633:
823:, also known as "milk protein intolerance", is experienced when the body cannot break down the proteins of casein. The prevalence of casein allergy or intolerance ranges from 0.25 to 4.9% of young children. Numbers for older children and adults are not known. A significant portion of those on the autism spectrum have an intolerance or allergy to casein protein into adulthood. This can be used by clinicians and dietitians to spot autism in those who may not present with traditional
501:
280:
131:
1695:
469:
The main food uses of casein are for powders requiring rapid dispersion into water, ranging from coffee creamers to instant cream soups. Mead
Johnson introduced a product in the early 1920s named Casec to ease gastrointestinal disorders and infant digestive problems which were a common cause of death
794:
research and animal studies initially conducted by scientists in New
Zealand, which found correlations between the prevalence of milk with A1 beta-casein proteins and various chronic diseases. The research generated interest in the media, among some in the scientific community, and entrepreneurs. A
369:
While largely replaced with synthetic resins, casein-based glues still have a use in certain niche applications, such as laminating fireproof doors and the labeling of bottles. Casein glues thin rapidly with increasing temperature, making it easy to apply thin films quickly to label jars and bottles
211:
could account for the special conformation of casein in the micelles. One of them proposes the micellar nucleus is formed by several submicelles, the periphery consisting of microvillosities of κ-casein. Another model suggests the nucleus is formed by casein-interlinked fibrils. Finally, the most
607:
An attractive property of the casein molecule is its ability to form a gel or clot in the stomach, which makes it very efficient in nutrient supply. The clot is able to provide a sustained slow release of amino acids into the blood stream, sometimes lasting for several hours. Often casein is
338:), and then the curd is pressed to squeeze out the water (it may even be dried to a powder). The casein is mixed with alkali (usually both sodium and calcium hydroxide) to make glue. Glues made with different mixes of alkalis have different properties. Preservatives may also be added.
586:
the peptide bond in Phe105-Met106 of κ-casein, and is considered to be the most efficient protease for the cheese-making industry (Rao et al., 1998). British terminology, on the other hand, uses the term caseinogen for the uncoagulated protein and casein for the coagulated
361:
and many other Borden adhesives were originally made from casein. While one reason was its non-toxic nature, a primary factor was that it was economical to use. Towards the end of the 20th century, Borden replaced casein in all of its popular adhesives with synthetics like
802:
Responding to public interest, the marketing of A2 milk, and the scientific evidence that had been published, an independent review published in 2005 found no discernible difference between drinking A1 or A2 milk on the risk of contracting chronic diseases. The
834:
Casein that is heat-treated has been shown to be more allergenic and harder to digest when fed to infants. Breast milk has not typically been shown to cause an allergic reaction, but should be administered to an infant with caution each time in case of
795:
company, A2 Corporation, was founded in New
Zealand in the early 2000s to commercialize the test and market "A2 Milk" as premium milk that is healthier due to the lack of peptides from A1. A2 Milk even petitioned the
202:
parts reside at the surface and they are spherical. However, in sharp contrast to surfactant micelles, the interior of a casein micelle is highly hydrated. The caseins in the micelles are held together by calcium
223:
of casein is 4.6. Since milk's pH is 6.6, casein has a negative charge in milk. The purified protein is water-insoluble. While it is also insoluble in neutral salt solutions, it is readily dispersible in dilute
1974:
Walker G, Cai F, Shen P, Reynolds C, Ward B, Fone C, et al. (February 2006). "Increased remineralization of tooth enamel by milk containing added casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate".
535:
that is caused by destabilization of the casein micelle, which begins the processes of fractionation and selective concentration. Typically, the milk is acidified and then coagulated by the addition of
1736:
Courthaudon JL, Girardet JM, Campagne S, Rouhier LM, Campagna S, Linden G, Lorient D (March 1999). "Surface active and emulsifying properties of casein micelles compared to those of sodium caseinate".
2625:
378:
Several foods, creams, and toppings all contain a variety of caseinates. Sodium caseinate acts as a greater food additive for stabilizing processed foods; however, companies could opt to use
307:
2735:
Demling RH, DeSanti L (2000). "Effect of a hypocaloric diet, increased protein intake and resistance training on lean mass gains and fat mass loss in overweight police officers".
