722:, that reviewed the cases of 2,294 men whose requests for conscientious objector status had been denied by their draft boards. The Board was charged with determining the sincerity of each man's principles, but often devoted only a few minutes to interrogation and rendering a decision. Stone was impatient with men who took advantage of the benefits of life in America – using postage stamps was his example – without accepting the burdens of citizenship. In a majority of cases, the Board's subjects either relinquished their claims or were judged insincere. He later summarized his experience with little sympathy: "The great mass of our citizens subordinated their individual conscience and their opinions to the good of the common cause" while "there was a residue whose peculiar beliefs ... refused to yield to the opinions of others or to force." Nevertheless, he recognized the courage required to persist as a conscientious objector: "The Army was not a bed of roses for the conscientious objector; and the normal man who was not supported in his stand by profound moral conviction might well have chosen active duty at the front as the easier lot."
841:
3122:
865:, the committee gave Stone's nomination a favorable recommendation on January 21, 1925. The nomination was returned by the Senate to committee a few days later, and Stone became the first Supreme Court nominee to testify before the Senate Judiciary Committee hearings on their nomination on January 28, 1925. On February 2, 1925, the committee again gave his nomination a favorable recommendation. Stone was confirmed by the Senate on February 5, 1925, by a vote of 71–6 and received his commission the same day. On March 2, 1925, Stone took the oath as an associate justice administered by Chief Justice
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Stone was the fourth chief justice to have previously served as an
Associate Justice and the second to have served in both positions consecutively. To date, Justice Stone is the only justice to have occupied all nine seniority positions on the bench, having moved from most junior associate justice to
856:
retired from the
Supreme Court, and on January 5, 1925, Coolidge nominated Stone to replace McKenna as an associate justice. His nomination was greeted with general approval, although there were rumors that Stone might have been kicked upstairs because of his antitrust activities. Some Senators
872:
The
Supreme Court of the mid‑1920s was primarily concerned with the relationships of business and government. A majority of the justices led by Taft were staunch defenders of business and capitalism free from most government regulation. The Court utilized the doctrines of
738:. Legal realists rejected formalism and static legal rules; instead, they searched for the experiential and the role of human idiosyncrasy in the development of law. Although Dean Stone encouraged the realists, he was condemned by Columbia President
983:. Stone was Hughes’ personal choice for a successor. After it held a single hearing on Stone's nomination on June 21, 1941, the Senate Judiciary Committee gave his nomination a favorable recommendation on June 23, 1941. Stone was confirmed by a
789:, and forced his resignation. In one of his first acts as Attorney General, Stone fired Daugherty's cronies in the Department of Justice and replaced them with men of integrity. As Attorney General, he was responsible for the appointment of
733:
based on administrative action without allowing for any judicial review of their cases. During this time Stone also defended free speech claims for professors and socialists. Columbia soon became a center of a new school of jurisprudence,
805:
and become far more efficient than any other police organization in the country. A pro‑active
Attorney General, Stone argued many of his department's cases in the federal courts and launched an anti‑trust investigation of the
821:, who had proposed that Congress be empowered to reenact any legislation that had been struck down by the Supreme Court. Stone found this idea threatening to the integrity of the judiciary as well as the separation of powers.
2094:
758:'s interests). In full‑time private practice for only a brief time, Stone was considered a "hard‑working, solid sort of person, willing on occasion to champion the rights of mankind, but safe nevertheless."
881:" to oversee attempts at regulation by the national and state governments. Critics of the Court charged that the judiciary had usurped legislative authority and had embodied a particular economic theory,
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In 1923, disgusted by his conflict with Butler and bored with "all the petty details of law school administration" that he dubbed "administrivia," Stone resigned the deanship and joined the prestigious
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703:. From 1899 to 1902 he lectured on law at Columbia Law School. He was a professor there from 1902 to 1905 and eventually served as the school's dean from 1910 to 1923. He lived in
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Stone's support of the New Deal brought him
Roosevelt's favor, and on June 12, 1941, President Roosevelt nominated Stone to become chief justice, a position vacated by
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raised questions about Stone's connection to Wall Street making him a tool of corporate interests. To quiet those fears, Stone proposed that he answer questions of the
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1238:
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1860:"Brief of Legal Scholars and Historians as Amici Curiae in Support of Petitioner, Salim Ahmed Hamdan, v. Donald H. Rumsfeld, Secretary of Defense, et al., No. 05-184"
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1937:
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Stone was suddenly stricken while in an open session of the
Supreme Court. He had just (or by some accounts not quite) finished reading aloud his dissent in
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where he attended classes from 1888 to 1890 and was later expelled at the end of his second year for a scuffle with an instructor. He later enrolled at
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1964:
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and later, Cardozo when he took Holmes' seat, from the majority's narrow view of the police powers of the state. The "liberal" justices called for
817:
In the 1924 presidential election, Stone campaigned for
Coolidge's re‑election. He especially opposed the left-wing Progressive Party's candidate,
1859:
887:, into its decisions. Despite the fears of progressives, Stone quickly joined the Court's "liberal faction," frequently dissenting with Justices
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754:. He received a much higher salary and headed the firm's litigation department, which had a large corporation and estate practice (including
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as a young man. His most famous dictum was: "Courts are not the only agency of government that must be assumed to have capacity to govern."
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in the Senate on June 27, 1941, and received his commission on July 3, 1941. He remained in this position for the rest of his life.
934: (1941), which upheld challenged provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. Stone also authored the Court's opinion in
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1489:
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each awarded him the same honorary degree in 1925. Amherst would later name Stone Hall in his honor, upon its completion in 1964.
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628:, on October 11, 1872, to Fred Lauson Stone and Ann Sophia (née Butler) Stone. When Stone was two years old, his family moved to
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During the 1932 to 1937 Supreme Court terms, Stone and his colleagues
Justices Brandeis and Cardozo were considered the
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Columbia Law School awards Harlan Fiske Stone
Scholarships to students who demonstrate superior academic performance.
