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Castell

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47: 1571: 3430: 1404: 1276: 2514: 1395:("raised from below"). In this technique, rather than the lower levels being built first with subsequent layers added on top, the top layers are formed on the ground and then hoisted into the air level by level, with each successive layer being formed underneath. This is regarded as taking a great deal of practice, skill, and strength. 1950: 2132:("base leader") one of the team leaders's assistants, who takes particular responsibility for the allocation of places in the pinya, ensuring even force is applied to the base of the castell. The cap de pinya will direct members of the pinya to different positions, depending on the size of the castell. 1521:
Accidents are rare during the construction of a castell; however, as in every other crowded cultural event, ambulances are stationed nearby in case a person needs immediate attention. Fatal accidents do occur; the most recent was on 15 September 2011 when a man broke his second cervical vertebrae
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which is taken from its usage in castells. Literally translating into "making a pinecone" in English, this phrase is not only meaningful for castellers but for the people of Catalonia as a whole. To be a part of a pinya you do not need to be an experienced casteller, anybody can be a part of the
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Very high towers and ones with a small number of people on each level normally need extra support from the base or bottom levels. These base levels are frequently indicated as part of the name of the tower. Three kinds of base levels are most commonly used:
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when being a casteller. The sash is also believed to support the lower back, and it is used by other castellers in the team as a foothold or handhold when climbing up the tower. This tasselled piece of cloth varies in length and width and depends on the
1360:— the base of the tower — is formed. People forming higher levels of the tower move to a position from which they can easily get to their places in the tower. This is done slowly and carefully, and as subsequent base levels are completed the 141: 3779: 1870:("raised from below"), in which the castell is built not from the bottom up by climbing, but from the top down with each successive level being boosted onto the shoulders of castellers who join at ground level; 4035: 2850: 1592:
and the total number of levels and, where applicable, any special construction technique used. Levels are composed of between one and five individuals standing on the shoulders of the level below.
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began to spread to the rest of Catalonia. Interest in castells began to grow in the 1960s and 1970s. In the 1980s, the inclusion of women in the formerly male-only discipline ushered in the second
1208:(golden age) of castells; the presence of women is credited with allowing castells to be built lighter and stronger, enabling the construction of previously undreamed-of 9- and 10-story castells. 2563: 3350: 2898: 3972: 2809: 5353: 3078: 3102: 2773: 2602: 1337:(most often men) also act as a 'safety net' if the tower structure collapses, cushioning the fall of people from the upper levels. It is not uncommon—when not in competitions—for other 46: 2970: 3515: 2910: 2648: 3114: 3771: 1463:
usually go barefoot as to minimise injuries upon each other as they climb to their positions and also for sensitivity when balancing and to have better feel and hold each other.
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began to focus more on the acrobatic nature of building ever taller human towers, their more religious and allegorical predecessors retain their traditions: the
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music as a hush comes over spectators of the event. The upper layers of the tower are built as quickly as possible in order to put minimal strain on the lower
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determine if their base is solid enough for construction to continue. Then, when the signal to proceed is given, bands begin to play the traditional
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Common sense: Rehearsing and performing requires a great deal of planning and reasoning. Any error can cause the structure to fail and break apart.
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Balance: Supporting those above themselves in the castell, whilst relying on those below for support, requires a strong sense of balance and trust.
641: 2496: 1717:(abbreviated 3d8) denotes a tower with three people per level and eight levels. (Only the first five levels will have three people per level. The 4096: 1086: 1499:
at the base of the tower are usually stocky, while those further up, though generally lighter and agile, must still be fairly strong. The first
4066: 1935: : the tower is not completed to the top but is successfully dismantled (because the tower is observed to be unstable and likely to fall) 1455:
position inside the tower and also on choice. The length of the sash ranges from 1.5 to 12m and usually is shorter for those higher up in the
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makes up the top three storeys of the castell and there has never yet been a castell taller than ten storeys, there have never been any
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Courage: The most important characteristic for castellers, especially for young children forming the highest levels of the castell.
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is being built. The project is designed as a place of reference for the human tower universe where experiences can be lived out.
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can be into a multi-tiered structure and the highest has a height spanning of nine or ten people from ground up. The motto of
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is considered a success when assembly and disassembly can be done in complete succession. The assembly is complete once all
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Castells in The Construction of a Catalan Community: Body, Language, and Identity amidst Catalonia's National Debate
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Three castellers in Reus wearing traditional uniforms with white pants and a sash used as a support and handhold.