787:
The A1 beta-casein type is the most common type found in cow's milk in Europe (excluding Italy and France which have more A2 cows), the United States, Australia, and New
Zealand.
2471:
Dupont D, Mandalari G, Mollé D, Jardin J, Rolet-Répécaud O, Duboz G, et al. (November 2010). "Food processing increases casein resistance to simulated infant digestion".
1484:
2396:
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Ecroyd H, Garvey M, Thorn DC, Gerrard JA, Carver JA (2013). "Amyloid
Fibrils from Readily Available Sources: Milk Casein and Lens Crystallin Proteins". In Gerrard JA (ed.).
1584:
807:(EFSA) reviewed the scientific literature and published a review in 2009 found no identifiable relationship between chronic diseases and drinking milk with the A1 protein.
1693:, Merrill RK, Li J, "Micellar casein for corree creamers and other dairy products.", published 29 December 2016, assigned to Leprino Foods Co
1493:
2594:
2506:
2297:"Review of the potential health impact of β-casomorphins and related peptides: Review of the potential health impact of β-casomorphins and related peptides"
2174:
701:. As of 2015 the evidence that such diets have any impact on behavior or cognitive and social functioning in autistic children was limited and weak.
2018:
Chhabra N, Chhabra A (2018). "Enhanced
Remineralisation of Tooth Enamel Using Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Complex: A Review".
909:"Human-milk proteins: analysis of casein and casein subunits by anion-exchange chromatography, gel electrophoresis, and specific staining methods"
2660:
2422:"Dietary Considerations in Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Potential Role of Protein Digestion and Microbial Putrefaction in the Gut-Brain Axis"
2809:
2790:
1364:
624:. Hydrolyzed forms are noted to taste bitter and such supplements are often refused by infants and lab animals in favor of intact casein.
555:, but currently produced more often from genetically modified microorganisms. The solids are then separated and pressed into final form.
1482:
1821:
2371:
298:, casein became less popular. It is still widely used by scenic painters, although acrylic has made inroads in that field as well.
1709:
El-Bakry M (2011). "Functional and
Physicochemical Properties of Casein and its Use in Food and Non-Food Industrial Applications".
1588:
1541:
1537:
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Holt C (1992). "Structure and
Stability of Bovine Casein Micelles". In Anfinsen CB, Richards FM, Edsall JT, et al. (eds.).
2260:
294:
paint, and was widely used by commercial illustrators as the material of choice until the late 1960s when, with the advent of
2150:
1169:
Panouillé M, Durand D, Nicolai T, Larquet E, Boisset N (July 2005). "Aggregation and gelation of micellar casein particles".
290:
is a fast-drying, water-soluble medium used by artists. Casein paint has been used since ancient
Egyptian times as a form of
1032:
796:
2724:
1560:"Pioneering Soy Protein Companies: I. F. Laucks, The Glidden Co., Rich Products, Gunther Products, Griffith Laboratories"
1483:
Forest
Products Laboratory, Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture, University of Wisconsin--Madison (April 1961).
212:
recent model proposes a double link among the caseins for gelling to take place. All three models consider micelles as
1623:
1467:
1440:
1411:
1313:
1059:
960:
51:
1457:
1428:
98:
have a higher casein content than other types of milk with human milk having a particularly low casein content.
2292:
2045:
Lange KW, Hauser J, Reissmann A (November 2015). "Gluten-free and casein-free diets in the therapy of autism".
1648:
843:
has been shown to improve outcomes of infants who are breastfed while allergic or intolerant to dairy protein.
804:
749:
840:
828:
170:
amino acids which hinder the formation of common secondary structural motifs of proteins. There are also no
1337:
Horne DS (1998). "Casein Interactions: Casting Light on the Black Boxes, the Structure in Dairy Products".
1510:
632:
2845:
680:
2636:
Lucarelli S, Frediani T, Zingoni AM, Ferruzzi F, Giardini O, Quintieri F, et al. (September 1995).
2825:
2637:
854:
has been shown to help casein intolerant individuals digest the protein with minimal adverse reaction.
663:
in the United States), was particularly popular in Italy during the 1930s. Recent innovations, such as
558:
Unlike many proteins, casein is not coagulated by heat. During the process of clotting, milk-clotting
116:, which is a very efficient emulsifier. Casein is secreted into milk from mammary cells in the form of
473:
All caseinates have very efficient emulsifying properties and widely used to make emulsions in foods.