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in person. After holding one closed door hearing, however, on
January 12, 1925, where they heard testimony from
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Galston, Miriam. 1995. "Activism and Restraint: The Evolution of Harlan Fiske Stone's Judicial Philosophy," in
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24:
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695:, initially as a member of the firm Satterlee, Canfield & Stone, and later as a partner in what is now a
1732:"Supreme Court Nominations, 1789 to 2017: Actions by the Senate, the Judiciary Committee, and the President"
3162:
1972:
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awards the Harlan Fiske Stone Prize each fall to winners of the Morris Tyler Moot Court competition.
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1027: (1942). The Court's handling of this case has been the subject of scrutiny and controversy.
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agenda, which many other Supreme Court Justices opposed. For example, he wrote for the court in
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High School. His father wished him to become a scientific farmer, and Stone matriculated at the
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as an intellectual conservative who had let legal education at Columbia fall "into the ruts."
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421:(October 11, 1872 – April 22, 1946) was an American attorney and jurist who served as an
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2004:
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See Murphy, The Legend and Life of William O. Douglas, p. 243 (New York: Random House, 2003)
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In 1925, Coolidge nominated Stone to the Supreme Court to succeed retiring Associate Justice
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Board of Inquiry, with Major Walter Kellogg of the U.S. Army Judge Advocate Corps and Judge
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of any chief justice, and was the first chief justice not to have served in elected office.
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as constitutional. Stone served as Chief Justice until his death in 1946. He had one of the
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in the aftermath of several scandals that occurred during the administration of President
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as "a fraud" on Germans, even though his colleague and successor as associate justice,
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As chief justice, Stone spoke for the Court in upholding the President's power to try
19:"Attorney General Stone" and "Chief Justice Stone" redirect here. For other uses, see
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2176:
Justices and Presidents: A Political History of Appointments to the Supreme Court
2042:
1890:
1781:
1756:
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1442:
1324:
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Frank, John P.; Mason, Alpheus Thomas (1957). "Harlan Fiske Stone: An Estimate".
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The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions
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853:
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516:
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143:
101:
1523:
Uncle Sam Wants You: World War I and the Making of the Modern American Citizen
1087:
Stone died of a cerebral hemorrhage while on the bench reading his dissent in
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801:(FBI), and directed him to remodel the agency so it would resemble Britain's
735:
692:
656:
453:
2118:
1249:
List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Chief Justice)
1030:
Stone also wrote one of the major opinions in establishing the standard for
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2746:
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1731:
1201:
567:
524:
362:
1596:
Rating Game of the Greatest Supreme Court Justices: Polls and Case Studies
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Division and Discord: The Supreme Court under Stone and Vinson, 1941–1953
1643:
Division and Discord: The Supreme Court under Stone and Vinson, 1941‑1953
747:
719:
711:
504:
469:
1680:. Vol. 4, no. 26. December 29, 1924. p. 4. Archived from
1359:
1343:
4336:
4234:
3662:
3071:
2325:
Review of Mason, Alpheus Thomas, Harlan Fiske Stone: Pillar of the Law.
1311:
1076:
1031:
984:
952:
691:, and was admitted to the New York bar in 1898. Stone practiced law in
508:
3487:
1834:
4042:
3518:
2467:
Capitalism and Conflict, Biographies of the Robes, Harlan Fiske Stone
2435:
The Puzzle of Unanimity: Consensus on the United States Supreme Court
1318:"United States v. Butler, 297 U.S. 1, 87 (1936) (dissenting opinion)"
1254:
List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Seat 9)
1159:
awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree in 1924. Columbia and
664:
581:
3161:
2505:
Stone Family Papers, Special Collections, Jones Library, Amherst, MA
1525:(NY: Oxford University Press, 2008), 57, 59–60, 66, 70, 73–4, 76, 82
1303:
869:. He would ultimately be Coolidge's only Supreme Court appointment.
484:
appointed Stone as the Attorney General. Stone sought to reform the
3514:
2329:
1484:
914:
672:
551:(1938) were influential in shaping standards of judicial scrutiny.
536:
1999:
Christensen, George A., "Here Lies the Supreme Court: Revisited,"
1658:"Stone, Harlan Fiske," Current Biography: Who's News and Why, 1941
1079:
called the Court into a brief recess, and physicians were called.
41:
1891:"International Shoe v. State of Washington, 326 U. S. 310 (1945)"
1507:
Harlan Fiske Stone (October 1919). "The Conscientious Objector".
660:
910:-aligned faction. The three were highly supportive of President
848:
during his Supreme Court confirmation process (January 28, 1925)
4624:
United States federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt
2236:
Frank, John P. (1995). Friedman, Leon; Israel, Fred L. (eds.).
2144:"Yale moot court to take on case against U.S. attorney general"
1645:. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press. p. 10.
2273:
The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States
2211:
The Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies, 1789–1995
1782:"United States v. Carolene Products Co., 304 U. S. 144 (1938)"
1244:
List of United States Supreme Court justices by time in office
562:
as Chief Justice, and the Senate quickly confirmed Stone. The
1593:
Theodore M. Vestal. "Harlan Fiske Stone: New Deal Prudence".
1106:
His grave is near those of other justices, including Justice
688:
2433:
Corley, Pamela C.; Steigerwalt, Amy; Ward, Artemus. (2013).
535:
that generally voted to uphold the constitutionality of the
2600:
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
1200:
Stone married Agnes E. Harvey in 1899. Their children were
999:
109:
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
1730:
McMillion, Barry J.; Rutkus, Denis Steven (July 6, 2018).
1239:
List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States
4619:
United States federal judges appointed by Calvin Coolidge
1066:
most senior associate justice and then to chief justice.
