3282:Universal basic income 3247:Disability and poverty 2247:Canada Without Poverty 747:Asian Development Bank 707:aberrations in policy. 525:In alphabetical order 463: 448: 447:Schoolgirls in Bamozai 437: 425: 414: 388: 291: 156:Neoliberal perspective 144: 94: 3851:List of global issues 3810:Subjective well-being 3144:Duke University Press 2730:. 23 September 2020. 970:Brady, David (2019). 725:51% of the population 461: 446: 435: 423: 412: 386: 289: 212:precarious wage labor 142: 122:Socialist perspective 92: 4188:Causes of conditions 3790:Criticism of welfare 3237:Concentrated poverty 2249:. 16 February 2017. 2217:www150.statcan.gc.ca 1930:on 19 September 2020 1859:"Poverty and Health" 1705:CONCERN worldwide US 1411:on 25 September 2018 871:Developing economies 701:limited food supply. 372:143 million people. 198:, whilst increasing 185:economic geographer 49:improve this article 38:to meet Knowledge's 3895:Diseases of poverty 3887:Diseases of poverty 3821:Rural access issues 3760:Theories of poverty 3343:Human Poverty Index 3252:Diseases of poverty 2933:. 25 January 2016. 2896:"Causes of Poverty" 1890:"Causes of Poverty" 1286:, pp. 130–132. 1162:The Road to Serfdom 1060:. 20 October 2020. 914:Theories of poverty 740:From 1621 to 1901, 3943:Neglected diseases 3928:Diarrheal diseases 3841:Culture of poverty 2793:. 2 January 2014. 2080:. 31 August 2007. 1865:. 25 August 2014. 1234:, pp. 3, 346. 894:Culture of poverty 464: 449: 438: 426: 415: 389: 292: 145: 95: 4170: 4169: 4074:Causes of poverty 4041: 4040: 4015: 4014: 3846:Causes of poverty 3748: 3747: 3338:Poverty gap index 3292:Poverty reduction 3232:Measuring poverty 3100:978-0-19-928326-2 2894:Haveman, Robert. 2763:. 28 March 2020. 2643:978-971-561-857-1 2504:. 21 April 2002. 2011:Khan, Mahmood H. 1980:Hurt, Stephen R. 1624:World Development 1560:. 16 April 2011. 1481:on 12 August 2011 1397:(1 August 2011). 1365:, pp. 53–54. 1297:Gottschalk, Marie 909:Poverty reduction 692:Moldova's poverty 596:income inequality 563:poverty in Canada 503:Historical causes 467:Poor governance, 316:James A. Robinson 83:causes of poverty 77: 76: 69: 40:quality standards 31:This article may 4195: 4068: 4061: 4054: 4045: 4044: 3880: 3873: 3866: 3857: 3856: 3831:Post-materialism 3366: 3365: 3323:Gini coefficient 3272:Cycle of poverty 3211: 3204: 3197: 3188: 3187: 3180: 3165: 3129: 3104: 3080: 3046: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3021: 3004: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2980: 2971: 2970: 2952: 2939: 2938: 2923: 2914: 2913: 2911: 2900: 2891: 2876: 2875: 2859: 2848: 2847: 2831: 2825: 2824: 2817:US Census Bureau 2808: 2799: 2798: 2783: 2777: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2753: 2744: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2720: 2714: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2689: 2683: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2669:. 30 July 2019. 2667:The Moscow Times 2659: 2648: 2647: 2630: 2624: 2623: 2587: 2581: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2561:"World Data Lab" 2557: 2551: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2510: 2499: 2491: 2485: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2461: 2444: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2420: 2411: 2410: 2398: 2389: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2369:"Haiti Overview" 2365: 2344: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2319: 2306: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2286:"China Overview" 2282: 2263: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2239: 2233: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2208: 2202: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2178: 2169: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2149: 2143: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2100: 2094: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2070: 2064: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2039: 2033: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2008: 2002: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1977: 1971: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1946: 1940: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1916: 1910: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1894:globalissues.org 1885: 1879: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1855: 1849: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1833:OCHA - ReliefWeb 1824: 1803: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1779: 1770: 1769: 1757: 1751: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1727: 1721: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1696: 1690: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1666: 1651: 1650: 1640: 1614: 1608: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1583: 1574: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1550: 1541: 1540: 1530: 1500: 1491: 1490: 1488: 1486: 1480: 1473: 1462: 1453: 1452: 1450: 1448: 1427: 1421: 1420: 1418: 1416: 1407:. 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