676:
790:
Interest in the distinction between A1 and A2 beta-casein proteins began in the early 1990s through
2855:
2783:
1212:
Walstra P (April 1979). "The voluminosity of bovine casein micelles and some of its implications".
1141:
2817:
2801:
1559:
831:(CFGF) is commonly practiced by these individuals after discovering their intolerance or allergy.
2840:
2530:
1611:
124:
1372:
86:, comprising about 80% of the proteins in cow's milk and between 20% and 60% of the proteins in
2723:(Master thesis). Finland: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kuopio.
868:
664:
342:
187:
1403:
1396:
847:
has been proven to be the best food for an infant, and should be tried first where available.
1718:
2137:. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 996. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. pp. 103–117.
1860:
1486:
Casein glues : their manufacture, preparation, and application - Indiana State Library
1178:
694:
1825:
1773:"Putting out the fire - Efficacy of common beverages in reducing oral burn from capsaicin"
1273:
1256:
1154:
1136:
1093:
1076:
8:
2717:
Protein metabolism in exercising humans with special reference to protein supplementation
2328:
Solinas C, Corpino M, Maccioni R, Pelosi U (October 2010). "Cow's milk protein allergy".
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683:(ACP) and release the ACP onto tooth surfaces, where it can facilitate remineralization.
358:
251:
2554:
Christensen LR (November 1954). "The action of proteolytic enzymes on casein proteins".
1864:
1182:
713:
due to their readily available source (milk) and their propensity to self-assemble into
2760:
2448:
2421:
2353:
2110:
2089:
2070:
2000:
1932:
1907:
1797:
1772:
1690:
1530:
1257:"ADSA Foundation Scholar Award. Formation and physical properties of milk protein gels"
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532:
175:
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1992:
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956:
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836:
773:
579:
379:
363:
220:
2004:
1849:"Slow and fast dietary proteins differently modulate postprandial protein accretion"
839:
from something the breastfeeding parent consumed that contained casein. Following a
730:
There is not enough good evidence that caseins in milk increase the risk of getting
314:
Casein-based glues are formulated from casein, water, and alkalis (usually a mix of
2779:
2764:
2744:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2609:
2563:
2480:
2443:
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994:
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592:
319:
229:
171:
25:
2074:
1923:
1847:
Boirie Y, Dangin M, Gachon P, Vasson MP, Maubois JL, Beaufrère B (December 1997).
1788:
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2795:
2341:
2058:
1722:
883:
824:
208:
91:
2715:
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1036:
216:
particles formed by casein aggregates wrapped up in soluble κ-casein molecules.
2613:
2031:
1853:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1190:
690:
237:
233:
67:
1988:
1906:
Field KL, Kimball BA, Mennella JA, Beauchamp GK, Bachmanov AA (January 2008).
1225:
2834:
2313:
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1956:
1873:
1757:
710:
552:
520:
315:
295:
2438:
2274:
2255:
2231:
2214:
1658:
355:
manufacturing (specifically transformer board) due to its oil permeability.
2756:
2621:
2575:
2492:
2484:
2457:
2349:
2240:
2160:
2119:
2066:
1996:
1941:
1806:
1672:
1282:
1198:
1018:
925:
908:
791:
481:
287:
147:
2706:
2656:
1957:"Enamel Remineralization: The Medical Model of Practicing multi Dentistry"
1892:
1323:
1102:
934:
382:
to increase calcium content and decrease sodium levels in their products.
341:
They were popular for woodworking, including for aircraft, as late as the
306:
1233:
999:
844:
781:
541:
500:
352:
199:
179:
139:
87:
768:
occurs at that position. Due to the way that beta-casein interacts with
485:
2595:"Internet survey of treatments used by parents of children with autism"
953:
Dairy Microbiology Handbook: The Microbiology of Milk and Milk Products
753:
613:
583:
528:
492:. Milk is often consumed to decrease irritation caused by spicy foods.
195:
155:
143:
102:
2748:
2593:
Green VA, Pituch KA, Itchon J, Choi A, O'Reilly M, Sigafoos J (2006).