433:
from 1941 until his death in 1946. He also served as the
1693:
1691:
1259:
United States Supreme Court cases during the Stone Court
667:. From 1895 to 1896, he was an instructor in history at
600:(1944), ruling the exclusion of Japanese Americans into
1967:
Here Lies the Supreme Court: Gravesites of the Justices
1034:
courts to have personal jurisdiction over litigants in
1234:
Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States
725:
At the end of the war, he criticized Attorney General
476:'s Board of Inquiry, which evaluated the sincerity of
2401:
The Supreme Court Justices: A Biographical Dictionary
2338:
1688:
1436:
Supreme Court Justices Who Are Phi Beta Kappa Members
1151:
degree from Amherst College in 1900, and an honorary
1337:
1335:
1333:
1215:
810:, controlled by the family of fellow cabinet member
16:
Chief justice of the United States from 1941 to 1946
2674:
1628:, Volume 20, ed. John A. Garraty and Mark C. Carnes
994:
Harlan F. Stone commemorative stamp, issued in 1948
4574:Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States
2173:
1737:. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service
1506:
4463:Also served as Chief Justice of the United States
2498:The Stone Court, 1941–1945, History of the Court,
1640:
1630:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 850.
1621:
1330:
1129:Atlanta & Charlotte Air Line Railroad Company
4490:
2345:All the Laws but One: Civil Liberties in Wartime
2334:Official Supreme Court media, Harlan Fiske Stone
2199:Attorney General biographies, Harlan Fiske Stone
2003:, Volume 33 Issue 1, Pages 17–41 (19 Feb 2008),
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
797:Bureau of Investigation, which later became the
2020:(1st ed.). The Viking Press. p. 806.
1729:
1959:
1957:
1757:"United States v. Darby, 312 U. S. 100 (1941)"
1592:
1121:
523:and deference to the legislative will. On the
4629:Members of the American Philosophical Society
3473:
3147:
2660:
2136:
1716:
1655:
651:From 1894 to 1895, he was the sub master of
507:confirmation with little opposition. On the
1954:
1599:. Oklahoma State University. Archived from
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4539:University of Massachusetts Amherst alumni
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40:
4579:Deans of law schools in the United States
4534:Massachusetts Agricultural College alumni
2292:Chief Justice Stone and the Supreme Court
2040:
1091:(1946) on April 22, 1946, in open court.
831:Harlan F. Stone Supreme Court nominations
1490:Biographical Directory of Federal Judges
1407:
1405:
1354:(6). American Bar Association: 322–324.
989:
899:, or deference to the legislative will.
839:
814:, Coolidge's Secretary of the Treasury.
615:
558:nominated Stone to succeed the retiring
4604:People from Chesterfield, New Hampshire
4564:Coolidge administration cabinet members
2397:
2208:
2171:
2074:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
1799:
1537:
1062:, served as the chief U.S. prosecutor.
714:, Stone served for several months on a
590:(1945) was influential with regards to
429:from 1925 to 1941 and then as the 12th
21:Attorney General Stone (disambiguation)
4491:
3811:
1054:As chief justice, Stone described the
937:United States v. Carolene Products Co.
548:United States v. Carolene Products Co.
176:April 7, 1924 – March 1, 1925
67:July 3, 1941 – April 22, 1946
3810:
3500:
3461:
3135:
2648:
2302:Harlan Fiske Stone: Pillar of the Law
2235:
2111:
2044:The Literary Society in Peace and War
2018:Harlan Fiske Stone: Pillar of the Law
2015:
1916:Harlan Fiske Stone: Pillar of the Law
1835:"Ex Parte Quirin, 317 U. S. 1 (1942)"
1660:. New York: H.W. Wilson. p. 836.
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1402:
1168:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
906:of the Supreme Court, its liberal or
824:
707:, an apartment building near campus.
121:March 2, 1925 – July 3, 1941
2269:
1458:
1037:International Shoe Co. v. Washington
852:Shortly after the election, Justice
835:
632:where he grew up. He graduated from
587:International Shoe Co. v. Washington
4554:Chief justices of the United States
2203:United States Department of Justice
1134:Association of American Law Schools
955:," may have provided a roadmap for
951: (1938), which, in its famous "
766:On April 1, 1924, he was appointed
761:
566:presided over several cases during
13:
4599:People from Amherst, Massachusetts
4471:
3791:
3501:
3490:Supreme Court of the United States
2627:Chief Justice of the United States
2385:University of South Carolina Press
1471:
1396:Chesterfield NH Historical Society
1374:"Frederick L. Stone Family Papers"
638:Massachusetts Agricultural College
570:, and Stone's majority opinion in
527:, Stone and Justices Brandeis and
496:cases against large corporations.
437:from 1924 to 1925 under President
431:chief justice of the United States
376:Massachusetts Agricultural College
55:Chief Justice of the United States
14:
4640:
4514:20th-century American politicians
2449:
2119:"Academic Recognition and Prizes"
1264:Justice Harlan Fiske Stone Bridge
920:United States v. Darby Lumber Co.
594:. Stone was the chief justice in
542:United States v. Darby Lumber Co.
531:formed a liberal bloc called the
4609:Sullivan & Cromwell partners
3202:
3120:
2500:Supreme Court Historical Society
2483:Supreme Court Historical Society
2215:Supreme Court Historical Society
2001:Journal of Supreme Court History
1985:Supreme Court Historical Society
1465:The First Amendment Encyclopedia
1348:American Bar Association Journal
1218:
1184:
968:
781:. These scandals had besmirched
404:
4614:United States attorneys general
2676:United States Attorneys General
2369:Union, N.J.: Lawbook Exchange.
2290:Konefsky, Samuel Joseph. 1945.
2276:. NY: Oxford University Press.
2150:from the original on 2020-08-09
2125:from the original on 2013-07-10
2087:
2062:
2051:from the original on 2020-08-03
2034:
2009:
1993:
1965:"Christensen, George A. (1983)
1930:
1921:
1908:
1897:from the original on 2011-11-11
1883:
1872:from the original on 2014-04-04
1852:
1841:from the original on 2010-02-18
1827:
1816:from the original on 2010-04-15
1788:from the original on 2011-11-13
1774:
1763:from the original on 2011-10-26
1749:
1705:from the original on 2018-09-24
1664:
1649:
1634:
1615:
1528:
1515:
1392:"Chief Justice Harlan F. Stone"
799:Federal Bureau of Investigation
687:from 1895 to 1898, received an
678:
580:over the trial of eight German
340:
4549:Burials at Rock Creek Cemetery
2573:United States Attorney General
2146:. YaleNews. December 3, 2010.
