Knowledge

1359:. Before dawn, Moroni reappeared two more times and repeated the information. However, the angel would not allow Smith to take the plates until he obeyed certain "commandments". Smith recorded some of these commandments but made it clear the main thrust of Moroni's message was that he had to keep God's commandments in general. Some contemporaries who later claimed he told them the story said there were others, some of which are relevant to the modern debate about whether or how closely events of early Mormonism were related to the practice of contemporary folk magic. Smith's writings say that the angel required at least the following: (1) that he have no thought of using the plates for monetary gain, (2) that he tell his father about the vision, and (3) that he never show the plates to any unauthorized person. Smith's contemporaries who claimed to have heard the story, both sympathetic and unsympathetic, generally agreed that Smith mentioned the following additional commandments: (4) that Smith take the plates and leave the site in which they had been buried without looking back, and (5) that the plates never directly touch the ground until they were safe at home in a locked chest. Some unsympathetic listeners who allegedly heard the story from Smith or his father recalled that Smith had said the angel required him (6) to wear "black clothes" to the place where the plates were buried, (7) to ride a "black horse with a switchtail", (8) to call for the plates by a certain name, and (9) to "give thanks to God." 6722:"I never saw the golden plates, only in a visionary or entranced state. I wrote a great deal of the Book of Mormon myself, as Joseph Smith translated or spelled the words out in English. Sometimes the plates would be on a table in the room in which Smith did the translating, covered over with cloth. I was told by Joseph Smith that God would strike him dead if he attempted to look at them, and I believed it. When the time came for the three witnesses to see the plates, Joseph Smith, myself, David Whitmer and Oliver Cowdery, went into the woods to pray. When they had all engaged in prayer, they failed at that time to see the plates or the angel who should have been on hand to exhibit them. They all believed it was because I was not good enough, or, in other words, not sufficiently sanctified. I withdrew. As soon as I had gone away, the three others saw the angel and the plates. In about three days I went into the woods to pray that I might see the plates. While praying I passed into a state of entrancement, and in that state I saw the angel and the plates." "Martin Harris Interview with Anthony Metcalf, Circa 1873-1874," in Vogel (ed.) Early Mormon Documents 2:346-347. 6260:: "Critics of the Book of Mormon often remark sarcastically that it is a great pity that the golden plates have disappeared, since they would very conveniently prove Joseph Smith's story. They would do nothing of the sort. The presence of the plates would only prove that there were plates, no more: it would not prove that Nephites wrote them, or that an angel brought them, or that they had been translated by the gift and power of God; and we can be sure that scholars would quarrel about the writing on them for generations without coming to any agreement, exactly as they did about the writings of Homer and parts of the Bible. The possession of the plates would have a very disruptive effect, and it would prove virtually nothing. On the other hand, a far more impressive claim is put forth when the whole work is given to the world in what is claimed to be a divinely inspired translation – in such a text any cause or pretext for disagreement and speculation about the text is reduced to an absolute minimum: it is a text which all the world can read and understand, and is a far more miraculous object than any gold plates would be." 1966: 6622:"A gentleman in Palmyra, bred to the law, a professor of religion, and of undoubted veracity told me that on one occasion, he appealed to Harris and asked him directly,-”Did you see those plates?” Harris replied, he did. “Did you see the plates, and the engraving on them with your bodily eyes?” Harris replied, “Yes, I saw them with my eyes,-they were shown unto me by the power of God and not of man.” “But did you see them with your natural,-your bodily eyes, just as you see this pencil-case in my hand? Now say no or yes to this.” Harris replied,-”Why I did not see them as I do that pencil-case, yet I saw them with the eye of faith; I saw them just as distinctly as I see any thing around me,-though at the time they were covered over with a cloth" 1487:, removed the plates from their hiding place, and walked home through the woods and away from the road with the plates wrapped in a linen frock under his arm. On the way, he said a man had sprung up from behind a log and struck him a "heavy blow with a gun.... Knocking the man down with a single punch, Joseph ran as fast as he could for about a half mile before he was attacked by a second man trying to get the plates. After similarly overpowering the man, Joseph continued to run, but before he reached the house, a third man hit him with a gun. In striking the last man, Joseph said, he injured his thumb." He returned home with a dislocated thumb and other minor injuries. Smith sent his father, 1892:, reportedly weighed them and said in 1830 that they "weighed thirty pounds" (14 kg). Smith's brother William, who had lifted the plates, thought they "weighed about sixty pounds according to the best of my judgment". Others who lifted the plates while they were wrapped in cloth or enclosed in a box thought that they weighed about 60 pounds . Martin Harris said that he had "hefted the plates many times, and should think they weighed forty or fifty pounds ". Smith's wife Emma never estimated the weight of the plates but said they were light enough for her to "move them from place to place on the table, as it was necessary in doing my work". 