772:
found in the digestive system, A1 and A2 are processed differently by
878:
765:
559:
524:
477:
331:
327:
323:
279:
255:
105:
in milk, that is, it helps in mixing oils, fats, and water in milk.
2372:"Dairy Intolerance: What It Is and How to Determine If You Have It"
2087:
1371:. Ask A Scientist!. Cornell University. 24 Sep 1998. Archived from
863:
851:
799:
regulatory authority to require a health warning on ordinary milk.
667:, are offering a more refined use of the fiber for modern fabrics.
648:
647:
Some of the earliest plastics were based on casein. In particular,
637:
617:
571:
563:
548:
516:
489:
263:
108:
Casein has a wide variety of uses, from being a major component of
95:
79:
1735:
130:
1137:"Casein Micelles as Colloids: Surface Structures and Stabilities"
816:
777:
769:
757:
743:
714:
656:
652:
621:
596:
588:
567:
291:
259:
247:
213:
191:
167:
151:
117:
2635:
2088:
Millward C, Ferriter M, Calver S, Connell-Jones G (April 2008).
1459:
Scenic Design And Lighting Techniques: A Basic Guide for Theatre
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Forsyth RS (2004). "Waterborne Adhesives for Bottle Labeling".
1531:"Casein Glues: Their Manufacture, Preparation, and Application"
731:
698:
687:
660:
544:
537:
508:
244:
225:
112:, to use as a food additive. The most common form of casein is
109:
71:
2420:
Sanctuary MR, Kain JN, Angkustsiri K, German JB (2018-05-18).
2419:
2090:"Gluten- and casein-free diets for autistic spectrum disorder"
40:
2397:"Cow's Milk Allergy in Children | World Allergy Organization"
1905:
1168:
873:
183:
60:
2327:
784:-7, (BCM-7) can be released by digestion of A1-beta-casein.
764:
that make up the A2 beta-casein, while in A1 beta-casein a
640:
570:
state that results in clot formation. When coagulated with
512:
335:
204:
83:
75:
34:
2670:
2470:
283:
Casein preparation in an old etching operation in Müllheim
1433:
The Grove Encyclopedia of Materials and Techniques in Art
2132:
2047:
Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
2011:
1846:
2020:
International Journal of Clinical Preventive Dentistry
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Early R (1997). "Milk Concentrates and Milk Powders".
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Caseinate Presence and Function in Different Products
2826:
Mol-Instincts Chemical Database, Predicted on Quantum
2592:
2330:
The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
1973:
52:
43:
37:
31:
2044:
980:
752:of the beta-casein milk protein that differ by one
28:
1395:
1770:
1300:. Vol. 43. Academic Press. pp. 63–151.
2832:
1771:Nolden AA, Lenart G, Hayes JE (September 2019).
1689:
1525:
1523:
1557:
981:Braun K, Hanewald A, Vilgis TA (October 2019).
955:(3rd ed.). Wiley-Interscience. p. 3.
2734:
2017:
551:; traditionally obtained from the stomachs of
1520:
906:
737:
207:and hydrophobic interactions. Any of several
2256:"Reply: The A2 milk case: a critical review"
2081:
1455:
976:
974:
972:
659:, a fabric made from casein fiber (known as
2553:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2175:"Can milk and dairy products cause cancer?"
2094:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
946:
944:
562:act on the soluble portion of the caseins,
194:, which show only limited resemblance with
2677:Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
1954:
1819:
1393:
913:The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
709:Casein proteins have potential for use as
670:
655:. Fiber can be made from extruded casein.
2782:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
2696:
2507:"Infant Allergies and Food Sensitivities"
2447:
2437:
2312:
2273:
2230:
2109:
1931:
1882:
1872:
1796:
1272:
1153:
1134:
1092:
1035:. National Casein Company. Archived from
1008:
998:
983:"Milk Emulsions: Structure and Stability"
969:
924:
704:
419:Matrix formation, fat, and water binding
2713:
2253:
2212:
2193:
1908:"Avoidance of hydrolyzed casein by mice"
1708:
1587:. WICOR HOLDING AG. 2011. Archived from
1462:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 281–2.
1402:. Reader's Digest Association. pp.
