Capital punishment in the United Kingdom

1325:

categories of murder. The amendments were voted on first: capital punishment for murder "resulting from acts of terrorism" was rejected by 245 to 361, for murder "of a police officer during the course of his duties" by 263 to 344, for murder "of a prison officer during the course of his duties" by 252 to 348, for murder "by shooting or causing an explosion" by 204 to 374, and for murder "in the course or furtherance of theft" by 194 to 369. The main motion was then defeated by 223 to 368. Towards the end of the Parliament, a new clause proposed to the Criminal Justice Bill proposed to return the death penalty for "A person convicted by the unanimous verdict of a jury of the premeditated killing of another person or of knowingly and intentionally killing another person in a manner, or for a reason, or in circumstances which a reasonable person would consider to be evil" was rejected by 230 to 342 on 1 April 1987.

1321:, and rejected by 195 to 357. It was followed by an alternative under which capital punishment would be available "as the penalty for an act of terrorism involving the loss of human life"; this new clause was rejected by 176 to 332. A further new clause proposing capital punishment "as the penalty for murder by means of firearms or explosives" was rejected by 176 to 343. Then a new clause allowing for capital punishment "as the penalty for murder of a police or prison officer" was rejected by 208 to 332. Finally, a new clause allowing capital punishment "as the penalty for murder in the course of robbery and burglary which involves the use of offensive weapons" was rejected by 151 to 331. 1598: 1317:) moved a motion "that the sentence of capital punishment should again be available to the courts" on 19 July 1979. While the motion was not expected to pass, the margin of its defeat (243 to 362) was much wider than expected. Later in the same Parliament, the Criminal Justice Bill provided an opportunity on 11 May 1982 for several new clauses to be proposed which would have reinstated capital punishment. The first, which simply declared that "A person convicted of murder shall be liable to capital punishment", was tabled by 558: 22: 143: 1234:

100,000 signatures would prompt a parliamentary debate on a particular topic, but not necessarily lead to any Parliamentary Bills being put forward. When the petition closed on 4 February 2012 it had received 26,351 signatures in support of restoring capital punishment, but a counter-petition calling to retain the ban on capital punishment received 33,455 signatures during the same time period.

1104:, it is unlawful for an extradition of an individual to take place if the individual is accused of a capital crime, unless the Home Secretary has received assurances that the death penalty would not be applied in that case. Regardless of this, in July 2018, the Government said it will not object to the United States seeking the death penalty for 429:), but rejected them. It had more difficulty with the principle of capital punishment. Popular opinion believed that the death penalty acted as a deterrent to criminals, but the statistics within the report were inconclusive. Whilst the report recommended abolition from an ethical standpoint, it made no mention of possible 1350:

penalty for murder (with special provision for the Court of Appeal to decide whether to substitute a life sentence) was then rejected by 182 to 367. Capital punishment for "murder committed by means of firearms, explosives or an offensive weapon, or for the murder of a police or prison officer" was rejected by 186 to 349.

112:", at its height the criminal law included some 220 crimes punishable by death, including "being in the company of Gypsies for one month", "strong evidence of malice in a child aged 7–14 years of age" and "blacking the face or using a disguise whilst committing a crime". Many of these offences had been introduced by the 1233:

website calling for the restoration of the death penalty for those convicted of the murder of children and police officers. The petition was one of several in support or opposition of capital punishment to be published by the government with the launch of its e-petitions website. Petitions attracting

1357:

were moved. The first, providing for death as the sentence for "the murder of a police officer acting in the execution of his duty", was rejected by 186 to 383; A new clause providing for general reintroduction with power for the Court of Appeal to substitute life imprisonment was rejected by 159 to

1349:

On 17 December 1990 a new Criminal Justice Bill again saw amendments designed to reintroduce capital punishment. The first covered anyone over 18 "convicted of the murder of a police officer acting in the execution of his duty" and was rejected by 215 to 350; a general reintroduction of death as the

120:

of 1723, which created 50 capital offences for various acts of theft and poaching. Crimes eligible for the death penalty included shoplifting and stealing sheep, cattle, and horses, and before abolition of the death penalty for theft in 1832, "English law was notorious for prescribing the death

1265:

was refused leave to bring in a Bill to restore capital punishment for the murder of police or prison officers, by a vote of 170 to 292. Motions to make the five-year suspension of capital punishment under the 1965 Act permanent were opposed, but agreed by 343 to 185 in the House of Commons; in the

444:

had strangled at least six women in the same house; he also confessed to killing Timothy's wife. If the jury in Evans's trial had known this, Evans might have been acquitted. There were other cases in the same period where doubts arose over convictions and subsequent hangings, such as the notorious

376:

In 1938 the issue of the abolition of capital punishment was brought before parliament. A clause within the Criminal Justice Bill called for an experimental five-year suspension of the death penalty. When war broke out in 1939 the bill was postponed. It was revived after the war in 1948 and to much

294:

abolished the death penalty in Scots law for crimes other than murder, "treason or rebellion against the Sovereign", and (in theory but not in practice) certain types of attempted murder. Relevant offences, which were obsolete or for which lesser punishments had long applied in practice, included

1091:

Further measures were subsequently adopted to revoke technicalities in British overseas territories' domestic legislation as regards use of the death penalty for crimes of treason and piracy. In October 2002 the British government abolished the death penalty for treason and piracy in the Turks and

1037:

are constitutionally not part of the United Kingdom. However, the British government's ultimate responsibility for good governance of the territories has led it over recent years to pursue a policy of revoking all statutory provision for the death penalty in those territories where it had up until

1290:

the death penalty, because I believe that people who go out prepared to take the lives of other people forfeit their own right to live. I believe that that death penalty should be used only rarely. But I believe that no one should go out certain that, no matter how cruel, how vicious, how hideous

1127:

At the same time, there have been a number of miscarriages of justice since 1965 where persons convicted of murder have later had their convictions quashed on appeal and been released from prison, strengthening the argument of those who oppose the death penalty's reintroduction. These include the

1324:

The new Parliament in 1983 again prompted supporters of capital punishment to put their case. Sir Edward Gardner's motion "That this House favours the restoration of the death penalty for murder" was debated on 13 July 1983, with several amendments moved to restrict capital punishment to certain

1087:

The British government was unable to extend the abolition via Order in Council to Bermuda, the UK's most autonomous overseas territory with powers of almost total self-governance—but warned that if voluntary abolition was not forthcoming it would be forced to consider the unprecedented step of

939:

as the court of final appeal; although the death penalty has been retained in these states, the Privy Council would sometimes delay or deny executions. Some of these states severed links with the British court system in 2001 by transferring the responsibilities of the Privy Council to the

2342:, who had been having an affair, were executed for the murder of Mary's husband, John Daly, in June 1902. Joseph Taylor, aged 26, was hanged in Kilkenny Prison on 7 January 1903, and Mary Daly, aged 36, was hanged in Tullamore Prison on 9 January 1903, the last woman executed before 357:

recommended that capital punishment be suspended for a trial period of five years, but no action was taken. From 1931 pregnant women could no longer be hanged (following the birth of their child) although in practice since the 18th century their sentences had always been commuted.

635:

Following the abolition of the death penalty for murder, the House of Commons held a vote during each subsequent parliament until 1997 to restore the death penalty. This motion was always defeated, but the death penalty remained for other crimes until the dates mentioned below:

2488:

respectively, for the murder of Thompson's husband. The case was controversial because, although in letters Thompson had fantasised about the possible elimination of her husband, there was no firm evidence that she was in any way connected with the murder for which she was

409:(the Royal Commission on Capital Punishment, 1949–1953) with instructions to determine "whether the liability to suffer capital punishment should be limited or modified". The commission's report discussed a number of alternatives to execution by hanging (including the 1009:(the island's parliament) until 1993. Five persons were sentenced to death (for murder) on the Isle of Man between 1973 and 1992, although all sentences were commuted to life imprisonment. The last person to be sentenced to death in the UK or its dependencies was 628:, proposed a motion to make the Act permanent, which was carried in the Commons on 16 December 1969, and a similar motion was carried in the Lords on 18 December. The death penalty for murder was abolished in Northern Ireland on 25 July 1973 under the 1116:. Although not strictly an extradition case, in response to an urgent question in Parliament on the matter, the Government stated that they still held the policy "to oppose the death penalty in all circumstances as a matter of principle". 549:. Some commentators see this conscience treatment as a way for political parties to insulate themselves from a backlash over an issue on which their leadership's support for abolition differed from public support for the death penalty. 129:, official pardons, pregnancy of the offender or performance of military or naval duty. Between 1770 and 1830, an estimated 35,000 death sentences were handed down in England and Wales, of which 7,000 executions were carried out. 989:

providing for the total abolition of the death penalty. Both of these laws came into effect on 10 December 2006. Capital punishment was abolished in Guernsey in 2003, and the 13th Protocol was extended to Guernsey in April 2004.

124:

Whilst executions for murder, burglary and robbery were common, the death sentences for minor offenders were often not carried out. A sentence of death could be commuted or respited (permanently postponed) for reasons such as

923:

prohibiting capital punishment except "in time of war or imminent threat of war". The last remaining provisions for the death penalty under military jurisdiction (including in wartime) were removed when section 21(5) of the

223:

was abolished in 1832 and hanging in chains was abolished in 1834. In 1837, the death penalty for forging wills and powers of attorney was abolished. The death penalty for rape and some other offences was abolished by the

1179:

also attracted widespread public support for the death penalty's return. Other subsequent high-profile cases to have sparked widespread media and public calls for the death penalty's return include "Yorkshire Ripper"

1968:(though she was in fact strangled before the fire was lit, and thus not literally burned to death). The penalty of burning at the stake, which at the time applied to women and not to men, was abolished the next year. 95:

for men, burning for women, and beheading for the nobility; and heresy, which was punished by burning. About 24% of those facing trial for such offences were actually executed. About 75% of hangings were for theft.

195:

In 1808, Romilly had the death penalty removed for pickpockets and lesser offenders, starting a process of reform that continued over the next 50 years. The death penalty was mandatory (although it was frequently

2750:. Craig, a minor, was not executed and instead served 10 years in prison. Bentley was granted a partial posthumous pardon on 29 July 1993, and the Court of Appeal fully overturned his conviction on 30 July 1998. 1248:

In April 2021 a poll found that 54% of Britons said they would support reinstating the death penalty for those convicted of terrorism in the UK. About a quarter (23%) of respondents said they would be opposed.

524:

was imposed in Parliament on the death penalty. Apart from the 1948 Commons decision to accede to the Lords' amendment, all other votes from the 1939 suspension bill to the 1994 reintroduction motion have been

1614:, less than one day old, was ordered to be burned by Bailiff Hellier Gosselin, with the advice of Roman Catholic priests nearby who said the boy should burn due to having inherited moral stain from his mother. 208:

and murder. The Punishment of Death, etc. Act 1832 reduced the number of capital crimes by two-thirds. In 1832, the death penalty was abolished for theft, counterfeiting, and forgery except for the forgery of

1203:

A November 2009 television survey showed that 70% favoured reinstating the death penalty for at least one of the following crimes: armed robbery, rape, crimes related to paedophilia, terrorism, adult murder,

620:; it further provided that if, before the expiry of the five-year suspension, each House of Parliament passed a resolution to make the effect of the Act permanent, then it would become permanent. In 1969 the 1241:

showed that 65% of Britons support reinstating the death penalty for murder in Great Britain, while 28% oppose this course of action. Men and respondents aged over 35 are more likely to endorse the change.

2503:

was hanged for his part in a murder committed during the course of a robbery. The case had established that a person need not be present when a crime is committed to be regarded as an accessory after the

1266:

House of Lords, an amendment to continue with a temporary suspension of capital punishment until 31 July 1973 was rejected by 174 to 220. In April 1973, the House of Commons voted against reintroduction.

107:

on capital punishment in 1810, declared that " no country on the face of the earth in which there been so many different offences according to law to be punished with death as in England". Known as the

1277:

moved an amendment calling instead for introduction of legislation providing for death to be the penalty for acts of terrorism causing death. Her amendment was rejected by 217 to 369. A year later,

1061: 291: 63:

for murder was suspended in 1965 and finally abolished in 1969 (1973 in Northern Ireland). Although unused, the death penalty remained a legally defined punishment for certain offences such as

5918: 512:

The police and the government were of the opinion that the death penalty deterred offenders from carrying firearms and it was for this reason that such offences remained punishable by death.

1336:

allowed for the jury in a murder case to "have the power, upon reaching a verdict of guilt of murder, to recommend ... death in the manner authorised by law". It was rejected by 218 to 341.

7255: 7260: 4570: 87:, the death penalty applied for treason, murder, manslaughter, infanticide, rape, arson, grand larceny (theft of goods worth more than a shilling), highway robbery, buggery, sodomy and 71:

became binding on the United Kingdom; it prohibits the restoration of the death penalty as long as the UK is a party to the convention (regardless of the UK's status in relation to the

5700:

Extracts from the Register of Sir Thomas Butler, Vicar of Much Wenlock, in Shropshire [1538–1562] ... Rev. Charles Henry Hartshorne. Reprinted from the "Cambrian Journal," etc

2822:

was hanged at Wandsworth Prison for the murder of Alan John Jee, the last 18-year-old to be executed in Britain. His accomplice Norman Harris was hanged at Pentonville the same day.

928:

came into force on 9 November 1998. On 10 October 2003, effective from 1 February 2004, the UK acceded to the 13th Protocol, which prohibits the death penalty in all circumstances.

6515: 1208:, child rape, treason, child abuse or kidnapping. However, respondents only favoured capital punishment for adult murder, the polling question asked by other organisations such as 7308: 4502: 2871:

after a controversial rape–murder trial. In 2002, Hanratty's body was exhumed and the Court of Appeal upheld his conviction after Hanratty's DNA was linked to crime scene samples.

7278: 279:

The 1866 royal commissioners concluded (with dissenters) that there was not a case for abolition but recommended an end to public executions. This proposal was included in the

7245: 1088:"whether to impose abolition by means of an Act of Parliament". As a result, the Bermudian government introduced its own domestic legislation in 1999 to rectify the problem. 2339: 5507: 2335:

was hanged at St Albans, for poisoning her sister. At 22, she was the youngest woman to be hanged in the post-1868 'modern era' (non-public, and by the 'long drop' method).

1971:

24 October 1795: Four Irishmen were convicted of the murder of William Marriott. James Cully, Thomas Markin and the two brothers Michael and Thomas Quin were all hanged in

1909: 1124:

Since the death penalty's suspension in 1965, there have been continued public and media calls for its reintroduction, particularly prompted by high-profile murder cases.

2686:

refused to consider overturning the conviction due to the costs and resources that would be involved, but acknowledged that Evans did not murder his wife or his daughter.

2649: 1748:

was beheaded for the murder of the Laird of Johnstone and the killings of several other members of Clan Johnstone during a feud between Clan Johnstone and Clan Maxwell.

6909: 900:

was abolished as a method of execution for treason in 1973. Hanging, however, remained available until 30 September 1998 when, under a House of Lords amendment to the

373:, at 16 years old, was the last juvenile sentenced to the death penalty in the United Kingdom, in 1932 for a sexually related murder, but he was reprieved due to age. 1601:

Mother Catherine Cauchés (centre) and her two daughters Guillemine Gilbert (left) and Perotine Massey (right) with her infant son burning for their Protestant beliefs

601:

case, who stood on an explicitly pro-hanging platform. Downey polled over 5,000 votes, 13.7%, then the largest vote for a genuinely independent candidate since 1945.

2735:

for murder. The Court of Appeal quashed his conviction posthumously in 1998 after hearing that crucial evidence implicating another Somali was withheld at his trial.

287:

those executed for treason was abolished in 1870. The last application of that punishment had been in 1820 and the last sentence to the punishment had been in 1839.