1253: 1013: 381: 208: 4935: 4676: 3856: 2999: 2939: 2148:("base"): the casteller standing on the ground at the bottom of one of the columns of castellers making up the 2059::four people at each level in a tower of nine levels without folre ( a second-level base ) built on top of the 1788:. A manille is often use for particularly tall castells (nine or ten levels). It is always mentioned when used. 5246: 5060: 5050: 5001: 4773: 3772:"La participació de la dona en el món casteller ha permès l'evolució tècnica que marca l'actual "època d'or"" 3059: 3047: 2706: 2624: 990: 475: 3741: 1446:) is the most important part of their outfit. It represents the tradition as a whole, and one only wears a 5207: 5114: 4649:
Methodology for inventorying intangible cultural heritage in biosphere reserves: the experience of Montseny
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and died. This led to the requirement of specially designed helmets for all children participating in
1063: 5338: 5269: 5202: 5124: 4897: 4795: 4739: 4669: 4406: 4398: 4243:"Castellers de Vilafranca - " 3 de 10 amb folre i manilles " ( Sant Fèlix 2013 ) 30-8-2013 - YouTube" 3237: 3160: 3148: 3095: 2951: 2730: 2694: 2636: 689: 440: 238: 4058: 3485: 1325:
Aside from the people who climb to form the upper parts of the tower, others are needed to form the
1193: 4966: 3208: 3035: 2831: 2580: 1979: 1435: 758: 631: 561: 31: 4181:"Castellers de Vilafranca - " 4 de 9 amb folre i agulla " ( Sant Fèlix 2013 ) 30-8-2013 - YouTube" 3343: 2927: 1503:
were peasants that were accustomed to holding great weights and were under much physical exertion.
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refers to a high column of one person per level which is built inside the main tower. When the
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with more than four people per level are composite structures. For example, the levels of a
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Coordinadora de Colles Castelleres de Catalunya (Official Association of Casteller Teams)
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fused together (3 + 2 = 5), each level forming a figure-eight shape if seen from above.
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Revitalization of the traditional craftsmanship of lime-making in Morón de la Frontera
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nomenclature refers to how successfully the tower was completed. Four terms are used:
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Visually informative video by Mike Randolph, a freelance journalist living in Spain
4395:– A site to know more about Human Towers, types, groups, events or image galleries. 3692: 3429: 1483:(Strength, balance, courage and common sense). This motto is taken from a verse of 1284: 1134: 1117: 621: 611: 524: 409: 388: 365: 337: 330: 325: 293: 260: 176: 4652:
Portuguese-Galician border ICH: a safeguarding model created by Ponte...nas ondas!
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represents the idea of coming together in solidarity to accomplish a goal or task.
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are designated by the person they are positioned behind and the number of their
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wear green shirts and are often called "els verds" referencing their uniform.
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that would usually be used due to their height, this is also mentioned, e.g.
1543: 1058: 955: 935: 797: 447: 433: 303: 4789: 1745:("neat" or "simple"). There is furthermore an expression in Catalan called " 1546:. There have only ever been four recorded mortalities from participating in 900: 5264: 5070: 4624: 4530: 2031:: five people at each level in a tower of nine levels, with a second-level 1053: 2418:: A level consisting of two people, supporting and locked together by the 2258:
and supports their arms on his/her shoulders. Generally short and slender.
1903: : the tower is completed to the top—that is, to the point where the 1200:, though it was not until the last 50 years that the practice of building 852: 804: 5157: 4643:
Centre for traditional culture – school museum of Pusol pedagogic project
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is attempting a specially demanding structure in terms of people needed.
914: 837: 3568: 2047:: four people at each level in a tower of nine levels, with an interior 1595:
Common terms indicating the number of people for each level of a tower:
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4 de 10 amb folre i manilles descarregat Minyons de Terrassa 22-11-2015
3672: 3667: 3470: 2071:: three people per level in a tower of ten levels, with a second-level 1279:
Pilar de 8 amb folre i manilles (Colla Jove Xiquets de Tarragona, 2019)
1169: 907: 751: 3975:. European Commission, Directorate General Enlargement. Archived from 1919: : the tower is completed to the top but falls during dismantling 1295:, while in English its meaning is specifically that of a human tower. 4692: 4661: 4595: 3600: 3596: 3519: 3446: 1588:
are primarily described by the number of people in each level of the
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Whistled language of the island of La Gomera (Canary Islands), the
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mentioned above): A casteller who stands in front of and facing a
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descend in highest to lowest order until all have reached safety.