1171:Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
950:
941:
631:
499:
305:
278:
174:. As a result, it has relatively little
129:
2556:Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
2473:Molecular Nutrition & Food Research
2287:
2285:
1638:
1616:Coatings Materials and Surface Coatings
1609:
1211:
1074:
262:. It is used to form a type of organic
82:) that are commonly found in mammalian
2833:
2602:Research in Developmental Disabilities
2261:European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
2219:European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
1435:. Oxford University Press. p. 2.
1369:Cornell Center for Teaching Innovation
829:diet known as casein-free, gluten free
815:A small fraction of the population is
602:
330:so that the casein is precipitated as
2215:"The A2 milk case: a critical review"
1365:"Turning milk into homemade moo glue"
1336:
1254:
1077:"Models for casein micelle formation"
1049:
675:Casein-derived compounds are used in
627:
359:Elmer's Glue-All, Elmer's School Glue
2737:Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism
2291:
2282:
2167:
1426:
1398:Reader's Digest Crafts & Hobbies
1295:
1118:The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia
907:Kunz C, Lönnerdal B (January 1990).
797:Food Standards Australia New Zealand
326:to remove the fat, then the milk is
2638:"Food allergy and infantile autism"
2096:(Systematic Review) (2): CD003498.
1643:. Atlanta, Ga.: TAPPI. p. 33.
721:Potential health issues and effects
334:. The curd is washed (removing the
198:-type micelles in a sense that the
13:
2585:
1702:
1683:
1618:. CRC Press. pp. 19-7–19-11.
1612:"Soybean, Blood, and Casein Glues"
1511:"Chemistry Casein Glue - Activity"
511:consists of proteins and fat from
14:
2867:
2800:. 6 December 1936. Archived from
2773:
1711:Chemical Physics Research Journal
1274:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74078-2
1155:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75865-5
1094:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(73)85335-4
810:
166:Casein contains a high number of
66:"cheese") is a family of related
2816:. 29 August 1938. Archived from
2730:from the original on 2022-10-09.
2666:from the original on 2022-10-09.
2631:from the original on 2022-10-09.
1955:Malcmacher L (8 February 2011).
1547:from the original on 2022-10-09.
1499:from the original on 2022-10-09.
1052:The technology of dairy products
591:. As it exists in milk, it is a
24:
16:Family of proteins found in milk
2547:
2523:
2499:
2464:
2413:
2389:
2364:
2321:
2247:
2126:
2038:
1967:
1948:
1899:
1840:
1813:
1764:
1729:
1665:
1641:Tappi PLACE Division Conference
1632:
1603:
1577:
1551:
1503:
1476:
1449:
1420:
1394:Weiss D, Chace S, eds. (1979).
1387:
1357:
1330:
1289:
1248:
1205:
578:. Chymosin (EC 3.4.23.4) is an
566:, thus originating an unstable
495:
2689:10.1128/MMBR.62.3.597-635.1998
2102:10.1002/14651858.CD003498.pub3
1558:Shurtleff W, Aoyagi A (2004).
1162:
1128:
1109:
1068:
1043:
1025:
900:
805:European Food Safety Authority
452:Texture, nutrition, and taste
182:, making it poorly soluble in
161:
150:, and two essential elements,
1:
1977:The Journal of Dairy Research
1924:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.08.010
1789:10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.05.018
1750:10.1016/S0958-6946(99)00111-9
1351:10.1016/S0958-6946(98)00040-5
1306:10.1016/S0065-3233(08)60554-9
1298:Advances in Protein Chemistry
1214:The Journal of Dairy Research
1075:Farrell HM (September 1973).
894:
760:occurs at position 67 in the
574:, casein is sometimes called
476:It is believed to neutralize
2568:10.1016/0003-9861(54)90240-4
2342:10.3109/14767058.2010.512103
2059:10.1097/mco.0000000000000228
1456:Gloman CB, Napoli R (2007).
351:Casein glue is also used in
190:of particles, called casein
7:
2143:10.1007/978-1-62703-354-1_6
1738:International Dairy Journal
1339:International Dairy Journal
857:
681:amorphous calcium phosphate
480:, the active ingredient of
186:. It is found in milk as a
10:
2872:
2614:10.1016/j.ridd.2004.12.002
2032:10.15236/ijcpd.2018.14.1.1
1822:"Fankhauser's Cheese Page"
1255:Lucey JA (February 2002).