160: 51:

predates the formation of the UK, having been used within the British Isles from ancient times until the second half of the 20th century. The last executions in the

2945: 1025:

in 1992; he was subsequently retried and sentenced to life imprisonment in 1994. In 2004 the 13th Protocol was adopted, with an effective date of 1 November 2006.

4584: 1212:, by small majorities or pluralities: overall, 51% favoured the death penalty for adult murder, while 56% in Wales did, 55% in Scotland, and only 49% in England. 891: 659: 546: 6952: 841:. Holden was removed from the death cell in May 1973. In 2012 his conviction was quashed on appeal on the grounds that his confession was obtained by torture. 4397:

Rounding out the actual numbers, of the 33,700 eligible voters, 10,800 bothered to show up. This was a third of the electorate. There were 109 spoilt ballots

985:

was hanged for murder. The Human Rights (Amendment) (Jersey) Order 2006 amends the Human Rights (Jersey) Law 2000 to give effect to the 13th Protocol of the

699: 2633:

for the murder of Olive Balchin despite maintaining his innocence. While he had been awaiting execution, another man, David Ware, confessed to the crime. A

994:(which is part of Guernsey but has its own laws) formally retained it until January 2004, when the Chief Pleas in a 14–9 vote removed it from the statutes. 4801: 6143: 3138: 261: 6442: 2678:, gave key evidence against Evans, but ultimately confessed to murdering Evans' wife himself shortly before he was executed in 1953. Evans received a 477:

By 1957 a number of controversial cases highlighted the issue of capital punishment again. Campaigners for abolition were partially rewarded with the

7345: 4366: 3865: 455:

Between 1900 and 1949, 621 men and 11 women were executed in England and Wales. Ten German agents were executed during the First World War under the

981:

In the Channel Islands, the last death sentence was passed in 1984; the last execution in the Channel Islands was in Jersey on 9 October 1959, when

385:. Popular support for abolition was absent and the government decided that it would be inappropriate for it to assert its supremacy by invoking the 4362: 629: 4837: 4661: 4561: 6423: 4300: 3104: 6842: 6290: 5590: 4539: 2253:

was hanged at Buccleuch Street Prison for the robbery, rape and murder of nine-year-old Thomasina Scott, the last public execution in Scotland.

2124: 894:

abolished the death penalty for the civilian offence of spying in navy ships or bases which had been created by the Naval Discipline Act 1957.

297: 4195: 2604:", was hanged for treason in London's Wandsworth Prison. He was an American citizen, but was convicted of treason because, as the holder of a 7080: 6643: 6583: 2670:. He initially claimed his wife died after drinking an abortion drug he gave her, but later withdrew the claim. Evan's downstairs neighbour, 727:

However, no executions were carried out in the United Kingdom for any of these offences after the abolition of the death penalty for murder.

709: 225: 3686:

Cowley, Philip (June 1998). "Unbridled passions? Free votes, issues of conscience and the accountability of British members of parliament".

2466:, then at war with the United Kingdom, to incite insurrection in Ireland and to incite Irish soldiers serving in the British Army to mutiny. 1862:). These included nine English, and one Welsh, officers of the Manchester Regiment and seven Scots captured at Carlisle and after Culloden. 7350: 7010: 6566: 6079: 6050: 5450: 5366: 4384: 3314:

the death penalty was eventually restricted by the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1887 to cases of murder, attempted murder and treason.

1258: 605: 2094:

28 January 1829: William Burke, one of Britain's first recorded serial killers, was hanged at Edinburgh Gaol for his participation in the

1245:

In March 2015 a survey by the NatCen British Social Attitudes Report showed that public support for the death penalty had dropped to 48%.

5155: 2716:, and others involved in the crime supported this. A Home Office report rejected this evidence. Huge crowds gathered outside Liverpool's 452:

The commission concluded that unless there was overwhelming public support in favour of abolition, the death penalty should be retained.

6403: 6396: 5183: 4947: 6945: 5211: 5127: 4268: 2652:, aged 43, was hanged for killing a 70-year-old woman in the course of a robbery, the first woman to be hanged in Britain for 12 years. 1741:

were hanged, drawn and quartered for their involvement in the Gunpowder Plot, the day after the execution of their fellow conspirators.

1354: 4113: 916:, replacing it with a discretionary maximum sentence of life imprisonment. These were the last civilian offences punishable by death. 4919: 3837: 1353:

A Parliamentary debate on a question proposing reintroduction of capital punishment came on 21 February 1994 when new clauses to the

353:

was introduced to replace the charge of murder for mothers killing their children in the first year of life. In 1930 a parliamentary

6539: 7324: 7030: 6410: 4891: 4332: 3809: 1932: 1636: 116:

to protect the property of the wealthy classes that emerged during the first half of the 18th century, a notable example being the

5972: 2837:

for the murder of John Cremin. He was the last teenager to be executed in Britain and the penultimate person executed in Scotland.

7283: 7055: 6914: 5099: 2050: 1562: 1050: 936: 655: 1045:

in 1977, when two men, Larry Tacklyn and Erskine Burrows, were hanged for the 1973 murder of the territory's then governor, Sir

113: 6516:"Capital punishment : public opinion and abolition in Great Britain during the twentieth century (master's degree thesis)" 6467:

McHugh, John (March 1999). "The Labour Party and the Parliamentary Campaign to Abolish the Military Death Penalty, 1919–1930".

5323: 4628: 3085: 1314: 905: 586: 6382: 1092:

Caicos Islands. Since then, the death penalty has been outlawed under all circumstances in all the UK's overseas territories.

67:

until it was completely abolished in 1998; the last execution for treason took place in 1946. In 2004, Protocol No. 13 to the

7298: 7250: 7142: 7137: 6938: 6889: 6239: 6221: 5809: 5771: 3793: 3516: 2920: 2477: 953: 280: 6389: 5003: 4783: 3893: 3151:"Hanging in the Balance: A History of the Abolition of Capital Punishment in Britain – by Brian P Block and John Hostettler" 6919: 4764: 2972: 2698: 2683: 2515:. She was convicted of murdering two of her patients, Mrs Baguley (89) and her daughter Ada (50) by administering morphine. 2047: 1427: 1340: 1306: 594: 5574: 5422: 4229: 3767: 7102: 4544: 4416: 1894:, leader of the Hawkhurst Gang, was hanged at Tyburn and then gibbeted for smuggling and the murder of a customs officer. 1318: 986: 920: 362: 68: 4707: 3293: 2375:

was hanged at Cardiff Prison, the last baby farmer to be executed in Britain and the last woman to be executed in Wales.

1281:'s motion "That this House demands capital punishment for terrorist offences causing death" was rejected by 232 to 361. 1273:

moved a motion declaring that "the death penalty would neither deter terrorists nor increase the safety of the public";

7222: 5478: 5394: 3956: 2448: 2105:, for the arson of three hay ricks. This was the last public execution in England to be held at the scene of the crime. 1939: 1858:

July-Nov 1746: seventeen Jacobite officers were hanged, drawn and quartered for high treason at Kennington Common (now

1684: 1625: 675: 241: 5739:. Vol. 1. London: E. Rider, for T. Payne, H. L. Gardner, W. Otridge, E. and R. Brooke and J. Rider . p. 24. 3560: 2779:, aged 28, was the last woman to be hanged in Britain. She was the 15th and youngest woman hanged in the 20th century. 7202: 6335: 6267: 5874: 5681: 5654: 3665: 3263: 3242: 3150: 2032: 1873: 1793: 1525: 354: 182: 5295: 5053: 4975: 4863: 1163:

trial in 1966, the year after the death penalty's suspension, in which Ian Brady and Myra Hindley were sentenced to

1159:

Perhaps the first high-profile murder case which sparked widespread calls for a return of the death penalty was the

7172: 7132: 7112: 7092: 6995: 6559: 6374: 4242: 2002: 1961: 542: 1520:, fifth wife of Henry VIII and queen of England, was beheaded for adultery after having an affair with her cousin 7288: 7107: 6894: 3014: 2930: 2925: 2556: 2171: 1378: 1365:

In June 2013 a new bill for capital punishment in England and Wales was introduced, sponsored by Conservative MP

365:. The last known execution by the civilian courts of a person under 18 was that of Charles Dobell, 17, hanged at 5508:"Margaret Thatcher Wanted to Reinstate Death Penalty for Northern Irish 'Terrorists,' Show Newly Released Files" 4808: 4679: 3532: 2462:, a former government official, was hanged at Pentonville for high treason. He was convicted of conspiring with 7293: 7240: 7187: 7182: 7157: 7015: 5267: 5239: 4171: 4144: 4025: 3974: 2307:

was hanged at Newgate for the murder of 6 babies. It is now believed that she may have killed over 400 infants.

1782: 1745: 1476: 1014: 164: 1869:, Jacobite leader and Scottish Clan chief, was the last man to be publicly beheaded in Britain, at Tower Hill. 1261:, supporters in Parliament have made several attempts to reintroduce capital punishment. On 23 November 1966, 7355: 7212: 7162: 7122: 7075: 7070: 7060: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7020: 7005: 7000: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6837: 5562: 2956: 2420: 2350: 2166: 2113: 1866: 456: 5351: 7303: 7207: 7197: 7177: 7167: 7152: 7147: 7127: 7097: 7065: 7050: 7025: 6961: 6300:"Amputating the Traitor: Healing the Social Body in Public Executions for Treason in Late Medieval England" 4095: 2935: 2202: 1891: 1105: 1034: 957: 852: 5713: 4693: 4037: 3713:

Flanagan, Eugene (31 December 2012). "Death penalty discourses and the U.K. polity: A critical analysis".

3320: 2615:

was hanged at Pentonville Prison for treachery, the last person executed for an offence other than murder.

7192: 7117: 7087: 6764: 6552: 6319: 2682:

pardon in 1966 after an investigation concluded that Christie also murdered Evans' daughter. In 2004 the

1976: 1965: 1703: 1510: 901: 679: 669: 597:

in the Nelson and Colne constituency by Patrick Downey, the uncle of Lesley Anne Downey, a victim in the

284: 201: 92: 6440:

McGowen, Randall (Summer 2003). "History, Culture and the Death Penalty: The British Debates, 1840–70".

6109: 3336: 3332: 3328: 2797:, 24, was hanged in Swansea for the murder of William Williams, the last person to be executed in Wales. 2637:

report dismissed the latter's confession as a fake, but in 1951 he attacked another woman and was found

2589:, a British fascist and Nazi collaborator, pleaded guilty to eight charges of treason and was hanged at 1490:

was beheaded on false charges of treason as punishment for arranging Henry VIII's ill-fated marriage to

561:

The only known photograph of the death sentence being pronounced in England and Wales, for the poisoner

6904: 5040: 3615: 3595: 2638: 2324: 2146: 2065: 1269:

The deaths of civilians in several IRA bombings in 1974 prompted a renewed debate. On 11 December 1974

1172: 941: 848: 440:, who was tried and hanged in 1950 for murdering his infant daughter. It later transpired in 1953 that 5919:"Leeds relative of woman put to death for attempted murder welcomes miscarriage of justice conclusion" 5521: 2496:

was hanged at Duke Street Prison for the murder of John Johnston, the last woman executed in Scotland.

734:, London, until 1994, which was tested every six months until 1992. This gallows is now housed in the 6601: 5604: 4307: 3740: 3631: 3591: 3134: 3108: 2826: 2564: 2311: 2178: 1738: 1695: 1359: 1329: 1238: 471: 467: 382: 4503:"Amber Rudd 'perplexed' by decision to give US option to potentially execute British-born jihadists" 4377:

There were 8,536 votes in favour of retention of the death penalty and 2,237 in favour of abolition

4192: 3077: 2845: 2754: 2671: 2267: 2235: 2009: 1950: 1928: 1584: 1176: 1113: 1081: 884: 880: 803: 770: 762: 754: 644: 640: 578: 538: 441: 370: 249: 104: 5785: 4166: 4000: 3350: 6707: 6540:'Hanging With Frank' (video showing UK execution protocol at the old gallows in Barlinnie Prison) 5991: 5944: 3755: 3280: 2783: 2626: 2572: 2282: 2250: 2061: 1815: 1760: 1041:

The last executions in an overseas territory, and indeed the last on British soil, took place in

735: 430: 283:. From that date executions in Great Britain were carried out only in prisons. The punishment of 153: 83:

During the reign of Henry VIII, as many as 72,000 people are estimated to have been executed. In

6260:

Hanging in Judgment: Religion and the Death Penalty in England from the Bloody Code to Abolition

4392: 1148:

man who was freed in 2001 after serving 27 years for the murder of a woman in a churchyard) and

6613: 6521: 6469: 6431: 4438:"Partnership for Progress and Prosperity: Britain and the Overseas Territories, (1999) page 21" 4139: 2898: 2724: 2679: 2361: 2210: 2189: 2095: 2039: 1841: 1786: 1141: 1069: 766: 6299: 5671: 3599: 3175: 1946:

to be hanged (reputedly by a silken rope) and is the only peer to have been hanged for murder.

1184:, convicted in 1981 of murdering 13 women and attacking seven others in the north of England; 470:

only made spying capital for non-naval personnel if it occurred on naval ships or bases. (The

121:

penalty for a vast range of offences as slight as the theft of goods valued at twelve pence."

6734: 6722: 6596: 5734: 5730: 5698: 5644: 4072: 3506: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3192: 3188: 2962: 2890: 2608:(albeit fraudulently obtained), he was held to have owed allegiance to the British sovereign. 2379: 2275: 2054: 1998: 1756: 1662: 1573: 1535:

became the youngest known girl legally executed in England, at age 11 for an unknown offence.

1386: 1133: 982: 925: 758: 690: 577:, who had committed himself to the cause of abolition for longer than 20 years, introduced a 422: 237: 25:

Europe holds the greatest concentration of abolitionist states (blue). Map current as of 2022

4275: 2786:

was the first person to be hanged after the use of capital punishment was restricted by the

1621:

was burned at the stake for heresy, despite recanting his Protestant beliefs multiple times.

1389:(UKIP) have policies for a referendum on the reintroduction of the death penalty in the UK. 847:

David Chapman, who was sentenced to hang in November 1965 for the murder of a swimming pool

6862: 6702: 4609: 4489: 4117: 3171: 2950: 2940: 2590: 2500: 2343: 2043: 1778: 1677: 1670: 1647: 1588: 1101: 1018: 790: 686: 613: 508:

the second of two murders committed on different occasions (if both done in Great Britain).

466:

Whereas the 1866 Naval Discipline Act made "All Spies for the Enemy" subject to death, the

269: 4465: 4437: 4412: 2666:

was hanged at Pentonville for the murder of his wife and daughter at 10 Rillington Place,

2436: 2231:

was hanged for the murder of Thomas Briggs, the first murder committed on a British train.

8: 6739: 6727: 6656: 6424:"The Shadow of the Gallows: The Death Penalty and the British Labour Government, 1945–51" 4526: 4212: 2886: 2834: 2805: 2717: 2512: 2508: 2405: 1801: 1767: 1640: 1547: 816: 386: 306: 6345: 5714:

Pleading the Belly: A Sparing Plea? Pregnant Convicts and the Courts in Medieval England

2705: 6899: 6811: 6667: 6575: 6502: 6486: 6455: 6341: 6284: 5584: 3751: 2977: 2967: 2879: 2875: 2642: 2630: 2527: 2523: 2485: 2383: 2354: 2182: 2160:, an alleged serial poisoner, was the last woman to be hanged for attempted murder, at 1797: 786: 780:

was the last woman to be hanged in Britain; for the murder of her lover David Blakely.

