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contribution, the work toll and the loss of opportunity and the physical and mental burnout is also substantial. Sometimes to provide for sick individuals proves to be both a huge physical and mental strain. In the case of professional caregivers, it has been well researched and documented in last few decades that this mental strain is much higher than those providing care for family members. Care provided for family members - especially partners who are intellectually disabled or have non-physical disorders, the degree of mental strain are high to the point of the caregivers themselves at risk of being psychologically damaged due to the high demanding situations both of physical toll complicated with non-professional work environment (lack of institutional care-giving equipment – both in terms of work-safety equipment and care providing equipment), safety concerns and behavioral issue .
642:
can motivate patients to perform adequate self-care and increase adherence to their treatment plan. The environment surrounding a patient and disease has proved to be an important factor in improving clinical outcomes. Specifically, family-focused caregivers providing supportive interventions can help to improve the self-care behaviors of patients with various different diseases. When patients were asked to describe the influence of family or caregiver support, they stressed the critical role these supporters played in remaining on track with their medications, dietary choices, and exercise behaviors.
795:
independent than they are, and subsequently a range of misunderstandings. It has also been argued that caregivers concealing the burden of care may end up undermining their own identity, because they do not get the social recognition necessary to create a positive identity – their toil becomes invisible. This has been termed 'the caregiving bind,' namely, that caregivers concealing the demands of care to protect and support the identity of the care-receiver, may end up undermining their own caregiving identity.
38:
548:. These trainings provide information about the condition, how it affects different people differently, and techniques for providing care to a person with dementia. Caregivers can also join support groups in order to share their experiences and further develop the skills needed to provide the best possible care. Moreover, there are groups of trained caregivers who can come to visit and provide care in the home, giving family members a break from providing full-time care.
746:
place. The goal of occupational therapy intervention is to reduce the burden of care on the caregiver. A typical plan of care begins with a questionnaire (Caregiver Burden Scale), an at-home environmental risk assessment, and determination of patient independence level to identify resources to reduce caregiver stress. Occupational therapy's underlying framework is based upon participation in meaningful tasks to promote mental, physical and emotional health.
651:
positive contributions to patients' self-care, and their ability to offer perceptions, insights, and concerns, health care providers are not meaningfully engaging caregivers during the decision-making process for chronic care management. Ignoring the caregiver not only leaves the burden of illness on patients' shoulders but may also prevent caregivers from obtaining the knowledge they need to provide clinically effective care and promote self-care.
486:
for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) along with medication use. At the same time simple measures like talking to people about their interests can improve the quality of life for care home residents living with dementia. A programme showed that such simple measures reduced residents' agitation and depression. They also needed fewer GP visits and hospital admissions, which also meant that the programme was cost-saving.
498:, confusion, and consequently are better avoided when possible. Alternatives to using these drugs is trying to identify and treat the underlying causes of irritability and anger, perhaps by arranging for the person to spend more time socializing with others or doing exercises. Antidepressants may also help. A caregiver willing to explore other options can improve the patient's quality of life.
213:, or other specific health monitoring, then a doctor will advise the care giver on how to do this. The caregiver should watch for changes in a person's mental condition, including becoming unhappy, withdrawn, less interested, confused, or otherwise not as healthy as they have been. In all monitoring, the caregiver's duty is to take notes of anything unusual and share it with the doctor.
452:, which is the use of varying amounts of insulin depending on the person's blood sugar. For people receiving caregiving services, long-acting insulin doses are indicated with varying doses of insulin being the less preferred treatment. If exceptions must be made, then use the long-acting insulin and correct with small doses of sliding scale insulin before the biggest meal of the day.
345:, or actually administering the medications at home. These medications might include tablets, but also creams, injections or liquid medications. It is important that the healthcare providers in the clinic help educate caregivers since those caregivers will often be the ones that manage medications over the long term for an individual living with a chronic condition at home.
670:
787:
and usually unfamiliar role. Adaptation to these role changes is complex. Caregivers and care-receivers often work together to avoid stigma and compensate for the disability. However, each side experiences divergent practical, social and emotional demands which can also fracture the relationship, creating disagreements and misunderstandings.
655:
of engaging caregivers during the clinical decision-making process include—and are not limited to—better patient understanding of provider advice, enhancement of patient-provider communication, better prioritization of patient concerns, and emotional support for the patient. These benefits are essential to the performance of self-care.
638:. The presence of higher social support also had positive effects on the physical and mental health of these persons. COPD patients with a caregiver were found to have lower rates of depression and increased participation in pulmonary rehabilitation, indicating the critical role a caregiver plays in influencing patient success.
594:. These treatments are not proven to provide benefit over alternatives but they do increase the risk of various health problems. One alternative to using appetite stimulants is to provide social support, as many people are more comfortable eating when sharing a meal with others. People who have trouble eating may appreciate
541:. Elder abuse can include physical, emotional and financial abuse, as well as neglect. Signs of elder abuse can include depression, unusual changes in behavior or appearance, bed sores, and unexplained bruises. It is important to talk with a doctor if there are any concerns that someone may be suffering from elder abuse.