1252:, who were able to construct the tallest human tower to date, the 5254: 5212: 5162: 4247: 4216: 4185: 4154: 4123: 3614: 3551: 3509: 3474: 3460: 3332: 2447:("croucher"): The person who squats with one foot on each of the 2116:
the team is ready to attempt and directs the construction of the
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and relaying information and instructions to the members of the
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The site of the biannual castells competition held in Tarragona
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Colles castelleres universitàries (teams of college castellers)
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These icons of Catalan culture and sports were featured in the
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Irrigators’ tribunals of the Spanish Mediterranean coast: the
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is always accompanied by a number of assistants and advisers.
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When tall castells are built, for extra challenge, without a
1721:, see below, is reckoned as making up the top three levels.) 1185: 529: 113: 56: 5354:
Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
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Fem Pinya! Els castells, símbol i expressió del nostre poble
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Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
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raises his or her hand in a four-finger gesture called the
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climbs into place at the top and raises one open hand. The
4059:"Young girl dies after fall from nine-storey human tower" 1927: : the tower falls before it is completed to the top 1133:(Spain), now also found in the rest of Catalonia, in the 4621:
Knowledge, craft and skills of handmade glass production
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Terms denoting special construction techniques include:
4416: 4032:"A 12 year old girl dies after falling off a "castell"" 2403:("children"): Those who make up the top levels of the 2202:("thirds, fourths, fifths, sixths, sevenths"). As the 1784:: a third-level base built on top of the second-level 4551:
Festivity of 'la Mare de Déu de la Salut' of Algemesí
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UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage elements in Spain
4275:"Historic record in Catalonia's human tower building" 4332:"Museu Casteller de Catalunya - Ajuntament de Valls" 2095: 1423:), and a shirt in a color characteristic of a given 2156:
on his or her shoulders. Short, stocky, and strong.
1854:must remain standing until the outside part of the 1306:have climbed into their designated places, and the 2407:. They are usually children but can also be women. 2023:: two people per level in a tower of nine stories. 1773:for the castell. It is always mentioned when used. 1427:, often bearing the team's emblem. For instance, 5325: 3372:Arreplegats de la Zona Universitària (Barcelona) 1256:(10 levels of people with four in each level). 1241:Coordinadora de Colles Castelleres de Catalunya 4591:Summer solstice fire festivals in the Pyrenees 2282:("wind"): stands between and just outside two 1129:built traditionally at festivals in a part of 4677: 4481: 3833:. Deutsche Welle. August 2009. Archived from 2497:Món Casteller Human Tower Museum of Catalonia 2011:(as always) and was successfully dismantled ( 1087: 4272: 3973:"In the city - Human towers break frontiers" 3936:"DOXA Documentary Film Festival - press kit" 3894:. University of California San Diego. 2020. 3715:"Los 'castells', Patrimonio de la Humanidad" 2487:The Human Tower Museum of Catalonia in Valls 2140:("trunk"): The vertical part of the castell. 1231:and Catalonia, where it is often called the 123:Social practices, rituals and festive events 2112:: The head of each team, who decides which 1878:("walking"), in which a castell (usually a 1769:. Another layer of reinforcement above the 4684: 4670: 4521:Council of Wise Men of the plain of Murcia 4488: 4474: 3384:Ganàpies de la UAB (Cerdanyola del Vallès) 3375:Bergants del Campus de Terrassa (Terrassa) 1765:: a second-level base built on top of the 1554:among children participating in castells. 