2020: 1337:. Although Smith later rejected his youthful treasure-hunting activities as frivolous and immaterial, he never repudiated the stones themselves, denied their presumed power to find treasure, or ever relinquish the magic culture in which he was raised. He came to view seeing with a stone in religious terms as the work of a "seer". Smith's first stone, apparently the same one that he used at least part of the time to translate the golden plates, was chocolate-colored and about the size of a chicken egg, found in a deep well he helped dig for one of his neighbors. The LDS Church released photographs of the stone on August 4, 2015. 2099:, anticipated Smith would translate the plates in their entirety and promised in a June 1843 article that "The contents of the plates, together with a Fac-simile of the same, will be published in the 'Times and Seasons,' as soon as the translation is completed." However, the plates were returned untranslated to Wiley and Fugate in Kinderhook. Smith did not express reservations about the plates to any of his compatriots, but whether or not he recognized the Kinderhook plates as fraudulent, "he did not swing into a full-fledged translation" as he had with his earlier encounter with Egyptian scrolls. 1226: 1654: 3220:, p. 242) (an affidavit of Willard Chase, a non-Mormon treasure seeker who believed Smith wrongly appropriated his seer stone). Chase said he heard the story from Smith's father in 1827. Fayette Lapham, who traveled to Palmyra in 1830 to inquire about the Latter Day Saint movement and heard the story from Joseph Smith Sr., said Smith was told to wear an "old-fashioned suit of clothes, of the same color as those worn by the angel", but Lapham did not specify what color of clothing the angel was wearing ( 5543:, p. 201). In 1859, Brigham Young referred to one of these "post-return" testimonies: "Some of the witnesses of the Book of Mormon, who handled the plates and conversed with the angels of God, were afterwards left to doubt and to disbelieve that they had ever seen an angel. One of the Quorum of the Twelve, a young man full of faith and good works, prayed, and the vision of his mind was opened, and the angel of God came and laid the plates before him, and he saw and handled them, and saw the angel." 5396:, p. 57). Though the Eight Witnesses did not refer, like the Three, to an angel or the voice of God, they said that they had hefted the plates and seen the engravings on them: “The translator of this work, has shown unto us the plates of which hath been spoken, which have the appearance of gold; and as many of the leaves as the said Smith has translated we did handle with our hands; and we also saw the engravings thereon, all of which has the appearance of ancient work, and of curious workmanship" ( 3751:, p. 85) (account of Smith's mother). About the time of the scheduled September 22, 1824, meeting with the angel that Alvin was to attend, there were rumors in Palmyra that Alvin's body had been dug up and dissected. To quell such rumors, Smith's father brought witnesses to exhume the body three days after Smith's reported meeting with the angel (September 25) and then ran a notice in a local newspaper, stating that the body remained undisturbed, except, of course, by Smith Sr., and the witnesses. ( 1447:, was also apparently aware of the approaching date to obtain the plates, and Smith was concerned that he might cause trouble. Therefore, on the eve of September 22, 1827, the scheduled date for retrieving the plates, Smith dispatched his father to spy on Lawrence's house until dark. If Lawrence attempted to leave, the elder Smith was to tell him that his son would "thrash the stumps with him" if he found him at the hill. Late at night, Smith took a horse and carriage to the hill 1610: 1584:. That theory is repudiated by Smith's preeminent modern biographers. The most prominent modern theory among many ex-Mormons is that Smith composed the translation in response to the provincial opinions of his time, perhaps while in a magical trance-like state. As a matter of faith, Latter Day Saints generally view the translation process as either an automatic process of transcribing text written within the stone or an intuitive translation by Smith, assisted by a 4406:, p. 172): "Most of Smith's disciples did not emphasize the fact that he was now using for religious purposes the brown seer stone he had previously used for the treasure-quest." Smith's father-in-law, Isaac Hale, said that the "manner in which he pretended to read and interpret was the same as when he looked for the money-diggers, with the stone in his hat, and his hat over his face, while the Book of Plates were at the same time hid in the woods!" ( 4422:("Having placed the Urim and Thummim in his hat, Joseph placed the hat over his face, and with prophetic eyes read the invisible symbols syllable by syllable and word by word."). Michael Morse, Smith's brother-in-law, stating that he watched Smith on several occasions: "The mode of procedure consisted in Joseph's placing the Seer Stone in the crown of a hat, then putting his face into the hat, so as to entirely cover his face." ( 22: 1557: 1801:, is reported to have said that the plates were "fastened together in the shape of a book by wires". In 1859 Harris said that the plates "were seven inches wide by eight inches in length, and were of the thickness of plates of tin; and when piled one above the other, they were altogether about four inches thick; and they were put together on the back by three silver rings, so that they would open like a book". 1790: 142: 2460:, p. 98) "His remark that a plate was not quite as thick as common tin may have been meant to divert attention from the possibility that they were actually made from some material otherwise readily available to him. Indeed, his prohibition against visual inspection seems contrived to the skeptic who might explain that the would-be prophet constructed a set of plates to be felt through a cloth." 6201:, p. 259): "'Were there really gold plates and ministering angels, or was there just Joseph Smith Seated at a table with his face in a hat dictating to a scribe a fictional account of the ancient inhabitants of the Americas?' Resolving that problem haunts loyal Mormons. The blunt questioner quoted is Brigham D. Madsen, a liberal Mormon and onetime history teacher at Brigham Young University." 