738:
examining the role of spousal caregivers for stroke survivors, many non-paid caregivers reported their experience as immensely exhausting and challenging. Furthermore, spouses and other non-paid caregivers have a higher risk of developing physical and mental health problems than the general population. The
British
715:
Without respite, not only can families suffer economically and emotionally, caregivers themselves may face serious health and social risks as a result of stress associated with continuous care-giving. Three fifths of family caregivers age 19-64 surveyed recently by the
Commonwealth Fund reported fair
654:
The perceptions and needs of caregivers are seldom and inconsistently incorporated in designing and implementing interventions. Supporting research concludes that when caregivers are engaged in provider-patient encounters, patients report higher satisfaction with the clinical experience. The benefits
633:
Multiple studies have demonstrated the significant role that caregivers play in promoting self-care in persons with an illness. A study observing the effects of a supportive intervention for caregivers of patients with heart failure found higher and statistically significant self-care behavior scores
466:
in heart patients. This is a life saving device for people who have a goal to live for a long time, but at the end of life it is recommended that the caregiver discuss deactivating this device with the patient and health care provider. For patients at the end of life, the device rarely prevents death
358:
To have a caregiver, a person may have to decide on changes on where they live and with whom they live. When someone needs a caregiver, the two must meet, and this typically happens either in the person's own home or the caregiver's home. Consequently, this could mean that a person moves to live with
340:
Caregivers have a vital role in supporting people with managing their medications at home. A person living with chronic illness may have a complex medication regimen with multiple medications and doses at different times of the day. Caregivers may assist in managing medications in many ways. This may
786:
Informal caregiving for someone with an acquired disability entails role changes that can be difficult. The person with the disability becomes a care-receiver, often struggling for independence and at risk of stigmatisation. Simultaneously, family and friends become informal caregivers, a demanding
719:
In the United States today there are approximately 61.6 million people (referenced above) who are caring at home for family members including elderly parents, and spouses and children with disabilities and/or chronic illnesses. Without this home-care, most of these cared for loved ones would require
688:
The stress associated with caring for chronically ill family members may result in stress for the caregiver. This caregiver stress has been associated with higher risk of mental, and physical health problems, poorer immunity and higher blood pressure. According to a UK-based study, almost two out of
558:
There are many support groups and resources available for family members and caregivers of people with dementia. Such groups can provide emotional support as well as practical advice on how to best care for someone with the condition. Caregivers need to remember that they too need support in dealing
404:
For some diseases, such as advanced cancer, there may be no treatment of the disease which can prolong the life of the patient or improve the patient's quality of life. In such cases, standard medical advice would be for the caregiver and patient to have conversations with the doctor about the risks
87:
Typical duties of a caregiver might include taking care of someone who has a chronic illness or disease; managing medications or talking to doctors and nurses on someone's behalf; helping to bathe or dress someone who is frail or disabled; or taking care of household chores, meals, or processes both
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Caregivers and care-receivers have been found to disagree about many things, including, care needs, risks and stress, and level of knowledge. it has also been found that caregivers rate care-receivers as more disabled than care-receivers rated themselves. Noble and
Douglas found that family members
723:
A 2021 Cochrane review found that remotely delivered interventions including support, training and information may reduce the burden for the informal caregiver and improve their depressive symptoms. However, there is no certain evidence that they improve health-related quality of life. The findings
711:
Respite is the service most often requested by family caregivers, yet it is in critically short supply, inaccessible, or unaffordable regardless of the age or disability of the individual needing assistance. While the focus has been on making sure families have the option of providing care at home,
696:
Home care providers (e.g. spouses, children of elderly parents and parents) themselves contribute a huge sum in the national economy. In most parts, the economic contribution or quantification of home care providers is not accounted for. However, along with the unseen and unaccounted for economic
193:
Some people receiving care require that someone take notice of their breathing. It is expected that a caregiver would notice changes in breathing, and that if a doctor advised a caregiver to watch for something, then the caregiver should be able to follow the doctor's instructions in monitoring the
91:
With an aging population in all developed societies, the role of caregivers has been increasingly recognized as an important one, both functionally and economically. Many organizations that provide support for persons with disabilities have developed various forms of support for caregivers as well.
794:
These disagreements and misunderstandings, it has been argued, stems in part from caregivers concealing the demands of care. Caregivers often conceal the demands of care in order to make the person receiving care feel more independent. But, this can result in the person receiving care feeling more
749:
Occupational
Therapists can also conduct evaluations, conduct certain interventions and consultations services remotely via telehealth. For caregivers living remotely, working from home, or otherwise have limited access to healthcare this is a vital service. Other health providers are increasingly
650:
Despite the evidence of self-care promotion, caregivers are consistently underused during clinical encounters. Caregivers can contribute significantly to promoting patient wellness, including promoting patient independence and self-care. However, despite studies demonstrating caregivers' daily and
641:
As mentioned, caregivers can promote self-care in a variety of ways. A research study performed in
Lebanon found that family-centered self-care has the potential to reduce the risk of hospital readmission in patients diagnosed with heart failure. Additionally, having the support of a family member
613:
has been defined as "a process of maintaining health through health promoting practices and managing illness". Self-care may be performed for several reasons, whether in response to disease or injury, to manage chronic conditions, to maintain health, or for the preservation of self. There are many
533:
devices can be used in these situations. Such devices provide an extra layer of security, allowing family members and caregivers to quickly locate the person if they become lost. However, these devices can be expensive, so it is important to research the different options available before making a
485:
need support from their caregivers, yet caregivers do not always have sufficient guidance for using multiple patient interventions. Findings from a 2021 systematic review of the literature found caregivers of patients in nursing homes with dementia do not have sufficient tools or clinical guidance
440:
screening, and other tests may not be reasonable to have for a person at the end of life who would not take treatment for these conditions and who would only be disturbed to learn they had them. It can be the caregivers place to have conversations about the potential benefits for screenings and to
745:
Guidance from social workers and occupational therapists has proven beneficial in reducing anxiety and a lower sense of burden among non-paid caregivers. Occupational therapists provide caregiver training to promote self care and holistic wellness, fall prevention, home modification, and aging in
629:
relationship that is linked to their health. The close dynamics of these relationships can influence self-care behavior and transform it from a self-centered behavior to a relationship-centered behavior. Adopting a relationship-centered mindset can lead to enhanced motivation for both partners to
509:
can slow the loss of function but the benefits to the patient's quality of life are few and in some cases there may not be any. Such drugs also have many undesirable side effects. Before using these drugs, the caregiver should discuss and consider treatment goals for the patient. If the drugs are
300:
and nutritional needs. People become at risk for not having a healthy diet when they are inactive or bedbound; living alone; sick; having difficulty eating; affected by medication; depressed; having difficulty hearing, seeing, or tasting; unable to get food they enjoy; or are having communication
737:
Non-paid caregivers, such as adult children or spouses, are particularly at risk for increased stress. Caregiving tasks may require 24/7 attention and supervision, which reduces the amount of time participating in other meaningful occupations such as paid work and leisure activities. In a study
777:
Some agencies, such as nursing homes and assisted living communities, require caregiver certification as a condition for employment. Most US states have caregiver resource centers that can assist in locating a reputable training class. In many cases, training is available at local colleges,
252:
Caregivers encourage people to leave their homes for the health benefits of the resulting physical and mental activity. Depending on a person's situation, a walk through their own neighborhood or a visit to a park may require planning or have risks, but it is good to do so when possible.
778:
vocational schools, organizations such as the
American Red Cross, and at local and national caregiver organizations. National organizations include the National Association for Home Care and Hospice, the Family Caregiver Alliance and the National Family Caregivers Association.
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wanted intensive interventions which were support focused, whereas care-receivers placed emphasis on interventions that fostered independence. Many disagreements centre on caregivers' identity, particularly their overprotectiveness, embarrassment, independence, and confidence
328:. The most common way to help people with trouble swallowing is to change the texture of their food to be softer. Another way is to use special eating equipment to make it easier for the person to eat. In some situations, caregivers can be supportive by providing
672:
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The caregiver manages organization of the person's agenda. Of special importance is helping the person meet medical appointments. Also routine daily living functions are scheduled, like managing hygiene tasks and keeping health care products available.
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when possible. Sleeping medications do not provide a lot of benefit to most people and have side effects including causing memory problems and confusion, increasing risk of blood clots, and causing weight gain. Caregivers can help people improve their
359:
the caregiver, or the caregiver moves to live with the person. It is also possible that the caregiver only visits occasionally or is able to provide support remotely, or that the person who needs care is able to travel to the caregiver to get it.