2016:Mason, Alpheus Thomas (1956).
1500:
1452:
1429:
1384:
1366:
1281:
1172:American Philosophical Society
1147:Stone was awarded an honorary
1142:Literary Society of Washington
877:and the fundamental right of "
768:United States Attorney General
611:
164:United States Attorney General
25:Justice Stone (disambiguation)
1:
2437:. Stanford University Press.
2270:Hall, Kermit L., ed. (1992).
2041:Spaulding, Thomas M. (1947).
1509:Columbia University Quarterly
1269:
1155:degree from Amherst in 1913.
576:upheld the jurisdiction of a
511:, Stone joined with Justices
4594:New York (state) Republicans
4569:Deans of Columbia Law School
4509:20th-century American judges
1342:Burlingham, Charles (1946).
1126:Stone was a director of the
844:Stone testifying before the
659:, from which he also taught
441:, with whom he had attended
7:
2471:Public Broadcasting Service
2398:Urofsky, Melvin I. (1994).
2365:Stone, Harlan Fiske. 2001.
2294:(Reprint, 1971. NY: Hafner)
1626:American National Biography
1413:"Harlan Fiske Stone Papers"
1211:
1122:Other activities and legacy
808:Aluminum Company of America
626:Chesterfield, New Hampshire
539:. His majority opinions in
462:Dean of Columbia Law School
284:Chesterfield, New Hampshire
217:Dean of Columbia Law School
10:
4645:
4559:Columbia Law School alumni
4519:Adelphi University faculty
3200:
2367:Law and Its Administration
2172:Abraham, Henry J. (1992).
1918:, NY: Viking, 1956, p. 716
1810:"Justices 1789 to Present"
1641:Melvin I. Urofsky (1997).
1624:"Stone, Harlan Fiske," in
1622:Melvin I. Urofsky (1999).
972:
859:Senate Judiciary Committee
846:Senate Judiciary Committee
828:
597:Korematsu v. United States
584:. His majority opinion in
492:. He also pursued several
486:U.S. Department of Justice
240:George Washington Kirchwey
18:
4584:New Hampshire Republicans
4469:
3819:
3806:
3789:
3509:
3496:
3436:
3411:
3380:
3357:Secretary of the Interior
3355:
3330:
3311:
3280:
3255:
3238:Secretary of the Treasury
3236:
3211:
3177:
3118:
2682:
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2624:
2616:
2606:
2597:
2589:
2579:
2570:
2562:
2557:
2547:
2537:
2529:
2524:
1166:Stone was elected to the
1089:Girouard v. United States
1072:Girouard v. United States
770:by his Amherst classmate
513:Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
452:, Stone practiced law in
412:
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4589:New York (state) lawyers
3382:Secretary of Agriculture
2350:William Morrow & Co.
1138:American Bar Association
1082:
4529:American legal scholars
2219:Congressional Quarterly
2209:Cushman, Clare (2001).
2182:Oxford University Press
2121:. Columbia Law School.
1938:"Harlan F. Stone Issue"
1521:Christopher Capozzola,
1495:Federal Judicial Center
1493:, a publication of the
875:substantive due process
795:Department of Justice's
752:Sullivan & Cromwell
701:Sullivan & Cromwell
653:Newburyport High School
478:conscientious objectors
466:Sullivan & Cromwell
4544:Amherst College alumni
4524:American Episcopalians
4476:
3796:
3402:William Marion Jardine
3390:Henry Cantwell Wallace
1449:, accessed Oct 4, 2009
1447:Phi Beta Kappa website
1204:and the mathematician
1140:, and a member of the
1002:saboteurs captured on
995:
849:
779:Harding administration
740:Nicholas Murray Butler
621:
578:U.S. military tribunal
474:U.S. Department of War
456:after graduating from
4475:
3795:
3643:Edward Douglass White
3413:Secretary of Commerce
3332:Secretary of the Navy
2340:Rehnquist, William H.
2298:Mason, Alpheus Thomas
2005:University of Alabama
1656:Maxine Block (1941).
1116:Stephen Johnson Field
993:
973:Further information:
863:Willard Saulsbury Jr.
843:
819:Robert M. La Follette
785:'s Attorney General,
630:Western Massachusetts
619:
592:personal jurisdiction
556:Franklin D. Roosevelt
480:. In 1924, President
450:Western Massachusetts
435:U.S. Attorney General
78:Franklin D. Roosevelt
3675:Charles Evans Hughes
3221:Charles Evans Hughes
2379:Urofsky, Melvin I.,
2180:(3rd ed.). NY:
2099:search.amphilsoc.org
2095:"APS Member History"
2070:"Harlan Fiske Stone"
1975:on September 3, 2005
1603:on December 14, 2012
1461:"Harlan Fiske Stone"
1344:"Harlan Fiske Stone"
1112:John Marshall Harlan
981:Charles Evans Hughes
975:Stone Court (judges)
729:for his attempts to
560:Charles Evans Hughes
252:Young Berryman Smith
90:Charles Evans Hughes
3659:William Howard Taft
2541:Columbia Law School
1942:postalmuseum.si.edu
1914:Mason, Alpheus T.,
1291:Stanford Law Review
1132:, president of the
1108:Willis Van Devanter
1096:Rock Creek Cemetery
1094:Stone is buried at
962:Lochner v. New York
879:liberty of contract
867:William Howard Taft
685:Columbia Law School
644:where he graduated
620:Birthplace of Stone
554:In 1941, President
529:Benjamin N. Cardozo
472:, he served on the
464:and a partner with
458:Columbia Law School
390:Columbia University
312:Rock Creek Cemetery
4477:
3813:Associate justices
3797:
3438:Secretary of Labor
3427:William F. Whiting
3313:Postmaster General
3290:Harry M. Daugherty
3213:Secretary of State
2490:Harlan Fiske Stone
2488:Nash, A. E. Kier,
2478:Harlan Fiske Stone
2458:Harlan Fiske Stone
2406:Garland Publishing
2371:Available free at
1485:Harlan Fiske Stone
1441:2011-09-28 at the
1323:2013-07-16 at the
1136:, a member of the
1008:military tribunals
996:
897:judicial restraint
850:
825:U.S. Supreme Court
787:Harry M. Daugherty
727:A. Mitchell Palmer
624:Stone was born in
622:
521:judicial restraint
427:U.S. Supreme Court
419:Harlan Fiske Stone
271:Harlan Fiske Stone
197:Harry M. Daugherty
4486:
4485:
4482:
4481:
3802:
3801:
3755:William Rehnquist
3455:
3454:
3396:Howard Mason Gore
3129:
3128:
2643:
2642:
2634:Succeeded by
2607:Succeeded by
2580:Succeeded by
2548:Succeeded by
2525:Academic offices
2456:Ariens, Michael,
2443:978-0-8047-8472-6
2376:
2322:978-0-670-36997-3
2263:Tulane Law Review
2213:(2nd ed.). (
2076:. 9 February 2023
2027:978-1-299-95495-3
1459:Belpedio, James.