460: 436:

The public had by then expressed great dissatisfaction with the verdict in the case of

310: 60: 5736:

Historia Placitorum Coronæ: The History of the Pleas of the Crown, by Sir Matthew Hale

5542: 6494: 6362: 6331: 6311: 6263: 6254:. revised by the author and N. D. Macdonald (3rd ed.). Edinburgh: William Green. 6235: 6217: 6144:"They were hanged for murder side by side - but were these Manchester lads innocent?" 5870: 5805: 5767: 5760: 5740: 5677: 5650: 5030: 4646: 4478: 3789: 3661: 3512: 3259: 3238: 2894: 2841: 2787: 2769: 2747: 2743: 2656: 2579: 2560: 2549: 1658: 1420: 1343: 1297: 1226: 1164: 861:

Patrick McCarron in 1964 for shooting his wife. He killed himself in prison in 1970.

799: 617: 570: 478: 346: 334: 233: 214: 126: 1975:. Cully and Michael Quinn's bodies were placed in gibbets. One gibbet is now in the 1833:, was hanged at Tyburn for burglary after four successful escape attempts from jail. 6692: 6687: 6677: 6608: 6534: 6506: 6478: 6397:

MURDER (ABOLITION OF DEATH PENALTY) BILL HC Deb 21 December 1964 vol 704 cc870-1010

6323: 6214:

Hanging in the balance: a history of the abolition of capital punishment in Britain

4021: 3722: 3695: 2853: 2612: 2605: 2409: 2021: 1840:, criminal overlord and fraudulent "Thief Taker General", was hanged at Tyburn for 1734: 1611: 1517: 1506: 1480: 1366: 1057: 1046: 975: 909: 867:

Edgar Black, who was reprieved on 6 November 1963. He had shot his wife's lover in

609: 574: 562: 418: 406: 402: 326: 229: 4744: 2470: 2428: 2278:, which had killed 12 people. His execution was the last public hanging in the UK. 1554:. His brother William was executed the same day by being hanged from the walls of 557: 381:

the abolition clause was defeated but the remainder of the bill was passed as the

6874: 6791: 6274: 6249: 4787: 4780: 4768: 4337: 4199: 3941: 3897: 2819: 2812: 2538: 2481: 2440: 2424: 2390: 2297: 2088: 2084: 2028: 1859: 1555: 1521: 1502: 1498: 1487: 1454: 1310: 1181: 1022: 913: 665: 625: 582: 521: 350: 322: 253: 84: 5625: 4761: 4050: 3287:. Sessional papers. Vol. HC 1930–31 (15). London: HMSO. p. 13 §§47–48. 2882:

in Aberdeen for the murder of seaman Thomas Guyan, the last hanging in Scotland.

1770:

became the youngest known person legally executed in England, at age 8 or 9 for

1597: 1332:

in 1988 provided a further opportunity for a debate; the new clause proposed by

837:

in 1973 in Northern Ireland, for the capital murder of a British soldier during

377:

surprise was adopted by a majority in the House of Commons (245 to 222). In the

349:

banned the execution of juveniles under the age of 16. In 1922 a new offence of

6930: 6816: 6712: 6682: 6618: 6451: 6025: 5893: 3919: 2902: 2864: 2568: 2545: 2459: 2432: 2416: 2286: 2271: 2257: 2200:, an eyewitness, in his portrayal of the execution of the fictional heroine of 2150: 2139: 2135: 2117: 2102: 1990: 1902: 1898: 1877: 1752: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1618: 1569: 1543: 1491: 1230: 1197: 1152:(who was freed in 2007 when his conviction for the 1999 murder of TV presenter 1137: 1129: 1073: 1053:

with a 33% turnout, 79% of Bermudian voters opted to retain the death penalty.

731: 621: 590: 410: 398: 378: 100: 72: 52: 21: 6482: 6411:

MURDER (ABOLITION OF DEATH PENALTY) HC Deb 16 December 1969 vol 793 cc1148-297

6404:

MURDER (ABOLITION OF DEATH PENALTY) BILL HL Deb 19 July 1965 vol 268 cc480-582

5840: 5034: 4413:"The Caribbean Territories (Abolition of Death Penalty for Murder) Order 1991" 3699: 2101:

8 September 1830: William Wall, John Rowley and Richard Clarke were hanged at

7339: 6867: 6717: 5744: 5718:

Crossing Borders: Boundaries and Margins in Medieval and Early Modern Britain

5081: 5036:

Margaret Thatcher interview | Brighton Bomb | IRA | Conservative Party | 1984

3957:"Army 'waterboarding victim' who spent 17 years in jail is cleared of murder" 2762: 2758: 2746:

as an accomplice to the murder of a police officer by his 16-year-old friend

2739: 2728: 2694: 2675: 2663: 2619: 2597: 2463: 2452: 2412:

for the pattern of serial killings known as the "Brides in the Bath Murders".

2239: 2157: 2017: 1837: 1826: 1819: 1726: 1532: 1465: 1382: 1278: 1262: 1160: 1010: 598: 446: 437: 2697:, Liverpool, for murder, but had his conviction quashed posthumously by the 919:

On 20 May 1998 the House of Commons voted to ratify the 6th Protocol of the

641:

causing a fire or explosion in a naval dockyard, ship, magazine or warehouse

6628: 6498: 3726: 2801: 2757:

was hanged at Pentonville for the murder of his wife Ethel. Christie was a

2690: 2667: 2601: 2534: 2493: 2393:

was executed by firing squad, the first British soldier to be executed for

2372: 2315: 2290: 2228: 2197: 2109: 1994: 1830: 1730: 1699: 1629: 1458: 1457:

on false charges of adultery, incest and treason so that Henry could marry

1408: 1270: 1221: 1216: 1205: 1149: 897: 838: 481:. The Act brought in a distinction between capital and non-capital murder. 314: 257: 6327: 6128:

Henry Cecil, "Trial of Walter Graham Rowland", David & Charles, 1975,

2674:(whom Evans accused of committing the murder), later found to be a sexual 2138:

poisoners Catherine Frary and Frances Billing were hanged at the gates of

1665:

and eleven others were hanged, drawn and quartered for conspiring to kill

1119: 361:

In 1933 the minimum age for capital punishment was raised to 18 under the

232:

c. 94 to c. 100) further reduced the number of civilian capital crimes in

6857: 6697: 6672: 6662: 6623: 5949: 4726: 3078:"The Puzzle of Criminal Sanctions for Intellectual Property Infringement" 2794: 2634: 2519: 2398: 2365: 2332: 2319: 2304: 2221: 2077: 1983: 1848: 1688: 1687:

was beheaded for treason after he attempted to start a rebellion against

1666: 1651: 1539: 1446: 1439: 1404: 1274: 1209: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1171:

area (they later confessed to a further two murders). Later in 1966, the

998: 963: 834: 820: 812: 534: 414: 109: 91:. Hanging was the method used for all but treason, which was punished by 6459: 5804:. Law, meaning, and violence. University of Michigan Press. p. 77. 5552: 4246: 3656:

Radzinowicz, Leon (1999). "The Awkward Question of Capital Punishment".

2537:, a German spy, was executed by firing squad, the last execution in the 1140:(cleared in 1989 of murdering five people in another 1974 IRA bombing), 1062:

Caribbean Territories (Abolition of Death Penalty for Murder) Order 1991

855:. He was released from prison in 1979 and later died in a car accident. 6821: 6785: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6759: 6490: 6232:

Human Rights in the UK: An Introduction to the Human Rights Act of 1998

4838:"Slight Increase in Support for Death Penalty for Convicted Terrorists" 4711: 4562:"Sajid Javid tells US: We won't block death penalty for Isil 'Beatles'" 3105:"Punishments at the Old Bailey—Late 17th Century to Early 19th Century" 2776: 2713: 2586: 2161: 1924: 1852: 1722: 1450: 1416: 1333: 1168: 1153: 1145: 1077: 777: 739: 651: 530: 426: 330: 318: 302: 210: 204:

gave judges the official power to commute the death penalty except for

167: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 6272: 3278: 3224:

Forfeiture Act 1870 (repealing part of section 1 of Treason Act 1814).

2622:

was hanged at Pentonville Prison for the rape and murder of two women.

6879: 6852: 6754: 6544: 6114: 3354: 2915: 2709: 2394: 2128: 1920: 1885: 1881: 1551: 1002: 932: 819:

on 6 May 1958, for the murder of William Williams, sub-postmaster of

526: 366: 268:

which had not yet been formally repealed. The death penalty remained

265: 245: 220: 117: 6390:

DEATH PENALTY (ABOLITION) BILL HL Deb 10 July 1956 vol 198 cc679-843

6383:

DEATH PENALTY (ABOLITION) BILL HC Deb 12 March 1956 vol 550 cc36-151

1942:

was executed at Tyburn for the murder of a servant. He was the last

1916:

for bestiality, the last known execution for bestiality in Scotland.

1505:

were executed for adultery for having affairs with queen of England

142: 6884: 6796: 6169: 5802:

From noose to needle: capital punishment and the late liberal state

5787:

Capital Punishment and the Criminal Corpse in Scotland 1740 to 1834

2192:

was the last woman to be hanged in public in the English county of

2131:

for bestiality, the last known execution for bestiality in England.

2073: 2042:

were hanged and decapitated for planning to murder all the British

2013: 1913: 1607: 1431: 1065: 967: 459:, and 16 spies were executed during the Second World War under the 4001:"Armed Forces Act 1981 (c. 55), section 17 – Statute Law Database" 1291:

their murder, they themselves will not suffer the death penalty."

6806: 6801: 6749: 6744: 6633: 6591: 6370: 6307: 5483: 5455: 5427: 5399: 5371: 5328: 5300: 5272: 5244: 5216: 5188: 5160: 5132: 5104: 5058: 5008: 4980: 4952: 4924: 4896: 4868: 4371: 3842: 3814: 3565: 3537: 3041: 2868: 2849: 2830: 2732: 2243: 2214: 1972: 1943: 1923:

became the only British admiral executed, by firing squad by the

1412: 1339:

The aforementioned bills were rejected despite support from then

1042: 1006: 868: 484: 369:

together with his accomplice William Gower, 18, in January 1889.

205: 64: 56: 6304:

The Ends of the Body: Identity and Community in Medieval Culture

6080:"Deaths in the Superintendent Registrar's District of Tullamore" 5888: 5886: 4540:"Britain would not block death penalty for IS 'Beatle' suspects" 2712:. They claimed that they had been doing a different burglary in 2552:. He had murdered four women in a 6-day period in February 1942. 2224:'s hanging was the last public execution of a woman in Scotland. 489:

Only six categories of murder were now punishable by execution:

6315: 6051:"Deaths in the Superintendent Registrar's District of Kilkenny" 4802:"Most Britons Support Reinstating the Death Penalty for Murder" 4490:

Death penalty abolished on all British territory – Times Online

4114:"Channel Islands and Isle of Man : executions 1800 - 1959" 2815:

was the last person to be hanged for the murder of a policeman.

2471:

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1922–1964

2444: 2264: 2193: 2069: 1954: 1592: 1577: 1469: 1435: 997:

The last execution on the Isle of Man took place in 1872, when

971: 715: 685:

certain purely military offences under the jurisdiction of the

273: 197: 88: 6011:

Murderess: a study of the women executed in Britain since 1843

5827:

Temple bar, the city Golgotha, by a member of the Inner Temple

2804:

was hanged aged 31, the second to last person to be hanged in

2772:

was hanged aged 53, the penultimate woman executed in Britain.

1706:

were hanged, drawn and quartered for their involvement in the

1095: 6847: 6450:(2, Interpreting the Death Penalty: Spectacles and Debates). 6211: 5883: 4708:"Survey for Channel 4 on attitudes towards the death penalty" 2857: 2761:

and had murdered at least six other women (see also entry on

1771: 721:

failure to suppress a mutiny with intent to assist the enemy.

5799: 5212:"Death Penalty for Murder in course of Robbery and Burglary" 5084:(20 July 1979). "Death penalty rejected by 119 in Commons". 4479:

Turks and Caicos Islands Constitution (Amendment) Order 2002

4361: 3888: 3886: 3586: 3584: 1997:

were hanged and decapitated on the roof of the gatehouse at

589:

by 200 votes to 98. The bill was subsequently passed by the

581:

to suspend the death penalty for murder. It was passed on a

3739:

Photography in and near law courts was criminalised by the

2181:, now believed to have been a serial killer, was hanged at 2153:

for sodomy, the last known execution for sodomy in England.

1200:

school caretaker who killed two 10-year-old girls in 2002.

1109: 991: 612:) for murder for a period of five years, and substituted a 305:; piracy; breaking into houses or ships; destroying ships; 6910:

Resolutions concerning death penalty at the United Nations

5973:"1861: Martin Doyle, the last hanged for attempted murder" 5620: 5618: 4694:"BBC – Will & Testament: Who cares about Ian Huntley?" 4301:"HUMAN RIGHTS ACT 2001 (APPOINTED DAY) (No. 2) ORDER 2006" 3279:

Select Committee on Capital Punishment (9 December 1930).

2213:

was the last person to be hanged for attempted murder, at

1252: 1237:

Also in August 2011, a representative survey conducted by

6276:

Report together with the minutes of evidence and appendix

5992:"Mary Timney: the last woman publicly hanged in Scotland" 5673:

Tail of the Tigress: Views on the Road to Gender Equality

4333:"Taking Liberties: Universal Declaration of Human Rights" 3883: 3771: 3581: 3107:. The Old Bailey Proceedings Online. 2003. Archived from 1818:

was hanged at Tyburn for burglary. His partner-in-crime,

608:

suspended the death penalty in Great Britain (but not in

5184:"Death Penalty for Murder of Police and Prison Officers" 4745:"E-petitions urge MPs to debate return of death penalty" 4662:"Faith Eckersall looks at the capital punishment debate" 4610:"Death penalty 'proper punishment' for some crimes – MP" 3204:

Royal Commission on Capital Punishment (1866) Report §§

2300:

was hanged at Durham Gaol for the murder of her stepson.

2020:. The attorney general in charge of the prosecution was 1927:. His crime was having failed to "do his utmost" at the 1528:

was beheaded the same day for facilitating her adultery.

6535:

A comprehensive site about capital punishment in the UK

5615: 3660:. London: Routledge. pp. 247, 248, 251, 269, 273. 3045:. House of Commons. 9 February 1810. col. 366–374. 2196:; her hanging is notable in part because it influenced 1964:, a counterfeiter, was the last woman in England to be 1120:

Public support for reintroduction of capital punishment

931:

As a legacy from colonial times, several states in the

6279:. Sessional Papers. Vol. HC 1866 (xxi) 1. London. 4727:"Does the public want the death penalty brought back?" 4466:"Amnesty International: Bermuda shows the way forward" 1984:

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, 1801–1922

1808: 1167:

for the murders of two children and a teenager in the

5352:"TV Interview for Channel 4 A plus 4 (Brighton Bomb)" 2659:, the "acid-bath murderer", was hanged at Wandsworth. 2289:. This was the first execution in history to use the 2260:

was the last woman to be hanged in public in Britain.

1822:, was executed for the same burglary five days later. 1358:

403. This would have been aimed at terrorists in the

6251:

A practical treatise on the criminal law of Scotland

5824: 5156:"Death Penalty for Murder by Firearms of Explosives" 5128:"Death Penalty for Terrorism involving loss of life" 3166: 3164: 2708:

were hanged for killing a woman during a robbery in

1796:

was beheaded at the Tower of London for leading the

1513:, but Culpeper's sentence was commuted to beheading. 474:

had created a separate non-capital spying offence.)