1168:Although based on the earlier traditional 1094: 1080: 642:General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales 45: 4361:"Relació de totes les colles castelleres" 3970: 3857:"Human Tower: The Largest One In History" 3739: 3717:(in Spanish). El País. 16 November 2010. 2545:In Catalonia and Catalan-speaking regions 2314:("cordon"): Each concentric layer of the 1642: : five people per level (and so on) 27:Human tower performed in Catalonia, Spain 4056: 3831:"Euromaxx on tour: Vilanova i la Geltrú" 3709: 3707: 3428: 2851:Colla Castellera de Sant Pere i Sant Pau 1569: 1491:, a Catalonian politician and composer. 1402: 1333:, to sustain its weight. Members of the 1274: 4525:Water Tribunal of the plain of Valencia 4399:Catalan-English vocabulary for castells 3903: 3399:Pataquers de la URV (Camp de Tarragona) 2254:("crutch"): fills in the space between 2246:and holds embraces him/her for support. 2218:("needle," not to be confused with the 1668:Numbers of levels most commonly built: 1562: 1314:then climbs down the other side of the 14: 5326: 4691: 3733: 2320:. The ones in direct contact with the 1318:, after which the remaining levels of 4665: 4469: 4329: 3704: 3425:(outside the Catalan-speaking region) 2502: 2340:. For example, the person behind the 2332:, and so forth. Members of the outer 2168:, making up the second storey of the 1376:, who bear most of the weight of the 1116: 4038:from the original on August 25, 2016 3886: 3884: 3882: 3782:from the original on 15 October 2017 3752:from the original on 16 October 2013 3742:"ELS CASTELLS DELS XIQUETS DE VALLS" 2810:Colla Castellera Nyerros de la Plana 2508: 4627:, the seasonal droving of livestock 4099:from the original on 12 August 2019 3396:Passerells del Tecnocampus (Mataró) 3351:Carallots de Sant Vicenç dels Horts 1911:gesture—and successfully dismantled 1415:wear white trousers, a black sash ( 1356:is built in two phases. First, the 1180:within Catalonia originated in the 102:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage 24: 4089:"L'ABeCeDari actual dels castells" 3721:from the original on 24 April 2015 3693:Close-Up: Catalonia's human towers 3103:Colla Jove de Castellers de Sitges 2899:Colla Castellera Xiquets d'Alcover 2774:Colla Castellera Jove de Barcelona 2084:Quatre de deu amb folre i manilles 1984:Quatre de nou amb folre i l'agulla 622:Government of the Balearic Islands 25: 5370: 4598:walling, knowledge and techniques 4386: 4069:from the original on 5 March 2016 4057:Tremlett, Giles (6 August 2006). 3879: 2603:Colla Vella dels Xiquets de Valls 2564:Passadors de Sant Adrià del Besòs 2270:and supports the buttocks of the 1971:after dismantling of upper levels 1184:(Valencian Dance) in the town of 468:Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua 4095:(in Catalan). 6 September 2017. 4018:Els Castells - The human torres 3971:del Campo, Esther (2009-10-25). 3387:Grillats del CBL (Castelldefels) 3381:Engrescats de la URL (Barcelona) 3079:Castellers de la Sagrada Família 2971:Colla Jove Xiquets de Vilafranca 2512: 2242:("buttress"): stands behind the 2226:, holding the lower legs of the 2068:Tres de deu amb folre i manilles 1960: 1948: 1653:are not pentagons; instead, the 1481:"Força, equilibri, valor i seny" 4566:Tamboradas drum-playing rituals 4556:Fiesta of the patios in Cordova 4371:from the original on 2016-10-31 4353: 4342:from the original on 2016-11-29 4323: 4312:from the original on 2022-09-24 4296: 4285:from the original on 2015-11-25 4266: 4255:from the original on 2014-01-01 4235: 4224:from the original on 2022-08-05 4204: 4193:from the original on 2016-06-03 4173: 4162:from the original on 2016-04-18 4142: 4131:from the original on 2016-06-18 4111: 4081: 4050: 4024: 4012: 3991: 3964: 3928: 3867:from the original on 2007-01-25 3812:from the original on 2020-10-19 3654:, a similar tradition in India. 