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breastworks along major roads, calling themselves the
Spartan Band. According to some sources, they fortunately had a few repeating rifles, thanks to the ingenuity of Jonathan Browning, and built a cannon out of a steamboat shaft. They armed 150 men to fight a mob of 1,000. As the militia approached the city, both sides exchanged artillery fire before battling with small arms. Inside the besieged city, a lookout watched from the Nauvoo Temple belltower and reported on the battle to the women and children huddled below. At least three Saints were killed and several were injured. Church members eventually beat back the militia. Each day, the militia regrouped and returned, each time being repelled. The Saints also resorted to guerilla tactics, ambushing militia members from the surrounding woods. But the Mormons knew they could not withstand the siege for long. On September 16, they surrendered. They were given five days to pack their belongings and head west. In July 1846, with the encouragement of Brigham Young and under the authority of US Army captain James Allen, the Mormon Battalion was mustered in at Council Bluffs, Iowa Territory.
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wife died, he married Phebe Adams, June 28, 1836. He moved to
Caldwell County by December 1836. He again served as a member of the Zion high council in Far West from 1837 to 1839. I believe this is a scene from the Hancock panorama: Expulsion of the Saints from Far West, Missouri, Nov. 2, 1838. This church headquarters and center of Latter-day Saint activity in Missouri had 150 houses. On July 4, 1838, members laid cornerstones for planned temple. dictated several revelations in area. After Missouri governor Lilburn W. Boggsâs extermination order of October 27, Far West was surrounded on November 1 by state militia troops commanded by Generals Samuel D. Lucas and Robert Wilson. Church leaders were taken prisoner, and a court-martial was conducted. General Lucas pronounced the death sentence on all prisoners, to be carried out the following morning in the town square. David Atchison and Alexander Doniphan intervened. The militia and mobs drove eight thousand church members from the state. The Dibbles made their way across Missouri, moving first to Quincy and then to Commerce (Nauvoo), Illinois, in the spring of 1840.
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garden, the press was broken, the type ; the revelations, book-work and papers were nearly all destroyed or kept by the mob; and the printing office and house of W. W. Phelps were both razed to the ground. Having reduced these buildings to a mass of ruins, the mob proceeded to demolish the mercantile establishment of
Gilbert, Whitney & Co., and destroy the goods; but when Mr. Gilbert assured them that the goods would be packed by the twenty-third, they desisted from their work of destruction. . . . The mob caught Bishop Edward Partridge and Charles Allen, and dragged them through the maddened crowd, which insulted and abused them along the road to the public square. . . . The two brethren, Partridge and Allen, were stripped of their clothing, and bedaubed with tar, mixed with lime, or pearl-ash, or some other flesh-eating acid, and a quantity of feathers scattered over them.â
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farms in
Millard County and Sanpete County, but the cost was becoming more than Young wanted to pay. Hurt criticized how the Indian lands were being occupied, the game depleted, and the Indians baptized with little knowledge. In 1857 President James Buchanan sent a military force to replace Young as governor. In the war frenzy, settlers attacked California-bound emigrants in Mountain Meadows. When Hurt received the early account of that massacre, he prepared to flee the territory. Hancockâs troops came to detain him. But Chief Peteetneetâs band created a diversion while Hurt rode away. The reservation fell into disarray, and later Chief Black Hawk gathered at this farmhouse to launch the Black Hawk War.
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trade goods at James Ivieâs home in
Springville when Ivie tried to intervene in an argument. He killed one of Wakaraâs people. After braves sought a life for a life, Utah territorial militia captain (and Payson bishop) Charles B. Hancock (shown bottom center) went to Wakaraâs camp. Arapeen intervened with Wakara and Peteetneet. Arapeen could delay the violence for only one day. Hancock rode to get Youngâs counsel and tried to return the next day before anyone was killed. Hancock failed to find a fresh team and return in time. In retribution, a Timpanogos man shot and killed Alexander Keele in Payson on July 18. The next day, Timpanogos raiders attacked Springville, Spanish Fork, and Nephi.