1568:, which he said allowed him to see the translation. Smith's translation process evolved from his previous use of seer stones in treasure-seeking. During the earliest phase of translation, Smith said he used what he called Urim and Thummim, two stones set in a frame like a set of large spectacles. Witnesses said Smith placed the Urim and Thummim in his hat while he was translating. 4614: 8762: 1988:, which Smith called the "most correct of any book on earth, and the keystone of our religion." However, the golden plates are just one of many known and reputed metal plates with significance in the Latter Day Saint movement. The Book of Mormon itself refers to a long tradition of writing historical records on plates, of which the golden plates are a culmination (see 5417:, p. 171)), and concluding that they show "the marks of common authorship". Palmer also compares a letter from Oliver Cowdery to Hyrum Smith dated June 14, 1829, quoting the language of this revelation (Joseph Smith letterbook (22 November 1835 to 4 August 1835), 5–6). Commentators generally agree that this letter refers to the revelation. See Larry C. Porter, 6354:: "I insert facsimiles of the six brass plates found near Kinderhook ... I have translated a portion of them, and find they contain the history of the person with whom they were found. He was a descendant of Ham, through the loins of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and that he received his kingdom from the Ruler of heaven and earth." More than six pages of 5072:, p. 246) (citing Martin Harris as stating in 1829 that Smith's unborn son would translate the plates at the age of two (this son was stillborn), and thereafter, "you will see Joseph Smith Jr. walking through the streets of Palmyra, with the Gold Bible under his arm, and having a gold breast-plate on, and a gold sword hanging by his side."); 1363: 1756:) into woods in Fayette, New York, where they said they saw an angel holding the golden plates and turning the leaves. The four also said they heard "the voice of the Lord" telling them that the translation of the plates was correct, and commanding them to testify of what they saw and heard. A few days later, Smith took a different group of 1375: 1261:. Smith is the only source for a great deal of the story because much of it occurred while he was the only human witness. Nevertheless, Smith told the story to his family, friends, and acquaintances, and many of them provided second-hand accounts. Other parts of the story are derived from the statements of those who knew Smith, including 1999:, have doubted the historicity of the golden plates and downplayed their significance. For most adherents of the Latter Day Saint faith, however, the physical existence and authenticity of the golden plates are essential elements of their faith. For them, the message of the Book of Mormon is inseparable from the story of its origins. 1621:, visited Harmony with her husband and demanded to see the plates. When Smith refused to show them to her, she searched the house, grounds, and woods. According to Smith's mother, during the search Lucy was frightened by a large, black snake and so was prevented from digging up the plates. As a result of Martin Harris's loss of the 8772: 5036:, 3: 122. John H. Gilbert, the typesetter for most of the book, said that he had asked Harris, "Martin, did you see those plates with your naked eyes?" According to Gilbert, Harris "looked down for an instant, raised his eyes up, and said, 'No, I saw them with a spiritual eye.'" John H. Gilbert, "Memorandum," 8 September 1892, in 1403:. Alvin had died in November 1823, and Smith returned to the hill in 1824 to ask what he should do. Smith said he was told to return the following year (1825) with the "right person" but the angel did not tell Smith who that person might be. However, Smith determined after looking into his seer stone that the "right person" was 5455:(Burnett "came to hear Martin Harris state in public that he never saw the plates with his natural eyes only in vision or imagination, neither Oliver nor David & also that the eight witnesses never saw them & hesitated to sign that instrument for that reason, but were persuaded to do it, the last pedestal gave away"); 2042:– Robert Wiley, Wilburn Fugate, and Bridge Whitton – decided to collaborate to counterfeit a set of metal plates and "startle the natives," as one of Fugate's sons recalled. The trio forged plates from copper, etched them with acid, and buried them in a mound, digging them up on April 23, 1843, in a pretended discovery. The 1495: 1209:, however, accepts the Book of Mormon as scripture but no longer takes an official position on the historicity of the golden plates. Some adherents accept the Book of Mormon as inspired scripture but do not believe that it is a literal translation of a physical historical record, even in the more theologically conservative 2406:, 3: 122. John H. Gilbert was the typesetter for most of the book, and he said that he had asked Harris, "Martin, did you see those plates with your naked eyes?" Harris "looked down for an instant, raised his eyes up, and said, 'No, I saw them with a spiritual eye.'" John H. Gilbert, "Memorandum," 8 September 1892, in 4647:("Oliver Cowdery, one of the three witnesses to the book, testified under oath, that said Smith... translated his book two transparent stones, resembling glass, set in silver bows. That by looking through these, he was able to read in English, the reformed Egyptian characters, which were engraved on the plates."). 5463:, 2: 347 (quoting Harris, near the end of his long life, as saying he had seen the plates in "a state of entrancement"). Harris was resolute, however, as to his position that he had seen the plates in a vision. See Letter of Martin Harris Sr., to Hanna B. Emerson, January 1871, Smithfield, Utah Territory, 1601:, Smith believed "a second transcription would be identical to the first. This confirms the view that the English text existed in some kind of unalterable, spiritual form rather than that someone had to think through difficult conceptual issues and idioms, always resulting in variants in any translation." 