34:
819:
301:
It would be intolerable and unreasonable if a prohibition agent were authorized to stop every automobile on the chance of finding liquor, and thus subject all persons lawfully using the highways to the inconvenience and indignity of such a search.... hose lawfully within the country, entitled to use
291:
in non-border search situations, and
Congress always recognized "a necessary difference" between searches of buildings and vehicles "for contraband goods, where it is not practical to secure a warrant, because the vehicle can be quickly moved out of the locality or jurisdiction in which the warrant
633:
where the officers had probable cause to believe a vehicle contained liquor, but they waited until the driver showed up to arrest him and search the car. The Court thus rejected Husty's contention that the search was invalid since the police could have obtained a warrant under the circumstances.
302:
the public highways, have a right to free passage without interruption or search unless there is known to a competent official, authorized to search, probable cause for believing that their vehicles are carrying contraband or illegal merchandise.
2266:
256:, officers arranged an undercover purchase of liquor from George Carroll, an illicit dealer under investigation, but the transaction was not completed. They later saw Carroll and John Kiro driving on the highway from
346:
filed a dissenting opinion. In brief, they believed that the fact that the case involved bootleggers was prejudicial yet not a justification for creating a broad exception to unreasonable search doctrine.
573: (1996) ("If a car is readily mobile and probable cause exists to believe it contains contraband, the Fourth Amendment thus permits police to search the vehicle without more," citing
275:
provided that officers could make warrantless searches of vehicles, boats, or airplanes when they had reason to believe illegal liquor was being transported and that law enforced the
3092:
3856:
3677:
983:
978:
957:
276:
2226:
834:
701:
678:
619:
595:
580:
563:
522: (1925). The National Prohibition Act required a search warrant for a search of a building. However, this law was revoked in 1933 when Prohibition ended.
512:
475:
456:
445:
427:
408:
75:
3826:
1038:
1484:
215:
2160:
1839:
3816:
823:
1001:
991:
2998:
1023:
2990:
1595:
268:, which they regularly patrolled. They pursued them, pulled them over, and searched the car, finding illegal liquor behind the rear seat.
2939:
996:
3811:
3038:
1085:
919:
3861:
2387:
324:
237:
101:
3445:
1475:
782:
777:
3821:
3135:
3006:
2910:
1185:
1063:
902:
2671:
1135:
3851:
3651:
3602:
38:
3178:
1723:
1603:
2894:
2878:
1246:
962:
393:
to observe that a search of a vehicle may be reasonable where the same search of a dwelling may not be reasonable.
253:
3836:
2918:
2072:
1412:
3306:
3022:
2947:
2902:
1760:
1165:
1150:
3503:
3186:
2023:
1635:
3100:
1611:
1468:
947:
872:
104:
of a car does not violate the
Constitution. The mobility of the automobile makes it impracticable to get a
3846:
3030:
2688:
1823:
1523:
1396:
1013:
233:
3333:
2803:
1776:
1547:
1423:
1306:
1070:
3831:
3562:
2736:
2712:
2704:
2680:
2542:
2489:
2414:
2341:
2322:
1967:
1951:
1531:
895:
451:
131:
854:
3495:
2857:
2497:
1983:
1871:
1439:
219:
3745:
3522:
3154:
3046:
2869:
2771:
2578:
2521:
2258:
2184:
2176:
2152:
2104:
1847:
1799:
1688:
1680:
1587:
1563:
1461:
1376:
1336:
1180:
1155:
1048:
241:
163:
3437:
3252:
2974:
2886:
2566:
2438:
2128:
2112:
1991:
1879:
1752:
1619:
1571:
1211:
942:
470:
339:
143:
327:
to believe that the vehicle could be removed from the area before a warrant could be obtained.