3258:, Chichester, West Sussex: Summersdale Publishers, 2318:for the murder of his wife. The execution inspired 1225:and heads the Restore Justice Campaign—launched an 1064:, which abolished capital punishment for murder in 1005:. Capital punishment was not formally abolished by 793:, Aberdeen, for the murder of seaman Thomas Guyan. 6513: 6363:Execution, State and Society in England, 1660–1900 5759: 5572: 5451:"Punishment for Murder of a Police Officer (1994)" 5367:"Punishment for Murder of a Police Officer (1990)" 4585:"Foreign Fighters and the Death Penalty – Hansard" 4560: 4269:"Human Rights Act 2001 (13th Protocol) Order 2004" 3187:Royal Commission on Capital Punishment (1866) pp. 3170:Royal Commission on Capital Punishment (1866) pp. 3139:Forgery, Abolition of Punishment of Death Act 1832 2170:suggested that Sarah Chesham was innocent but the 730:Nevertheless, there remained a working gallows at 593:by 204 votes to 104. Silverman was opposed in the 6302:. In Ross, Jill; Conklin-Akbari, Suzanne (eds.). 3866:"Notts treasures: Britain's last working gallows" 3161: 3028:The Time Traveller's Guide to Elizabethan England 2522:, an Indian independence activist, was hanged at 2364:, the first British murderers convicted based on 1546:for treason after he was found guilty of leading 7337: 6960: 6439: 4781:Petition to retain the ban on Capital Punishment 3788:. Bury Saint Edmunds: Arena Books. p. 287. 3616:"Official Secrets Act 1911 [as enacted]" 3504: 2905:. They were the last people executed in Britain. 1763:by attacking a Spanish outpost during peacetime. 1654:in order to pave the way for a Spanish invasion. 630:Northern Ireland (Emergency Provisions) Act 1973 6443:Historical Reflections / Réflexions Historiques 6273:Royal Commission on Capital Punishment (1866). 5505: 4948:"Restoration of Capital Punishment Bill (1973)" 4659: 3632:"Official Secrets Act 1911 [annotated]" 2946:Execution by firing squad in the United Kingdom 2808:and the third to last to be hanged in Scotland. 2526:. He had assassinated the Indian administrator 6421: 6008: 4920:"Murder Abolition of Death Penalty Act (1969)" 4140:"Human Rights (Amendment) (Jersey) Order 2006" 4051:"Human Rights Act 1998 (Amendment) Order 2004" 3838:"Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) ACT 1965" 3752:"Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965" 3508:Rethinking Children, Violence and Safeguarding 3057:Whigs and Hunters: The Origin of the Black Act 2995: 2582:was hanged at Wandsworth Prison for treachery. 2357:for the murder of an unknown amount of babies. 1576:were beheaded for treason by Jane's successor 485:Homicide Act 1957 offences punishable by death 228:in 1841. In 1861, several acts of Parliament ( 6946: 6560: 5642: 3681: 3679: 3677: 2174:refused an application to pardon her in 2022. 2083:11 August 1828: William Corder was hanged at 962:Although not part of the United Kingdom, the 6466: 6167: 2274:for mass murder. He had participated in the 2142:. The last double public execution of women. 1901:, 'The Gentleman Highwayman', was hanged at 1430:was beheaded on false charges of committing 1259:Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965 606:Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965 6229: 6110:"The cases that changed Britain: 1917–1954" 4558: 4492:, 23 October 2002. (Retrieved 5 June 2016.) 3655: 3498: 3237:, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 3001: 2852:. He was the last person to be executed in 1606:On or around 18 July 1556 on the island of 1300:, interview with 'Aplus4', 15 October 1984 1096:Policy regarding foreign capital punishment 806:, Belfast, for the murder of Pearl Gamble. 264:noted further obsolete capital offences in 6953: 6939: 6567: 6553: 6289:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6174:(Hanged) Court of Appeal 24 February 1998" 5945:"No posthumous pardon for 'Sally Arsenic'" 5864: 5589:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4892:"Murder Abolition of Death Penalty (1969)" 3954: 3674: 3598:; previously "spying for the enemy" under 3256:Execution, a Guide to the Ultimate Penalty 2089:the murder of Maria Marten at the Red Barn 1453:and queen of England, was beheaded at the 1136:bomb which killed 21 people in 1974), the 1056:In 1991, the British government passed an 689:. The last applicable offences (until the 499:while resisting arrest or during an escape 6297: 6247: 5867:The Kenn Hangings of 1830: The Full Story 5723: 3783: 3143: 2033:murder of Prime Minister Spencer Perceval 1650:was executed for plotting to assassinate 1587:was beheaded for treason for leading the 183:Learn how and when to remove this message 7346:Capital punishment in the United Kingdom 6212:Brian P. Block; John Hostettler (1997), 5865:Lilly, Derek B.; Lilly, Jane S. (1994). 5100:"Liability to Capital Punishment (1982)" 4468:. Amnesty International. 7 January 2000. 4375:. Vol. 551. Lords. col. 1601. 4096:"Caribbean severs link to privy council" 3712: 3321:"Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1887" 3071: 3069: 2368:evidence, were hanged at HMP Wandsworth. 2076:after being tried for their part in the 1637:Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland 1628:was beheaded for his involvement in the 1596: 1305:After the Conservatives' victory in the 1188:, who murdered a seven-year-old girl in 556: 226:Substitution of Punishments of Death Act 49:Capital punishment in the United Kingdom 20: 6915:Capital punishment for drug trafficking 6107: 5989: 5818: 5080: 4799: 4093: 3896:. Stephen-stratford.com. Archived from 3086:Harvard Journal of Law & Technology 2548:, the "Blackout Ripper", was hanged at 1563:John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland 1253:Parliamentary debates on reintroduction 1028: 937:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council 826: 529:with the issue regarded as a matter of 7338: 6574: 6197:Block & Hostettler (1997) pp.11–17 6141: 6060:. 17 April 1903. Entry Numbers 193–196 5696: 5669: 5324:"Criminal Justice Bill Lords 1 (1988)" 4382: 3685: 3298:Journal of the Law Society of Scotland 2563:for his involvement in the killing of 2001:for allegedly plotting to assassinate 1355:Criminal Justice and Public Order Bill 1315:Police Federation of England and Wales 908:, the death penalty was abolished for 292:Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1887 262:Royal Commission on Capital Punishment 16:History of the death penalty in the UK 6934: 6548: 5800:Timothy Vance Kaufman-Osborn (2002). 4629:"Our dedication to the death penalty" 4626: 4573:from the original on 12 January 2022. 3810:"Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty)" 3291: 3075: 3066: 3017:". Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). 2478:Edith Thompson and Frederick Bywaters 2038:1 May 1820: Five conspirators of the 1392: 1372: 1215:In August 2011, the Internet blogger 954:Capital punishment in the Isle of Man 947: 769:in Manchester, were executed for the 493:in the course or furtherance of theft 281:Capital Punishment Amendment Act 1868 6920:Capital punishment for homosexuality 6089:. 21 April 1903. Entry Numbers 86–95 5990:Rinaldi, Giancarlo (27 April 2012). 5757: 5729: 5626:"Children & juvenile executions" 5506:Katie Engelhart (30 December 2014). 5487:. House of Commons. 21 February 1994 5459:. House of Commons. 21 February 1994 5431:. House of Commons. 17 December 1990 5403:. House of Commons. 17 December 1990 5375:. House of Commons. 17 December 1990 5012:. House of Commons. 11 December 1975 4984:. House of Commons. 11 December 1974 4900:. House of Commons. 16 December 1969 4872:. House of Commons. 23 November 1966 4724: 4680:"Police ovation for mother of Sarah" 3818:. House of Commons. 16 December 1969 2973:Use of capital punishment by country 2856:, for the murder of Pearl Gamble in 1953:was the last person to be hanged at 1781:was found guilty of high treason by 1572:, queen of England, and her husband 1428:George Boleyn, 2nd Viscount Rochford 165:adding citations to reliable sources 136: 7351:Legal history of the United Kingdom 6248:Macdonald, John Hay Athole (1894). 6230:Hoffman, David; Rowe, John (2010), 5676:. Backdaw Publishing. p. 211. 5004:"Terrorist Offences Penalty (1975)" 4825:Support for death penalty below 50% 4545:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 4417:Office of Public Sector Information 4193:Report by the Bailiwick of Guernsey 3768:"1969: MPs vote to abolish hanging" 2116:for allegedly participating in the 1809:Kingdom of Great Britain, 1707–1801 987:European Convention on Human Rights 921:European Convention on Human Rights 496:by shooting or causing an explosion 363:Children and Young Persons Act 1933 69:European Convention on Human Rights 13: 6514:Ransone, Carol Ann (August 1982). 6354: 6168:Moles, Dr Robert N.; Bibi Sangha. 5869:. Weston-super-Mare: H. Galloway. 5524:. Parliament of the United Kingdom 4928:. House of Lords. 18 December 1969 4094:Bowcott, Owen (15 February 2001). 4024:section 2, repealed in England by 3846:. House of Lords. 18 December 1969 3688:The Journal of Legislative Studies 3602:of the Naval Discipline Act (1866) 3569:. Written Answers. 1 February 1965 1940:Laurence Shirley, 4th Earl Ferrers 1685:Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex 1626:Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk 1286:"I, personally, have always voted 874: 751:England and in the United Kingdom: 745: 533:. These have been instigated by a 337:; incest; sodomy; and bestiality. 333:for performing a marriage without 256:; there were other offences under 14: 7367: 6843:Most recent executions by country 6528: 6023: 5522:"Capital Punishment Bill 2013–14" 5423:"Death Penalty for Murder (1990)" 4956:. House of Commons. 11 April 1973 4800:Canseco, Mario (23 August 2011). 4660:Faith Eckersall (5 August 2011). 4559:Riley-Smith, Ben (22 July 2018). 4363:Cranborne , Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3505:Lorraine Radford (5 April 2012). 2901:in Manchester, for the murder of 1794:James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth 1526:Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford 1033:Like the Crown dependencies, the 520:The 1957 act was the last time a 505:of a prison officer by a prisoner 6375:Parliament of the United Kingdom 6191: 6161: 6135: 6122: 6101: 6072: 6043: 6017: 6002: 5983: 5965: 5937: 5911: 5858: 5833: 5793: 5790:, Rachel Bennett, 2016, pp.94–95 5779: 5751: 5707: 5690: 5663: 5636: 5597: 5566: 5556: 5546: 5536: 5514: 5499: 5471: 5443: 5415: 5387: 5358: 5344: 5316: 5288: 5276:. House of Commons. 1 April 1987 5260: 5248:. House of Commons. 13 July 1983 5232: 5204: 5176: 5148: 5120: 5092: 5074: 5062:. House of Commons. 19 July 1979 5046: 5024: 4383:Benbow, Colin (12 August 1998). 4243:"firedrake.org/drpete/manx2.htm" 4167:"Human Rights (Jersey) Law 2000" 3942:"Executions in Northern Ireland" 3774:. 2005. Retrieved 12 March 2014. 3715:Journal of Language and Politics 3351:Criminal Law (Scotland) Act 1829 3292:Greer, Philippa (18 June 2012). 2439:and several others were shot at 1880:, was hanged at Tyburn and then 1132:(cleared in 1991 of planting an 1013:, who was convicted at the Manx 141: 43: Retains capital punishment 31: Abolished for all offences 6895:Religion and capital punishment 6298:Westerhof, Danielle M. (2013). 6234:(3 ed.), Pearson Longman, 6204: 6142:Dawson, Hannah (9 March 2019). 5894:"1828 - 1836 Public executions" 5484:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 5456:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 5428:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 5400:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 5372:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 5332:. House of Commons. 7 June 1988 5329:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 5304:. House of Commons. 7 June 1988 5301:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 5273:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 5245:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 5220:. House of Commons. 11 May 1982 5217:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 5192:. House of Commons. 11 May 1982 5189:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 5164:. House of Commons. 11 May 1982 5161:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 5136:. House of Commons. 11 May 1982 5133:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 5108:. House of Commons. 11 May 1982 5105:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 5059:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 5009:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 4996: 4981:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 4968: 4953:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 4940: 4925:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 4912: 4897:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 4884: 4869:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 4856: 4842:Redfieldandwiltonstrategies.com 4830: 4818: 4793: 4774: 4755: 4737: 4725:Cafe, Rebecca (4 August 2011). 4718: 4700: 4686: 4672: 4653: 4639: 4627:Welch, Francis (5 April 2011). 4620: 4602: 4577: 4552: 4532: 4520: 4495: 4483: 4472: 4458: 4430: 4405: 4372:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 4352: 4325: 4293: 4261: 4245:. Firedrake.org. Archived from 4235: 4223: 4205: 4186: 4159: 4132: 4106: 4087: 4065: 4043: 4031: 4015: 3993: 3975:"This Death Sentence Was Final" 3967: 3948: 3934: 3912: 3858: 3843:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 3830: 3815:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 3802: 3777: 3761: 3745: 3733: 3706: 3649: 3605: 3566:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 3553: 3541:. House of Commons. 