1929: 1588: 1575: 1467: 6554: 6347: 2216: 1895: 1431: 1387: 5459:("Martin Harris, one of the subscribing witnesses, has come out at last, and says he never saw the plates, from which the book purports to have been translated, except in vision, and he further says that any man who says he has seen them in any other way is a liar, Joseph not excepted."; Metcalf in 2771: 1937: 1494: 1199: 1126: 1764: 1498: 1414: 1204: 2522: 2083: 1571: 1451: 5101: 4643:("Although in the same room, a thick curtain or blanket was suspended between them, and Smith concealed behind the blanket, pretended to look through his spectacles, or transparent stones, and would then write down or repeat what he saw, which when repeated aloud, was written down by Harris."); 1694: 1609: 1839: 1395: 1374: 1946: 1633: 2229: 1852: 1835: 1216: 1111:, a sacred text of the faith. Some accounts from people who reported handling the plates describe the plates as weighing from 30 to 60 pounds (14 to 27 kg), gold in color, and composed of thin metallic pages engraved with hieroglyphics on both sides and bound with three D-shaped rings. 3683:, p. 10). Smith's sister Katharine (who was 10 at the time) said that Moroni told Smith, "You have not obeyed the commandments as you were commanded to; you must obey His commandments in every particular. You were not to lay them out of your hands until you had them in safe keeping" ( 2389: 1740: 1629: 2185: 3675:, pp. 197–198) (stating that although Smith "supposed his success certain," his failure to keep the "commandments" led to his inability to obtain them). In Smith's 1838 account he said the angel had already told him that he would not receive the plates for another four years ( 1151:. After the translation was complete, Smith said that he returned the plates to the angel Moroni; thus, they could never be examined. Latter Day Saints believe the account of the golden plates as a matter of faith, while critics often assert that Smith manufactured them himself. 4289: 3236:, p. 242) (affidavit of Willard Chase, relating story heard from Smith's father in 1827). A friendly but non-believing Palmyra neighbor, Lorenzo Saunders, heard the story in 1823 from Joseph Smith and also said that Smith was to required to ride a black horse to the hill ( 2208: 3574: 2069: 2074: 5476: 1314:" because the fires of religious revivals had burned over it so often. Western New York was also noted for its participation in a "craze for treasure hunting". Beginning as a youth in the early 1820s, Smith was periodically hired, for about $ 14 per month, as a 1572: 2986:, p. 4); however, other accounts say or imply that the angel may have appeared a year earlier in 1822. Smith's first history in 1832 said that the angel's first visit was on September 22, 1822, although he also said he was "seventeen years of age" ( 1138: 3679:, p. 7). Smith's brother, who was 11 at the time, said "upon his return told us that in consequence of his not obeying strictly the commandments which the angel had given him, he could not obtain the record until four years from that time" ( 2238: 6362:, p. 31) "Church historians continued to insist on the authenticity of the Kinderhook plates until 1980 when an examination conducted by the Chicago Historical Society, possessor of one plate, proved it was a nineteenth-century creation." 4439:(15 November 1879): 341, who was quoting Michael Morse). Smith's wife, Emma, stated that she took dictation from her husband as she sat next to him and that he would put his face into a hat with the stone in it, dictating for hours at a time. ( 2577: 1916: 1378: 6613:"Martin, did you see those plates with your naked eyes?" Martin looked down for an instant, raised his eyes up, and said, "No, I saw them with a spiritual eye" John H. Gilbert, "Memorandum," 8 September 1892, Early Mormon Documents, 2: 548. 2994: 1396: 7646: 1908: 1391: 1780: 1596: 8437: 6870: 2882: 6338: 1831:, are reported to have stated that the rings holding the plates together were, in Hyrum's words, "in the shape of the letter D, which facilitated the opening and shutting of the book". Smith's wife Emma and his younger brother 1728: 5024:, 2: 255. The foreman in the Palmyra printing office that produced the first Book of Mormon said that Harris "used to practice a good deal of his characteristic jargon and 'seeing with the spiritual eye,' and the like." 2394:, 2: 255. The foreman in the Palmyra printing office that produced the first Book of Mormon said that Harris "used to practice a good deal of his characteristic jargon and 'seeing with the spiritual eye,' and the like." 1705: 1507:. Shortly thereafter the empty box was discovered, and the place ransacked by Smith's former treasure-seeking associates, who had enlisted one of the men's sisters to find the hiding place by looking in her seer stone. 1415: 1349:. According to the story, the angel first visited Smith's bedroom late at night, on September 22 in 1822 or 1823. Moroni told Smith that the plates could be found buried in a prominent hill near his home, later called 2850: 2110:(a denomination of Mormons who followed Brigham Young after Smith's death) refused to accept Fugate's confession and defended the Kinderhook plates as authentic and Smith's translation as legitimate until 1980, when 1645:. Smith said that during this move the plates were transported by the angel Moroni, who put them in the garden of the Whitmer house, where Smith could recover them. The translation was completed at the Whitmer home. 1674: 1589: 8834:"Trying to Be Saints – Treasures of the Everlasting Hills – The Hill Cumorah – Obedience to True Principle the Key to Knowledge – All Enjoyment Comes from God – Organization – Duties of Officers – Final Results" 1388: 3417:, calling it a "stone casket," and stating that Smith had to dig down for the box "two and a half or three feet"); according to two non-believing witnesses, however, Smith said they were buried in an iron box ( 1476:. When Emma heard of that, she rode a stray horse to Macedon and informed Smith, who reportedly determined through his Urim and Thummim that the plates were safe. He nevertheless hurriedly rode home with Emma. 5174:) to seek out twelve "disciples", who desired to serve, and who