256:
Depending on a person's situation, it may be useful for them to meet others also getting similar care services. Many places offer exercise groups to join. Social clubs may host hobby groups for art classes, social outings, or to play games. For
2026:
Deek H., Chang S., Newton P.J., Noureddine S., Inglis S.C.; et al. (2017). "An evaluation of involving family caregivers in the self-care of heart failure patients on hospital readmission: Randomised controlled trial (the FAMILY study)".
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billion. The implication is that since so much personal investment is made in this sector, social programs to increase the efficiency and efficacy of caregivers would bring great benefit to society if they were easy to access and use.
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as intended. Using the device at the end of life can cause pain to the patient and distress to anyone who sees the patient experience this. Likewise, ICDs should not be implanted in anyone who is unlikely to live for more than a year.
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96(3), 302-307.; Clark, A.M., Spaling, M., Harkness, K., Spiers, J., Strachan, P.H., Thompson, D.R., Currie, K. (2017). Determinants of effective heart failure self-care: a systematic review of patients' and caregivers' perceptions".
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of the person receiving care. The carer remains in contact with the primary health care provider, often a doctor or nurse, and helps the person receiving care make decisions about their health and matters affecting their daily life.
3340:
674:
2300:
Gallagher, S.G.; et al. (2018). "Prior depressive symptoms and persistent child problem behaviours predict future depression in parents of children with developmental disabilities: The growing up in
Ireland cohort study".
625:, and personal relationship, among others. The term "caregiver" can refer to people who take care of someone with a chronic illness or a supporter who influences the self-care behaviors of another person. Couples often form an
3165:
Bar-Tal Y., Barnoy S., Zisser B. (2005). "Whose informational needs are considered? A comparison between cancer patients and their spouses' perceptions of their own and their partners' knowledge and informational needs".
634:
in the intervention group. Another research study conducted by Chen et al. identified higher social support as one of the main factors associated with improved functioning and a higher quality of life in patients with
555:. Each case needs to be assessed on an individual basis and appropriate interventions devised accordingly. With patience and understanding, caregivers can make a real difference in their loved one's quality of life.
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drugs is not a preferable option unless the person seems likely to harm themselves or others. Antipsychotic drugs have undesirable side effects, including increasing risk of diabetes, pneumonia, stroke, disruption of
1820:
Godfrey C.M., Harrison M.B., Lysaght R., Lamb M., Graham I., Oakley P. (2011). "Care of self - care by other - care of other: The meaning of self-care from research, practice, policy and industry perspectives".
362:
A common example of this is when a parent gets older and has previously lived alone. If the parent's children are to be caregivers, then they may move in with the parent or have the parent move in with them.
517:
are used to give food to people with dementia, especially when they are in the hospital or a nursing home. While feeding tubes can help people gain weight, they carry risks including bleeding, infection,
1600:
Ballard, Clive; Orrell, Martin; Moniz-Cook, Esme; Woods, Robert; Whitaker, Rhiannon; Corbett, Anne; Aarsland, Dag; Murray, Joanna; Lawrence, Vanessa; Testad, Ingelin; Knapp, Martin (July 2020).
2346:
Gallagher, S.G.; Hannigan, Ailish (2014). "Depression and chronic health conditions in parents of children with and without developmental disabilities: the growing up in
Ireland cohort study".
534:
purchase. GPS tracking can also raise ethical issues such as privacy and autonomy, so it is important to consider all sides before deciding if this is the right option for a particular person.
1873:
Lewis M.L., McBride C.M., Pollak K.I., Puleo E., Butterfield R.M., Emmons K.M. (2006). "Understanding health behavior change among couples: An interdependence and communal coping approach".
2688:
Labrum T, Solomon PL. Physical elder abuse perpetrated by relatives with serious mental illness: A preliminary conceptual social–ecological model. Aggression and
Violent Behavior, 2015
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in a way that matches their needs. If the caregiving plan calls for a check on the home, then typically this includes checking that the floor is free from hazards which could cause a
1396:
673:
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problems. A poor diet contributes to many health problems, including increased risk of infection, poor recovery time from surgery or wound healing, skin problems, difficulty in
2089:
Boehmer K.R., Egginton J.S., Branda M.E., Kryworuchko J.; et al. (2014). "Missed opportunity? Caregiver participation in the clinical encounter. A videographic analysis".
2138:
Boehmer K.R., Egginton J.S., Branda M.E., Kryworuchko J.; et al. (2014). "Missed opportunity? Caregiver participation in the clinical encounter. A videographic analysis.
526:
in preference. Besides being a safer alternative to the feeding tube, it creates an opportunity for social interaction which can also be comforting to the person being fed.
704:
can be overwhelming. Caregivers responsible for an individual with a psychiatric disorder can be subject to violence. Elderly caregivers appear to be at particular risk.
3110:
2607:"Associations Between Secondary Caregivers' Supportive Behavior and Psychological Distress of Primary Spousal Caregivers of Cognitively Intact and Impaired Elders"
462:(ICD) and give instructions about the circumstances in which leaving it activated would be contrary to the patient's goals. An ICD is a device designed to prevent
1927:
Shahriai M., Ahmadi M., Babee S., MSc, Sadeghi M. (2013). "Effects of a family support program on self-care behaviors in patients with congestive heart failure".
104:, a trained professional or another individual. Depending on culture there may be various members of the family engaged in care. The concept can be important in
68:, and who may have no specific professional training, are often described as informal caregivers. Caregivers most commonly assist with impairments related to
100:
A primary caregiver is the person who takes primary responsibility for someone who cannot care fully for himself or herself. The primary caregiver may be a
3424:
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in which the person's independence is respected while the caregiver helps them take food in their mouth by placing it there and being patient with them.
602:
and feed the person what they enjoy eating despite the health consequences if that seems preferable and more beneficial over using appetite stimulants.
2239:"Family and friend participation in primary care visits of patients with diabetes or heart failure: Patient and physician determinants and experiences"
614:
different factors that may influence self-care, including knowledge and educational background, physical limitations, economic status, culture, and
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2012:
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Harper, Alexandra E.; Rouch, Stephanie; Leland, Natalie E.; Turner, Rose L.; Mansbach, William E.; Day, Claire E.; Terhorst, Lauren (2021-07-07).
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from regular injections, then the caregiver should manage that. Surfaces of the living area should be regularly cleaned and wiped as well as the
2533:
Victor, Christina R.; Rippon, Isla; Quinn, Catherine; Nelis, Sharon M.; Martyr, Anthony; Hart, Nicola; Lamont, Ruth; Clare, Linda (2021-07-03).