3390:Llunàtics de la UPC de Vilanova 2911:Colla Jove Xiquets de Tarragona 2649:Castellers de Caldes de Montbui 2586:Castellers de la Vila de Gràcia 2360:("stopper"): inserted into the 2035:built on top of the base-level 209:History of the Balearic Islands 4320:. Canal Terrassa (via YouTube) 3897: 3849: 3823: 3794: 3764: 3746:VALLS SONS I MÚSIQUES DE FESTA 3685: 2379:: The top three levels of the 1907:raises his or her hand in the 1626: : three people per level 1557: 1270: 1176:in Valencia, the tradition of 13: 1: 4536:Chant of the Sybil on Majorca 4443:lapinya.cat, a Castells forum 3678: 2286:and supports the legs of the 2266:("hands"): stands behind the 1634: : four people per level 1227:, and in other places in the 991:National symbols of Catalonia 4606:Talavera de la Reina pottery 3516:Colla Castellera d'Edinburgh 3067:Colla Castellera de Figueres 2591:Colla Joves Xiquets de Valls 2348:; behind that person is the 2328:, those behind them are the 2302:and supports one leg of the 1813:), which can also be called 1534:fell off the formation of a 1466: 1244:hosted 99 groups, including 1219:, which is performed in the 1144:At these festivals, several 7: 4841:Declaration of independence 4273:Efren Garcia (2015-11-23). 4001:. Barcelona: Diàfora, 1981. 3906:"Catalonia's human castles" 3635: 3393:Marracos de la UdL (Lleida) 3115:Castellers de l'Alt Maresme 2935:Castellers de Castelldefels 2364:to fill a gap and make the 1939: 1433:team wear red shirts while 476:Institut d'Estudis Catalans 53:2 de 9 amb folre i manilles 10: 5375: 4836:Statute of Autonomy (2006) 4831:Statute of Autonomy (1979) 4811:Statute of Autonomy (1932) 3945:. May 2007. Archived from 3904:Bienias, M. (2009-04-30). 3861:castellersdevilafranca.com 3433:Xiquets de Hanghzou (2016) 3403:Penjats del Campus Manresa 3378:Emboirats de la UVIC (Vic) 3055:Castellers de Santa Coloma 3043:Matossers de Molins de Rei 2798:Colla Jove de l'Hospitalet 2702:Castellers de les Roquetes 2620:Castellers de les Gavarres 2298:: stands to one side of a 1291:literally translates into 602:General Council of Andorra 29: 5344:Catalan words and phrases 5297: 5245: 5143: 5090: 5083: 5021: 5014: 4957: 4948: 4911:Unique territorial entity 4896: 4863: 4854: 4740:Principality of Catalonia 4700: 4634: 4613:, a living human heritage 4579: 4503: 3778:. CCMA. 27 October 2013. 3698:November 8, 2016, at the 3274:Ses Talaies de Formentera 3168:Castellers d'Esparreguera 2455:, who stands astride the 1850:is being dismantled, the 1802:torre de 9 sense manilles 1516: 1398: 1380:. The disassembly of the 1163: 930:Music and performing arts 239:Principality of Catalonia 160: 152: 147: 137: 127: 119: 109: 98: 93: 81: 71: 63: 44: 39: 3257:Castellers de Viladecans 3127:Castellers de Cerdanyola 3007:Castellers de Sant Cugat 2995:Moixiganguers d'Igualada 2887:Castellers de Sant Feliu 2581:Castellers de Vilafranca 2459:. Almost always a child. 2044:Quatre de nou amb agulla 1980:Castellers de Vilafranca 1436:Castellers de Vilafranca 1329:, or bottom base of the 1246:Castellers de Vilafranca 1211:While in Catalonia, the 632:Generalitat of Catalonia 396:Spelling-to-sound charts 142:Europe and North America 32:Castell (disambiguation) 5280:Pi de les Tres Branques 4997:International relations 4768:Northern Catalonia loss 4413:Documentary short film. 2863:Tirallongues de Manresa 2738:Castellers de Poble Sec 2685:Castellers de Barcelona 2644:Bordegassos de Vilanova 2430:are generally children. 1782:("handles"/"handcuffs") 1677: : six levels high 1430:Castellers de Barcelona 652:Generalitat of Valencia 596:Government and politics 504:Geo-political divisions 4806:Republican Generalitat 3579:Castellers de Lo Prado 3558:Castellers de Montréal 3434: 3233:Castellers de Mallorca 3156:Castellers del Riberal 3144:Castellers de Badalona 3091:Castellers de Terrassa 2959:Castellers d'Altafulla 2947:Torraires de Montblanc 2875:Castellers de Cornellà 2726:Brivalls de Cornudella 2690:Angelets del Vallespir 2661:Castellers d'Esplugues 2632:Castellers de Sabadell 2422:and surmounted by the 2099:and parts of a castell 2063:( ground level base ). 