would "go into all the world to preach my gospel unto every creature", and who would be ordained to baptize and to ordain priests and teachers ( 3111:, p. 81), but he disobeyed because he thought that his father would not believe him, and the angel appeared a fourth time to rebuke him and reiterate the commandment (p. 82). Joseph Smith and his sister 1921: 1872: 1896: 1809:, was quoted by an 1831 Palmyra newspaper as having said the plates were "the thickness of tin plate; the back was secured with three small rings ... passing through each leaf in succession". Anomalously, 1143: 1205: 5040:, 2: 548. Two other Palmyra residents said that Harris told them that he had seen the plates with "the eye of faith" or "spiritual eyes." Martin Harris interviews with John A. Clark, 1827 & 1828 in 3671:, p. 2) (saying the angel said "you cant have it now," to which Smith responded, "when can I have it?" and the angel said "the 22nt Day of September next if you Bring the right person with you".); 3380: 2410:, 2: 548. Two other Palmyra residents said that Harris told them that he had seen the plates with "the eye of faith" or "spiritual eyes." Martin Harris interviews with John A. Clark, 1827 & 1828 in 1877:, who said he felt the plates inside a pillow case in 1827, said in 1884 that he understood the plates to be "a mixture of gold and copper ... much heavier than stone, and very much heavier than wood". 903: 1520: 1817:, who said she had "seen and handled" the plates, is quoted as saying they were "eight inches long, and six wide ... all connected by a ring which passes through a hole at the end of each plate". 2999:, p. 78). Smith's father is quoted by an inquirer, who visited his house in 1830, as saying that the first visit by the angel took place in 1822 but that he did not learn about it until 1823 ( 2005:, a Latter-day Saint scholar said in 1957 that he believed even proof of the actual existence of the golden plates would not settle disputes about the Book of Mormon and the story of its origin. 1468: 1733: 3065:, p. 83) (characterizing the angel's requirements as "commandments of God" and saying Smith could receive the plates "not only until he was willing, but able" to keep those commandments). 4394:, p. 171) (Whitmer said that the angel had taken the Urim and Thummim after Smith lost the first 116 pages of manuscript but allowed Smith to continue translating with the brown stone); 8340: 1131:, which he then put in a box. He allowed others to heft the box but said that the angel had forbidden him to show the plates to anyone until they had been translated from their original " 4326: 5056:, 2: 291. A neighbor of Harris in Kirtland, Ohio, said that Harris "never claimed to have seen with his natural eyes, only spiritual vision." Reuben P. Harmon statement, c. 1885, in 2924:, p. 1) (a later-published account using the "ghost" terminology). In 1838, however, Smith later said that the "angel" was a man who had been "dead, and raised again therefrom" ( 2426:, 2: 291. A neighbor of Harris in Kirtland, Ohio, said that Harris "never claimed to have seen with his natural eyes, only spiritual vision." Reuben P. Harmon statement, c. 1885, in 2360:, pp. 169–170, 173) (describing similar methods for both the two-stone Urim and Thummim and the chocolate-colored seer stone). Smith's use of a single stone is well documented ( 1868: 9265: 2225:. In 1838, Harris publicly admitted that "he never saw the plates with his natural eyes, only in vision or imagination." Harris publicly denied that any of the Witnesses to the 1525: 7567: 4362:, another scribe, also said that the spectacles were larger than normal spectacles and indicated that Smith placed them in his hat while translating, rather than wearing them ( 1427:, as the scheduled final date to obtain the plates approached, several Palmyra residents expressed concern "that they were going to lose that treasure" and sent for a skilled 2440: 1503: 2858: 2695:, pp. 42–43) (stating that he was what he called a "money digger" but that it "was never a very profitable job to him, as he only got fourteen dollars a month for it"). 6348: 6072:, 24 January 1888, in David Whitmer Interviews, ed. Cook, 221. Near the end of his life, Whitmer said that one section of the book was "loose, in plates, the other solid". 3915:, p. 99) (Smith's mother, stating Knight and Stowell arrived there September 20, 1827, to inquire on business matters but stayed at the Smith home until September 22). 9757: 5048:, 3: 22. In 1838, Harris is said to have told an Ohio congregation that "he never saw the plates with his natural eyes, only in vision or imagination." Stephen Burnett to 8488: 1744: 9777: 4898:, pp. 52, 55) (including David Whitmer in the list and describing Whitmer's account of the event and citing William Horne Dame Diary, 14 January 1855, stating that 2514:"The Mormon sources constantly refer to the single most troublesome item in Joseph Smith's history, the gold plates on which the Book of Mormon was said to be written." 2481: 3183:, p. 242). Both Knight and Chase were treasure seekers, but while Knight remained a loyal follower until his death, Chase was a critic of Smith by the early 1830s. 1848: 9447: 9243: 9199: 8941: 1472:, had enlisted the talents of a renowned and supposedly talented seer from 60 miles (96 km) away, in an effort to locate where the plates were hidden by means of 2784:, pp. 50–51) Smith "never repudiated the stones or denied their power to find treasure. Remnants of the magical culture stayed with him to the end;" Jan Shipps, 9596: 5451:(during the printing of the Book of Mormon, when asked whether Harris had seen the plates with his bodily eyes, he replied, "No, I saw them with a spiritual eye."); 2182: 5008:, p. 55). At least one Mormon scholar doubts the existence of a Cumorah cave and instead argues that early Mormons saw a vision of a cave in another location. 4603: 9233: 9223: 9097: 7409: 2139: 1736: 1577: 1176:, "For most modern readers, the plates are beyond belief, a phantasm, yet the Mormon sources accept them as fact." Smith said that he returned the plates to the 221: 2505:. They all said that they "saw and hefted" the plates. See Jan Shipps, "Mormonism: The Story of a New Religious Tradition," University of Illinois Press, p. 23. 