22 May 1940 3538:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 3525: 3489: 3480: 3471: 3462: 3453: 3444: 3435: 3426: 3417: 3408: 3399: 3390: 3381: 3372: 3363: 3281:"The Death Penalty in Scotland" 3269: 3248: 3227: 3218: 3198: 3181: 3042:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 2931:Capital punishment in Singapore 2926:Capital punishment in Hong Kong 2242:, the last public execution in 2172:Criminal Case Review Commission 2053:. Five other conspirators were 1219:—who writes the political blog 541:) rather than on behalf of the 340: 152:needs additional citations for 93:drawing, hanging and quartering 6422:Bailey, Victor (Summer 2000). 6108:Slapper, Gary (23 June 2008). 5479:"Punishment for Murder (1994)" 5395:"Punishment for Murder (1990)" 4647:"Police Killer Could Be Freed" 4213:"Sark abolishes death penalty" 4172:Jersey Legal Information Board 4145:Jersey Legal Information Board 4026:Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1973 3128: 3115: 3097: 3049: 3033: 3020: 3007: 2706:Edward Devlin and Alfred Burns 2453:instigating armed insurrection 1912:was hanged at Gallows Hill in 1746:John Maxwell, 9th Lord Maxwell 1710:, a conspiracy to blow up the 1397: 1313:(Parliamentary adviser to the 1015:Court of General Gaol Delivery 389:over such an unpopular issue. 329:; returning to Scotland after 272:for treason and murder unless 1: 6962:Capital punishment in Europe 6838:Enforcement or use by country 6366:. Cambridge University Press. 5825:James Holbert Wilson (1853). 5766:, Harlow: Pearson Education, 5720:DOI:10.1163/9789004364950_009 4827:, Metro, 27 March 2015, p. 6. 3511:. A&C Black. p. 19. 3059:, London: Allen Lane (1975), 2983: 2957:Murder, Mystery and My Family 2351:Amelia Sach and Annie Walters 2296:24 March 1873: Serial killer 2167:Murder, Mystery and My Family 2112:was hanged on the gallows at 1867:Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat 1639:was beheaded for leading the 1542:was hanged from the walls of 802:, 26, on 20 December 1961 in 696:serious misconduct in action; 515: 457:Defence of the Realm Act 1914 200:by the government) until the 78: 5646:A Grim Almanac of Shropshire 3015:History of the Death Penalty 2988: 2936:Courts of the United Kingdom 2185:for the murder of John Cook. 2016:playing cards with a forged 1977:Wisbech & Fenland Museum 1876:, one of the leaders of the 1509:. Both were sentenced to be 1415:for refusing to acknowledge 1035:British overseas territories 958:Capital punishment in Jersey 718:or incitement to mutiny; and 552: 7: 6765:Hanged, drawn and quartered 6320:University of Toronto Press 6148:The Manchester Evening News 6013:. Joseph. pp. 151–154. 5762:Charles I: A Political Life 5697:Butler, Sir Thomas (1861). 5630:www.capitalpunishmentuk.org 5573:Butler, Sir Thomas (1861). 5296:"Capital Punishment (1988)" 5054:"Capital Punishment (1979)" 4976:"Capital Punishment (1974)" 4864:"Capital Punishment (1966)" 4367:"The Dependent Territories" 3955:Ian Cobain (21 June 2012). 3894:"Last executions in the UK" 3784:Twitchell, Neville (2012). 2909: 2340:Joseph Taylor and Mary Daly 1855:, was hanged at Knavesmire. 1565:, was beheaded for treason. 1511:hanged, drawn and quartered 1369:. This Bill was withdrawn. 1257:After Royal Assent for the 902:Crime and Disorder Act 1998 789:, 21, on 15 August 1963 in 680:Crime and Disorder Act 1998 670:Crime and Disorder Act 1998 315:beating and cursing parents 202:Judgement of Death Act 1823 37: Abolished in practice 10: 7372: 6172:R v Mahmoud Hussein Mattan 4790:, epetitions.direct.gov.uk 4771:, epetitions.direct.gov.uk 4762:Restore Capital Punishment 3944:. capitalpunishmentuk.org. 3758:. Retrieved 12 March 2014. 3495:Macdonald 1894 p. 204 n. 6 3486:Macdonald 1894 p. 204 n. 3 3477:Macdonald 1894 p. 204 n. 1 3468:Macdonald 1894 p. 199 n. 2 3459:Macdonald 1894 p. 171 n. 2 3450:Macdonald 1894 p. 168 n. 2 3441:Macdonald 1894 p. 165 n. 7 3432:Macdonald 1894 p. 162 n. 8 3423:Macdonald 1894 p. 118 n. 1 3414:Macdonald 1894 p. 114 n. 3 3254:Abbott, Geoffrey (2005) , 2571:Patrick Murphy during the 2389:8 September 1914: Private 2362:Albert and Alfred Stratton 2325:The Ballad of Reading Gaol 2147:James Pratt and John Smith 2114:St. Mary's Street, Cardiff 1844:and thus aiding criminals. 951: 944:, to speed up executions. 942:Caribbean Court of Justice 392: 59:, and took place in 1964; 7317: 7269: 7231: 6968: 6830: 6642: 6582: 6483:10.1017/S0018246X98008334 6360:Devereaux, Simon (2023). 4198:27 September 2011 at the 3922:. Capitalpunishmentuk.org 3920:"Capitalpunishmentuk.org" 3741:Criminal Justice Act 1925 3700:10.1080/13572339808420554 3658:Adventures in criminology 3592:Naval Discipline Act 1957 3405:Macdonald 1894 p. 69 n. 5 3396:Macdonald 1894 p. 69 n. 3 3387:Macdonald 1894 p. 57 n. 3 3378:Macdonald 1894 p. 55 n. 8 3369:Macdonald 1894 p. 51 n. 2 3135:Coinage Offences Act 1832 2565:Royal Ulster Constabulary 2511:, a nurse, was hanged at 2312:Charles Thomas Wooldridge 2203:Tess of the D'Urbervilles 2164:. In 2019, an episode of 1949:3 April 1783: Highwayman 1360:Northern Ireland conflict 1239:Angus Reid Public Opinion 1173:murder of three policemen 883:abolished the offence of 472:Official Secrets Act 1911 468:Naval Discipline Act 1957 383:Criminal Justice Act 1948 260:. The 1866 report of the 132: 6584:Current judicial methods 6346:10.3138/9781442661387.12 6132:but in particular p. 19. 5576:The Cambrian Journal, 49 3786:The Politics of the Rope 3076:Manta, Irina D. (2011). 2236:Edward William Pritchard 2149:were hanged in front of 2055:transported to Australia 1585:Thomas Wyatt the Younger 1156:was quashed on appeal). 1114:Syrian Democratic Forces 1100:Under section 94 of the 1082:Turks and Caicos Islands 885:arson in royal dockyards 881:Criminal Damage Act 1971 771:murder of John Alan West 645:Criminal Damage Act 1971 285:beheading and quartering 250:arson in royal dockyards 6030:capitalpunishmentuk.org 6009:Patrick Wilson (1971). 5898:Capitalpunishmentuk.org 5703:. R. Mason. p. 11. 5354:. margaretthatcher.org. 4786:13 October 2011 at the 4767:3 February 2013 at the 3756:UK Statute Law Database 3533:"Treachery Bill (1940)" 3235:Chartism: A New History 3233:Chase, Malcolm (2007), 3157:. watersidepress.co.uk. 3002:Hoffman & Rowe 2010 2386:for poisoning his wife. 2382:was hanged in London's 2344:Ireland was partitioned 2283:William Frederick Horry 2005:and launch an uprising. 1816:Joseph "Blueskin" Blake 906:Lord Archer of Sandwell 736:National Justice Museum 705:obstructing operations; 650:spying in ships of the 431:miscarriages of justice 405:, instead set up a new 7011:Bosnia and Herzegovina 6522:University of Richmond 6470:The Historical Journal 6432:Law and History Review 5923:Yorkshire Evening Post 5758:Cust, Richard (2005), 5670:deVire, David (2016). 5643:Samantha Lyon (2013). 5268:"Death Penalty (1987)" 5240:"Death Penalty (1983)" 4807:. ARPO. Archived from 4230:UN Human Rights report 4028:(c. 39), Sch. 1 Pt. V. 3727:10.1075/jlp.11.4.03fla 2878:was hanged aged 21 at 2731:seaman, was hanged in 2725:Mahmood Hussein Mattan 2720:as they were executed. 2338:7 and 9 January 1903: 2190:Elizabeth Martha Brown 2096:Burke and Hare murders 2040:Cato Street Conspiracy 1993:and six others in the 1842:receiving stolen goods 1602: 1524:. Her lady-in-waiting 1293: 1070:British Virgin Islands 966:and the bailiwicks of 935:still had the British 773:on 7 April that year. 566: 45: 6328:10.3138/9781442661387 6258:Harry Potter (1993), 5716:by Sara M. Butler in 5649:. The History Press. 5579:. London. p. 89. 4682:. thefreelibrary.com. 4589:hansard.parliament.uk 4529:at legislation.gov.uk 4075:. conventions.coe.int 3561:"Executions 1 (1965)" 2963:Shot at Dawn Memorial 2380:Hawley Harvey Crippen 2276:Clerkenwell explosion 1999:Horsemonger Lane Gaol 1761:1604 Treaty of London 1757:Palace of Westminster 1669:and replace her with 1657:20–21 December 1586: 1600: 1574:Lord Guildford Dudley 1387:UK Independence Party 1330:Criminal Justice Bill 1307:1979 general election 1284: 1038:recently been legal. 983:Francis Joseph Huchet 952:Further information: 926:Human Rights Act 1998 892:Armed Forces Act 1981 691:Human Rights Act 1998 660:Armed Forces Act 1981 595:General Election 1966 579:Private Member's Bill 560: 539:private member's bill 309:; certain classes of 24: 7356:English criminal law 6322:. pp. 177–192. 6262:, London, SCM Press 4385:"The yawn of August" 4003:. legislation.gov.uk 3294:"From death to life" 2951:List of executioners 2941:English criminal law 2844:, 25, was hanged in 2829:, 19, was hanged in 1755:was beheaded at the 1678:Mary, Queen of Scots 1671:Mary, Queen of Scots 1648:Francis Throckmorton 1610:, the infant son of 1102:Extradition Act 2003 1029:Overseas territories 914:piracy with violence 827:Last death sentences 666:piracy with violence 254:piracy with violence 161:improve this article 7232:States with limited 6728:Republican marriage 6657:Damnatio ad bestias 6435:. pp. 305–349. 6216:, Waterside Press, 6178:Networked Knowledge 5043:, minutes 20:19–ff. 4395:on 5 October 1999. 4365:(9 February 1994). 4313:on 18 December 2008 4281:on 18 December 2008 4232:para. 46, Unhchr.ch 3900:on 9 September 2010 3125:, OUP, Oxford, 1994 3121:Gatrell, V. A. C., 2887:Peter Anthony Allen 2806:HM Prison Barlinnie 2600:, better known as " 2528:Sir Michael O'Dwyer 2513:Winson Green Prison 2509:Dorothea Waddingham 2486:Pentonville Prisons 2406:George Joseph Smith 2134:10 August 1835 The 2031:was hanged for the 1966:burned at the stake 1802:James II of England 1641:Rising of the North 1419:as the head of the 1108:British members of 755:Peter Anthony Allen 753:on 13 August 1964, 700:assisting the enemy 502:of a police officer 387:Parliament Act 1911 85:Elizabethan England 6900:Wrongful execution 6812:Suffocation in ash 6668:Blowing from a gun 6576:Capital punishment 6417:Journal articles: 5845:Capital Punishment 4814:on 19 August 2012. 4714:. 28 October 2009. 4649:. nnet-server.com. 4219:. 21 January 2004. 3979:True Crime Library 3325:legislation.gov.uk 3030:, 2013, pp 302-305 2978:Wrongful execution 2968:Christopher Simcox 2899:Strangeways Prison 2893:in Liverpool, and 2880:Craiginches Prison 2840:20 December 1961: 2825:22 December 1960: 2818:10 November 1960: 2768:13 December 1954: 2723:3 September 1952: 2643:Broadmoor Hospital 2625:27 February 1947: 2585:19 December 1945: 2559:was hanged in the 2555:2 September 1942: 2524:Pentonville Prison 2384:Pentonville Prison 2378:23 November 1910: 2355:HM Prison Holloway 2227:14 November 1864: 2183:HM Prison Stafford 2145:27 November 1835: 2060:8 September 1820: 2008:13 November 1805: 1989:21 February 1803: 1825:16 November 1724: 1814:11 November 1724: 1798:Monmouth Rebellion 1766:23 February 1629: 1759:for violating the 1683:25 February 1601: 1603: 1568:12 February 1554: 1516:13 February 1542: 1497:10 December 1541: 1393:Notable executions 1373:Parties in support 976:Crown dependencies 948:Crown dependencies 791:Craiginches Prison 787:Henry John Burnett 767:Strangeways Prison 761:in Liverpool, and 658:abroad (until the 656:its establishments 614:mandatory sentence 567: 461:Treachery Act 1940 311:malicious mischief 215:powers of attorney 103:, speaking to the 61:capital punishment 46: 7333: 7332: 6928: 6927: 6905:Botched execution 6241:978-1-4058-7403-8 6223:978-1-872870-47-2 6087:irishgenealogy.ie 6058:irishgenealogy.ie 5979:. 27 August 2019. 5977:ExecutedToday.com 5811:978-0-472-08890-4 5773:978-0-582-07034-9 5031:Thames Television 3795:978-1-906791-98-8 3770:. "On This Day". 3634:. s. 1(1) note F2 3518:978-1-84706-558-2 3111:on 10 March 2007. 2921:Gallows hemp rope 2895:Gwynne Owen Evans 2846:Crumlin Road Gaol 2842:Robert McGladdery 2811:5 November 1959: 2788:Homicide Act 1957 2770:Styllou Christofi 2748:Christopher Craig 2744:Wandsworth Prison 2738:28 January 1953: 2668:North West London 2657:John George Haigh 2648:12 January 1949: 2641:and committed to 2639:guilty but insane 2618:16 October 1946: 2591:Wandsworth Prison 2580:Duncan Scott-Ford 2578:3 November 1942: 2573:Northern Campaign 2561:Crumlin Road Gaol 2550:Wandsworth Prison 2492:10 October 1923: 2437:Seán Mac Diarmada 2349:3 February 1903: 2044:cabinet ministers 1929:Battle of Minorca 1777:30 January 1649: 1751:29 October 1618: 1721:31 January 1606: 1714:in order to kill 1694:30 January 1606: 1676:8 February 1587: 1659:Anthony Babington 1538:7 December 1549: 1449:, second wife of 1421:Church of England 1403:6 July 1535: Sir 1379:British Democrats 1344:Margaret Thatcher 1298:Margaret Thatcher 1165:life imprisonment 1051:a 1990 referendum 832:Northern Ireland: 804:Crumlin Road Gaol 800:Robert McGladdery 797:Northern Ireland: 763:Gwynne Owen Evans 618:life imprisonment 479:Homicide Act 1957 347:Children Act 1908 234:England and Wales 230:24 & 25 Vict. 193: 192: 185: 127:benefit of clergy 7363: 7270:Dependencies and 6969:Sovereign states 6955: 6948: 6941: 6932: 6931: 6614:Nitrogen hypoxia 6609:Lethal injection 6569: 6562: 6555: 6546: 6545: 6519: 6510: 6463: 6436: 6428: 6349: 6306:(1st ed.). 6294: 6288: 6280: 6255: 6244: 6226: 6198: 6195: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6184: 6165: 6159: 6158: 6156: 6154: 6139: 6133: 6126: 6120: 6119: 6105: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6094: 6084: 6076: 6070: 6069: 6067: 6065: 6055: 6047: 6041: 6040: 6038: 6036: 6024:Clark, Richard. 