1618:: two people per level 1607:: one person per level 1582: 1552:traumatic brain injury 1526:. On 23 July 2006, in 1408: 1280: 1194:Vilafranca del Penedès 1114:Catalan pronunciation: 366:Dialects and varieties 266:Treaty of the Pyrenees 5002:Independence movement 4509:Mystery Play of Elche 3890:Bencomo, Aida Ribot, 3740:Català i Roca, Pere. 3432: 3204:Castellers de Solsona 3031:Margeners de Guissona 2827:Margeners de Guissona 2152:, and supporting the 2120:from the ground. The 2028:Cinc de nou amb folre 1741:, it is described as 1573: 1522:after falling from a 1406: 1278: 731:Fogueres de Sant Joan 667:Valencian nationalism 256:Catalan constitutions 219:History of Roussillon 5183:Gegants i capgrossos 4816:Catalan State (1934) 4764:Republic (1640–1641) 3647:Acrobatic gymnastics 3607:Castellers BXL Foyer 3544:Castellers d'Irlanda 3502:Castellers of London 3453:Castellers de Berlin 3439:Castellers de Sydney 3322:Castellers d'Andorra 3310:Xicots de Vilafranca 3269:Castellers de Sarrià 3216:Castellers de Caldes 2762:Castellers de Mollet 2714:Castellers de Lleida 2569:Capgrossos de Mataró 2552:Xiquets de Tarragona 2526:adding missing items 2474:, a child. When the 2470: : The topmost 1815:torre de 9 amb folre 1693: : eight levels 1685: : seven levels 1485:Els Xiquets de Valls 1265:1992 Summer Olympics 1213:Ball dels Valencians 1182:Ball dels Valencians 1064:Himne de l'Exposició 738:Gegants i capgrossos 490:Fundació Ramon Llull 271:Nueva Planta decrees 214:History of Catalonia 85:18th century–present 30:For other uses, see 4778:War of the Catalans 4725:County of Barcelona 4572:Manual bell ringing 3916:on 22 November 2008 3658:Gymnastic formation 3621:Xiquets de Hangzhou 3593:Koales de Melbourne 3481:Castellers de París 3415:Xoriguers de la UdG 3228:Castellers de Berga 2839:Xiquets de Serrallo 2673:Castellers de Sants 2615:Minyons de Terrassa 2089:Minyons de Terrassa 1986:(Four in nine with 1844:("with the needle") 1825:, i.e. with only a 1701: : nine levels 1471:The arrangement of 1250:Minyons de Terrassa 1188:, near the city of 1139:Valencian Community 562:Pyrénées-Orientales 249:Kingdom of Valencia 229:History of Valencia 224:History of Sardinia 148:Inscription history 72:Originating culture 4587:Mediterranean diet 4430:2011-03-13 at the 4409:2013-04-21 at the 4393:Human Towers World 4034:. August 4, 2006. 3467:Xiquets Copenhagen 3435: 3409:Trempats de la UPF 3339:Castellers de Gavà 3192:Al.lots de Llevant 3180:Xics de Granollers 3139:Minyons de l'Arboç 2923:Castellers de Rubí 2524:; you can help by 2504:Colles castelleres 2075:and a third-level 1890:Another aspect of 1763:("cover"/"lining") 1735:("pine cone/bulk") 1709: : ten levels 1583: 1489:Josep Anselm Clavé 1409: 1281: 1156:to be amongst the 1146:colles castelleres 975:Sport in Catalonia 759:Saint George's Day 566:Northern Catalonia 244:Kingdom of Majorca 199:History of Andorra 156:2010 (5th session) 5349:European folklore 5321: 5320: 5293: 5292: 5079: 5078: 5010: 5009: 4987:Political parties 4944: 4943: 4936:Spanish provinces 4774:War of Succession 4750:Catholic Monarchs 4659: 4658: 4635:Good Safeguarding 3806:www.catalunya.com 3286:Vailets de Gelida 2983:Nens del Vendrell 2542: 2541: 2290:standing on both. 2056:Quatre de nou net 1955:Fully constructed 1858:is already down. 1341:to assist in the 1263:of the Barcelona 1152:were declared by 1118:[kəsˈteʎ] 1104: 1103: 1049:El Gran Carlemany 745:Moros i cristians 690:Myths and legends 583:Catalan Countries 456: 450: 443: 441:Personal pronouns 436: 419: 412: 398: 391: 384: 204:History of Aragon 170: 169: 89: 88: 16:(Redirected from 5366: 5339:Catalan folklore 5306: 5088: 5087: 5031:Financial crisis 5019: 5018: 4955: 4954: 4861: 4860: 4686: 4679: 4672: 4663: 4662: 4602:Talavera pottery 4490: 4483: 4476: 4467: 4466: 4447: 4421: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4376: 4357: 4351: 4350: 4348: 4347: 4327: 4321: 4319: 4318: 4317: 4300: 4294: 4293: 4291: 4290: 4270: 4264: 4263: 4261: 4260: 4239: 4233: 4232: 4230: 4229: 4208: 4202: 4201: 4199: 4198: 4177: 4171: 4170: 4168: 4167: 4146: 4140: 4139: 4137: 4136: 4115: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4093:Revista Castells 4085: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4074: 4054: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4043: 4028: 4022: 4020:The human towers 4016: 4010: 3997:Miralles, Eloi. 3995: 3989: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3979:on 14 April 2009 3968: 3962: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3951: 3940: 3932: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3912:. Archived from 3901: 3895: 3888: 