1206:Marshall H. Stone
1195:Purdue University
1060:Robert H. Jackson
836:Associate Justice
490:Warren G. Harding
423:associate justice
416:
415:
156:Robert H. Jackson
4636:
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4157:
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3829:
3808:
3807:
3739:Warren E. Burger
3547:Oliver Ellsworth
3498:
3497:
3488:Justices of the
3482:
3475:
3468:
3459:
3458:
3346:Curtis D. Wilbur
3282:Attorney General
3257:Secretary of War
3227:Frank B. Kellogg
3206:
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3193:Charles G. Dawes
3156:
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2617:Preceded by
2590:Preceded by
2563:Preceded by
2530:Preceded by
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1989:Internet Archive
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1685:
1684:on May 15, 2009.
1672:"Another Hoover"
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1285:
1228:
1226:Biography portal
1223:
1222:
1221:
1189:His brother was
1170:in 1933 and the
1104:Washington, D.C.
1102:neighborhood of
904:Three Musketeers
762:Attorney general
602:internment camps
533:Three Musketeers
503:, and Stone won
460:. He became the
408:
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301:Washington, D.C.
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281:October 11, 1872
280:
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262:Personal details
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4301:J. M. Harlan II
4214:
4152:
4108:
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3787:
3786:
3691:Harlan F. Stone
3627:Melville Fuller
3595:Salmon P. Chase
3505:
3492:
3486:
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3451:
3432:
3407:
3376:
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3307:
3302:John G. Sargent
3296:Harlan F. Stone
3276:
3271:Dwight F. Davis
3251:
3232:
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3203:
3198:
3173:
3170:Calvin Coolidge
3160:
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2603:
2595:
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2576:
2568:
2566:Harry Daugherty
2553:
2544:
2535:
2533:George Kirchwey
2452:
2428:Further reading
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1325:Wayback Machine
1304:10.2307/1226615
1286:
1282:
1272:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1202:Lauson H. Stone
1193:, president of
1187:
1179:Yale Law School
1124:
1085:
1056:Nuremberg court
1013:Ex parte Quirin
977:
971:
957:tiered scrutiny
838:
833:
827:
793:as head of the
791:J. Edgar Hoover
775:Calvin Coolidge
764:
756:J.P. Morgan Jr.
683:Stone attended
681:
669:Adelphi Academy
642:Amherst College
614:
573:Ex parte Quirin
519:in calling for
482:Calvin Coolidge
443:Amherst College
439:Calvin Coolidge
388:
381:Amherst College
379:
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343: 1899)
338:
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318:Political party
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209:John G. Sargent
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4456:
4455:(2022–present)
4450:
4449:(2020–present)
4444:
4443:(2018–present)
4438:
4437:(2017–present)
4432:
4431:(2010–present)
4426:
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3579:Roger B. Taney
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3503:Chief justices
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3446:James J. Davis
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2233:
2227:
2206:
2196:
2190:
2161:
2160:
2135:
2110:
2086:
2061:
2047:. p. 35.
2033:
2026:
2008:
1992:
1953:
1929:
1920:
1907:
1882:
1851:
1826:
1798:
1773:
1748:
1715:
1687:
1663:
1648:
1633:
1614:
1536:
1534:Capozzola, 203
1527:
1514:
1499:
1470:
1451:
1428:
1401:
1383:
1365:
1329:
1298:(3): 621–632.
1279:
1278:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1213:
1210:
1191:Winthrop Stone
1186:
1183:
1153:Doctor of Laws
1149:Master of Arts
1144:for 11 years.
1123:
1120:
1114:, and Justice
1084:
1081:
970:
967:
854:Joseph McKenna
837:
834:
826:
823:
763:
760:
716:War Department
680:
677:
646:Phi Beta Kappa
613:
610:
606:shortest terms
517:Louis Brandeis
501:Joseph McKenna
414:
413:
410:
409:
402:
398:
397:
373:
369:
368:
366:
365:
360:
354:
352:
348:
347:
336:
332:
331:
329:
325:
324:
319:
315:
314:
309:
305:
304:
298:(aged 73)
294:April 22, 1946
292:
288:
287:
270:
268:
264:
263:
259:
258:
255:
254:
249:
243:
242:
237:
231:
230:
220:
219:
212:
211:
206:
200:
199:
194:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
167:
166:
159:
158:
153:
147:
146:
144:Joseph McKenna
141:
135:
134:
129:
123:
122:
112:
111:
105:
104:
102:Fred M. Vinson
99:
93:
92:
87:
81:
80:
75:
69:
68:
58:
57:
50:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4641:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4474:
4464:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4406:
4403:
4400:
4397:
4394:
4391:
4388:
4385:
4382:
4379:
4376:
4373:
4370:
4367:
4364:* (1972–1986)
4363:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4344:
4341:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4323:
4320:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4275:
4272:
4269:
4266:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4218:* (1925–1941)
4217:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4192:
4189:
4186:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4156:* (1910–1916)
4155:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4139:
4136:
4133:
4130:
4127:
4124:
4121:
4118:
4115:
4112:* (1894–1910)
4111:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4044:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4029:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4002:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3981:
3978:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3828:* (1790–1791)
3827:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3809:
3805:
3794:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3612:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3564:
3563:John Marshall
3561:
3558:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3532:
3531:John Rutledge
3529:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3483:
3478:
3476:
3471:
3469:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3372:
3371:Roy Owen West
3369:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3265:John W. Weeks
3263:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3247:
3246:Andrew Mellon
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3157:
3152:
3150:
3145:
3143:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3123:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2670:
2665:
2663:
2658:
2656:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2638:
2629:
2628:
2621:
2615:
2611:
2602:
2601:
2594:
2588:
2584:
2575:
2574:
2567:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2543:
2542:
2534:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2493:
2492:, answers.com
2491:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2454:
2453:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2421:
2419:0-8153-1176-1
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2396:
2394:
2393:1-57003-120-7
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2358:0-688-05142-1
2354:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2314:0-670-36997-7
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2283:0-19-505835-6
2279:
2275:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2253:0-7910-1377-4
2249:
2245:
2244:Chelsea House
2241:
2240:
2234:
2230:
2228:1-56802-126-7
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2191:0-19-506557-3
2187:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2037:
2029:
2023:
2019:
2012:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1974:
1970:
1968:
1960:
1958:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1924:
1917:
1911:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1868:
1861:
1855:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1803:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1733:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1692:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1667:
1659:
1652:
1644:
1637:
1629:
1625:
1618:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1531:
1524:
1518:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1466:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1432:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1379:
1378:Jones Library
1375:
1369:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1216:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1185:Personal life
1182:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1067:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1051: (1945).