6021: 6015: 6014: 6006: 6000: 5999: 5987: 5981: 5980: 5969: 5963: 5962: 5960: 5958: 5941: 5935: 5934: 5932: 5930: 5915: 5909: 5908: 5906: 5904: 5890: 5881: 5880: 5862: 5856: 5855: 5853: 5851: 5837: 5831: 5830: 5822: 5816: 5815: 5797: 5791: 5783: 5777: 5776: 5765: 5755: 5749: 5748: 5727: 5721: 5711: 5705: 5704: 5694: 5688: 5687: 5667: 5661: 5660: 5640: 5634: 5633: 5622: 5613: 5612: 5611:. 19 March 2010. 5601: 5595: 5594: 5588: 5580: 5570: 5564: 5560: 5554: 5550: 5544: 5540: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5518: 5512: 5511: 5503: 5497: 5496: 5494: 5492: 5475: 5469: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5447: 5441: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5391: 5385: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5362: 5356: 5355: 5348: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5337: 5320: 5314: 5313: 5311: 5309: 5292: 5286: 5285: 5283: 5281: 5264: 5258: 5257: 5255: 5253: 5236: 5230: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5208: 5202: 5201: 5199: 5197: 5180: 5174: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5152: 5146: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5124: 5118: 5117: 5115: 5113: 5096: 5090: 5089: 5078: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5050: 5044: 5037: 5028: 5022: 5021: 5019: 5017: 5000: 4994: 4993: 4991: 4989: 4972: 4966: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4944: 4938: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4916: 4910: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4888: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4860: 4854: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4834: 4828: 4822: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4806: 4797: 4791: 4778: 4772: 4759: 4753: 4752: 4751:. 4 August 2011. 4741: 4735: 4734: 4722: 4716: 4715: 4704: 4698: 4697: 4690: 4684: 4683: 4676: 4670: 4669: 4666:Bournemouth Echo 4657: 4651: 4650: 4643: 4637: 4636: 4624: 4618: 4617: 4616:. 2 August 2011. 4606: 4600: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4581: 4575: 4574: 4564: 4556: 4550: 4549: 4536: 4530: 4524: 4518: 4517: 4515: 4513: 4499: 4493: 4487: 4481: 4476: 4470: 4469: 4462: 4456: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4442: 4434: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4409: 4403: 4399: 4391:. Archived from 4379: 4356: 4350: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4329: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4312: 4306:. Archived from 4305: 4297: 4291: 4290: 4288: 4286: 4280: 4274:. Archived from 4273: 4265: 4259: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4239: 4233: 4227: 4221: 4220: 4209: 4203: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4163: 4157: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4136: 4130: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4116:. Archived from 4110: 4104: 4103: 4091: 4085: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4069: 4063: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4047: 4041: 4035: 4029: 4022:Treason Act 1814 4019: 4013: 4012: 4010: 4008: 3997: 3991: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3971: 3965: 3964: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3938: 3932: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3916: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3890: 3881: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3834: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3806: 3800: 3799: 3781: 3775: 3765: 3759: 3749: 3743: 3737: 3731: 3730: 3710: 3704: 3703: 3683: 3672: 3671: 3653: 3647: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3609: 3603: 3588: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3557: 3551: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3529: 3523: 3522: 3502: 3496: 3493: 3487: 3484: 3478: 3475: 3469: 3466: 3460: 3457: 3451: 3448: 3442: 3439: 3433: 3430: 3424: 3421: 3415: 3412: 3406: 3403: 3397: 3394: 3388: 3385: 3379: 3376: 3370: 3367: 3361: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3316: 3311: 3309: 3288: 3273: 3267: 3252: 3246: 3231: 3225: 3222: 3216: 3202: 3196: 3185: 3179: 3168: 3159: 3158: 3147: 3141: 3132: 3126: 3123:The Hanging Tree 3119: 3113: 3112: 3101: 3095: 3094: 3082: 3073: 3064: 3055:Thompson. E.P., 3053: 3047: 3046: 3037: 3031: 3024: 3018: 3011: 3005: 2999: 2885:13 August 1964: 2874:15 August 1963: 2854:Northern Ireland 2835:Barlinnie Prison 2655:10 August 1949: 2613:Theodore Schurch 2611:4 January 1946: 2606:British passport 2596:3 January 1946: 2533:15 August 1941: 2499:3 January 1931: 2476:9 January 1923: 2410:Maidstone Prison 2404:13 August 1915: 2371:14 August 1907: 2291:long drop method 2270:was executed at 2209:27 August 1861: 2108:13 August 1831: 2068:were hanged and 2022:Spencer Perceval 1962:Catherine Murphy 1933:Seven Years' War 1910:Alexander Geddes 1897:3 October 1750: 1874:Thomas Kingsmill 1783:59 commissioners 1735:Ambrose Rookwood 1635:22 August 1572: 1561:22 August 1553: 1548:Kett's Rebellion 1518:Catherine Howard 1507:Catherine Howard 1481:hanged in chains 1438:with his sister 1367:Philip Hollobone 1301: 1112:captured by the 1058:Order in Council 1047:Richard Sharples 610:Northern Ireland 587:House of Commons 575:Sydney Silverman 563:Frederick Seddon 545:or the official 419:lethal injection 407:royal commission 403:James Chuter Ede 355:select committee 276:by the monarch. 188: 181: 177: 174: 168: 145: 137: 105:House of Commons 42: 36: 30: 7371: 7370: 7366: 7365: 7364: 7362: 7361: 7360: 7336: 7335: 7334: 7329: 7313: 7271: 7265: 7251:Northern Cyprus 7233: 7227: 7143:North Macedonia 6964: 6959: 6929: 6924: 6890:List of methods 6875:Final statement 6826: 6647: 6645: 6638: 6578: 6573: 6531: 6426: 6357: 6355:Further reading 6352: 6338: 6282: 6281: 6242: 6224: 6207: 6202: 6201: 6196: 6192: 6182: 6180: 6166: 6162: 6152: 6150: 6140: 6136: 6127: 6123: 6106: 6102: 6092: 6090: 6082: 6078: 6077: 6073: 6063: 6061: 6053: 6049: 6048: 6044: 6034: 6032: 6022: 6018: 6007: 6003: 5988: 5984: 5971: 5970: 5966: 5956: 5954: 5953:. 25 April 2022 5943: 5942: 5938: 5928: 5926: 5917: 5916: 5912: 5902: 5900: 5892: 5891: 5884: 5877: 5863: 5859: 5849: 5847: 5839: 5838: 5834: 5823: 5819: 5812: 5798: 5794: 5784: 5780: 5774: 5756: 5752: 5728: 5724: 5712: 5708: 5695: 5691: 5684: 5668: 5664: 5657: 5641: 5637: 5624: 5623: 5616: 5605:"Alice Glaston" 5603: 5602: 5598: 5582: 5581: 5571: 5567: 5561: 5557: 5551: 5547: 5541: 5537: 5527: 5525: 5520: 5519: 5515: 5504: 5500: 5490: 5488: 5477: 5476: 5472: 5462: 5460: 5449: 5448: 5444: 5434: 5432: 5421: 5420: 5416: 5406: 5404: 5393: 5392: 5388: 5378: 5376: 5365: 5363: 5359: 5350: 5349: 5345: 5335: 5333: 5322: 5321: 5317: 5307: 5305: 5294: 5293: 5289: 5279: 5277: 5266: 5265: 5261: 5251: 5249: 5238: 5237: 5233: 5223: 5221: 5210: 5209: 5205: 5195: 5193: 5182: 5181: 5177: 5167: 5165: 5154: 5153: 5149: 5139: 5137: 5126: 5125: 5121: 5111: 5109: 5098: 5097: 5093: 5079: 5075: 5065: 5063: 5052: 5051: 5047: 5035: 5029: 5025: 5015: 5013: 5002: 5001: 4997: 4987: 4985: 4974: 4973: 4969: 4959: 4957: 4946: 4945: 4941: 4931: 4929: 4918: 4917: 4913: 4903: 4901: 4890: 4889: 4885: 4875: 4873: 4862: 4861: 4857: 4847: 4845: 4836: 4835: 4831: 4823: 4819: 4811: 4804: 4798: 4794: 4788:Wayback Machine 4779: 4775: 4769:Wayback Machine 4760: 4756: 4743: 4742: 4738: 4723: 4719: 4706: 4705: 4701: 4692: 4691: 4687: 4678: 4677: 4673: 4658: 4654: 4645: 4644: 4640: 4625: 4621: 4608: 4607: 4603: 4593: 4591: 4583: 4582: 4578: 4557: 4553: 4548:. 23 July 2018. 4538: 4537: 4533: 4525: 4521: 4511: 4509: 4507:The Independent 4501: 4500: 4496: 4488: 4484: 4477: 4473: 4464: 4463: 4459: 4449: 4447: 4440: 4436: 4435: 4431: 4421: 4419: 4411: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4357: 4353: 4343: 4341: 4338:British Library 4331: 4330: 4326: 4316: 4314: 4310: 4303: 4299: 4298: 4294: 4284: 4282: 4278: 4271: 4267: 4266: 4262: 4252: 4250: 4249:on 2 March 2008 4241: 4240: 4236: 4228: 4224: 4211: 4210: 4206: 4200:Wayback Machine 4191: 4187: 4177: 4175: 4165: 4164: 4160: 4150: 4148: 4138: 4137: 4133: 4123: 4121: 4112: 4111: 4107: 4092: 4088: 4078: 4076: 4073:"13th Protocol" 4071: 4070: 4066: 4056: 4054: 4049: 4048: 4044: 4036: 4032: 4020: 4016: 4006: 4004: 3999: 3998: 3994: 3984: 3982: 3973: 3972: 3968: 3953: 3949: 3940: 3939: 3935: 3925: 3923: 3918: 3917: 3913: 3903: 3901: 3892: 3891: 3884: 3874: 3872: 3864: 3863: 3859: 3849: 3847: 3836: 3835: 3831: 3821: 3819: 3808: 3807: 3803: 3796: 3782: 3778: 3766: 3762: 3750: 3746: 3738: 3734: 3711: 3707: 3684: 3675: 3668: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3637: 3635: 3630: 3621: 3619: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3589: 3582: 3572: 3570: 3559: 3558: 3554: 3544: 3542: 3531: 3530: 3526: 3519: 3503: 3499: 3494: 3490: 3485: 3481: 3476: 3472: 3467: 3463: 3458: 3454: 3449: 3445: 3440: 3436: 3431: 3427: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3409: 3404: 3400: 3395: 3391: 3386: 3382: 3377: 3373: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3341: 3339: 3319: 3307: 3305: 3274: 3270: 3253: 3249: 3232: 3228: 3223: 3219: 3203: 3199: 3186: 3182: 3169: 3162: 3155:Waterside Press 3149: 3148: 3144: 3133: 3129: 3120: 3116: 3103: 3102: 3098: 3080: 3074: 3067: 3054: 3050: 3039: 3038: 3034: 3026:Mortimer, Ian, 3025: 3021: 3012: 3008: 3000: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2912: 2820:Francis Forsyth 2813:Guenther Podola 2704:25 April 1952: 2699:Court of Appeal 2689:28 March 1950: 2684:Court of Appeal 2539:Tower of London 2507:16 April 1936: 2473: 2458:3 August 1916: 2441:Kilmainham Gaol 2425:Joseph Plunkett 2415:3–12 May 1916: 2391:Thomas Highgate 2298:Mary Ann Cotton 2268:Michael Barrett 2220:29 April 1862: 2188:9 August 1856: 2156:25 March 1851: 2123:21 March 1834: 2085:Bury St Edmunds 2029:John Bellingham 2012:was hanged for 2010:Richard Harding 2003:King George III 1986: 1960:18 March 1789: 1919:14 March 1757: 1872:26 April 1748: 1860:Kennington Park 1811: 1646:July 1584: Sir 1617:21 March 1556: 1612:Perotine Massey 1589:Wyatt Rebellion 1583:11 April 1554: 1556:Wymondham Abbey 1531:13 April 1546: 1522:Thomas Culpeper 1503:Francis Dereham 1499:Thomas Culpeper 1488:Thomas Cromwell 1455:Tower of London 1400: 1395: 1375: 1311:Eldon Griffiths 1303: 1295: 1255: 1182:Peter Sutcliffe 1142:Stephen Downing 1122: 1098: 1031: 1023:contract murder 1001:was hanged for 960: 950: 877: 875:Final abolition 829: 748: 746:Last executions 626:James Callaghan 555: 522:three-line whip 518: 487: 395: 343: 323:aggravated rape 189: 178: 172: 169: 158: 146: 135: 81: 44: 40: 38: 34: 32: 28: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7369: 7359: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7331: 7330: 7328: 7327: 7325:European Union 7321: 7319: 7318:Other entities 7315: 7314: 7312: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7275: 7273: 7272:other entities 7267: 7266: 7264: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7237: 7235: 7229: 7228: 7226: 7225: 7220: 7218:United Kingdom 7215: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7031:Czech Republic 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6972: 6970: 6966: 6965: 6958: 6957: 6950: 6943: 6935: 6926: 6925: 6923: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6871: 6870: 6865: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6834: 6832: 6831:Related topics 6828: 6827: 6825: 6824: 6819: 6817:Upright jerker 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6731: 6730: 6720: 6715: 6713:Disembowelment 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6683:Breaking wheel 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6652: 6650: 6646:Post-classical 6640: 6639: 6637: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6605: 6604: 6594: 6588: 6586: 6580: 6579: 6572: 6571: 6564: 6557: 6549: 6543: 6542: 6537: 6530: 6529:External links 6527: 6526: 6525: 6511: 6477:(1): 233–249. 6464: 6452:Berghahn Books 6437: 6415: 6414: 6407: 6400: 6393: 6386: 6368: 6367: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6350: 6336: 6295: 6270: 6256: 6245: 6240: 6227: 6222: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6200: 6199: 6190: 6160: 6134: 6121: 6100: 6071: 6042: 6016: 6001: 5982: 5964: 5936: 5925:. 3 April 2019 5910: 5882: 5875: 5857: 5832: 5817: 5810: 5792: 5778: 5772: 5750: 5722: 5706: 5689: 5682: 5662: 5655: 5635: 5614: 5596: 5565: 5555: 5545: 5535: 5513: 5498: 5470: 5442: 5414: 5386: 5357: 5343: 5315: 5287: 5259: 5231: 5203: 5175: 5147: 5119: 5091: 5082:Hoggart, Simon 5073: 5045: 5023: 4995: 4967: 4939: 4911: 4883: 4855: 4844:. 7 April 2021 4829: 4817: 4792: 4773: 4754: 4736: 4717: 4699: 4685: 4671: 4652: 4638: 4619: 4601: 4576: 4551: 4531: 4519: 4494: 4482: 4471: 4457: 4429: 4404: 4401: 4400: 4380: 4358: 4351: 4324: 4292: 4260: 4234: 4222: 4204: 4185: 4158: 4131: 4120:on 8 June 2007 4105: 4086: 4064: 4042: 4030: 4014: 3992: 3981:. 18 June 2012 3966: 3947: 3933: 3911: 3882: 3857: 3829: 3801: 3794: 3776: 3760: 3744: 3732: 3721:(4): 521–542. 