3621:
3487:
3325:
2982:
2811:
2635:
2611:
2505:
2287:
1914:
1863:
1715:
1696:
1579:
1555:
1539:
1515:
1341:
1281:
1175:
1043:
932:
927:
838:
705:
682:
623:
599:
584:
567:
516:
479:
460:
431:
412:
403:
67:
845:
374:
to permit searches of passengers in a vehicle that had apparently been lawfully stopped. In
3841:
3737:
3534:
3478:
3271:
3065:
2696:
2619:
2558:
2481:
2250:
2044:
1743:
1671:
1627:
888:
587:
575:
519:
167:
1453:
937:
8:
3457:
3378:
3354:
3345:
3290:
3236:
2955:
2787:
2752:
2659:
2643:
2603:
2595:
2533:
2513:
2462:
2136:
2007:
1999:
1643:
1361:
1170:
1145:
726:
422:
356:
139:
123:
3589:
3170:
3162:
3014:
2849:
2720:
2430:
2422:
2362:
2353:
2278:
2242:
2234:
2168:
2096:
2080:
1855:
1206:
1100:
1090:
1018:
863:
799:
743:
685:
626:
602:
570:
482:
415:
708:
434:
3772:
3466:
3421:
3194:
3084:
2930:
2627:
2454:
2015:
1975:
1906:
1768:
1417:
1256:
1201:
764:
463:
440:
343:
155:
3780:
3729:
3386:
3362:
3244:
3127:
2830:
2795:
2651:
2550:
2446:
2406:
2303:
2192:
2144:
2120:
1959:
1887:
1831:
1731:
1651:
1356:
1266:
1105:
791:
735:
70:
3659:
3613:
3570:
3543:
3370:
3298:
3119:
2744:
2728:
1659:
1391:
1381:
1346:
1311:
1251:
952:
489:
175:
3683:
2779:
2295:
2088:
1939:
1807:
1371:
1008:
778:"Authority of Highway Patrol to Stop and Search Motor Vehicles without Warrant"
379:
332:
320:
288:
151:
105:
3805:
2213:
2064:
2043:
1815:
1386:
1366:
1321:
1301:
1286:
1261:
1216:
1125:
768:
319:
doctrine: a vehicle could be searched without a search warrant if there was
3753:
1351:
1331:
1296:
1276:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1160:
1080:
310:
where the securing of a warrant is reasonably practicable, it must be used.
272:
261:
378:
there was no probable cause to believe that the passenger was holding any
1271:
1241:
1140:
1110:
1028:
911:
363:
decision into statute law in
Florida, and the statute remains in effect.
2048:
1326:
1316:
1115:
1053:
1033:
803:
747:
880:
1291:
1221:
1130:
1095:
1058:
16:
1925 U.S. Supreme Court case establishing the motor vehicle exception
795:
739:
331:
Underneath their opinion, the majority included a note that
Justice
2052:
1075:
558:
267 U.S. at 156. Observation: This comment is no longer valid. See
265:
818:
1120:
323:
to believe that evidence is present in the vehicle, coupled with
257:
244:. The case has also been cited as widening the scope of search.
205:
Stone took no part in the consideration or decision of the case.
755:
Schrader, G. D. (1980). "Warrantless
Vehicle Stop and Search".
335:
concurred with them before his retirement earlier in the year.
192:
Taft, joined by Holmes, Van
Devanter, Brandeis, Butler, Sanford
86:
82:
33:
724:
Black, Forrest R. (1929). "A Critique of the
Carroll Case".
287:
The Court noted that
Congress early observed the need for a
1483:
292:
must be sought." The warrantless search was thus valid.