2364:, pp. 59–62), although Smith said that his earliest translation used a set of stone spectacles called the Urim and Thummim which he found with the plates ( 9186: 1499: 1268: 6398: 3123:, p. 12). Smith's father is quoted by a skeptical interviewer to say that in 1830, Smith delayed telling his father about the vision for about a year ( 2065: 8989: 6253: 2418:, 3: 22. In 1838, Harris told an Ohio congregation that "he never saw the plates with his natural eyes, only in vision or imagination." Stephen Burnett to 1592: 1533:), Emma's hometown, where Smith and his wife had moved in October 1827 with financial assistance from a prominent, though superstitious, Palmyra landowner 8817: 5190:.. Mormon religious and apologetic commentators understand this revelation as referring to the eventual (in 1835, six years later) formation of the first 8868: 5418: 1322:" in attempts to locate lost items and buried treasure. Smith's contemporaries described his method for seeking treasure as putting the stone in a white 964: 1938: 1768: 8810:(February 18, 1855), "The Priesthood and Satan – the Constitution and Government of the United States –Rights and Policy of the Latter-day Saints", in 6297: 1530: 1526: 1333:, a practice he is said to have called "nonsense", despite his use of seer stones. Rather, Smith and his family viewed their folk magical practices as 1185: 43: 36: 1951:, an associate of Smith's who never saw the plates himself but who had spoken with witnesses, that "about two-thirds" of the plates were "sealed up". 9878: 2158: 3583:, p. 86). Willard Chase, who heard the story from Smith's father in 1827, said that Smith was stricken at least twice by a toad-like creature ( 3061:, pp. 225–226) (the angel "told him that he must follow implicitly the divine direction, or he would draw down upon him the wrath of heaven"); 6487:. "If Smith ever came to suspect the authenticity of the Kinderhook plates, he apparently never voiced any concern to his inner circle of friends." 4459:, said that she had never seen a curtain raised between Smith and Cowdery or her brothers while translation was taking place in the Whitmer home ( 3003:, p. 305). A neighbor who said Smith told him the story in 1823 said the angel appeared "a year or two before" the death of Joseph's brother 2187: 9194: 7589: 6499:, p. 90. "Joseph may not have detected the fraud, but he did not swing into a full-fledged translation as he had with the Egyptian scrolls." 3615: 3591:. Fayette Lapham, who said he heard the story in about 1830 from Smith's father, said Smith was stricken three times with ever-increasing force ( 2107: 2060:, a publication of the church and of the city respectively, reprinted the story. The Mormon community soon expressed much interest in the plates. 1210: 4818:, p. 125) (stating that the angel took back the Urim and Thummim but referring to the revelation, which stated the plates were taken too); 9545: 6955: 5413:, pp. 195–196), who compared "The Testimony of Three Witnesses" to part of the Doctrine and Covenants written in 1829 (first published at 3856: 2294:(stating that by 1829 the plates were "generally known and spoken of as the 'Golden Bible'"). Use of those terms has been rare since the 1830s. 3115: 9747: 2150: 1453: 5966:. See, for example, Isaiah 29:11, Daniel 12:4, and Revelation 5:1–5. The Book of Mormon states that this vision was originally given to the 4366:). However, a man who interviewed Smith's father in 1830 said that Smith did at least some of the translation while he wore the spectacles ( 3599:, p. 1). Smith himself said he made three unsuccessful attempts to take the plates that day but he did not mention his being stricken ( 9533: 9496: 8083: 7273: 7250: 7227: 7204: 3911:, p. 3) (Saying Knight went to Rochester on business and then passed back through Palmyra so that he could be there on September 22); 702: 9752: 1170: 8124: 9401: 9356: 3497:, p. 13), the vessel in which the gold was melted, a rolling machine for gold plates, and three balls of gold as large as a fist ( 1989: 1180: 2591: 9218: 8527: 8493: 4262: 1576: 7740: 4354:, one of Smith's scribes, is reported to have said that the spectacles were made for a giant and could not have been worn by Smith ( 2324:, pp. 600n65, 601n96). Vogel estimates that solid gold plates of the same dimensions would weigh about 140 pounds (64 kg). 1545: 9883: 9848: 8916: 7969: 3595:, p. 306). Two neighbors who heard the story from Smith in Harmony in the late 1820s said Smith was knocked down three times ( 1074: 949: 8585: 1884:, Smith told him in 1827 that the plates weighed between 40 and 60 pounds (18–27 kg), most likely the latter. Smith's father 1423: 9479: 8861: 7568:"Interview with the Father of Joseph Smith, the Mormon Prophet, Forty years Ago. His Account of the Finding of the Sacred Plates" 1836: 1724: 813: 3991:, p. 101). Smith's friend Joseph Knight Sr., said that Smith was even more fascinated by the Interpreters than the plates ( 7788: 3971:, p. 104) (Smith had cut away the bark of a decaying log, placed the plates inside and then covered the log with debris); 1516: 1399: 1019: 3292:, p. 12) (stating that Smith told the angel during the fourth visit that he was afraid his Father would not believe him). 1965: 1564: 1345: 9291: 9078: 8934: 8687: 8607: 8502: 8415: 8022: 7823: 7690: 7314: 7064: 7020: 6859: 6312: 5947: 5740: 4038:, p. 15) (saying that Smith's father "heard that they had got a conjurer, who they said would come and find the plates." 3352: 3345: 3004: 1400: 3264:(statement of Orson Saunders of Palmyra, who heard the story from Benjamin Saunders, who heard the story from Joseph Smith). 86: 9663: 9486: 8924: 6662: 6350: 5187: 2962: 2944:, pp. 42–43. In distinction from his other accounts, Smith's 1838 autobiography said that the angel's name was Nephi ( 999: 883: 5149:(chapter 2) also made reference to three witnesses, stating that the plates would be shown to them "by the power of God" ( 58: 9452: 5353: 3094:, p. 6) (saying the angel commanded him to "have no other object in view in getting the plates but to glorify God.") 2502: 1979: 1913: 1560: 1407:, his future wife. For the visit on September 22, 1825, Smith may have attempted to bring his treasure-hunting associate 1310:. At the time, churches in the region contended so vigorously for souls that western New York later became known as the " 929: 540: 9540: 9523: 9371: 8970: 8854: 3715:(statement of Orson Saunders, who heard the account from his uncle Benjamin Saunders, who heard it from Smith in 1827). 