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Yelrome as fast as you can. . . . We think it best to let them burn up our houses while we take care of our families. . . . Employ the best scribe you have, or half a dozen of them, if necessary, to pen minutely all the movements of the enemy.â Solomonâs home was burnt to the ground, as were many others. He and his family resided in Nauvoo for a season before being forced to flee for their safety to Iowa. They traversed the hills of Iowa, stopping at temporary encampments, before reaching
Council Bluffs. Solomon died on December 2, 1847, near Council Bluffs at age fifty-four.
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as the
Circumstances may require, exterminating such, as do not separate themselves from their hostile Clans, and sue for peace.â In February, General Daniel H. Wellsâs forces executed about 102 of the Timpanogos Utes, exterminating hundreds more. History had repeated itself with new aggressors and new victims.
130:. He had met Elsie Scheel Haarby while serving in Norway, and he and Elsie married in Liverpool, England. They had planned to wait until reaching Utah to get married but leaders felt the trip would be easier if engaged couples got married before starting the journey. and they sailed for America on the
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was a large canvas roll of paintings. They had been painted by one of his progenitors, C. C. A. Christensen, who traveled through the settlements giving a lecture on Church history as each painting was unrolled and displayed by lamplight. The roll of paintings had been stored away for generations. We
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On
September 10, 1846, a militia of a thousand men attacked Nauvoo. They had guns, cannons, and a singular purpose: drive the Mormons from the state. On September 10, 1846, an anti-Mormon militia made one last push to drive them out. Fearing such an attack, the Saints had fortified the city and built
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Christensen was commissioned to create a panorama for
Charles B. Hancock, formerly a member of the Mormon Battalion, who served as a Latter-day Saint bishop in Payson and traded extensively with the Timpanogos band in Utah Valley. Christensen and at least one other unidentified artist depicted scenes
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In Utah
Territory, the Walker War grew out of decades of aggressive colonization, competing demands for land and resources, and disruption of the trade with Mexico. Brigham Young had issued an âextermination orderâ on January 31, 1850, to stop âthe operations of all hostile Indians and otherwise act
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In 1853 Wakara claimed he had âalways been opposed to the whites settling on his landsâ and that âthe whites want everything and will give the Indians nothing.â They were at an impasse. Tensions were high. The dry grass needed only a spark. On July 15, 1853, members of the Timpanogos band wanted to
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Indian Farm with Chief (Peteeneetâs) Timpanogos Band (1857). After the Walker War ended, 120 members of Wakaraâs band were baptized in Mantiâs City Creek in 1854. That year Young and Indian agent Garland Hurt enlarged the Spanish Fork reservation to twenty square miles. They built two other Indian
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In September 1845 mobs attacked Yelrome. Edmund Durfee was shot and killed by a mob. Church members fled to Nauvoo for safety. In the fire that encircled the community, Isaac lost his home, cooper shop, and grain. Isaac and his family moved to Nauvoo. From there, they trekked across Iowa and the
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Charles Hancockâs father, Solomon, joined the church near Kirtland, Ohio, and was appointed to serve a mission to Missouri in June 1831. He moved to Jackson County by 1833 and fled with his family in November to Clay County, where he was appointed to the Zion high council in 1834. After his first
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A description of the slides follows: In Independence, Missouri, on July 20, 1833, a âmob surrounded the printing office and house of W. W. Phelps. Mrs. Phelps, with a sick infant in her arms, and the rest of the children, were forced out of their home, the furniture was thrown into the street and
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Isaac Morley and his family moved to Illinois, settling in what became known as the âMorley Settlementâ or Yelrome, which is Morley spelled backwards. In 1845, when mobs threatened to destroy the settlement, Brigham Young told Solomon, âIt is wisdom for you to remove the women and children from
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Indian Fight at Salt Creek (east of Nephi) (26 September 1853). Early in the morning of September 26, 1858, Hancock and a group of militia surprised members of the Timpanogos band who had committed depredations. Hancock began peace negotiations when his superior officer arrived and ordered the
207:, giving presentations along with the panorama. He did this during the winter when he was not busy working on his farm. After Christensen's death the panorama was stored away. Many years later it was discovered again and brought back to light, partly by the efforts of
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California experienced its first celebration of American Independence Day on July 4, 1847, from a hill overlooking Los Angeles. Early that morning, at sunrise, US troops at Fort Moore raised the Stars and Stripes and fired a 13-gun artillery salute.