2386:
446:
List of United States
Supreme Court cases, volume 267
3857:
United States
Supreme Court cases of the Taft Court
1039:
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
629: (1931), a vehicle search was sustained under
2161:Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada
1497:
3803:
3711:
2999:National Treasury Employees Union v. Von Raab
1469:
1024:Association Against the Prohibition Amendment
896:
232:, 267 U.S. 132 (1925), was a decision by the
3827:United States Eighteenth Amendment case law
2940:Michigan Department of State Police v. Sitz
3039:Safford Unified School District v. Redding
1476:
1462:
1086:Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933
903:
889:
775:
57:George Carroll, John Kiro v. United States
2991:Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives Ass'n
1596:Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives Ass'n
3446:Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. United States
754:
240:of an automobile, which is known as the
3817:United States Fourth Amendment case law
3136:Florence v. Board of Chosen Freeholders
2212:
910:
824:Carroll v. United States (267 U.S. 132)
783:Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
3804:
3429:
3710:
3409:
3217:
3058:Property of probationers and parolees
3007:Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton
2911:United States v. Montoya De Hernandez
2385:
2211:
2042:
1937:
1496:
1457:
1064:List of dry communities by U.S. state
884:
723:
21:1925 United States Supreme Court case
3264:Seizure of premises awaiting warrant
1136:Swedish prohibition referendum, 1922
350:
988:Australian prohibition referendums
13:
3652:Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents
2334:Warrants directed at third parties
1938:
1186:Woman's Christian Temperance Union
984:21st Amendment (U.S. Constitution)
979:18th Amendment (U.S. Constitution)
717:
39:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
3873:
3812:United States Supreme Court cases
3179:County of Riverside v. McLaughlin
2967:Students, employees, and patients
2764:Breathalyzers, blood samples, DNA
2388:Exceptions to warrant requirement
1724:Dow Chemical Co. v. United States
1604:United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez
841:132 (1925) is available from:
811:
3862:Prohibition in the United States
3229:Distinguishing stops and arrests
2895:United States v. Martinez-Fuerte
2879:Almeida-Sanchez v. United States
817:
200:McReynolds, joined by Sutherland
32:
3722:Unreasonable search and seizure
2919:United States v. Flores-Montano
2315:Neutral and detached magistrate
2073:United States v. Brignoni-Ponce
1413:National Prohibition Party (UK)
691:
668:
370:, the Court declined to extend
3822:1925 in United States case law
3023:Ferguson v. City of Charleston
2948:City of Indianapolis v. Edmond
2267:Los Angeles County v. Rettelle
1485:United States Fourth Amendment
1166:Voluntary Committee of Lawyers
1151:Temperance (Scotland) Act 1913
659:
650:
641:
608:
552:
543:
534:
525:
502:
1:
3318:Detention during vehicle stop
3187:Atwater v. City of Lago Vista
3112:Searches in jails and prisons
2024:District of Columbia v. Wesby
1498:Scope of the Fourth Amendment
1443:(2011 documentary miniseries)
496:
247:
3712:Incorporation against States
3410:
3283:Detention incident to search
3218:
3101:City of Los Angeles v. Patel
776:Whittlesey, John S. (1947).
7:
3031:Board of Education v. Earls
2689:United States v. Rabinowitz
2672:Searches incident to arrest
1824:United States v. Mendenhall
1397:Izzy Einstein and Moe Smith
1014:American Temperance Society
396:
282:
234:United States Supreme Court
10:
3878:
3334:Rodriguez v. United States
3077:Administrative inspections
2804:Birchfield v. North Dakota
1777:Carpenter v. United States
1548:Silverman v. United States
1424:Scottish Prohibition Party
3852:Legal history of Michigan
3764:
3721:
3717:
3706:
3670:
3643:
3636:
3600:
3581:
3563:Wong Sun v. United States
3554:
3533:
3514:
3477:
3456:
3420:
3416:
3405:
3344:
3317:
3282:
3263:
3228:
3224:
3213:
3146:
3111:
3093:Camara v. Municipal Court
3076:
3057:
2966:
2929:
2868:
2841:
2822:
2763:
2737:Thornton v. United States
2713:United States v. Chadwick
2705:United States v. Robinson
2681:Trupiano v. United States
2670:
2577:
2543:Coolidge v. New Hampshire
2532:
2490:Schneckloth v. Bustamonte
2473:
2415:United States v. Chadwick
2398:
2394:
2381:
2352:
2342:Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
2333:
2323:Coolidge v. New Hampshire
2314:
2277:
2221:
2207:
2059:
2038:
1968:Spinelli v. United States
1952:Brinegar v. United States
1946:
1933:
1899:Fourth Amendment standing
1898:
1791:
1742:
1707:
1670:
1532:Olmstead v. United States
1507:
1503:
1492:
1432:
1405:
1194:
971:
918:
452:United States v. Chadwick
315:That became known as the
295:The Court held, however,
214:
209:
204:
196:
188:
183:
117:
112:
99:
94:
62:
52:
45:
31:
26:
3496:Herring v. United States
2858:South Dakota v. Opperman
2588:Carroll v. United States
2498:United States v. Matlock
2227:Johnson v. United States
2049:Investigative detentions
1984:Ornelas v. United States
1872:United States v. Drayton
1002:Western Australian, 1950
992:Western Australian, 1925
831:Carroll v. United States
509:Carroll v. United States
273:National Prohibition Act
229:Carroll v. United States
220:National Prohibition Act
27:Carroll v. United States
3746:Elkins v. United States
3523:Murray v. United States
3307:Bailey v. United States
3155:United States v. Watson
3047:City of Ontario v. Quon
2903:United States v. Ramsey
2772:Schmerber v. California
2522:Fernandez v. California
2259:United States v. Grubbs
2185:Heien v. North Carolina
2177:Navarette v. California
2153:United States v. Arvizu
2105:United States v. Cortez
1848:California v. Hodari D.