1326:, putting his face over the hat to block the light, and then "seeing" the information in the reflections of the stone. 838: 808: 803: 8217: 7547: 7439: 6784: 6752: 5162: 3731:, p. 307) (account of Fayette Lapham, who became a skeptic after hearing the story from Smith's father in 1830); 1687:. There, Smith is said to have placed the plates on a table near "many wagon loads" of other ancient records, and the 9868: 9863: 9571: 9518: 8896: 8654: 8324: 8239: 7982: 7745: 7656: 7627: 7496: 7048: 7035: 6975: 6928: 6907: 6555: 6518: 6040: 5220: 4351: 3373: 3325: 3128: 3057:, p. 6) (saying the angel told him to obey his charge concerning the plates; "otherwise I could not get them"); 2482: 2386: 2279: 2201: 1874: 1869: 1798: 1773: 1737: 1614: 1534: 1164: 823: 342: 312: 194: 105: 65: 6636: 5215: 2372:, was the only known witness of the Urim and Thummim, which she said she had observed when covered by a thin cloth ( 9827: 9804: 9716: 9469: 9396: 9321: 9296: 9083: 9068: 9039: 8786: 5735: 1281: 6823: 4774:("The plates were not before Joseph while he translated, but seem to have been removed by the custodian angel."). 9893: 9508: 9491: 9311: 9056: 6428: 5975: 5183: 4190:, p. 107) (saying she saw the glistening metal, and estimating the breastplate's value at over 500 dollars). 1549:, a schoolteacher who volunteered to serve as Smith's full-time scribe. In June 1829, Smith and Cowdery moved to 1034: 989: 828: 818: 590: 505: 500: 387: 6248: 3787:, p. 15) (saying that Smith "knew when he saw her that she was the one to go with him to get the records"). 2079: 2027: 9668: 9623: 9459: 9376: 9366: 3587:, p. 242). Account of Benjamin Saunders, a sympathetic nonbeliever who heard the story from Smith in 1827 2195: 1565: 1319: 1238: 1140: 984: 979: 430: 407: 392: 72: 8188: 7872:"The Faith and Visions of the Ancient Saints – The Same Great Blessing to be Enjoyed by the Latter-day Saints" 2106:, and in the letter Fugate revealed the hoax and the fabrication of the plates. Nevertheless, many members of 1695: 1658: 1637: 9858: 9853: 9228: 9107: 9051: 8272: 6358:, 5:372–379 discuss the Kinderhook plates, and Smith directed Reuben Hedlock to make woodcuts of the plates. 4587:, p. 72) (arguing that this transcription method is the only one consistent with the historical record). 1048: 710: 490: 402: 289: 9528: 9406: 4432: 2948:, p. 4); nevertheless, modern historians and Latter Day Saints generally refer to the angel as Moroni. 1160: 1067: 435: 151: 7996: 6300: 3533: 2973:, p. 144; however, that astrological significance was never mentioned by Smith or his contemporaries. 54: 9336: 9253: 9093: 8429: 5369: 3579:, pp. 197–198). Smith's mother said that he was stricken by a force but did not say how many times ( 3541:, stating that when Smith was looking in the box for other artifacts, he had not yet removed the plates). 3461:, p. 13, saying it was the "breast-plate of Laban"), a set of large spectacles made of seer stones ( 2982: 2875: 2131: 1537:. The translation occurred in two phases: the first, from December 1827 to June 1828, during which Smith 1480: 1307: 1119: 1014: 251: 8190: 5987: 3651:, p. 198) (saying that Smith exclaimed, without premeditation, "Why can I not obtain this book?"); 3328:, who was 11 at the time, said he also told the rest of his family that day prior to visiting the hill ( 1200: 9474: 9464: 9411: 8929: 8799: 7292: 5962: 1293: 1147: 730: 8304: 7473: 7449: 7382: 7105: 6774: 1880: 1853: 9248: 8906: 8877: 8464: 8443: 8079: 7500: 6587: 3604: 3341: 3112: 2019: 1832: 1777: 1269: 1088: 2663: 9782: 8946: 7320: 6815: 6797: 6449: 6304: 5776: 5373: 5288: 3474: 2878: 2548:, p. 538). Standard language treatises contain no reference to "reformed Egyptian", including 2066: 1761: 1725: 1715: 1662: 1464: 1262: 1181: 1148: 994: 959: 916: 868: 545: 425: 397: 204: 2990:, p. 3), which would have made the year 1823 (he turned 17 in December 1822). In 1835, after 1942: 9386: 9381: 9129: 7305: 6966: 5886:"History and the Claims of Revelation: Joseph Smith and the Materialization of the Golden Plates" 4272: 3449:, pp. 15–16). According to various accounts, the artifacts may have included a breastplate ( 2213: 2111: 2023: 1933: 1060: 843: 445: 125: 32: 2441:"Book of Mormon/Witnesses/"Eye of Faith" and "Spiritual Eye" statements by Martin Harris – FAIR" 9513: 9442: 9316: 9073: 8763:"An Old Mormon's Closing Hours: David Whitmer, One of the Pioneers of That Faith, Passing Away" 8602: 8245: 7921: 7871: 7843: 5478: 3655:, p. 14) (saying Smith asked, "Lord, what have I done, that I can not get these records?") 2244: 2115: 1299: 878: 750: 510: 470: 362: 307: 8675: 8593: 8468: 8385: 8165: 8146: 7894: 7599: 7369: 7354: 7168: 7141: 6994: 6801: 1370:" (looking south), where Smith said he found the golden plates on the west side, near the peak 9903: 9898: 9888: 9873: 9794: 9501: 9346: 9281: 9258: 9238: 8901: 8823: 8767: 8727: 8532: 8512: 8473: 8296: 8266: 8170: 7945: 7930: 7903: 7876: 7833: 7150: 6919: 6229: 6043:, anyone who looked into the "interpreters", "except by the command of God", would "perish" ( 5545: 5539: 5423: 4826:, 9:1, p. 22) (a revelation referring only to the plates and to Smith's "gift" to translate). 2871: 2305:"History & Culture – Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail (U.S. National Park Service)" 2143: 2142:. The Voree plates were alleged to have been written by an ancient inhabitant of what is now 2035: 1408: 909: 8833: 8815: 3803:, p. 3) (saying Lawrence was a seer and had been to the hill and knew what was there); 9416: 9361: 9211: 9103: 8980: 8438: 8431: 7858: 7847: 6819: 6632: 6453: 5490: 5191: 3405: 2904: 2088: 2031: 1311: 1189: 923: 550: 79: 8545: 6939: 6133:, p. 30), assumed that Smith could "break the seal" if only he had been "permitted" ( 2304: 2104: 8: 9772: 9421: 9351: 9341: 9286: 9206: 8151: 7774: 6806: 5617: 3927:, p. 3) (saying Lawrence was a seer, had been to the hill, and knew what was there). 