3705: 3673: 3666: 3648: 3645: 3644: 3628: 3611: 3604: 3580: 3552: 3524: 3517: 3497: 3488: 3479: 3470: 3461: 3452: 3443: 3434: 3425: 3416: 3407: 3398: 3389: 3380: 3371: 3362: 3359: 3358: 3348: 3317: 3289: 3275: 3268: 3247: 3226: 3217: 3197: 3180: 3160: 3142: 3127: 3114: 3096: 3065: 3048: 3032: 3019: 3006: 2993: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2981: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2911: 2908: 2907: 2906: 2903:John Alan West 2889:was hanged at 2883: 2872: 2867:was hanged at 2865:James Hanratty 2863:4 April 1962: 2861: 2838: 2827:Anthony Miller 2823: 2816: 2809: 2800:11 July 1958: 2798: 2791: 2782:23 July 1957: 2780: 2775:13 July 1955: 2773: 2766: 2753:15 July 1953: 2751: 2742:was hanged at 2736: 2721: 2702: 2693:was hanged at 2687: 2662:9 March 1950: 2660: 2653: 2650:Margaret Allen 2646: 2629:was hanged in 2627:Walter Rowland 2623: 2616: 2609: 2594: 2583: 2576: 2569:police officer 2553: 2546:Gordon Cummins 2544:25 June 1942: 2542: 2531: 2518:31 July 1940: 2516: 2505: 2497: 2490: 2480:, in London's 2472: 2469: 2468: 2467: 2460:Roger Casement 2456: 2433:James Connolly 2417:Patrick Pearse 2413: 2408:was hanged in 2402: 2387: 2376: 2369: 2358: 2347: 2336: 2331:19 July 1899: 2329: 2314:was hanged at 2308: 2303:10 June 1896: 2301: 2294: 2287:Lincoln Castle 2285:was hanged at 2281:1 April 1872: 2279: 2272:Newgate Prison 2261: 2258:Frances Kidder 2256:2 April 1868: 2254: 2247: 2238:was hanged on 2234:28 July 1865: 2232: 2225: 2218: 2207: 2186: 2179:William Palmer 2177:14 June 1856: 2175: 2154: 2151:Newgate Prison 2143: 2140:Norwich Castle 2136:Burnham Market 2132: 2127:was hanged in 2121: 2118:Merthyr Rising 2106: 2103:Kenn, Somerset 2099: 2092: 2091:a year before. 2081: 2058: 2051:Lord Liverpool 2048:Prime Minister 2036: 2025: 2006: 1991:Edward Despard 1985: 1982: 1981: 1980: 1969: 1958: 1947: 1936: 1917: 1908:21 June 1751: 1906: 1903:Tyburn, London 1899:James MacLaine 1895: 1888: 1878:Hawkhurst Gang 1870: 1865:9 April 1747: 1863: 1856: 1847:7 April 1739: 1845: 1834: 1823: 1810: 1807: 1806: 1805: 1792:15 July 1685: 1790: 1779:King Charles I 1775: 1764: 1753:Walter Raleigh 1749: 1742: 1739:Thomas Wintour 1719: 1712:House of Lords 1708:Gunpowder Plot 1696:Robert Wintour 1692: 1681: 1674: 1655: 1644: 1633: 1622: 1619:Thomas Cranmer 1615: 1604: 1581: 1570:Lady Jane Grey 1566: 1559: 1544:Norwich Castle 1536: 1529: 1514: 1495: 1492:Anne of Cleves 1486:28 July 1540: 1484: 1475:12 July 1537: 1473: 1462: 1443: 1424: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1374: 1371: 1341:Prime Minister 1319:Edward Gardner 1289: 1283: 1254: 1251: 1231:Downing Street 1198:Cambridgeshire 1138:Guildford Four 1130:Birmingham Six 1121: 1118: 1097: 1094: 1074:Cayman Islands 1030: 1027: 949: 946: 904:, proposed by 876: 873: 828: 825: 747: 744: 732:HMP Wandsworth 725: 724: 723: 722: 719: 713: 706: 703: 697: 683: 673: 663: 648: 622:Home Secretary 591:House of Lords 554: 551: 537:(by motion or 517: 514: 510: 509: 506: 503: 500: 497: 494: 486: 483: 415:gas inhalation 411:electric chair 399:Home Secretary 394: 391: 379:House of Lords 371:Harold Wilkins 342: 339: 191: 190: 149: 147: 140: 134: 131: 114:Whig oligarchy 101:Samuel Romilly 80: 77: 73:European Union 53:United Kingdom 39: 33: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7368: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7343: 7341: 7326: 7323: 7322: 7320: 7316: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7284:Faroe Islands 7282: 7280: 7277: 7276: 7274: 7268: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7256:South Ossetia 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7238: 7236: 7230: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7103:Liechtenstein 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6973: 6971: 6967: 6963: 6956: 6951: 6949: 6944: 6942: 6937: 6936: 6933: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6869: 6868:Scharfrichter 6866: 6864: 6861: 6860: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6829: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6787: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6729: 6726: 6725: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6718:Dismemberment 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6658: 6654: 6653: 6651: 6649: 6641: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6619:Electrocution 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6603: 6600: 6599: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6570: 6565: 6563: 6558: 6556: 6551: 6550: 6547: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6532: 6523: 6517: 6512: 6508: 6504: 6500: 6496: 6492: 6488: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6471: 6465: 6461: 6457: 6453: 6449: 6445: 6444: 6438: 6434: 6433: 6425: 6420: 6419: 6418: 6412: 6408: 6405: 6401: 6398: 6394: 6391: 6387: 6384: 6380: 6379: 6378: 6376: 6372: 6365: 6364: 6359: 6358: 6347: 6343: 6339: 6337:9781442661387 6333: 6329: 6325: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6296: 6292: 6286: 6278: 6277: 6271: 6269: 6268:0-334-02533-8 6265: 6261: 6257: 6253: 6252: 6246: 6243: 6237: 6233: 6228: 6225: 6219: 6215: 6210: 6209: 6194: 6179: 6175: 6173: 6164: 6149: 6145: 6138: 6131: 6125: 6117: 6116: 6111: 6104: 6088: 6081: 6075: 6059: 6052: 6046: 6031: 6027: 6020: 6012: 6005: 5997: 5993: 5986: 5978: 5974: 5968: 5952: 5951: 5946: 5940: 5924: 5920: 5914: 5899: 5895: 5889: 5887: 5878: 5876:1-873931-23-9 5872: 5868: 5861: 5846: 5842: 5836: 5828: 5821: 5813: 5807: 5803: 5796: 5789: 5788: 5782: 5775: 5769: 5764: 5763: 5754: 5746: 5742: 5738: 5737: 5732: 5731:Hale, Matthew 5726: 5719: 5715: 5710: 5702: 5701: 5693: 5685: 5683:9780995457614 5679: 5675: 5674: 5666: 5658: 5656:9780752489445 5652: 5648: 5647: 5639: 5631: 5627: 5621: 5619: 5610: 5609:wordpress.com 5606: 5600: 5592: 5586: 5578: 5577: 5569: 5563: 5559: 5553: 5549: 5543: 5539: 5523: 5517: 5509: 5502: 5486: 5485: 5480: 5474: 5458: 5457: 5452: 5446: 5430: 5429: 5424: 5418: 5402: 5401: 5396: 5390: 5374: 5373: 5368: 5361: 5353: 5347: 5331: 5330: 5325: 5319: 5303: 5302: 5297: 5291: 5275: 5274: 5269: 5263: 5247: 5246: 5241: 5235: 5219: 5218: 5213: 5207: 5191: 5190: 5185: 5179: 5163: 5162: 5157: 5151: 5135: 5134: 5129: 5123: 5107: 5106: 5101: 5095: 5087: 5083: 5077: 5061: 5060: 5055: 5049: 5042: 5038: 5032: 5027: 5011: 5010: 5005: 4999: 4983: 4982: 4977: 4971: 4955: 4954: 4949: 4943: 4927: 4926: 4921: 4915: 4899: 4898: 4893: 4887: 4871: 4870: 4865: 4859: 4843: 4839: 4833: 4826: 4821: 4810: 4803: 4796: 4789: 4785: 4782: 4777: 4770: 4766: 4763: 4758: 4750: 4746: 4740: 4732: 4728: 4721: 4713: 4709: 4703: 4695: 4689: 4681: 4675: 4667: 4663: 4656: 4648: 4642: 4634: 4630: 4623: 4615: 4611: 4605: 4590: 4586: 4580: 4572: 4568: 4567:The Telegraph 4563: 4555: 4547: 4546: 4541: 4535: 4528: 4523: 4508: 4504: 4498: 4491: 4486: 4480: 4475: 4467: 4461: 4446: 4439: 4433: 4418: 4414: 4408: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4381: 4378: 4374: 4373: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4359: 4355: 4340: 4339: 4334: 4328: 4309: 4302: 4296: 4277: 4270: 4264: 4248: 4244: 4238: 4231: 4226: 4218: 4214: 4208: 4201: 4197: 4194: 4189: 4174: 4173: 4168: 4162: 4147: 4146: 4141: 4135: 4119: 4115: 4109: 4101: 4097: 4090: 4074: 4068: 4053:. opsi.gov.uk 4052: 4046: 4039: 4034: 4027: 4023: 4018: 4002: 3996: 3980: 3976: 3970: 3962: 3958: 3951: 3943: 3937: 3921: 3915: 3899: 3895: 3889: 3887: 3871: 3867: 3861: 3845: 3844: 3839: 3833: 3817: 3816: 3811: 3805: 3797: 3791: 3787: 3780: 3773: 3769: 3764: 3757: 3753: 3748: 3742: 3736: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3709: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3669: 3667:9780415198752 3663: 3659: 3652: 3633: 3629: 3617: 3613: 3612: 3608: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3587: 3585: 3568: 3567: 3562: 3556: 3540: 3539: 3534: 3528: 3520: 3514: 3510: 3509: 3501: 3492: 3483: 3474: 3465: 3456: 3447: 3438: 3429: 3420: 3411: 3402: 3393: 3384: 3375: 3366: 3356: 3352: 3349: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3315: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3277: 3276: 3272: 3266:, pp. 161-162 3265: 3264:1-84024-433-X 3261: 3257: 3251: 3245:, pp. 137-140 3244: 3243:0-7190-6087-7 3240: 3236: 3230: 3221: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3201: 3194: 3190: 3184: 3177: 3174:–xlviii § 3, 3173: 3167: 3165: 3156: 3152: 3146: 3140: 3136: 3131: 3124: 3118: 3110: 3106: 3100: 3092: 3088: 3087: 3079: 3072: 3070: 3062: 3058: 3052: 3044: 3043: 3036: 3029: 3023: 3016: 3010: 3004:, p. 148 3003: 2998: 2994: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2958: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2913: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2891:Walton Prison 2888: 2884: 2881: 2877: 2876:Henry Burnett 2873: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2821: 2817: 2814: 2810: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2796: 2792: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2778: 2774: 2771: 2767: 2764: 2763:Timothy Evans 2760: 2759:serial killer 2756: 2755:John Christie 2752: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2740:Derek Bentley 2737: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2719: 2718:Walton Prison 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2701:in June 2003. 2700: 2696: 2695:Walton Prison 2692: 2688: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2676:serial killer 2673: 2672:John Christie 2669: 2665: 2664:Timothy Evans 2661: 2658: 2654: 2651: 2647: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2621: 2620:Neville Heath 2617: 2614: 2610: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2598:William Joyce 2595: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2581: 2577: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2474: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2429:Éamonn Ceannt 2426: 2422: 2421:Thomas Clarke 2418: 2414: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2374: 2370: 2367: 2363: 2360:23 May 1905: 2359: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2334: 2330: 2327: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2310:7 July 1896: 2309: 2306: 2302: 2299: 2295: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2266: 2263:26 May 1868: 2262: 2259: 2255: 2252: 2249:12 May 1867: 2248: 2245: 2241: 2240:Glasgow Green 2237: 2233: 2230: 2226: 2223: 2219: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2205: 2204: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2173: 2169: 2168: 2163: 2159: 2158:Sarah Chesham 2155: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2104: 2100: 2097: 2093: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2062:Andrew Hardie 2059: 2056: 2052: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2034: 2030: 2027:18 May 1812: 2026: 2023: 2019: 2018:ace of spades 2015: 2011: 2007: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1987: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1893: 1890:11 May 1748: 1889: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1868: 1864: 1861: 1857: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1843: 1839: 1838:Jonathan Wild 1836:24 May 1725: 1835: 1832: 1828: 1827:Jack Sheppard 1824: 1821: 1820:Jack Sheppard 1817: 1813: 1812: 1803: 1800:against King 1799: 1795: 1791: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1747: 1744:21 May 1613: 1743: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1727:Everard Digby 1724: 1720: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1680:was beheaded. 1679: 1675: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1631: 1627: 1624:2 June 1572: 1623: 1620: 1616: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1599: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1564: 1560: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1534: 1533:Alice Glaston 1530: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1466:Francis Bigod 1464:2 June 1537: 1463: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1445:19 May 1536: 1444: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1426:17 May 1536: 1425: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1401: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1383:Britain First 1380: 1370: 1368: 1363: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1337: 1335: 1331: 1326: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1302: 1299: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1280: 1279:Ivan Lawrence 1276: 1272: 1267: 1264: 1263:Duncan Sandys 1260: 1250: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1235: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1201: 1199: 1195: 1192:in 2000; and 1191: 1187: 1183: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1161:Moors murders 1157: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1125: 1117: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1106:two suspected 1103: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1054: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1039: 1036: 1026: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1011:Anthony Teare 1008: 1004: 1000: 995: 993: 988: 984: 979: 977: 973: 969: 965: 959: 955: 945: 943: 938: 934: 929: 927: 922: 917: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 893: 888: 886: 882: 872: 870: 866: 862: 860: 856: 854: 850: 849:nightwatchman 846: 842: 840: 836: 833: 824: 823:Post Office. 822: 818: 814: 811: 807: 805: 801: 798: 794: 792: 788: 785: 781: 779: 774: 772: 768: 764: 760: 759:Walton Prison 756: 752: 743: 741: 737: 733: 728: 720: 717: 714: 711: 708:giving false 707: 704: 701: 698: 695: 694: 692: 688: 684: 681: 677: 674: 671: 667: 664: 661: 657: 653: 649: 646: 642: 639: 638: 637: 633: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 602: 600: 599:Moors murders 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 564: 559: 550: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 523: 513: 507: 504: 501: 498: 495: 492: 491: 490: 482: 480: 475: 473: 469: 464: 462: 458: 453: 450: 448: 447:Derek Bentley 443: 442:John Christie 439: 438:Timothy Evans 434: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 390: 388: 384: 380: 374: 372: 368: 364: 359: 356: 352: 348: 345:In 1908, the 338: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 301:; robbery or 300: 299: 293: 288: 286: 282: 277: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 222: 218: 216: 212: 207: 203: 199: 187: 184: 176: 173:November 2013 166: 162: 156: 155: 150:This section 148: 144: 139: 138: 130: 128: 122: 119: 115: 111: 106: 102: 97: 94: 90: 86: 76: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 23: 19: 7261:Transnistria 7223:Vatican City 7217: 6802:Slow slicing 6784: 6655: 6602:firing squad 6474: 6468: 6447: 6441: 6430: 6416: 6369: 6361: 6303: 6275: 6259: 6250: 6231: 6213: 6205:Bibliography 6193: 6181:. Retrieved 6177: 6171: 6163: 6151:. Retrieved 6147: 6137: 6129: 6124: 6113: 6103: 6091:. Retrieved 6086: 6074: 6062:. Retrieved 6057: 6045: 6033:. Retrieved 6029: 6019: 6010: 6004: 5995: 5985: 5976: 5967: 5955:. Retrieved 5948: 5939: 5927:. Retrieved 5922: 5913: 5901:. Retrieved 5897: 5866: 5860: 5848:. Retrieved 5844: 5835: 5829:. p. 4. 