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from Missouri to Illinois to California to Utah Territory. This large panorama was last known to be stored in a barn near Bear Lake. They now exist as slides in the Church History Library in Salt Lake City.
119:, who became another prominent early Utah artist. During his time as a missionary in Norway, Christensen was twice put in prison due to government officials not approving of the preaching of Mormonism
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The Carthage Jail scene in the Hancock Panorama is similar in many ways to Christensenâs earlier work, but a figure appears at the window (perhaps Willard Richards).
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Christensen served a second mission from 1865 to 1868. He went on a third mission to Denmark from 1887 to 1889, during which he worked as the editor of the
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During his first days in Utah, Christensen found little time to paint. He did various odd jobs such as laying brick and burning charcoal as well as farming.
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in Copenhagen. On September 26, 1850, he was baptized into the LDS Church in Copenhagen by George P. Dykes. Christensen subsequently served as a
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in 1901. He also worked in the LDS Church Historian's Office where he compiled materials related to the history of the church in Scandinavia.
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Christensen wrote many LDS hymns in Danish. Some of his translated texts are still in use. Christensen also wrote poetry and contributed to
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894:[A glimpse into the office of AIT Director Christensen, with a friend's calligraphy on the wall] (in Chinese (Taiwan)).
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Christensen began touring with the 175 feet (53 m)-long Mormon panorama in 1878. Christensen would transport it about
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beginning in the fall of 1853. While in Norway, Christensen was the first Mormon missionary to preach in Christiania (now
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76:(LDS Church). Of him it has been said that he "did more than any other person to capture the images of the history of
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a series of 23 large paintings that depict the history of the church. Christensen also painted scenes from the
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381:) "has become the most widely published painting of the Mormon pioneer experience by an actual pioneer."
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The first major art work that Christensen undertook while in Utah was a commission from
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Christensen was an instructor in drawing and Danish at the Sanpete Stake Academy (now
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on Church history. One of the group, Trevor Christensen, remembered that down in
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Another theme of some of Christensen's paintings was Manti and its surroundings.
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738:"'Virtuous, Lovely, or of Good Report': How the Church Has Fostered the Arts"
714:"Vivid Panorama: C. C. A. Christensen recreation perpetuates artists' legacy"
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998:. Provo, Utah: L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Brigham Young University.
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413:(American career diplomat, great-great-grandson of C. C. A. Christensen)
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Timpanogos men to surrender. Hancock was shot in the head but escaped.
188:. Christensen's Book of Mormon paintings were originally issued by the
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In 1857, at the end of his service in Norway, Christensen set off for
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sent a truck for them, and I shall not forget the day we unrolled it.
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for use in classrooms; they were later issued in lithography form.
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artist who is known for his paintings illustrating the history of
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Danish leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
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826:(Speech). Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. Archived from
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134:. After reaching New York City, they traveled by railroad to
233:. Christensen also did paintings for the Manti Tabernacle.
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In 1862 Christensen did stage painting for a theatre in
624:"Storytellers: Scandinavians' art told of Restoration"
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222:Christensen also painted some of the murals in the
501:"Utah Artists Project - Danquart Anthon Weggeland"
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352:recounted the rediscovery of Christensen's work:
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457:"Winter Quarters center features pioneer artist"
356:Some years ago I was chairman of a committee of
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658:"C. C. A. Christensen and the Mormon Panorama"
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115:). While in Christiana, Christensen taught
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478:. Sorensenfamilyhistory.org. Archived from
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107:Christensen also served as a missionary in
533:Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia
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165:to do a collection of paintings from the
68:(November 28, 1831 â July 3, 1912) was a
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989:C.C.A. Christensen's Panorama Paintings
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186:Nephi and Zoram Return with the Record
1043:Danish emigrants to the United States
996:Notes on the life of Carl Christensen
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266:plains on their journey to the West.