3877: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3853: 3847: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3827: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3817: 3798: 3792: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3768: 3762: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3737: 3731: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3711: 3702: 3689: 3569:Montréal, Québec 3566: 3530:Xiquets de Hoorn 3489: 3423:Colles exteriors 3359: 3347: 3330: 3318: 3306: 3294: 3282: 3265: 3253: 3241: 3224: 3212: 3200: 3188: 3176: 3164: 3152: 3135: 3123: 3111: 3099: 3087: 3075: 3063: 3051: 3039: 3027: 3015: 3003: 2991: 2979: 2967: 2955: 2943: 2931: 2919: 2907: 2895: 2883: 2871: 2859: 2847: 2835: 2818: 2806: 2794: 2786:Nois de la Torre 2782: 2770: 2758: 2746: 2734: 2722: 2710: 2698: 2681: 2669: 2657: 2640: 2628: 2611: 2599: 2577: 2560: 2537: 2534: 2516: 2515: 2509: 1964: 1952: 1932:Intent desmuntat 1867:aixecat per sota 1393:aixecat per sota 1261:opening ceremony 1135:Balearic islands 1120: 1115: 1096: 1089: 1082: 1029:Balearic Islands 1004:Balearic Islands 612:Courts of Aragon 525:Balearic Islands 452: 446: 439: 432: 415: 408: 394: 387: 382:Phonetic history 380: 261:Furs of Valencia 186: 183: 172: 171: 91: 90: 49: 37: 36: 21: 5374: 5373: 5369: 5368: 5367: 5365: 5364: 5363: 5324: 5323: 5322: 5317: 5309: 5302: 5289: 5275:St George's Day 5241: 5208:Public holidays 5139: 5075: 5036:Property bubble 5006: 4940: 4892: 4850: 4845:2017 referendum 4801:Republic (1931) 4735:Crown of Aragon 4696: 4690: 4660: 4655: 4636: 4630: 4575: 4561:Valencia Fallas 4499: 4494: 4445: 4434:– slideshow by 4432:Wayback Machine 4419: 4411:Wayback Machine 4389: 4384: 4383: 4374: 4372: 4359: 4358: 4354: 4345: 4343: 4328: 4324: 4315: 4313: 4302: 4301: 4297: 4288: 4286: 4271: 4267: 4258: 4256: 4241: 4240: 4236: 4227: 4225: 4210: 4209: 4205: 4196: 4194: 4179: 4178: 4174: 4165: 4163: 4148: 4147: 4143: 4134: 4132: 4117: 4116: 4112: 4102: 4100: 4087: 4086: 4082: 4072: 4070: 4055: 4051: 4041: 4039: 4030: 4029: 4025: 4017: 4013: 3996: 3992: 3982: 3980: 3969: 3965: 3955: 3953: 3949: 3943:doxafestival.ca 3938: 3934: 3933: 3929: 3919: 3917: 3902: 3898: 3889: 3880: 3870: 3868: 3855: 3854: 3850: 3840: 3838: 3829: 3828: 3824: 3815: 3813: 3802:"Catalunya.com" 3800: 3799: 3795: 3785: 3783: 3770: 3769: 3765: 3755: 3753: 3738: 3734: 3724: 3722: 3713: 3712: 3705: 3700:Wayback Machine 3690: 3686: 3681: 3638: 3560: 3483: 3427: 3369: 3362: 3353: 3341: 3324: 3312: 3300: 3288: 3276: 3259: 3247: 3245:Xiquets de Reus 3235: 3218: 3206: 3194: 3182: 3170: 3158: 3146: 3129: 3117: 3105: 3093: 3081: 3069: 3057: 3045: 3033: 3021: 3009: 2997: 2985: 2973: 2961: 2949: 2937: 2925: 2913: 2901: 2889: 2877: 2865: 2853: 2841: 2829: 2822:Marrecs de Salt 2812: 2800: 2788: 2776: 2764: 2752: 2750:Salats de Súria 2740: 2728: 2716: 2704: 2692: 2675: 2663: 2651: 2634: 2622: 2605: 2593: 2571: 2554: 2547: 2538: 2532: 2529: 2513: 2507: 2489: 2352:, and so forth. 2110:("team leader") 2101: 1999: 1998: 1997: 1996: 1974: 1973: 1972: 1965: 1957: 1956: 1953: 1942: 1713:For example, a 1568: 1560: 1519: 1469: 1401: 1370:Toc de Castells 1273: 1166: 1113: 1100: 1071: 1070: 986: 978: 977: 972: 964: 963: 931: 923: 922: 876: 868: 867: 858:Joaquim Sorolla 833: 825: 824: 812:Pa amb tomàquet 792:Catalan cuisine 787: 779: 778: 685: 677: 676: 659: 597: 589: 588: 579: 505: 497: 496: 493:(IRL & FRL) 351: 343: 342: 284: 276: 275: 234:Crown of Aragon 194: 185:cultural domain 184: 175: 105: 82:Originating era 59: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5372: 5362: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5315: 5308: 5307: 5299: 5298: 5295: 5294: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5287: 5285:Catalan donkey 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5251: 5249: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5239: 5234: 5233: 5232: 5222: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5149: 5147: 5141: 5140: 5138: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5091: 5085: 5081: 5080: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5026:Catalan peseta 5022: 5016: 5012: 5011: 5008: 5007: 5005: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4958: 4952: 4946: 