1191:10.1016/j.jcis.2005.02.008
748:A1 and A2 beta-casein are
741:
738:A1/A2 beta caseins in milk
725:
651:was well known for use in
470:in children at that time.
232:solutions such as aqueous
1989:10.1017/S0022029905001482
1912:Physiology & Behavior
1777:Physiology & Behavior
1226:10.1017/S0022029900017234
951:Robinson RK, ed. (2002).
2784:Medical Subject Headings
2314:10.2903/j.efsa.2009.231r
2213:Truswell AS (May 2005).
1874:10.1073/pnas.94.26.14930
1261:Journal of Dairy Science
1081:Journal of Dairy Science
274:
2439:10.3389/fnut.2018.00040
2275:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602454
2232:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602104
1614:. In Tracton AA (ed.).
671:Medical and dental uses
430:Texture and stabilizer
373:
301:
269:
125:biomolecular condensate
2485:10.1002/mnfr.200900582
2426:Frontiers in Nutrition
2135:Protein Nanotechnology
1820:Fankhauser DB (2007).
869:Casin (disambiguation)
705:Nanotechnological uses
693:are sometimes used in
679:products to stabilize
677:tooth remineralization
644:
515:, usually the milk of
505:
408:Texture and nutrition
370:on a production line.
311:
284:
135:
101:Casein is the primary
1427:Ward GW, ed. (2008).
1135:Dalgleish DG (1998).
635:
503:
310:Preparing casein glue
309:
282:
133:
2824:Structure of casein
2714:Manninen AH (2002).
2401:www.worldallergy.org
2254:Truswell AS (2006).
1828:on 25 September 2007
1375:on 28 September 2011
1039:on 12 November 2012.
1000:10.3390/foods8100483
926:10.1093/ajcn/51.1.37
776:, and a seven-amino
762:chain of amino acids
695:alternative medicine
531:. It is produced by
2511:HealthyChildren.org
1865:1997PNAS...9414930B
1859:(26): 14930–14935.
1591:on 22 December 2011
1183:2005JCIS..287...85P
1122:Columbia University
1033:"Industrial Casein"
850:Supplementation of
603:Protein supplements
387:
178:. It is relatively
2846:Mammalian proteins
2376:Mark's Daily Apple
2336:(Suppl 3): 76–79.
2179:Cancer Research UK
1610:Lambuth A (2006).
1429:"Acrylic painting"
889:Beta-lactoglobulin
819:to casein. Casein
697:for children with
645:
628:Plastics and fiber
582:that specifically
506:
441:Fat stabilization
385:
348:airliner in 1939.
312:
285:
176:tertiary structure
142:, casein supplies
136:
2749:10.1159/000012817
2645:Panminerva Medica
2479:(11): 1677–1689.
2181:. 1 November 2021
2152:978-1-62703-353-4
1585:"Laminated Board"
1564:soyinfocenter.com
845:Human breast milk
774:digestive enzymes
610:hydrolyzed casein
580:aspartic protease
467:
466:
435:Whipped toppings
394:Caseinate %
380:calcium caseinate
221:isoelectric point
172:disulfide bridges
2863:
2821:
2810:"Wool from Cows"
2805:
2768:
2731:
2729:
2722:
2710:
2700:
2667:
2665:
2642:
2632:
2630:
2599:
2580:
2579:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2451:
2441:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2234:
2210:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2113:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2015:
2009:
2008:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1935:
1918:(1–2): 189–199.
1903:
1897:
1896:
1886:
1876:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1824:. Archived from
1817:
1811:
1810:
1800:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1535:
1527:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1491:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1401:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1276:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1120:(6th ed.).
1113:
1107:
1106:
1096:
1087:(9): 1195–1206.