1050:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1001:
992:
988:
986:
982:
976:
969:Chief Justice
966:
964:
963:
958:
954:
950:
947:
943:
939:
938:
933:
930:
926:
922:
921:
916:
913:
909:
905:
900:
898:
894:
890:
886:
885:
884:laissez faire
880:
876:
870:
868:
864:
860:
855:
847:
842:
832:
822:
820:
815:
813:
812:Andrew Mellon
809:
804:
803:Scotland Yard
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
773:
769:
759:
757:
753:
749:
743:
741:
737:
736:legal realism
732:
731:deport aliens
728:
723:
721:
717:
713:
708:
706:
705:the Colosseum
702:
698:
694:
693:New York City
690:
686:
676:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
657:Massachusetts
654:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
618:
609:
607:
603:
599:
598:
593:
589:
588:
583:
579:
575:
574:
569:
565:
561:
557:
552:
550:
549:
544:
543:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
454:New York City
451:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
382:
377:
374:
370:
364:
361:
359:
356:
355:
353:
349:
330:
326:
323:
320:
316:
313:
310:
308:Resting place
306:
302:
293:
289:
285:
269:
265:
260:
256:
253:
250:
244:
241:
238:
232:
226:
221:
218:
213:
210:
207:
201:
198:
195:
189:
186:
183:
179:
173:
168:
165:
160:
157:
154:
148:
145:
142:
136:
133:
130:
124:
118:
113:
110:
106:
103:
100:
94:
91:
88:
82:
79:
76:
70:
64:
59:
56:
51:
47:
43:
38:
31:
26:
22:
4462:
4215:
4161:Van Devanter
4049:J. M. Harlan
3778:
3775:2005–present
3771:John Roberts
3762:
3746:
3730:
3714:
3698:
3690:
3682:
3666:
3650:
3634:
3618:
3602:
3586:
3570:
3554:
3538:
3522:
3321:Harry S. New
3295:
3186:
2941:
2707:Breckinridge
2625:
2598:
2583:John Sargent
2571:
2551:Huger Jervey
2538:
2513:
2497:
2489:
2477:
2466:
2457:
2434:
2427:
2426:
2400:
2380:
2366:
2344:
2330:Oyez project
2306:Viking Press
2301:
2291:
2272:
2261:
2246:Publishers.
2238:
2210:
2175:
2166:Bibliography
2165:
2164:
2152:. Retrieved
2138:
2127:. Retrieved
2113:
2102:. Retrieved
2098:
2089:
2078:. Retrieved
2073:
2064:
2053:. Retrieved
2043:
2036:
2017:
2011:
2000:
1995:
1977:. Retrieved
1973:the original
1966:
1945:. Retrieved
1941:
1932:
1923:
1915:
1910:
1899:. Retrieved
1885:
1874:. Retrieved
1854:
1843:. Retrieved
1829:
1818:. Retrieved
1790:. Retrieved
1776:
1765:. Retrieved
1751:
1739:. Retrieved
1707:. Retrieved
1699:"June, 1941"
1682:the original
1675:
1666:
1657:
1651:
1642:
1636:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1605:. Retrieved
1601:the original
1595:
1530:
1522:
1517:
1508:
1502:
1488:
1464:
1454:
1446:
1431:
1419:. Retrieved
1395:
1386:
1377:
1368:
1351:
1347:
1316:Frank cites
1295:
1289:
1283:
1274:
1273:
1199:
1188:
1176:
1165:
1146:
1128:
1125:
1093:
1086:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1053:
1035:
1029:
1011:
997:
978:
960:
959:in the post-
935:
918:
901:
882:
871:
851:
816:
765:
744:
724:
709:
682:
679:Legal career
650:
623:
595:
585:
571:
568:World War II
553:
546:
540:
525:Hughes Court
498:
447:
418:
417:
333:Agnes Harvey
296:(1946-04-22)
247:Succeeded by
224:
204:Succeeded by
171:
151:Succeeded by
127:Nominated by
116:
97:Succeeded by
73:Nominated by
62:
4504:1946 deaths
4499:1872 births
4413:(1994–2022)
4407:(1993–2020)
4395:(1990–2009)
4389:(1988–2018)
4383:(1986–2016)
4377:(1981–2006)
4371:(1975–2010)
4357:(1972–1987)
4351:(1970–1994)
4345:(1967–1991)
4343:T. Marshall
4339:(1965–1969)
4333:(1962–1965)
4327:(1962–1993)
4321:(1958–1981)
4315:(1957–1962)
4309:(1956–1990)
4303:(1955–1971)
4297:(1949–1956)
4291:(1949–1967)
4285:(1945–1958)
4279:(1943–1949)
4277:W. Rutledge
4273:(1941–1954)
4267:(1941–1942)
4261:(1940–1949)
4255:(1939–1975)
4249:(1939–1962)
4247:Frankfurter
4243:(1938–1957)
4237:(1937–1971)
4231:(1932–1938)
4225:(1930–1945)
4211:(1923–1930)
4205:(1923–1939)