1800:Counselman v. Hitchcock
1761:United States v. Miller
1689:Oliver v. United States
1681:Hester v. United States
1588:California v. Greenwood
1564:United States v. Knotts
1377:William Harvey Thompson
1337:The LaMontages brothers
1156:United Kingdom Alliance
3837:Grand Rapids, Michigan
3504:Davis v. United States
3438:Weeks v. United States
3253:United States v. Place
2975:New Jersey v. T. L. O.
2887:United States v. Ortiz
2567:Minnesota v. Dickerson
2439:Brigham City v. Stuart
2129:Minnesota v. Dickerson
2113:United States v. Place
1992:Whren v. United States
1880:Brendlin v. California
1753:United States v. White
1636:United States v. Jones
1620:Kyllo v. United States
1572:United States v. Place
1212:Thomas Holliday Barker
675:United States v. Di Re
616:Husty v. United States
560:Pennsylvania v. Labron
471:Weeks v. United States
368:United States v. Di Re
340:James Clark McReynolds
3622:Kimmelman v. Morrison
3488:United States v. Leon
3458:Impeachment exception
3326:Pennsylvania v. Mimms
2812:Mitchell v. Wisconsin
2636:California v. Acevedo
2612:United States v. Ross
2506:Illinois v. Rodriguez
2399:Exigent circumstances
2288:Boyd v. United States
1915:Byrd v. United States
1864:Soldal v. Cook County
1792:Definition of seizure
1716:California v. Ciraolo
1697:United States v. Dunn
1612:Bond v. United States
1580:United States v. Karo
1556:Katz v. United States
1540:Abel v. United States
1516:Boyd v. United States
1282:Frederic Richard Lees
1176:Wickersham Commission
1044:Bureau of Prohibition
997:New South Wales, 1928
958:Russia / Soviet Union
404:Boyd v. United States
325:exigent circumstances
308:The Court added that
216:U.S. Const. amend. IV
48:Decided March 2, 1925
46:Argued March 14, 1924
3765:Warrant requirements
3738:Rochin v. California
3535:Inevitable discovery
3479:Good-faith exception
3272:Illinois v. McArthur
3066:Samson v. California
2697:Chimel v. California
2620:California v. Carney
2559:Horton v. California
2482:Stoner v. California
2251:Maryland v. Garrison
2045:Reasonable suspicion
1744:Third-party doctrine
1672:Open-fields doctrine
1628:Illinois v. Caballes
1524:United States v. Lee
1508:Definition of search
698:Cooper v. California
665:Fla. Stat. s. 933.19
656:267 U.S. at 163-175.
576:California v. Carney
391:Cooper v. California
385:The Court relied on
277:Eighteenth Amendment
242:automobile exception
238:warrantless searches
132:Oliver W. Holmes Jr.
3379:Plumhoff v. Rickard
3355:Tennessee v. Garner
3291:Michigan v. Summers
3237:Dunaway v. New York
3147:Warrantless arrests
2956:Illinois v. Lidster
2788:Missouri v. McNeely
2753:Riley v. California
2660:Collins v. Virginia
2644:Wyoming v. Houghton
2604:Arkansas v. Sanders
2596:Chambers v. Maroney
2514:Georgia v. Randolph
2463:Lange v. California
2137:Illinois v. Wardlow
2008:Devenpeck v. Alford
2000:Maryland v. Pringle
1708:Aerial surveillance
1644:Florida v. Jardines
1362:Howard Hyde Russell
1181:Willis–Campbell Act
1146:Temperance movement
1049:Cullen–Harrison Act
912:Alcohol prohibition
873:Library of Congress
727:Columbia Law Review
549:267 U.S. at 153-54.