1072:
1066:
1065:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1012:
1002:
978:
967:
966:
948:
939:
938:
928:
904:
841:casein-free diet
837:adverse reaction
750:genetic variants
643:pre-1953 buttons
612:, whereby it is
388:
384:
320:sodium hydroxide
209:molecular models
114:sodium caseinate
55:
50:
49:
46:
45:
42:
39:
36:
33:
30:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2856:Phosphoproteins
2831:
2830:
2808:
2789:
2776:
2771:
2727:
2720:
2663:
2640:
2628:
2597:
2588:
2586:Further reading
2583:
2552:
2548:
2539:
2537:
2531:"Breastfeeding"
2529:
2528:
2524:
2515:
2513:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2469:
2465:
2418:
2414:
2405:
2403:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2381:
2379:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2326:
2322:
2290:
2283:
2252:
2248:
2211:
2194:
2184:
2182:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2153:
2131:
2127:
2086:
2082:
2043:
2039:
2016:
2012:
1972:
1968:
1961:Dentistry Today
1953:
1949:
1904:
1900:
1845:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1818:
1814:
1769:
1765:
1734:
1730:
1707:
1703:
1696:
1688:
1684:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1651:
1637:
1633:
1626:
1608:
1604:
1594:
1592:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1568:
1566:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1521:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1496:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1425:
1421:
1414:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1376:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1335:
1331:
1316:
1294:
1290:
1253:
1249:
1210:
1206:
1167:
1163:
1133:
1129:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1073:
1069:
1062:
1048:
1044:
1031:
1030:
1026:
979:
970:
963:
949:
942:
905:
901:
897:
884:Protein quality
860:
852:protease enzyme
825:autistic traits
813:
792:epidemiological
746:
740:
728:
723:
707:
691:exclusion diets
673:
630:
605:
540:, containing a
498:
376:
304:
277:
272:
164:
121:casein micelles
68:phosphoproteins
53:
27:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2869:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2841:Dairy products
2829:
2828:
2822:
2820:on 2009-03-04.
2806:
2804:on 2008-05-10.
2787:
2775:
2774:External links
2772:
2770:
2769:
2732:
2711:
2683:(3): 597–635.
2668:
2651:(3): 137–141.
2633:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2562:(1): 128–137.
2546:
2522:
2498:
2463:
2412:
2388:
2363:
2320:
2281:
2246:
2225:(5): 623–631.
2192:
2166:
2151:
2125:
2080:
2053:(6): 572–575.
2037:
2010:
1966:
1947:
1898:
1839:
1812:
1763:
1744:(3): 411–412.
1728:
1701:
1691:US 20160374360
1682:
1673:"Casein glues"
1664:
1649:
1631:
1624:
1602:
1576:
1550:
1519:
1502:
1475:
1468:
1448:
1441:
1419:
1412:
1386:
1356:
1329:
1314:
1288:
1267:(2): 281–294.
1247:
1220:(2): 317–323.
1204:
1161:
1148:(11): 3013–8.
1127:
1108:
1067:
1060:
1042:
1024:
968:
961:
940:
898:
896:
893:
892:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
859:
856:
812:
811:Casein allergy
809:
742:Main article:
739:
736:
727:
724:
722:
719:
706:
703:
672:
669:
629:
626:
604:
601:
497:
494:
465:
464:
463:Water binding
461:
458:
454:
453:
450:
447:
443:
442:
439:
436:
432:
431:
428:
425:
421:
420:
417:
414:
410:
409:
406:
403:
399:
398:
395:
392:
375:
372:
303:
300:
276:
273:
271:
268:
238:sodium acetate
234:sodium oxalate
163:
160:
134:Micelle casein
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2868:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2814:Time magazine
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2718:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2634:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2596:
2591:
2590:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2550:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2467:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2416:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2324:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2250:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1970:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1902:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1843:
1827:
1823:
1816:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1705:
1692:
1686:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1642:
1635:
1627:
1625:9781420044058
1621:
1617:
1613:
1606:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1565:
1561:
1554:
1543:
1539:
1532:
1526:
1524:
1512:
1506:
1495:
1488:
1487:
1479:
1471:
1469:9780240808062
1465:
1461:
1460:
1452:
1444:
1442:9780195313918
1438:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1415:
1413:9780895770639
1409:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1390:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1315:9780120342433
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1208:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1165:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1142:J. Dairy Sci.