4199:(1922–1938)
4193:(1916–1922)
4187:(1916–1939)
4181:(1914–1941)
4175:(1912–1922)
4169:(1911–1916)
4163:(1911–1937)
4149:(1910–1914)
4143:(1906–1910)
4137:(1903–1922)
4131:(1902–1932)
4125:(1898–1925)
4119:(1896–1909)
4105:(1893–1895)
4099:(1892–1903)
4093:(1891–1906)
4087:(1890–1910)
4081:(1888–1893)
4075:(1882–1893)
4069:(1882–1902)
4063:(1881–1889)
4057:(1881–1887)
4051:(1877–1911)
4045:(1873–1882)
4039:(1870–1892)
4033:(1870–1880)
4027:(1863–1897)
4021:(1862–1877)
4015:(1862–1890)
4009:(1862–1881)
4003:(1858–1881)
3997:(1853–1861)
3991:(1851–1857)
3985:(1846–1870)
3979:(1845–1851)
3973:(1845–1872)
3967:(1842–1860)
3961:(1838–1852)
3955:(1837–1865)
3949:(1836–1841)
3943:(1835–1867)
3937:(1830–1844)
3931:(1829–1861)
3925:(1826–1828)
3919:(1823–1843)
3913:(1812–1845)
3907:(1811–1835)
3901:(1807–1826)
3895:(1807–1823)
3889:(1804–1834)
3883:(1800–1804)
3877:(1798–1829)
3871:(1796–1811)
3865:(1793–1806)
3859:(1792–1793)
3853:(1790–1799)
3847:(1790–1795)
3841:(1789–1798)
3835:(1790–1810)
3826:J. Rutledge
3723:Earl Warren
3448:(1923–1929)
3429:(1928–1929)
3423:(1923–1928)
3404:(1925–1929)
3398:(1924–1925)
3392:(1923–1924)
3373:(1928–1929)
3367:(1923–1928)
3365:Hubert Work
3348:(1924–1929)
3342:(1923–1924)
3340:Edwin Denby
3323:(1923–1929)
3304:(1925–1929)
3298:(1924–1925)
3292:(1923–1924)
3273:(1925–1929)
3267:(1923–1925)
3248:(1923–1929)
3229:(1925–1929)
3223:(1923–1925)
3195:(1925–1929)
3189:(1923–1925)
3172:(1923–1929)
3022:Kleindienst
2977:T. C. Clark
2637:Fred Vinson
2510:Cover image
2465:Fox, John,
2408:. pp.
2373:archive.org
1969:, Yearbook"
912:Roosevelt's
748:Wall Street
720:Julian Mack
712:World War I
612:Early years
564:Stone Court
545:(1941) and
505:U.S. Senate
470:World War I
235:Preceded by
192:Preceded by
139:Preceded by
85:Preceded by
4493:Categories
4453:K. Jackson
4271:R. Jackson
4223:O. Roberts
4197:Sutherland
4179:McReynolds
4103:H. Jackson
4073:Blatchford
3893:Livingston
3887:W. Johnson
3875:Washington
3857:T. Johnson
3112:M. Garland
3062:Thornburgh
3027:Richardson
3007:Katzenbach
2922:McReynolds
2917:Wickersham
2872:A. Garland
2847:Pierrepont
2792:Crittenden
2757:Crittenden
2631:1941–1946
2604:1925–1941
2577:1924–1925
2545:1910–1923
2304:New York,
2154:2013-06-29
2129:2013-06-29
2104:2023-05-10
2080:2023-05-10
2055:2020-05-06
1979:2010-04-26
1947:2024-04-03
1901:2010-02-17
1876:2017-06-27
1845:2010-02-17
1820:2017-01-24
1792:2010-02-17
1767:2010-02-17
1709:2017-01-24
1270:References
1110:, Justice
1077:Hugo Black
1075:. Justice
985:voice vote
953:Footnote 4
908:Democratic
829:See also:
699:law firm,
697:white-shoe
509:Taft Court
448:Raised in
378:(expelled)
322:Republican
277:1872-10-11
4441:Kavanaugh
4423:Sotomayor
4362:Rehnquist
4313:Whittaker
3759:1986–2005
3743:1969–1986
3727:1953–1969
3711:1946–1953
3695:1941–1946
3679:1930–1941
3663:1921–1930
3647:1910–1921
3631:1888–1910
3615:1874–1888
3599:1864–1873
3583:1836–1864
3567:1801–1835
3551:1796–1800
3519:1789–1795
3167:President
3047:Civiletti
2987:McGranery
2937:Daugherty
2912:Bonaparte
1174:in 1939.
772:President
665:chemistry
648:in 1894.
582:saboteurs
494:antitrust
468:. During
401:Signature
372:Education
229:1910–1923
225:In office
181:President
172:In office
117:In office
63:In office
4405:Ginsburg
4375:O'Connor
4349:Blackmun
4331:Goldberg
4325:B. White
4185:Brandeis
4167:J. Lamar
4110:E. White
4079:L. Lamar
4061:Matthews
4001:Clifford
3995:Campbell
3977:Woodbury
3959:McKinley
3917:Thompson
3869:S. Chase
3863:Paterson
3515:John Jay
3102:Sessions
3082:Gonzales
3077:Ashcroft
3012:R. Clark
2992:Brownell
2957:Cummings
2867:Brewster
2862:MacVeagh
2842:Williams
2822:Stanbery
2777:Clifford
2692:Bradford
2687:Randolph
2539:Dean of
2518:magazine
2387:, 1997)
2342:(1998).
2308:, 1956.
2221:Books).