4945: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4926:Municipalities 4923: 4918: 4908: 4902: 4900: 4894: 4893: 4891: 4890: 4888:Extreme points 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4864: 4858: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4848: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4786: 4781: 4771: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4720:Roman Hispania 4717: 4712: 4706: 4704: 4698: 4697: 4695: articles 4689: 4688: 4681: 4674: 4666: 4657: 4656: 4654: 4653: 4650: 4647: 4644: 4640: 4638: 4632: 4631: 4629: 4628: 4622: 4619: 4617:Timber rafting 4614: 4608: 4599: 4592: 4589: 4583: 4581: 4577: 4576: 4574: 4573: 4570: 4567: 4564: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4527: 4517: 4515:Patum of Berga 4512: 4504: 4501: 4500: 4493: 4492: 4485: 4478: 4470: 4464: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4440: 4422: 4414: 4401: 4396: 4388: 4387:External links 4385: 4382: 4381: 4352: 4338:(in Catalan). 4322: 4295: 4265: 4234: 4203: 4172: 4141: 4110: 4080: 4049: 4023: 4011: 3990: 3963: 3952:on 6 July 2011 3927: 3896: 3878: 3863:. 2006-09-30. 3848: 3822: 3793: 3763: 3748:(in Catalan). 3732: 3703: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3676: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3649: 3644: 3637: 3634: 3633: 3632: 3618: 3604: 3590: 3576: 3555: 3541: 3527: 3513: 3499: 3478: 3464: 3450: 3426: 3420: 3419: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3368: 3365: 3361: 3360: 3348: 3336: 3319: 3307: 3298:Xerrics d'Olot 3295: 3283: 3271: 3266: 3254: 3242: 3230: 3225: 3213: 3201: 3189: 3177: 3165: 3153: 3141: 3136: 3124: 3112: 3100: 3088: 3076: 3064: 3052: 3040: 3028: 3019:Sagals d'Osona 3016: 3004: 2992: 2980: 2968: 2956: 2944: 2932: 2920: 2908: 2896: 2884: 2872: 2860: 2848: 2836: 2824: 2819: 2807: 2795: 2783: 2771: 2759: 2747: 2735: 2723: 2711: 2699: 2687: 2682: 2670: 2658: 2646: 2641: 2629: 2617: 2612: 2600: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2566: 2561: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2539: 2519: 2517: 2506: 2501: 2488: 2485: 2484: 2483: 2460: 2431: 2408: 2396: 2369: 2353: 2307: 2306:from the side. 2291: 2275: 2259: 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4249: 4244: 4238: 4223: 4219: 4218: 4213: 4207: 4192: 4188: 4187: 4182: 4176: 4161: 4157: 4156: 4151: 4145: 4130: 4126: 4125: 4120: 4114: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4084: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4053: 4037: 4033: 4027: 4021: 4015: 4008: 4007:84-85205-37-5 4004: 4000: 3994: 3978: 3974: 3967: 3948: 3944: 3937: 3931: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3900: 3893: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3852: 3837:on 2012-07-28 3836: 3832: 3826: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3797: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3767: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3736: 3720: 3716: 3710: 3708: 3701: 3697: 3694: 3688: 3684: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3663:Human pyramid 3661: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3652:Govinda sport 3650: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3639: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3619: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3605: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3591: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3577: 3574: 3570: 3564: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3542: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3493: 3487: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3437: 3436: 3431: 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Index

Castellers
Castell (disambiguation)

Valls
Catalan
UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
Spain
364
Europe and North America
List
Catalan
Valencian
History of Andorra
History of Aragon
History of the Balearic Islands
History of Catalonia
History of Roussillon
History of Sardinia
History of Valencia
Crown of Aragon
Principality of Catalonia
Kingdom of Majorca
Kingdom of Valencia
Catalan constitutions
Furs of Valencia
Treaty of the Pyrenees
Nueva Planta decrees
Andorrans
Aragonese
Balearics

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