1138:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1071:
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1061:9780751403442
1057:
1053:
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1028:
1020:
1016:
1011:
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1001:
996:
992:
988:
984:
977:
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964:
962:9780471385967
958:
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945:
936:
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918:
914:
910:
903:
899:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
861:
855:
853:
848:
846:
842:
838:
832:
830:
826:
822:
818:
808:
806:
800:
798:
793:
788:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
745:
735:
733:
718:
716:
712:
711:nanomaterials
702:
700:
696:
692:
689:
684:
682:
678:
668:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
642:
639:
634:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
608:available as
600:
598:
594:
590:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
556:
554:
550:
546:
543:
539:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
502:
493:
491:
487:
483:
482:chili peppers
479:
474:
471:
462:
459:
456:
455:
451:
448:
445:
444:
440:
437:
434:
433:
429:
426:
423:
422:
418:
415:
412:
411:
407:
404:
401:
400:
396:
393:
390:
389:
383:
381:
371:
367:
365:
360:
356:
354:
349:
347:
346:
343:de Havilland
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
316:hydrated lime
308:
299:
297:
296:acrylic paint
293:
289:
281:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
246:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
222:
217:
215:
210:
206:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
159:
157:
153:
149:
148:carbohydrates
145:
141:
132:
128:
126:
122:
119:
115:
111:
106:
104:
99:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
58:
57:
48:
21:
2818:the original
2813:
2802:the original
2794:
2743:(1): 21–29.
2740:
2736:
2716:
2680:
2676:
2648:
2644:
2608:(1): 70–84.
2605:
2601:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2538:. Retrieved
2534:
2525:
2514:. Retrieved
2510:
2501:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2429:
2425:
2415:
2404:. Retrieved
2400:
2391:
2380:. Retrieved
2378:. 2013-12-24
2375:
2366:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2304:
2301:EFSA Journal
2300:
2268:(7): 924–5.
2265:
2259:
2249:
2222:
2218:
2183:. Retrieved
2178:
2169:
2134:
2128:
2093:
2083:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2023:
2019:
2013:
1983:(1): 74–78.
1980:
1976:
1969:
1960:
1950:
1915:
1911:
1901:
1856:
1852:
1842:
1830:. Retrieved
1826:the original
1815:
1780:
1776:
1766:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1685:
1676:
1667:
1640:
1634:
1615:
1605:
1593:. Retrieved
1589:the original
1579:
1567:. Retrieved
1563:
1553:
1505:
1485:
1478:
1458:
1451:
1432:
1422:
1397:
1389:
1377:. Retrieved
1373:the original
1368:
1359:
1345:(3): 171–7.
1342:
1338:
1332:
1297:
1291:
1264:
1260:
1250:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1177:(1): 85–93.
1174:
1170:
1164:
1145:
1140:
1130:
1117:
1111:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1051:
1045:
1037:the original
1027:
990:
986:
952:
919:(1): 37–46.
916:
912:
902:
849:
833:
814:
801:
789:
786:
747:
729:
708:
685:
674:
646:
609:
606:
575:
557:
507:
504:Cheesemaking
496:Cheesemaking
475:
472:
468:
457:Baked goods
377:
368:
357:
350:
344:
340:
313:
288:Casein paint
286:
258:-containing
242:
218:
165:
137:
123:, a type of
120:
113:
107:
100:
63:
19:
18:
2535:www.who.int
2307:(2): 231r.
2026:(1): 1–10.
1717:: 125–138.
993:(10): 483.
821:intolerance
782:casomorphin
686:Casein and
542:proteolytic
533:coagulation
353:transformer
322:). Milk is
200:hydrophilic
180:hydrophobic
162:Composition
144:amino acids
140:food source
2835:Categories
2540:2020-11-18
2516:2020-11-18
2406:2020-11-18
2382:2020-11-18
1783:: 112557.
1723:1707988596
1650:1595100628
1116:"Casein".
895:References
754:amino acid
614:hydrolyzed
584:hydrolyzes
576:paracasein
424:Ice Cream
196:surfactant
188:suspension
156:phosphorus
103:emulsifier
88:human milk
2791:"Lanital"
1758:0958-6946
1677:Adhesives
1242:222355860
879:Milk skin
766:histidine
717:fibrils.
560:proteases
547:known as
490:habaneros
486:jalapeños
478:capsaicin
397:Function
345:Albatross
332:milk curd
256:phosphate
252:hydrolyze
214:colloidal
118:colloidal
2798:magazine
2757:10838463
2725:Archived
2661:Archived
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