423:Chambers v. Maroney
357:Florida Legislature
144:James C. McReynolds
140:Willis Van Devanter
3847:Transport case law
3590:Hudson v. Michigan
3515:Independent source
3171:Welsh v. Wisconsin
3163:Payton v. New York
3015:Chandler v. Miller
2983:O'Connor v. Ortega
2850:Cady v. Dombrowski
2842:Inventory searches
2721:New York v. Belton
2431:Welsh v. Wisconsin
2423:Payton v. New York
2363:Wilson v. Arkansas
2354:Knock-and-announce
2279:Mere evidence rule
2243:Ybarra v. Illinois
2235:Franks v. Delaware
2169:Arizona v. Johnson
2097:Ybarra v. Illinois
2081:Delaware v. Prouse
1856:Florida v. Bostick
1207:Harry J. Anslinger
1101:Neo-prohibitionism
1091:Molly Pitcher Club
1019:Anti-Saloon League
638:, 282 U.S. at 701.
531:267 U.S. at 150-53
128:Associate Justices
102:warrantless search
81:45 S. Ct. 280; 69
3799:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3773:Ker v. California
3702:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3632:
3631:
3582:No-knock searches
3467:James v. Illinois
3422:Exclusionary rule
3401:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3195:Virginia v. Moore
3085:Frank v. Maryland
2823:Protective sweeps
2628:Florida v. Jimeno
2455:Caniglia v. Strom
2377:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2203:
2202:
2034:
2033:
2016:Florida v. Harris
1976:Illinois v. Gates
1929:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1907:Rakas v. Illinois
1787:
1786:
1769:Smith v. Maryland
1451:
1450:
1418:Prohibition Party
1406:Political parties
1342:Lanzetta Brothers
1257:Clinton N. Howard
1202:Martha Meir Allen
822:Works related to
592:Maryland v. Dyson
441:Exclusionary rule
351:Subsequent events
344:George Sutherland
225:
224:
168:Edward T. Sanford
156:George Sutherland
3869:
3832:1925 in Michigan
3781:Aguilar v. Texas
3730:Wolf v. Colorado
3719:
3718:
3708:
3707:
3678:42 U.S.C. § 1983
3641:
3640:
3427:
3426:
3418:
3417:
3407:
3406:
3387:Mullenix v. Luna
3363:Graham v. Connor
3245:Florida v. Royer
3226:
3225:
3215:
3214:
3128:Hudson v. Palmer
2831:Maryland v. Buie
2796:Maryland v. King
2652:Florida v. White
2579:Vehicle searches
2551:Arizona v. Hicks
2474:Consent searches
2447:Kentucky v. King
2407:Warden v. Hayden
2396:
2395:
2383:
2382:
2304:Warden v. Hayden
2275:
2274:
2209:
2208:
2193:Kansas v. Glover
2145:Florida v. J. L.
2121:Michigan v. Long
2040:
2039:
1960:Aguilar v. Texas
1935:
1934:
1888:Torres v. Madrid
1832:Florida v. Royer
1732:Florida v. Riley
1668:
1667:
1652:Klayman v. Obama
1505:
1504:
1494:
1493:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1455:
1454:
1357:Arnold Rothstein
1267:Enoch L. Johnson
1106:Roaring Twenties
905:
898:
891:
882:
881:
877:
871:
868:
862:
859:
853:
850:
844:
821:
807:
772:
751:
734:(8): 1068–1098.
712:
695:
689:
672:
666:
663:
657:
654:
648:
647:267 U.S. at 163.
645:
639:
612:
606:
556:
550:
547:
541:
540:267 U.S. at 153.