2148:Archived
2123:Archived
2049:Archived
1895:Archived
1867:Archived
1839:Archived
1814:Archived
1786:Archived
1761:Archived
1741:March 9,
1703:Archived
1607:July 26,
1439:Archived
1421:March 9,
1360:25715606
1321:Archived
1212:See also
1161:Williams
1100:Petworth
1006:soil by
1004:American
915:New Deal
893:Brandeis
750:firm of
673:Brooklyn
537:New Deal
358:Marshall
351:Children
4447:Barrett
4435:Gorsuch
4387:Kennedy
4369:Stevens
4319:Stewart
4307:Brennan
4253:Douglas
4229:Cardozo
4209:Sanford
4123:McKenna
4117:Peckham
4037:Bradley
3947:Barbour
3935:Baldwin
3923:Trimble
3851:Iredell
3833:Cushing
3163:Cabinet
3087:Mukasey
3002:Kennedy
2982:McGrath
2967:Jackson
2947:Sargent
2927:Gregory
2892:McKenna
2837:Akerman
2807:Stanton
2797:Cushing
2787:Johnson
2732:Berrien
2717:Pinkney
2702:Lincoln
1487:at the
1312:1226615
1098:in the
783:Harding
710:During
661:physics
634:Amherst
425:of the
345:
337:
4411:Breyer
4399:Thomas
4393:Souter
4381:Scalia
4355:Powell
4337:Fortas
4295:Minton
4283:Burton
4265:Byrnes
4259:Murphy
4203:Butler
4191:Clarke
4173:Pitney
4154:Hughes
4147:Lurton
4129:Holmes
4097:Shiras
4085:Brewer
4031:Strong
4013:Miller
4007:Swayne
3989:Curtis
3971:Nelson
3965:Daniel
3953:Catron
3929:McLean
3905:Duvall
3839:Wilson
3092:Holder
2997:Rogers
2972:Biddle
2962:Murphy
2932:Palmer
2897:Griggs
2887:Harmon
2877:Miller
2857:Devens
2827:Evarts
2782:Toucey
2767:Nelson
2762:Legaré
2752:Gilpin
2747:Grundy
2742:Butler
2712:Rodney
2441:
2416:
2404:. NY:
2391:
2355:
2348:. NY:
2320:
2312:
2280:
2250:
2225:
2188:
2024:
1358:
1310:
889:Holmes
363:Lauson
328:Spouse
303:, U.S.
286:, U.S.
4429:Kagan
4417:Alito
4289:Clark
4235:Black
4216:Stone
4141:Moody
4091:Brown
4055:Woods
4025:Field
4019:Davis
3983:Grier
3941:Wayne
3911:Story
3881:Moore
3845:Blair
3780:cases
3764:cases
3748:cases
3732:cases
3716:cases
3700:cases
3684:cases
3668:cases
3652:cases
3636:cases
3620:cases
3604:cases
3588:cases
3572:cases
3556:cases
3540:cases
3524:cases
3097:Lynch
3057:Meese
3052:Smith
3032:Saxbe
2942:Stone
2907:Moody
2882:Olney
2817:Speed
2812:Bates
2802:Black
2772:Mason
2737:Taney
1870:(PDF)
1863:(PDF)
1735:(PDF)
1416:(PDF)
1356:JSTOR
1308:JSTOR
1275:Notes
1083:Death
1044:
1032:state
1020:
965:era.
944:
927:
689:LL.B.
339:(
335:
162:52nd
53:12th
4241:Reed
4067:Gray
4043:Hunt
3899:Todd
3535:1795
3187:None
3107:Barr
3072:Reno
3067:Barr
3042:Bell
3037:Levi
2902:Knox
2852:Taft
2832:Hoar
2727:Wirt
2722:Rush
2515:Time
2439:ISBN
2414:ISBN
2389:ISBN
2353:ISBN
2318:ISBN
2310:ISBN
2278:ISBN
2248:ISBN
2223:ISBN
2186:ISBN
2022:ISBN
1743:2022
1677:Time
1609:2012
1423:2023
1157:Yale
1046:U.S.
1022:U.S.
1000:Nazi
946:U.S.
929:U.S.
891:and
663:and
515:and
291:Died
267:Born
215:4th
23:and
4135:Day
3165:of
2697:Lee
2512:on
2410:590
1987:at
1300:doi
1049:310
1042:326
1018:317
1010:in
949:144
942:304
932:100
925:312
671:in
655:in
394:LLB
4495::
3777:,
3761:,
3745:,
3729:,
3713:,
3697:,
3681:,
3665:,
3649:,
3633:,
3617:,
3601:,
3585:,
3569:,
3553:,
3537:,
3521:,
2481:,
2412:.
2332:,
2316:;
2300:,
2242:.
2217:,
2201:,
2184:.
2097:.
2072:.
1956:^
1940:.
1893:.
1865:.
1837:.
1812:.
1801:^
1784:.
1759:.
1718:^
1701:.
1690:^
1674:.
1539:^
1473:^
1463:.
1445:,
1404:^
1394:.
1376:.
1352:32
1350:.
1346:.
1332:^
1306:.
1294:.
1208:.
1197:.
1118:.
1040:,
1016:,
940:,
923:,
675:.
385:BS
341:m.
4461:*
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3773:(
3767:)
3757:(
3751:)
3741:(
3735:)
3725:(
3719:)
3709:(
3703:)
3693:(
3687:)
3677:(
3671:)
3661:(
3655:)
3645:(
3639:)
3629:(
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3613:(
3607:)
3597:(
3591:)
3581:(
3575:)
3565:(
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3549:(
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3533:(
3527:)
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3474:t
3467:v
3155:e
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3141:v
2668:e
2661:t
2654:v
2473:.
2460:.
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2422:.
2383:(
2375:.
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2286:.
2256:.
2231:.
2205:.
2194:.
2157:.
2132:.
2107:.
2083:.
2058:.
2030:.
1982:.
1950:.
1904:.
1879:.
1848:.
1823:.
1795:.
1770:.
1745:.
1712:.
1611:.
1511:.
1497:.
1467:.
1425:.
1398:.
1380:.
1362:.
1327:.
1314:.
1302::
1296:9
1025:1
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383:(
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275:(
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