1602:"Improving mental health and reducing antipsychotic use in people with dementia in care homes: the WHELD research programme including two RCTs"
64:
is a paid or unpaid person who helps an individual with activities of daily living. Caregivers who are members of a care recipient's family or
598:
from their caregiver. Depending on the situation, a caregiver, patient, and physician may decide to forgo any dietary restrictions such as a
807:
exceeds the amount done as work for hire. In the United States, for example, a 1997 study estimated the labor value of unpaid caregiving at
2499:
551:
When responding to various issues that arise in caring for someone with dementia, it is important to remember that the person is a unique
621:
Caregiver-patient interactions form dynamic relationships that vary based on multiple factors, including disease, comorbid conditions,
1442:
3299:
Croteau C., Le Dorze G. (2006). "Overprotection, 'speaking for', and conversational participation: A study of couples with aphasia".
2855:
Knecht-Sabres, L.J. "Caregivers of Stroke
Survivors: Exploring the Role of Spousal Caregivers through an Occupational Therapy Lens".
2698:
González-Fraile, Eduardo; Ballesteros, Javier; Rueda, José-Ramón; Santos-Zorrozúa, Borja; Solà, Ivan; McCleery, Jenny (2021-01-04).
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Brittain K. R., Shaw C. (2007). "The social consequences of living with and dealing with incontinence: A caregiver's perspective".
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used, then after twelve weeks, if the caregiver finds that goals are not being met, then use of the drugs should be discontinued.
3858:
2812:
Kniepmann, K (2014). "Family caregiving for husbands with stroke: An occupational perspective on leisure in the stress process".
148:
A fundamental part of giving care is being a good communicator with the person getting care. Care is given with respect for the
3863:
2961:"'Getting through' not 'going under': A qualitative study of gender and spousal support after diagnosis with colorectal cancer"
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3660:
3497:
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635:
618:, to name a few. Additionally, the process of self-care can be performed individually or with the assistance of a caregiver.
448:
People with diabetes who use caregiving services, like those in a nursing home, frequently have problems using sliding-scale
441:
participate in discussions about their usefulness. An example of a need for caregiver intervention is to talk with people on
2395:"Parental caregivers of children with developmental disabilities mount a poor antibody response to pneumococcal vaccination"
2448:"Social support is associated with blood pressure responses in parents caring for children with developmental disabilities"
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383:
which suits the person getting care, and has faucets and knobs which suit the users. To reduce risk of any major problem,
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in other ways, such as getting regular exercise, keeping to a sleep schedule, and arranging for a quiet place to sleep.
445:
who cannot have cancer treatment and can have no benefit from cancer screening, but who consider getting the screening.
3383:
Power A (2008). "Caring for independent lives: Geographies of caring for young adults with intellectual disabilities".
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Horowitz A., Goodman C. R., Reinhardt J. P. (2004). "Congruence between disabled elders and their primary caregivers".
2178:
1716:
2646:
Labrum TK, Solomon PL (2017). "Rates of victimization of violence committed by relatives with psychiatric disorders".
2535:"The prevalence and predictors of loneliness in caregivers of people with dementia: findings from the IDEAL programme"
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The caregiver is in close contact with the person receiving care and should monitor their health in a reasonable way.
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2181:"Determinants of effective heart failure self-care: a systematic review of patients' and caregivers' perceptions"
1965:"Association between social support and self-care behaviors in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
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or poor health, one or more chronic conditions, or a disability, compared with only one-third of non-caregivers.
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can provide a much needed temporary break from the often exhausting challenges faced by the family caregiver.
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Difficulty eating is most often caused by difficulty swallowing. This symptom is common in people after a
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range from going to the pharmacy to collect medications, helping with devices such as a Webster-pak or a
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for both caregivers and persons receiving care happen often. If the person receiving care is producing
31:
17:
2700:"Remotely delivered information, training and support for informal caregivers of people with dementia"
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3683:
1750:
Riegel B., Jaarsma T., Stromberg A. (2012). "A Middle-Range Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness".
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3341:"The caregiving bind: Concealing the demands of informal care can undermine the caregiving identity"
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may increase physical health by improving mental health. These practices seek to improve a person's
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shows that the health of unpaid carers is significantly poorer than that of their non-carer peers.
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formal and informal documentations related to health for someone who cannot do these things alone.
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Mitnick, S.; Leffler, C.; Hood, V.; American College of Physicians Ethics, P. A. H. R. C. (2010).
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1513:"A Systematic Review of Tools Assessing the Perspective of Caregivers of Residents With Dementia"
1186:"The caregiver role in thromboprophylaxis management in atrial fibrillation: A literature review"
429:
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Noble L. M., Douglas B. C. (2004). "What users and relatives want from mental health services".
3059:"Caregiving burden, stress, and health effects among family caregivers of adult cancer patients"
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Clark A.M., Spaling M., Harkness K., Spiers J., Strachan P.H., Thompson D.R., Currie K. (2017).
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1567:"The WHELD programme for people with dementia helps care home staff deliver person-centred care"
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People with dementia can become restless or aggressive but treating these behavior changes with
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Caregiving is the regional variation of caregiving practices as distinguished among countries.
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which is no longer necessary. Screenings which would be indicated at other times of life, like
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Taking Care of Barbara: A Journey Through Life and Alzheimer's and 29 Insights for Caregivers
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little attention has been paid to the needs of the family caregivers who make this possible.
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Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. London, UK: Penguin
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with their feelings about the situation and that it is okay to ask for help from others.
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Elder Care Made Easier: Doctor Marion's 10 Steps to Help You Care for an Aging Loved One
3509:"Family Caregivers, Patients and Physicians: Ethical Guidance to Optimize Relationships"
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permanent placement in institutions or health care facilities at great cost to society.
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Ann Burack-Weissi, "The Caregiver's Tale: Loss and Renewal in Memoirs of Family Life",
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3586:
3572:
3558:
3538:
3493:
3447:
3400:
3365:
3320:
3232:
3183:
3137:
3088:
3039:
2990:
2829:
2791:
2737:
2719:
2663:
2628:
2605:
W.Q.Lou, Vivian; kwan, Chi Wai; Chong, Ming Lin Alice; Chi, Iris (23 December 2013).