538:
532:
529:
523:
506:
236:that upheld the
113:Court membership
36:
35:
24:
23:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3787:
3760:
3713:
3690:
3666:
3660:Egbert v. Boule
3628:
3614:Stone v. Powell
3596:
3577:
3571:Utah v. Strieff
3550:
3544:Nix v. Williams
3529:
3510:
3473:
3452:
3412:
3393:
3371:Scott v. Harris
3346:Excessive force
3340:
3313:
3299:Muehler v. Mena
3278:
3259:
3220:
3201:
3142:
3120:Bell v. Wolfish
3107:
3072:
3053:
2962:
2925:
2870:Border searches
2864:
2837:
2818:
2759:
2745:Arizona v. Gant
2729:Knowles v. Iowa
2666:
2573:
2528:
2469:
2390:
2369:
2348:
2329:
2310:
2273:
2217:
2199:
2055:
2030:
1942:
1921:
1894:
1783:
1738:
1703:
1666:
1660:ACLU v. Clapper
1499:
1488:
1482:
1452:
1447:
1428:
1401:
1392:Frances Willard
1382:Andrew Volstead
1347:The Purple Gang
1312:J. Howard Moore
1252:J. Edgar Hoover
1190:
1171:Webb–Kenyon Act
967:
914:
909:
875:
869:
866:
860:
857:
851:
848:
842:
814:
796:10.2307/1138298
740:10.2307/1115229
720:
718:Further reading
715:
696:
692:
673:
669:
664:
660:
655:
651:
646:
642:
613:
609:
557:
553:
548:
544:
539:
535:
530:
526:
507:
503:
499:
490:Arizona v. Gant
399:
353:
285:
250:
176:Harlan F. Stone
166:
154:
142:
124:William H. Taft
90:
47:
41:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3875:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3797:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3777:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3750:
3742:
3734:
3725:
3723:
3715:
3714:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3684:Monroe v. Pape
3680:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3656:
3647:
3645:
3638:
3634:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3618:
3609:
3607:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3567:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3539:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3500:
3492:
3483:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3462:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3442:
3433:
3431:
3424:
3414:
3413:
3403:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3383:
3375:
3367:
3359:
3350:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3330:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3303:
3295:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3249:
3241:
3232:
3230:
3222:
3221:
3211:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3191:
3183:
3175:
3167:
3159:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3132:
3124:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3097:
3089:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3043:
3035:
3027:
3019:
3011:
3003:
2995:
2987:
2979:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2952:
2944:
2935:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2915:
2907:
2899:
2891:
2883:
2874:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2854:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2808:
2800:
2792:
2784:
2780:Cupp v. Murphy
2776:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2749:
2741:
2733:
2725:
2717:
2709:
2701:
2693:
2685:
2676:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2656:
2648:
2640:
2632:
2624:
2616:
2608:
2600:
2592:
2583:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2563:
2555:
2547:
2538:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2518:
2510:
2502:
2494:
2486:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2459:
2451:
2443:
2435:
2427:
2419:
2411:
2402:
2400:
2392:
2391:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2358:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2300:
2296:Hale v. Henkel
2292:
2283:
2281:
2272:
2271:
2263:
2255:
2247:
2239:
2231:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2189:
2181:
2173:
2165:
2157:
2149:
2141:
2133:
2125:
2117:
2109:
2101:
2093:
2089:Brown v. Texas
2085:
2077:
2069:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2020:
2012:
2004:
1996:
1988:
1980:
1972:
1964:
1956:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1940:Probable cause
1931:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1911:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1884:
1876:
1868:
1860:
1852:
1844:
1840:INS v. Delgado
1836:
1828:
1820:
1812:
1808:Hale v. Henkel
1804:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1773:
1765:
1757:
1748:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1728:
1720:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1693:
1685:
1676:
1674:
1665:
1664:
1656:
1648:
1640:
1632:
1624:
1616:
1608:
1600:
1592:
1584:
1576:
1568:
1560:
1552:
1544:
1536:
1528:
1520:
1511:
1509:
1501:
1500:
1490:
1489:
1481:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1458:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1372:Eliza Thompson
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1247:William Harvey
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1009:American Mafia
1006:
1005:
1004:
999:
994:
986:
981:
975:
973:
969:
968:
966:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
924:
922:
916:
915:
908:
907:
900:
893:
885:
879:
878:
855:Google Scholar
827:
813:
812:External links
810:
809:
808:
790:(3): 239–244.
773:
763:(3): 365–386.