5826: 5820: 5801: 5795: 5786: 5781: 5761: 5753: 5735: 5725: 5717: 5709: 5699: 5692: 5672: 5665: 5645: 5638: 5629: 5608: 5599: 5575: 5568: 5558: 5548: 5538: 5526:. Retrieved 5516: 5510:. Vice News. 5501: 5489:. Retrieved 5482: 5473: 5461:. Retrieved 5454: 5445: 5433:. Retrieved 5426: 5417: 5405:. Retrieved 5398: 5389: 5377:. Retrieved 5370: 5360: 5346: 5334:. Retrieved 5327: 5318: 5306:. Retrieved 5299: 5290: 5278:. Retrieved 5271: 5262: 5250:. Retrieved 5243: 5234: 5222:. Retrieved 5215: 5206: 5194:. Retrieved 5187: 5178: 5166:. Retrieved 5159: 5150: 5138:. Retrieved 5131: 5122: 5110:. Retrieved 5103: 5094: 5088:. p. 1. 5086:The Guardian 5085: 5076: 5064:. Retrieved 5057: 5048: 5026: 5014:. Retrieved 5007: 4998: 4986:. Retrieved 4979: 4970: 4958:. Retrieved 4951: 4942: 4930:. Retrieved 4923: 4914: 4902:. Retrieved 4895: 4886: 4874:. Retrieved 4867: 4858: 4846:. Retrieved 4841: 4832: 4824: 4820: 4809:the original 4795: 4776: 4757: 4748: 4739: 4730: 4720: 4702: 4688: 4674: 4665: 4655: 4641: 4633:The Guardian 4632: 4622: 4613: 4604: 4592:. Retrieved 4588: 4579: 4566: 4554: 4543: 4534: 4522: 4510:. Retrieved 4506: 4497: 4485: 4474: 4460: 4448:. Retrieved 4444: 4432: 4420:. Retrieved 4407: 4396: 4393:the original 4388: 4376: 4370: 4354: 4342:. Retrieved 4336: 4327: 4315:. Retrieved 4308:the original 4295: 4283:. Retrieved 4276:the original 4263: 4251:. Retrieved 4247:the original 4237: 4225: 4216: 4207: 4188: 4176:. Retrieved 4170: 4161: 4149:. Retrieved 4143: 4134: 4122:. Retrieved 4118:the original 4108: 4100:The Guardian 4099: 4089: 4077:. Retrieved 4067: 4055:. Retrieved 4045: 4038:SI 1998/2327 4033: 4017: 4005:. Retrieved 3995: 3983:. Retrieved 3978: 3969: 3961:The Guardian 3960: 3950: 3936: 3924:. Retrieved 3914: 3902:. Retrieved 3898:the original 3873:. Retrieved 3869: 3860: 3848:. Retrieved 3841: 3832: 3820:. Retrieved 3813: 3804: 3785: 3779: 3763: 3747: 3735: 3718: 3714: 3708: 3694:(2): 70–88. 3691: 3687: 3657: 3651: 3636:. Retrieved 3620:. Retrieved 3607: 3571:. Retrieved 3564: 3555: 3543:. Retrieved 3536: 3527: 3507: 3500: 3491: 3482: 3473: 3464: 3455: 3446: 3437: 3428: 3419: 3410: 3401: 3392: 3383: 3374: 3365: 3340:. Retrieved 3324: 3313: 3306:. Retrieved 3301: 3297: 3284: 3271: 3255: 3250: 3234: 3229: 3220: 3200: 3183: 3154: 3145: 3130: 3122: 3117: 3109:the original 3099: 3090: 3084: 3060: 3056: 3051: 3040: 3035: 3027: 3022: 3009: 2997: 2955: 2802:Peter Manuel 2793:6 May 1958: 2784:John Vickers 2691:George Kelly 2602:Lord Haw-Haw 2557:Tom Williams 2535:Josef Jakobs 2501:Victor Betts 2494:Susan Newell 2449:high treason 2373:Rhoda Willis 2323: 2316:Reading Gaol 2251:Robert Smith 2229:Franz Muller 2211:Martin Doyle 2201: 2198:Thomas Hardy 2165: 2125:George Capel 2110:Dic Penderyn 2080:in Scotland. 1995:Despard Plot 1938:5 May 1760: 1831:housebreaker 1731:Robert Keyes 1716:King James I 1700:Thomas Bates 1663:John Ballard 1630:Ridolfi plot 1483:for treason. 1472:for treason. 1459:Jane Seymour 1376: 1364: 1352: 1348: 1338: 1327: 1323: 1304: 1294: 1285: 1271:Brian Walden 1268: 1256: 1247: 1244: 1236: 1222:Guido Fawkes 1220: 1217:Paul Staines 1214: 1206:child murder 1202: 1158: 1150:Barry George 1126: 1123: 1099: 1090: 1086: 1055: 1040: 1032: 996: 980: 974:are British 961: 930: 918: 896: 889: 878: 864: 863: 858: 857: 844: 843: 839:the Troubles 831: 830: 809: 808: 796: 795: 783: 782: 775: 750: 749: 729: 726: 687:armed forces 634: 603: 569:In 1965 the 568: 519: 511: 488: 476: 465: 454: 451: 435: 396: 375: 360: 344: 341:20th century 307:fire raising 298:furtum grave 296: 289: 278: 258:military law 219: 213:and certain 194: 179: 170: 159:Please help 154:verification 151: 123: 98: 82: 48: 47: 18: 7299:Isle of Man 7234:recognition 7203:Switzerland 7138:Netherlands 6858:Executioner 6698:Crucifixion 6673:Brazen bull 6663:Blood eagle 6644:Ancient and 6624:Gas chamber 6524:, Paper 882 6454:: 229–249. 6026:"Mary Daly" 5950:Inside Time 5528:25 November 4422:3 September 4389:Bermuda Sun 4344:3 September 4317:3 September 4285:3 September 4253:3 September 4178:3 September 4151:3 September 4079:3 September 4057:3 September 4040:, article 2 4007:3 September 3926:3 September 3904:3 September 2795:Vivian Teed 2635:Home Office 2520:Udham Singh 2399:World War I 2366:fingerprint 2333:Mary Ansell 2320:Oscar Wilde 2305:Amelia Dyer 2293:of hanging. 2222:Mary Timney 2078:Radical War 1951:John Austin 1931:during the 1892:Arthur Gray 1851:, infamous 1849:Dick Turpin 1689:Elizabeth I 1667:Elizabeth I 1652:Elizabeth I 1540:Robert Kett 1477:Robert Aske 1447:Anne Boleyn 1440:Anne Boleyn 1405:Thomas More 1398:Before 1707 1275:Jill Knight 1194:Ian Huntley 1190:West Sussex 1186:Roy Whiting 1177:West London 999:John Kewish 964:Isle of Man 933:West Indies 853:Scarborough 835:Liam Holden 821:Fforestfach 817:HMP Swansea 813:Vivian Teed 710:air signals 678:(until the 668:(until the 643:(until the 535:backbencher 351:infanticide 110:Bloody Code 7340:Categories 7173:San Marino 7133:Montenegro 7113:Luxembourg 7093:Kazakhstan 6996:Azerbaijan 6822:Waist chop 6786:Mazzatello 6780:Ishikozume 6775:Impalement 6770:Immurement 6760:Guillotine 6708:Decimation 4960:16 January 4712:Ipsos MORI 4527:Section 94 4445:Ukotcf.org 3596:section 93 2984:References 2777:Ruth Ellis 2714:Manchester 2680:posthumous 2631:Manchester 2593:in London. 2587:John Amery 2162:Chelmsford 2066:John Baird 1925:Royal Navy 1853:highwayman 1723:Guy Fawkes 1704:John Grant 1451:Henry VIII 1417:Henry VIII 1334:Roger Gale 1227:e-petition 1169:Manchester 1154:Jill Dando 1146:Derbyshire 1078:Montserrat 778:Ruth Ellis 740:Nottingham 652:Royal Navy 547:Opposition 543:Government 531:conscience 527:free votes 516:Free votes 427:guillotine 425:, and the 331:banishment 319:hamesucken 303:stouthrief 79:Background 7289:Gibraltar 7108:Lithuania 6880:Last meal 6853:Death row 6755:Gibbeting 6629:Beheading 6285:cite book 6118:. London. 6115:The Times 6093:16 August 6064:16 August 6035:16 August 5745:645127647 5585:cite book 4635:. London. 4594:23 August 4512:23 August 4102:. London. 3870:Bbc.co.uk 3618:. s. 1(1) 3600:section 6 3355:10 Geo. 4 3093:(2): 474. 2989:Citations 2916:Black cap 2710:Liverpool 2395:desertion 2129:Aylesbury 1921:John Byng 1886:smuggling 1768:John Dean 1552:Edward VI 1003:patricide 898:Beheading 859:Scotland: 815:, 24, in 784:Scotland: 583:free vote 553:Abolition 397:The then 367:Maidstone 327:abduction 270:mandatory 266:Scots law 246:espionage 236:to five: 221:Gibbeting 118:Black Act 7309:Svalbard 7294:Guernsey 7241:Abkhazia 7188:Slovenia 7183:Slovakia 7158:Portugal 7016:Bulgaria 6885:Penology 6797:Scaphism 6735:Elephant 6723:Drowning 6703:Crushing 6597:Shooting 6499:21254710 6460:41299271 6183:30 March 5996:BBC News 5733:(1800). 5491:28 April 5463:28 April 5435:28 April 5407:28 April 5379:28 April 5336:28 April 5308:28 April 5280:28 April 5252:28 April 5224:28 April 5196:28 April 5168:28 April 5140:28 April 5112:28 April 5066:28 April 5016:28 April 4988:28 April 4932:28 April 4904:28 April 4876:28 April 4784:Archived 4765:Archived 4749:BBC News 4731:BBC News 4614:BBC News 4571:Archived 4217:BBC News 4202:(page 5) 4196:Archived 3985:23 March 3850:28 April 3822:28 April 3573:28 April 3545:28 April 3357:. c. 38) 2910:See also 2482:Holloway 2074:Stirling 2070:beheaded 2046:and the 2014:uttering 1914:Aberdeen 1882:gibbeted 1787:beheaded 1785:and was 1608:Guernsey 1591:against 1550:against 1432:adultery 1409:beheaded 1080:and the 1066:Anguilla 968:Guernsey 845:England: 776:In 1955 693:) were: 445:case of 423:shooting 274:commuted 198:commuted 55:were by 7213:Ukraine 7163:Romania 7123:Moldova 7081:Ireland 7076:Iceland 7071:Hungary 7061:Germany 7056:Georgia 7046:Finland 7041:Estonia 7036:Denmark 7021:Croatia 7006:Belgium 7001:Belarus 6991:Austria 6986:Armenia 6981:Andorra 6976:Albania 6807:Stoning 6750:Garrote 6745:Flaying 6740:Falling 6693:Burning 6678:Boiling 6648:methods 6634:Stoning 6592:Hanging 6507:7135631 6491:3020902 6373:notes ( 6371:Hansard 6312:Buffalo 6308:Toronto 5957:24 July 5929:24 July 5903:2 March 5041:YouTube 4848:2 March 4124:2 March 3875:2 March 3638:11 June 3622:11 June 3342:11 June 3308:13 June 2869:Bedford 2850:Belfast 2831:Glasgow 2765:above). 2733:Cardiff 2489:hanged. 2464:Germany 2397:during 2244:Glasgow 2215:Chester 1973:Wisbech 1413:treason 1229:on the 1043:Bermuda 1019:Douglas 1007:Tynwald 910:treason 869:Cardiff 676:treason 585:in the 565:in 1912 393:Postwar 242:treason 206:treason 65:treason 57:hanging 7304:Jersey 7246:Kosovo 7208:Turkey 7198:Sweden 7178:Serbia 7168:Russia 7153:Poland 7148:Norway 7128:Monaco 7098:Latvia 7066:Greece 7051:France 7026:Cyprus 6792:Sawing 6688:Burial 6505: 6497: 6489: 6458: 6344: 6334: 6316:London 6314:, and 6266: 6238: 6220: 6153:5 June 6130:passim 5873: 5808: 5770: 5743: 5680: 5653: 4696:. BBC. 3792: 3664: 3515: 3285:Report 3262: 3241: 3214:12, 17 3061:passim 2729:Somali 2567:(RUC) 2447:, for 2445:Dublin 2265:Fenian 2194:Dorset 1955:Tyburn 1725:, Sir 1593:Mary I 1578:Mary I 1470:hanged 1436:incest 1210:Gallup 1072:, the 1068:, the 1060:, the 972:Jersey 865:Wales: 810:Wales: 716:mutiny 571:Labour 295:theft 252:, and 238:murder 133:Reform 89:heresy 41: 35: 29: 7279:Åland 7193:Spain 7118:Malta 7088:Italy 6848:Crime 6503:S2CID 6487:JSTOR 6456:JSTOR 6427:(PDF) 6342:JSTOR 6083:(PDF) 6054:(PDF) 5850:6 May 5841:"Ely" 4812:(PDF) 4805:(PDF) 4450:2 May 4441:(PDF) 4311:(PDF) 4304:(PDF) 4279:(PDF) 4272:(PDF) 3327:. §§ 3189:xlvii 3172:xlvii 3081:(PDF) 2858:Newry 2504:fact. 1772:arson 1049:. In 765:, at 757:, at 654:, or 335:banns 211:wills 6863:list 6495:PMID 6332:ISBN 6291:link 6264:ISBN 6236:ISBN 6218:ISBN 6185:2008 6155:2022 6095:2021 6066:2021 6037:2021 5959:2023 5931:2023 5905:2022 5871:ISBN 5852:2022 5806:ISBN 5768:ISBN 5741:OCLC 5678:ISBN 5651:ISBN 5591:link 5530:2020 5493:2020 5465:2020 5437:2020 5409:2020 5381:2020 5338:2020 5310:2020 5282:2020 5254:2020 5226:2020 5198:2020 5170:2020 5142:2020 5114:2020 5068:2020 5018:2020 4990:2020 4962:2017 4934:2020 4906:2020 4878:2020 4850:2022 4596:2018 4514:2018 4452:2012 4424:2010 4346:2010 4319:2010 4287:2010 4255:2010 4180:2010 4153:2010 4126:2022 4081:2010 4059:2010 4009:2010 3987:2022 3928:2010 3906:2010 3877:2022 3852:2020 3824:2020 3790:ISBN 3662:ISBN 3640:2023 3624:2023 3590:The 3575:2020 3547:2020 3513:ISBN 3344:2023 3310:2023 3260:ISBN 3239:ISBN 3195:–lii 3178:–606 3137:and 2727:, a 2484:and 2451:and 2087:for 2064:and 1944:peer 1884:for 1737:and 1702:and 1501:and 1479:was 1468:was 1434:and 1411:for 1407:was 1385:and 1377:The 1328:The 1196:, a 1110:ISIS 1021:for 992:Sark 970:and 956:and 912:and 890:The 879:The 604:The 290:The 99:Sir 6479:doi 6377:): 6324:doi 5039:on 3772:BBC 3723:doi 3696:doi 3304:(6) 3176:605 2897:at 2848:in 2833:'s 2353:at 2322:'s 2072:at 1288:for 1175:in 1144:(a 1134:IRA 1017:in 851:in 738:in 616:of 573:MP 163:by 75:). 7342:: 6520:– 6501:. 6493:. 6485:. 6475:42 6473:. 6448:29 6446:. 6429:. 6413:." 6406:." 6399:." 6392:." 6385:." 6340:. 6330:. 6318:: 6310:, 6287:}} 6283:{{ 6176:. 6146:. 6112:. 6085:. 6056:. 6028:. 5994:. 5975:. 5947:. 5921:. 5896:. 5885:^ 5843:. 5628:. 5617:^ 5607:. 5587:}} 5583:{{ 5481:. 5453:. 5425:. 5397:. 5369:. 5326:. 5298:. 5270:. 5242:. 5214:. 5186:. 5158:. 5130:. 5102:. 5056:. 5033:, 5006:. 4978:. 4950:. 4922:. 4894:. 4866:. 4840:. 4747:. 4729:. 4710:. 4664:. 4631:. 4612:. 4587:. 4569:. 4565:. 4542:. 4505:. 4443:. 4415:. 4387:. 4369:. 4335:. 4215:. 4169:. 4142:. 4098:. 3977:. 3959:. 3885:^ 3868:. 3840:. 3812:. 3754:. 3719:11 3717:. 3690:. 3676:^ 3594:, 3583:^ 3563:. 3535:. 3337:75 3335:, 3333:74 3331:, 3329:56 3323:. 3312:. 3302:57 3300:. 3296:. 3283:. 3212:, 3208:, 3193:li 3191:, 3163:^ 3153:. 3091:24 3089:. 3083:. 3068:^ 2443:, 2435:, 2431:, 2427:, 2423:, 2419:, 1829:, 1733:, 1729:, 1698:, 1661:, 1595:. 1381:, 1362:. 1346:. 1309:, 1296:— 1084:. 1076:, 978:. 887:. 871:. 742:. 682:); 672:); 662:); 647:); 632:. 624:, 463:. 449:. 433:. 421:, 417:, 413:, 401:, 325:; 321:; 317:; 313:; 248:, 244:, 240:, 217:. 6954:e 6947:t 6940:v 6568:e 6561:t 6554:v 6518:. 6509:. 6481:: 6462:. 6409:" 6402:" 6395:" 6388:" 6381:" 6348:. 6326:: 6293:) 6187:. 6170:" 6157:. 6097:. 6068:. 6039:. 5998:. 5961:. 5933:. 5907:. 5879:. 5854:. 5814:. 5747:. 5686:. 5659:. 5632:. 5593:) 5532:. 5495:. 5467:. 5439:. 5411:. 5383:. 5364:' 5340:. 5312:. 5284:. 5256:. 5228:. 5200:. 5172:. 5144:. 5116:. 5070:. 5020:. 4992:. 4964:. 4936:. 4908:. 4880:. 4852:. 4733:. 4668:. 4598:. 4516:. 4454:. 4426:. 4348:. 4321:. 4289:. 4257:. 4182:. 4155:. 4128:. 4083:. 4061:. 4011:. 3989:. 3963:. 3930:. 3908:. 3879:. 3854:. 3826:. 3798:. 3729:. 3725:: 3702:. 3698:: 3692:4 3670:. 3642:. 3626:. 3577:. 3549:. 3521:. 3353:( 3346:. 3210:4 3206:2 3063:. 3013:" 2860:. 2790:. 2645:. 2575:. 2541:. 2530:. 2455:. 2401:. 2346:. 2328:. 2246:. 2217:. 2206:. 2120:. 2098:. 2057:. 2035:. 2024:. 1979:. 1957:. 1935:. 1905:. 1804:. 1789:. 1774:. 1718:. 1691:. 1673:. 1643:. 1632:. 1580:. 1558:. 1494:. 1461:. 1442:. 1423:. 712:; 702:; 186:) 180:( 175:) 171:( 157:. 108:"

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index