2586:
2574:
2566:
2519:
2481:
2428:
2375:
2320:
2268:
2202:
2106:
2044:
1994:
1890:
1838:
1834:
1777:
1643:
1631:
1623:
1586:
1552:
1540:
1532:
1207:
917:
889:
829:
739:
701:
501:
People with dementia are likely to lose memories and cognitive skills. Drugs such as
388:
246:
105:
101:
3459:
3396:
3360:
3285:
3179:
3111:"Divergences of perspective between people with aphasia and their family caregivers"
3035:
2976:
2841:
2675:
2332:
1886:
929:
513:
People with dementia are likely to have difficulty eating and swallowing. Sometimes
3952:
3835:
3804:
3528:
3520:
3439:
3392:
3355:
3308:
3273:
3224:
3175:
3125:
3078:
3070:
3031:
2980:
2972:
2908:
2821:
2781:
2771:
2727:
2715:
2711:
2655:
2618:
2556:
2546:
2507:
2471:
2461:
2418:
2408:
2365:
2357:
2312:
2258:
2250:
2192:
2098:
2040:
2036:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1882:
1830:
1789:
1769:
1613:
1574:
1524:
1219:
1197:
901:
664:
595:
523:
417:
329:
2776:
2759:
2551:
2534:
3769:
3743:
3129:
2959:
Emslie C., Browne S., MacLeod U., Rozmovits L., Mitchell E., Ziebland S. (2009).
2825:
2699:
2254:
2197:
2180:
1962:
1926:
1773:
1725:
1721:
1685:
1681:
1489:
1485:
1451:
1447:
1409:
1405:
1359:
1355:
1324:
1320:
1289:
1285:
834:
622:
599:
587:
519:
495:
449:
442:
406:
384:
274:
230:
81:
567:
Caregivers can help people understand and respond to changes in their behavior.
3779:
3723:
2466:
2447:
2361:
2316:
1437:
626:
615:
206:
201:. If this needs to be done, a doctor will advise the caregiver on how to use a
65:
3524:
3312:
3228:
2697:
2413:
2394:
2236:
2102:
1528:
905:
890:"Economic Valuation of Informal Care: An Overview of Methods and Applications"
289:
or eating, complying with dietary restrictions, assisting with the use of any
37:
3972:
3784:
3443:
2912:
2899:"Occupational therapy practice framework: Domain and process (3rd Edition)".
2723:
2659:
2570:
1627:
1536:
1202:
1185:
576:
490:
372:
234:
222:
117:
2623:
2606:
888:
Van Den Berg, Bernard; Brouwer, Werner B. F.; Koopmanschap, Marc A. (2004).
750:
providing services to caregivers, such as psychologists and social workers.
3830:
3799:
3542:
3451:
3404:
3369:
3236:
3214:
3187:
3092:
3043:
2994:
2833:
2795:
2741:
2667:
2632:
2578:
2485:
2432:
2379:
2324:
2272:
2206:
2110:
2048:
1998:
1894:
1842:
1781:
1635:
1544:
1211:
921:
705:
530:
514:
437:
270:
165:
161:
113:
3646:
3611:
2075:
Mead, H., Andres, E., Ramos, C., Siegel, B., & Regenstein, M. (2010).
529:
In many cases, people with dementia will begin to wander and become lost.
3931:
3074:
804:
681:
591:
538:
425:
371:
Persons who need care are also frequently people who need homes that are
342:
297:
282:
202:
46:
2511:
1578:
156:
In the course of giving care, the caregiver is responsible for managing
3713:
2786:
2760:"Valued activities and informal caregiving in stroke: A scoping review"
2561:
2393:
Gallagher, Stephen; Phillips, Anna C.; Drayson, M; Carroll, D. (2009).
1618:
913:
690:
552:
305:, fatigue, and irritability. Older people are less likely to recognize
238:
109:
73:
2500:"Most people caring for relatives with dementia experience loneliness"
2476:
2423:
2370:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
630:
carry out self-care behaviors and support one another in the process.
160:
of themselves, the person receiving care, and the living environment.
3774:
3551:
Always On Call: When Illness Turns Families into Caregivers (2nd ed.)
1275:
844:
610:
582:
Caregivers are recommended to help people find alternatives to using
570:
Caregivers are recommended to help people find alternatives to using
506:
502:
278:
197:
Some people receiving care require that the caregiver monitor their
2848:
1749:
1249:
1226:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1132:
1110:
1108:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1076:
1074:
1061:
1059:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
571:
544:
Trainings about dementia are also available for family members and
482:
325:
42:
3653:
Caregiving in the Comfort of Home: A Complete Guide for Caregivers
1044:
693:. Most of the carers in the study were family members of friends.
3794:
3108:
811:
billion, while the formal home health care work sector generated
410:
258:
169:
157:
149:
124:
77:
69:
3164:
2753:
2751:
1711:
1156:
1144:
1120:
1105:
1086:
1071:
1056:
1025:
994:
2392:
1413:, AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine
982:
887:
313:
306:
2439:
1345:
3718:
3668:
2748:
1397:
AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine
242:
132:
1599:
1310:
700:
The physical, emotional and financial consequences for the
545:
261:
people there may be senior clubs which organize day trips.
3263:
3056:
1963:
Chen Z., Fan V.S., Belza B., Pike K., Nguyen H.Q. (2017).
724:
are based on moderate certainty evidence from 26 studies.
3554:
968:"Primary Care-giver Doctrine Law & Legal Definition"
3298:
3021:
2857:
Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice
2237:
Rosland A.M., Piette J.D., Choi H., Heisler M. (2011).
1671:
1510:
684:
in Wales discuss some of their work, problems and plans
2532:
781:
727:
399:
296:
A healthy diet includes everything to meet a person's
41:
A resident of St John of God Trust and a caregiver in
27:
Person helping another with activities of daily living
3063:
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
2645:
2386:
2232:
2230:
1815:
1813:
1717:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
1481:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
1443:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
1401:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
1351:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
1316:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
2600:
2598:
2596:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1677:"Ten Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
1475:
1281:"Ten Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
335:
216:
3651:Maria M Meyer, Derr RN, Stanley, Tandberg (2014).
2604:
2174:
2172:
1868:
1866:
1457:
American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine
1439:
American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine
3483:
2227:
1823:International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare
1810:
1260:
1243:
1171:
1150:
1138:
1126:
1114:
1099:
1080:
1065:
1050:
1038:
1019:
988:
405:and benefits of treatment and to seek options for
3423:Arno, PS; Levine, C; Memmott, MM (Mar–Apr 1999).
3422:
2593:
2445:
2345:
1915:
127:, the onset of illness, an incident (or risk) of
3970:
2169:
1863:
537:Caregivers should also be aware of the risk of
3338:
732:
420:the caregiver can assist in discussions about
123:A person may need care due to loss of health,
3684:
865:"Informal Caregiver Law and Legal Definition"
3418:
3416:
3414:
3249:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3200:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3150:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3104:
3102:
3007:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2901:The American Journal of Occupational Therapy
2446:Gallagher, Stephen; Whiteley, Jenny (2012).
2285:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2219:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2161:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2123:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2061:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2011:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1945:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1907:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1855:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1802:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
636:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
277:suggestions based on the recommendations of
3425:"The economic value of informal caregiving"
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
772:
645:
3691:
3677:
3109:Gillespie A., Murphy J., Place M. (2010).