757:Alabama Lawyer
752:
719:
716:
714:
713:
690:
667:
658:
649:
640:
607:
551:
542:
533:
524:
500:
498:
495:
494:
493:
486:
467:
448:
443:
438:
419:
398:
395:
352:
349:
333:Joseph McKenna
321:probable cause
306:
305:
304:
303:
289:search warrant
284:
281:
249:
246:
223:
222:
212:
211:
207:
206:
202:
201:
198:
194:
193:
190:
186:
185:
181:
180:
179:
178:
152:Louis Brandeis
129:
126:
121:
115:
114:
110:
109:
106:search warrant
97:
96:
92:
91:
80:
64:
60:
59:
54:
53:Full case name
50:
49:
43:
42:
37:
29:
28:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3874:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3756:
3755:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3709:
3705:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3639:
3635:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3603:Habeas corpus
3599:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3408:
3404:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3216:
3212:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2065:Terry v. Ohio
2062:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1816:Terry v. Ohio
1813:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1663:(D.D.C. 2013)
1662:
1661:
1657:
1655:(D.D.C. 2013)
1654:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1479:
1474:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1460:
1459:
1456:
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1387:Wayne Wheeler
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1367:Dutch Schultz
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1322:Carrie Nation
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1307:William McCoy
1305:
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1302:Joseph Malins
1300:
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1287:Lucky Luciano
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1262:Bumpy Johnson
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963:United States
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826:at Wikisource
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120:Chief Justice
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2413:
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2135:
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2119:
2111:
2103:
2095:
2087:
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2071:
2063:
2022:
2014:
2006:
1998:
1990:
1982:
1974:
1966:
1958:
1950:
1913:
1905:
1886:
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1838:
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1554:
1546:
1538:
1530:
1522:
1514:
1440:
1352:George Remus
1332:Roy Olmstead
1297:Owney Madden
1277:Meyer Lansky
1237:Texas Guinan
1232:Waxey Gordon
1227:Mickey Duffy
1161:Volstead Act
1081:Local option
830:
787:
781:
760:
756:
731:
725:
711: (1967).
697:
693:
688: (1948).
674:
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661:
652:
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615:
610:
605: (1999).
591:
574:
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527:
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488:
469:
450:
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386:
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359:enacted the
354:
337:
330:
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286:
270:
262:Grand Rapids
251:
228:
227:
226:
210:Laws applied
171:
159:
147:
135:
74:
56:
18:
3842:Vehicle law
3555:Attenuation
2931:Checkpoints
2216:requirement
1441:Prohibition
1272:Norman Kerr
1242:Frank Hamer
1141:Teetotalism
1111:Rum-running
1029:Bathtub gin
485: (1914)
466: (1977)
437: (1970)
418: (1886)
254:prohibition
3806:Categories
3637:Civil suit
2534:Plain view
1327:Eliot Ness
1317:Bugs Moran
1116:Rum Patrol
1054:Dry county
1034:Blaine Act
928:Bangladesh
920:By country
497:References
248:Background
1292:Sam Maceo