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239:Christensen often collaborated with
1048:Danish Latter Day Saint hymnwriters
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851:"Christensen, Carl Christian Anton"
823:The Arts and the Spirit of the Lord
790:LaRene Porter Gaunt (August 1999).
547:"LDSEP: Nicolai Dorius (185?-1854)"
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307:History of the Scandinavian Mission
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476:"Carl Christian Anton Christensen"
435:"Carl Christian Anton Christensen"
176:Christensen is best known for his
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98:Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts
1023:19th-century Mormon missionaries
923:Jensen, Richard L. (Fall 1983),
593:"Microsoft Word - SPRINGVI2.doc"
66:Carl Christian Anton Christensen
902:from the original on 2020-01-31
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1078:Mormon missionaries in Denmark
765:"Gospel Taught, Gospel Shared"
763:Oman, Richard G. (June 2001).
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213:Whitney Museum of American Art
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925:"C. A. A. Christensen on Art"
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360:men responsible to produce a
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1033:Artists of the American West
994:Christensen, Ethel Taggart.
859:, University of Utah Press,
373:Christensen's 1900 painting
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688:"Commitment and Dedication"
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80:and the life lived there".
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503:. Lib.utah.edu. 2011-03-17
341:In a 1976 speech given at
953:Encyclopedia of Mormonism
942:Oman, Richard G. (1992),
856:Utah History Encyclopedia
849:Oman, Richard G. (1994),
574:. churchofjesuschrist.org
117:Danquart Anthon Weggeland
34:by Christensen depicting
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343:Brigham Young University
88:Christensen was born in
78:Mormon migration to Utah
1098:Artists from Copenhagen
1093:Patriarchs (LDS Church)
892:"čĺć¸čćçä¸ďźç´ćAITčéˇé
čąĺ螌ĺ
ŹĺŽ¤"
391:List of Danish painters
126:, stopping en route in
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792:"From Denmark to Zion"
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57:Tarring and feathering
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16:Danish-American artist
1038:Converts to Mormonism
732:Ronald W. Walker and
433:Nielson, Virginia K.
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321:Scandinaviens Stjerne
294:Other Utah activities
243:in his work in Utah.
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1108:Snow College faculty
958:Macmillan Publishing
820:(February 1, 1976).
622:Hunter, J. Michael.
536:, vol. 1, p. 380â81.
163:Dimick B. Huntington
873:on November 3, 2022
830:on February 7, 2012
632:, January 22, 2000.
96:and studied at the
960:, pp. 70â73,
896:Formosa Television
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1028:Artists from Utah
944:"Artists, Visual"
712:Lloyd, R. Scott.
572:"Pioneer Details"
411:Brent Christensen
375:Handcart Pioneers
152:Springville, Utah
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898:. 2020-01-29.
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686:(March 1983).
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656:(June 1979).
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44:Angel Moroni
36:Joseph Smith
31:
1018:1912 deaths
1013:1831 births
930:BYU Studies
719:Church News
629:Church News
462:Church News
337:Rediscovery
1007:Categories
906:2020-01-31
803:2012-03-07
776:2012-03-07
749:2012-03-07
699:2012-03-07
669:2012-03-07
609:2012-03-07
578:2012-03-07
557:2007-10-15
507:2012-03-07
486:2012-03-07
440:2006-11-10
418:References
396:Mormon art
228:St. George
184:, such as
102:missionary
90:Copenhagen
84:Early life
834:March 28,
362:filmstrip
331:patriarch
42:from the
976:24502140
900:Archived
877:April 9,
385:See also
358:seminary
146:Painting
950:(ed.),
347:apostle
303:Bikuben
231:Temples
205:Wyoming
128:England
94:Denmark
974:
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863:
797:Ensign
770:Ensign
743:Ensign
693:Ensign
663:Ensign
109:Norway
946:, in
603:(PDF)
596:(PDF)
328:Stake
224:Manti
201:Idaho
167:Bible
972:OCLC
962:ISBN
879:2024
861:ISBN
836:2012
652:and
226:and
203:and
197:Utah
169:and
113:Oslo
316:).
215:in
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