2814:OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health
1707:
1705:
1703:
1271:
1269:
1190:European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing
803:The amount of caregiving which is done as
689:three carers of people with dementia feel
309:and may benefit from being offered water.
3532:
3411:
3359:
3099:
3082:
2984:
2854:
2811:
2785:
2775:
2731:
2622:
2560:
2550:
2475:
2465:
2422:
2412:
2369:
2299:
2262:
2196:
1988:
1763:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1617:
1424:
1201:
470:
3334:
3332:
3330:
2029:International Journal of Nursing Studies
1929:Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery
1374:
1183:
1177:
894:The European Journal of Health Economics
815:billion and nursing home care generated
758:
668:
293:, and arranging for pleasant mealtimes.
36:
3859:Nursing home care in the United Kingdom
3382:
2894:
2892:
2875:"Why support for unpaid carers matters"
2807:
2805:
2757:
2704:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1969:Annals of the American Thoracic Society
1700:
1293:, American Society of Clinical Oncology
1266:
387:should be put in place and appropriate
14:
3971:
3864:Nursing home care in the United States
3553:, Vanderbilt University Press for the
3339:Moore, Helen; Gillespie, Alex (2014).
2453:Research in Developmental Disabilities
2349:Research in Developmental Disabilities
2304:Research in Developmental Disabilities
1650:
960:
753:
605:
460:implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
353:
348:
3672:
3327:
2877:. Health Service Journal. 19 May 2021
2506:(Plain English summary). 2020-07-22.
1606:Programme Grants for Applied Research
1573:(Plain English summary). 2020-11-26.
1493:, American Association of Blood Banks
1277:American Society of Clinical Oncology
522:, and nausea. Whenever possible, use
458:should note if a patient is using an
366:
3513:Journal of General Internal Medicine
2889:
2802:
264:
3488:(1st American ed.). New York:
3057:Bevans M., Sternberg E. M. (2012).
782:The social psychology of caregiving
728:Caregivers and Occupational Therapy
658:
562:
400:Discontinuing unnecessary treatment
143:
24:
3477:
3278:10.1097/01.yco.0000133832.42167.76
25:
3995:
3879:Social care in the United Kingdom
2648:Journal of Interpersonal Violence
336:Support with managing medications
273:. This help might include giving
217:Keeping the person mentally alert
3907:Caring in intimate relationships
3595:Bonnie Campbell McGovern (2007)
2140:Patient Education and Counseling
2091:Patient Education and Counseling
2077:Patient Education and Counseling
1835:10.1111/j.1744-1609.2010.00196.x
1731:American Psychiatric Association
1713:American Psychiatric Association
1363:, American Society of Nephrology
394:
391:measures taken for home safety.
3869:Home care in the United Kingdom
3826:Caring for people with dementia
3397:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.05.023
3376:
3361:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.06.038
3292:
3257:
3208:
3180:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.08.003
3158:
3050:
3036:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.04.002
3015:
2977:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.01.004
2952:
2943:
2919:
2867:
2691:
2682:
2639:
2526:
2492:
2339:
2293:
2131:
2082:
2069:
2019:
1887:10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.08.006
1743:
1593:
1559:
1504:
1469:
1339:
1304:
477:Caring for people with dementia
3927:Unlicensed assistive personnel
3874:Home care in the United States
3698:
3618:Journal of Marriage and Family
2716:10.1002/14651858.cd006440.pub3
2041:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.07.015
1981:10.1513/annalsats.201701-026oc
1517:Journal of Applied Gerontology
1347:American Society of Nephrology
1328:, American College of Surgeons
1184:Ferguson; et al. (2015).
936:
881:
857:
269:Caregivers help people have a
13:
1:
3958:Distress in cancer caregiving
3385:Social Science & Medicine
3348:Social Science & Medicine
3266:Current Opinion in Psychiatry
3168:Social Science & Medicine
3024:Social Science & Medicine
2965:Social Science & Medicine
2777:10.1080/09638288.2018.1460625
2764:Disability and Rehabilitation
2552:10.1080/13607863.2020.1753014
2400:Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
1689:, American Geriatrics Society
850:
179:
3655:. CareTrust Publications.
3620:, 69, no. 1 (2007): 271-272
3585:, Dunedin Press, Edinburgh,
3130:10.1080/02687038.2010.500810
2826:10.3928/15394492-20140325-01
2255:10.1097/mlr.0b013e3181f37d28
2198:10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304852
1774:10.1097/ans.0b013e318261b1ba
1312:American College of Surgeons
798:
138:
135:, or a disabling condition.
7:
3912:Direct support professional
3854:Nursing home care in Canada
3484:Dorling Kindersley (2013).
1875:Social Science and Medicine
1752:Advances in Nursing Science
1673:American Geriatrics Society
823:
733:Non-paid Caregivers' Health
10:
4000:
3734:Activities of daily living
3630:Sylvia Barron Baca (2007)
2467:10.1016/j.ridd.2012.06.007
2362:10.1016/j.ridd.2013.11.029
2317:10.1016/j.ridd.2018.07.001
762:
662:
474:
303:activities of daily living
183:
32:Caregiver (disambiguation)
29:
3940:
3899:
3844:
3818:
3752:
3706:
3549:Carol Levine, ed. (2004)
3525:10.1007/s11606-009-1206-3
3313:10.1080/02687030500475051
2539:Aging & Mental Health
2414:10.1016/j.bbi.2008.05.006
2103:10.1016/j.pec.2014.05.016
1529:10.1177/07334648211028692
906:10.1007/s10198-003-0189-y
434:prostate cancer screening
131:, anxiety or depression,
3739:Long-term care insurance
3444:10.1377/hlthaff.18.2.182
2913:10.5014/ajot.2014.682006
2660:10.1177/0886260515596335
1203:10.1177/1474515114547647
840:Outline of relationships
773:Caregiving certification
646:Clinical decision-making
225:and physical health and
221:There is a link between
211:blood glucose monitoring
3632:Caregiver Daily Journal
3571:, Addicus Books, 2006.