1222:Al Capone
1131:Speakeasy
1096:Moonshine
1059:Dry state
769:0002-4287
338:Justices
63:Citations
3411:Remedies
3219:Seizures
1487:case law
1076:Jazz Age
972:By topic
829:Text of
588:386, 393
520:132, 144
397:See also
380:evidence
283:Decision
266:Michigan
189:Majority
85:543; 39
3644:Federal
3430:Origins
2214:Warrant
1433:Related
1121:Rum row
943:Iceland
938:Finland
846:Findlaw
804:1138298
748:1115229
631:Carroll
387:Carroll
372:Carroll
361:Carroll
317:Carroll
258:Detroit
252:During
197:Dissent
95:Holding
3784:(1964)
3776:(1963)
3757:(1961)
3749:(1960)
3741:(1952)
3733:(1949)
3687:(1961)
3663:(2022)
3655:(1971)
3625:(1986)
3617:(1976)
3606:review
3593:(2006)
3574:(2016)
3566:(1963)
3547:(1984)
3526:(1988)
3507:(2011)
3499:(2009)
3491:(1984)
3470:(1990)
3449:(1920)
3441:(1914)
3390:(2015)
3382:(2014)
3374:(2007)
3366:(1989)
3358:(1985)
3337:(2015)
3329:(1977)
3310:(2013)
3302:(2005)
3294:(1981)
3275:(2001)
3256:(1983)
3248:(1983)
3240:(1979)
3198:(2008)
3190:(2001)
3182:(1991)
3174:(1983)
3166:(1980)
3158:(1976)
3139:(2012)
3131:(1984)
3123:(1979)
3104:(2015)
3096:(1967)
3088:(1959)
3069:(2006)
3050:(2010)
3042:(2009)
3034:(2002)
3026:(2001)
3018:(1997)
3010:(1995)
3002:(1989)
2994:(1989)
2986:(1987)
2978:(1985)
2959:(2004)
2951:(2000)
2943:(1990)
2922:(2004)
2914:(1985)
2906:(1977)
2898:(1976)
2890:(1975)
2882:(1973)
2861:(1976)
2853:(1973)
2834:(1990)
2815:(2019)
2807:(2016)
2799:(2013)
2791:(2013)
2783:(1973)
2775:(1966)
2756:(2014)
2748:(2009)
2740:(2004)
2732:(1998)
2724:(1981)
2716:(1977)
2708:(1973)
2700:(1969)
2692:(1950)
2684:(1948)
2663:(2018)
2655:(1999)
2647:(1999)
2639:(1991)
2631:(1991)
2623:(1985)
2615:(1982)
2607:(1979)
2599:(1970)
2591:(1925)
2570:(1993)
2562:(1990)
2554:(1987)
2546:(1971)
2525:(2014)
2517:(2006)
2509:(1990)
2501:(1974)
2493:(1973)
2485:(1968)
2466:(2021)
2458:(2021)
2450:(2011)
2442:(2006)
2434:(1986)
2426:(1980)
2418:(1977)
2410:(1967)
2366:(1995)
2345:(1978)
2326:(1971)
2307:(1967)
2299:(1906)
2291:(1886)
2270:(2006)
2262:(2006)
2254:(1987)
2246:(1979)
2238:(1978)
2230:(1948)
2196:(2020)
2188:(2014)
2180:(2014)
2172:(2009)
2164:(2004)
2156:(2002)
2148:(2000)
2140:(2000)
2132:(1996)
2124:(1983)
2116:(1983)
2108:(1981)
2100:(1979)
2092:(1979)
2084:(1979)
2076:(1975)
2068:(1968)
2053:frisks
2027:(2018)
2019:(2013)
2011:(2004)
2003:(2003)
1995:(1996)
1987:(1996)
1979:(1983)
1971:(1969)
1963:(1964)
1955:(1949)
1918:(2018)
1910:(1978)
1891:(2021)
1883:(2007)
1875:(2002)
1867:(1992)
1859:(1991)
1851:(1991)
1843:(1984)
1835:(1983)
1827:(1980)
1819:(1968)
1811:(1906)
1803:(1892)
1780:(2018)
1772:(1979)
1764:(1976)
1756:(1971)
1735:(1989)
1727:(1986)
1719:(1986)
1700:(1987)
1692:(1984)
1684:(1924)
1647:(2013)
1639:(2012)
1631:(2005)
1623:(2001)
1615:(2000)
1607:(1990)
1599:(1989)
1591:(1988)
1583:(1984)
1575:(1983)
1567:(1983)
1559:(1967)
1551:(1961)
1543:(1960)
1535:(1928)
1527:(1927)
1519:(1886)
1195:People
933:Canada
876:
870:
867:
864:Justia
861:
858:
852:
849:
843:
802:
767:
746:
700:,
677:,
618:,
594:,
579:,
562:,
511:,
174:
172:·
170:
162:
160:·
158:
150:
148:·
146:
138:
136:·
134:
87:A.L.R.
83:L. Ed.
3671:State
1420:(USA)
1071:Islam
948:India
837:
800:JSTOR
744:JSTOR
704:
681:
636:Husty
622:
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376:Di Re
2051:and
953:Iran
839:U.S.
765:ISSN
706:U.S.
683:U.S.
624:U.S.
600:U.S.
585:U.S.
568:U.S.
517:U.S.
480:U.S.
461:U.S.
432:U.S.
413:U.S.
342:and
271:The
100:The
76:more
68:U.S.
66:267
835:267
792:doi
736:doi
702:386
686:581
679:332
627:694
620:282
614:In
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571:938
564:518
513:267
483:383
476:232
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366:In
260:to
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794::
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79:)
73:(
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