3229:10.1093/geront/44.4.532
1724:: an initiative of the
1684:: an initiative of the
1488:: an initiative of the
1450:: an initiative of the
1408:: an initiative of the
1358:: an initiative of the
1323:: an initiative of the
1288:: an initiative of the
1261:Dorling Kindersley 2013
1244:Dorling Kindersley 2013
1172:Dorling Kindersley 2013
1151:Dorling Kindersley 2013
1139:Dorling Kindersley 2013
1127:Dorling Kindersley 2013
1115:Dorling Kindersley 2013
1100:Dorling Kindersley 2013
1081:Dorling Kindersley 2013
1066:Dorling Kindersley 2013
1051:Dorling Kindersley 2013
1039:Dorling Kindersley 2013
1020:Dorling Kindersley 2013
989:Dorling Kindersley 2013
430:breast cancer screening
227:mind–body interventions
95:
3941:Support for caregivers
3819:Special considerations
685:
471:Responding to dementia
205:. For people who need
49:
3846:Caregiving by country
2927:"Certified Caregiver"
2624:10.1093/geront/gnt156
765:Caregiving by country
759:Caregiving by country
680:
456:Advance care planning
287:difficulty swallowing
245:, and enjoy whatever
186:Monitoring (medicine)
40:
3810:Retirement community
3729:Occupational therapy
3581:Joyce Cavaye (2006)
3555:United Hospital Fund
3486:Caregiver's handbook
3075:10.1001/jama.2012.29
1477:Heart Rhythm Society
30:For other uses, see
3922:Sandwich generation
3900:Types of caregivers
3753:Living arrangements
3707:Background concepts
2907:(1): S1–S48. 2014.
2758:Jellema, S (2019).
2512:10.3310/alert_40575
1579:10.3310/alert_42713
944:"Caregiver Support"
754:Society and culture
606:Promoting self-care
584:appetite stimulants
381:temperature control
354:Living arrangements
349:Changes to the home
318:Parkinson's disease
291:dietary supplements
3765:Home modifications
3760:Independent living
3567:Dr. Marion Somers
3490:Dorling Kindersley
1715:(September 2013),
1619:10.3310/pgfar08060
1314:(September 2013),
686:
464:cardiac arrhythmia
367:Safety in the home
324:, and people with
322:multiple sclerosis
237:with others, keep
50:
3966:
3965:
3917:Family caregivers
3661:978-0-9851391-5-5
3499:978-1-4654-0216-5
3124:(12): 1559–1575.
2770:(18): 2223–2234.
2654:(19): 2955–2974.
2611:The Gerontologist
1479:(24 April 2014),
1399:(February 2014),
1349:(24 April 2014),
1279:(24 April 2014),
830:Family caregivers
740:GP Patient Survey
678:
389:physical security
265:Eating assistance
247:physical exercise
112:, for example in
106:attachment theory
16:(Redirected from
3991:
3953:Caregiver stress
3836:End-of-life care
3805:Residential care
3693:
3686:
3679:
3670:
3669:
3546:
3536:
3503:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3462:. Archived from
3429:
3420:
3409:
3408:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3363:
3345:
3336:
3325:
3324:
3307:(2–4): 327–336.
3296:
3290:
3289:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3248:
3240:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3199:
3191:
3174:(7): 1459–1465.
3162:
3156:
3155:
3149:
3141:
3115:
3106:
3097:
3096:
3086:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3030:(6): 1274–1283.
3019:
3013:
3012:
3006:
2998:
2988:
2971:(6): 1169–1175.
2956:
2950:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2896:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2809:
2800:
2799:
2789:
2779:
2755:
2746:
2745:
2735:
2695:
2689:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2626:
2602:
2591:
2590:
2564:
2554:
2545:(7): 1232–1238.
2530:
2524:
2523:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2479:
2469:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2426:
2416:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2373:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2284:
2276:
2266:
2234:
2225:
2224:
2218:
2210:
2200:
2176:
2167:
2166:
2160:
2152:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2122:
2114:
2086:
2080:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2060:
2052:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2010:
2002:
1992:
1975:(9): 1419–1427.
1960:
1951:
1950:
1944:
1936:
1924:
1913:
1912:
1906:
1898:
1881:(6): 1369–1380.
1870:
1861:
1860:
1854:
1846:
1817:
1808:
1807:
1801:
1793:
1767:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1709:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1669:
1648:
1647:
1621:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1523:(4): 1196–1208.
1508:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1435:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1393:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1273:
1264:
1263:, p. 30-31.
1258:
1247:
1246:, p. 14-15.
1241:
1224:
1223:
1205:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1141:, p. 46-47.
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1103:
1097:
1084:
1078:
1069:
1063:
1054:
1053:, p. 150-2.
1048:
1042:
1036:
1023:
1017:
992:
986:
980:
979:
977:
975:
964:
958:
957:
955:
954:
940:
934:
933:
885:
879:
878:
876:
875:
861:
818:
814:
810:
702:family caregiver
679:
665:Caregiver stress
659:Caregiver stress
623:dependence level
596:assisted feeding
588:food supplements
572:sleep medication
563:Behavior changes
524:assisted feeding
418:end-of-life care
330:assisted feeding
249:is appropriate.
233:by helping them
199:body temperature
144:Basic principles
21:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3936:
3895:
3840:
3814:
3770:Assisted living
3748:
3744:Dignity of risk
3702:
3697:
3666:
3634:Gardners Books
3500:
3480:
3478:Further reading
3475:
3474:
3466:
3427:
3421:
3412:
3381:
3377:
3343:
3337:
3328:
3297:
3293:
3262:
3258:
3242:
3241:
3213:
3209:
3193:
3192:
3163:
3159:
3143:
3142:
3113:
3107:
3100:
3055:
3051:
3020:
3016:
3000:
2999:
2957:
2953:
2948:
2944:
2935:
2933:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2898:
2897:
2890:
2880:
2878:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2853:
2849:
2810:
2803:
2756:
2749:
2710:(1): CD006440.
2696:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2644:
2640:
2603:
2594:
2531:
2527:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2460:(6): 2099–105.
2444:
2440:
2391:
2387:
2344:
2340:
2298:
2294:
2278:
2277:
2235:
2228:
2212:
2211:
2177:
2170:
2154:
2153:
2136:
2132:
2116:
2115:
2087:
2083:
2074:
2070:
2054:
2053:
2024:
2020:
2004:
2003:
1961:
1954:
1938:
1937:
1925:
1916:
1900:
1899:
1871:
1864:
1848:
1847:
1818:
1811:
1795:
1794:
1748:
1744:
1735:
1733:
1726:ABIM Foundation
1722:Choosing Wisely
1710:
1701:
1692:
1690:
1686:ABIM Foundation
1682:Choosing Wisely
1670:
1651:
1598:
1594:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1509:
1505:
1496:
1494:
1490:ABIM Foundation
1486:Choosing Wisely
1474:
1470:
1461:
1459:
1452:ABIM Foundation
1448:Choosing Wisely
1436:
1425:
1416:
1414:
1410:ABIM Foundation
1406:Choosing Wisely
1394:
1375:
1366:
1364:
1360:ABIM Foundation
1356:Choosing Wisely
1344:
1340:
1331:
1329:
1325:ABIM Foundation
1321:Choosing Wisely
1309:
1305:
1296:
1294:
1290:ABIM Foundation
1286:Choosing Wisely
1274:
1267:
1259:
1250:
1242:
1227:
1182:
1178:
1170:
1157:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1106:
1098:
1087:
1079:
1072:
1064:
1057:
1049:
1045:
1037:
1026:
1018:
995:
987:
983:
973:
971:
966:
965:
961:
952:
950:
948:dhss.alaska.gov
942:
941:
937:
886:
882:
873:
871:
863:
862:
858:
853:
835:Dignity of risk
826:
816:
812:
808:
801:
784:
775:
767:
761:
756:
735:
730:
669:
667:
661:
648:
608:
600:low sodium diet
565:
520:pressure ulcers
496:cognitive skill
479:
473:
450:insulin therapy
407:palliative care
402:
397:
385:smoke detectors
369:
356:
351:
338:
267:
231:quality of life
219:
188:
182:
146:
141:
98:
82:mental disorder
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3997:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3948:Carers' rights
3944:
3942:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3850:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3780:Aging in place
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3756:
3754:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3724:Long-term care
3721:
3716:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3696:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3673:
3664:
3663:
3649:
3628:
3614:
3593:
3579:
3565:
3547:
3519:(3): 255–260.
3504:
3498:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3469:on 2019-02-23.
3432:Health Affairs
3410:
3391:(5): 834–843.
3375:
3326:
3291:
3272:(4): 289–296.
3256:
3223:(4): 532–542.
3207:
3157:
3098:
3069:(4): 398–403.
3049:
3014:
2951:
2942:
2918:
2888:
2866:
2847:
2820:(3): 131–140.
2801:
2747:
2690:
2681:
2638:
2592:
2525:
2491:
2438:
2385:
2338:
2292:
2226:
2191:(9): 716–721.
2168:
2130:
2097:(3): 302–307.
2081:
2068:
2018:
1952:
1914:
1862:
1809:
1765:10.1.1.682.479
1758:(3): 194–204.
1742:
1699:
1649:
1592:
1558:
1503:
1468:
1423:
1373:
1338:
1303:
1265:
1248:
1225:
1176:
1155:
1143:
1131:
1119:
1104:
1085:
1070:
1068:, p. 153.
1055:
1043:
1041:, p. 148.
1024:
1022:, p. 144.
993:
981:
959:
935:
880:
855:
854:
852:
849:
848:
847:
842:
837:
832:
825:
822:
800:
797:
783:
780:
774:
771:
763:Main article:
760:
757:
755:
752:
734:
731:
729:
726:
663:Main article:
660:
657:
647:
644:
627:interdependent
616:social support
607:
604:
564:
561:
475:Main article:
472:
469:
401:
398:
396:
393:
368:
365:
355:
352:
350:
347:
337:
334:
316:, people with
266:
263:
218:
215:
207:blood pressure
184:Main article:
181:
178:
145:
142:
140:
137:
125:loss of memory
108:as well as in
97:
94:
66:social network
62:support worker
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3996:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3790:Adult daycare
3788:
3786:
3785:Elder village
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3694:
3689:
3687:
3682:
3680:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3667:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3640:1-4303-2102-4
3637:
3633:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3605:0-595-40536-3
3602:
3598:
3594:
3592:
3591:1-903765-66-8
3588:
3584:
3583:Hidden Carers
3580:
3578:
3577:1-886039-80-1
3574:
3570:
3566:
3564:
3563:0-8265-1460-X
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3482:
3481:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3379:
3371:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3295:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3260:
3252:
3246:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3217:Gerontologist
3211:
3203:
3197:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3161:
3153:
3147:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3103:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3053:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3018:
3010:
3004:
2996:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2955:
2946:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2895:
2893:
2876:
2870:
2862:
2858:
2851:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2808:
2806:
2797:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2754:
2752:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2694:
2685:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2642:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2617:(4): 584–94.
2616:
2612:
2608:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2529:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2504:NIHR Evidence
2501:
2495:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2442:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2407:(3): 338–46.
2406:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2389:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2356:(2): 448–54.
2355:
2351:
2350:
2342:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2296:
2288:
2282:
2274:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2233:
2231:
2222:
2216:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2173:
2164:
2158:
2151:(9): 716–721.
2150:
2146:
2141:
2134:
2126:
2120:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2079:79(1), 69-76.
2078:
2072:
2064:
2058:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2022:
2014:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1957:
1948:
1942:
1935:(2): 152–157.
1934:
1930:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1910:
1904:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1869:
1867:
1858:
1852:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1816:
1814:
1805:
1799:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1746:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1596:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1571:NIHR Evidence
1568:
1562:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1270:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1196:(2): 98–107.
1195:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1174:, p. 56.
1173:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1153:, p. 47.
1152:
1147:
1140:
1135:
1129:, p. 43.
1128:
1123:
1117:, p. 45.
1116:
1111:
1109:
1102:, p. 67.
1101:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1083:, p. 66.
1082:
1077:
1075:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1052:
1047:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
991:, p. 10.
990:
985:
969:
963:
949:
945:
939:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
884:
870:
866:
860:
856:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
827:
821:
806:
796:
792:
788:
779:
770:
766:
751:
747:
743:
741:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
707:
703:
698:
694:
692:
683:
666:
656:
652:
643:
639:
637:
631:
628:
624:
619:
617:
612:
603:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
580:
578:
577:sleep hygiene
573:
568:
560:
556:
554:
549:
547:
542:
540:
535:
532:
527:
525:
521:
516:
515:feeding tubes
511:
508:
504:
499:
497:
492:
491:antipsychotic
487:
484:
478:
468:
465:
461:
457:
453:
451:
446:
444:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
414:
412:
408:
395:Complications
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
364:
360:
346:
344:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
310:
308:
304:
299:
294:
292:
288:
285:, addressing
284:
281:, monitoring
280:
276:
272:
262:
260:
254:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
223:mental health
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
195:
191:
187:
177:
173:
171:
167:
163:
159:
154:
151:
136:
134:
130:
126:
121:
119:
118:child custody
115:
111:
107:
103:
102:family member
93:
89:
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
48:
44:
39:
33:
19:
3831:Elderly care
3800:Nursing home
3699:
3665:
3652:
3631:
3617:
3596:
3582:
3568:
3550:
3516:
3512:
3485:
3464:the original
3438:(2): 182–8.
3435:
3431:
3388:
3384:
3378:
3351:
3347:
3304:
3300:
3294:
3269:
3265:
3259:
3245:cite journal
3220:
3216:
3210:
3196:cite journal
3171:
3167:
3160:
3146:cite journal
3121:
3117:
3066:
3062:
3052:
3027:
3023:
3017:
3003:cite journal
2968:
2964:
2954:
2945:
2934:. Retrieved
2930:
2921:
2904:
2900:
2879:. Retrieved
2869:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2817:
2813:
2767:
2763:
2707:
2703:
2693:
2684:
2651:
2647:
2641:
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