2651: 2146:, while the Book of the Law of the Lord was alleged by Strang to be a translation of the 1996: 1585: 1500: 1206: 1029: 560: 7617: 2523: 9673: 9642: 9581: 8956: 8714: 8706: 8634: 8626: 8581: 8570: 8292: 7802: 7766: 7717: 7709: 7533: 7431: 7405: 7359: 7091: 7083: 6473: 6420: 6394: 6224: 5907: 5759: 5102: 4600: 4599:, pp. 479 n.302, 482 n.335) (expressing his personal view shared by several other 3979:, p. 15) (saying Smith "brought them part way home and hid them in a hollow log"). 2179: 1444: 1225: 1024: 525: 8746:"An Address to All Believers in Christ By A Witness to the Divine Authenticity of the 8572: 8447: 7762: 7324: 7268: 3179:, p. 2), and Willard Chase, an associate of Smith's in Palmyra during the 1820s ( 2247: 1772: 1440: 9799: 9721: 9635: 9608: 9171: 9166: 9088: 8999: 8820:, vol. 2, Liverpool: F.D. & S.W. Richards (published 1855), pp. 179–190 8718: 8650: 8638: 8541: 8411: 8363: 8320: 8235: 7978: 7819: 7770: 7754: 7721: 7652: 7633: 7623: 7583: 7539: 7527: 7521: 7487: 7481: 7463: 7457: 7435: 7396: 7390: 7245: 7222: 7119: 7113: 7095: 7044: 7016: 6981: 6971: 6949: 6924: 6903: 6855: 6788: 6782: 6514: 6424: 6308: 5943: 5911: 5763: 5465: 5329: 5325: 5224: 3514: 3172: 2879: 2076: 2050: 2014: 1960: 1683:, and possibly others accompanied Smith and returned the plates to a cave inside the 1642: 1581: 1550: 1538: 1488: 1437: 1196:. The credibility of the plates has been a "troublesome item", according to Bushman. 1132: 1004: 969: 954: 273: 8558: 5754: 5128: 4390:, pp. 59–62) (containing an overview of witnesses to the translation process); 3090:, p. 5) (saying he was commanded to "have an eye single to the glory of God"); 1813: 1653: 9706: 9391: 9331: 9326: 9306: 9301: 9156: 9151: 8975: 8951: 8838: 8696: 8616: 8586:"Mormonism: Authentic Account of the Origin of The Sect from One of the Patriarchs" 8381: 8372: 8335: 8300: 8161: 7992: 7964: 7758: 7699: 7517: 7477: 7453: 7423: 7414: 7386: 7109: 7073: 7015:, vol. 2, Salt Lake City: Signature Books (published 1999), pp. 290–292, 6778: 6581: 6412: 6403: 5967: 5899: 5749: 5345: 5179: 5049: 4783: 4427: 2966: 2896: 2494: 2419: 2092: 1918: 1885: 1810: 1009: 833: 775: 770: 480: 372: 327: 8358: 7667: 7427: 7199: 6709: 6416: 5247:, and Smith's dictated revelation designating the three of them as the witnesses ( 3332:, pp. 9–10), but he may have been remembering Smith tell the story the night 3131:, who was 11 at the time, said the angel commanded him to tell his entire family ( 9701: 9603: 9591: 9034: 8425: 8405: 8401: 8136: 8114: 8058: 8043: 8010: 7974: 7950: 7793: 7783: 7040: 7030: 6899: 6887: 6851: 6298: 6257: 5317: 5244: 5171: 3377: 3104: 2812:, p. 108). Roberts was at the time the official historian of the LDS Church. 2768: 2369: 2218: 2205: 2147: 2056: 1943: 1939: 1889: 1858: 1849: 1828: 1814: 1806: 1769: 1757: 1753: 1598: 1457: 1329: 1173: 873: 848: 664: 649: 297: 214: 209: 7342: 7129: 3517:, a loyal lifelong follower who had worked with Smith in treasure expeditions); 2536:, which outlines the main arguments for and against Book of Mormon authenticity. 1192: 9737: 9711: 9696: 9658: 9618: 9426: 9176: 9136: 9046: 8811: 8745: 8554: 8528:"Review of Little Known Evidences of the Book of Mormon by Brenton G. Yorgason" 8308: 8258: 8221: 7543: 7264: 7241: 7218: 7195: 7060:"Scrying for the Lord: Magic, Mysticism, and the Origins of the Book of Mormon" 6770: 5292: 5236: 5163: 5025: 4996:, p. 55) (citing reporter Edward Stevenson's 1877 interview with Whitmer). 4927: 4803: 4456: 4455:, p. 173). However, Elizabeth Ann Whitmer, later to be the wife of scribe 3808: 3571: 3538: 3478: 3135:, p. 9), but he may have been remembering Smith tell the story that night 2991: 2486: 2395: 2114: 2030: 1985: 1910: 1745: 1730: 1688: 1676: 1657: 1622: 1593: 1546: 1542: 1433: 1362: 1356: 1334: 1330: 1277: 1273: 1258: 1242: 1193: 1108: 974: 765: 689: 679: 654: 575: 465: 440: 377: 322: 179: 133: 118: 7146:. The Smith Family, Cowdery, Harris, and Other Old Neighbors – What They Know" 6732: 5974:, and then "sealed up". Book of Mormon, Ether 1:2. According to this account, 5903: 2194:. David Whitmer, a friend of Cowdery, similarly reported visions and owned a 9842: 9809: 9613: 9586: 9146: 9141: 9063: 9027: 9022: 8829: 8807: 8758: 8741: 8732: 8517: 8262: 8194: 8054: 8039: 8006: 7350: 6753:"1388: Recreating the Book of Mormon Plates with Trent Told – Mormon Stories" 6542: 5333: 5321: 5284: 5240: 5167: 5146: 4359: 3771:, p. 14) (saying the angel said, "You will know her when you see her."). 3612: 2490: 1934: 1881: 1854: 1802: 1749: 1698: 1680: 1638: 1469: 1452: 1424: 1323: 684: 639: 629: 460: 450: 189: 184: 8846: 8084:"Katharine Smith Salisbury's Recollections of Joseph's Meetings with Moroni" 7637: 5885: 4778: 2493:; then a group of eight: five members of the Whitmer family, Smith's father 1840: 9814: 9762: 9742: 9630: 9161: 9124: 8354: 8316: 8288: 8254: 8231: 8213: 8184: 8105: 8031: 6667: 6376: 5697: 5337: 4619: 3727:, p. 2) (account of Joseph Knight Sr., a lifelong follower of Smith); 3490: 3368:, p. 252) (statement by Henry Harris, a non-Mormon Palmyra resident); 2592:"They 'Shall Blossom as the Rose': Native Americans and the Dream of Zion," 2171: 2138:– one of three major contenders to succeed Smith – who went on to lead the 2135: 2127: 1947: 1926: 1824: 1721: 1684: 1626: 1346: 1303: 1254: 1250: 1234: 1230: 1177: 1123: 1104: 674: 659: 644: 634: 624: 317: 169: 8270: 8225: 7837: 6985: 4338:, p. 35) (referring to the Urim and Thummim as "mammoth spectacles"). 3529:, p. 14) (account of Smith's sister, saying this occurred on Smith's 3521:, p. 85) (account by Smith's mother, saying this occurred on Smith's 2969: 2356:, pp. 52–53) (citing numerous witnesses of the translation process); 1521: 1237:. The artifacts include the golden plates and a set of spectacles made of 9566: 8840:, vol. 19, Liverpool: William Budge (published 1878), pp. 36–45 8456: 8091: 7917: 7890: 7867: 7552: 6828: 6334:, p. 291): "The whole of Nauvoo soon buzzed with the discovery. The 6126: 5937: 5936: 5372: 5349: 5076:, p. 264) (stating that the first witness would be "a young child”). 4981: 4899: 4126:, p. 15) (mentioning the dislocated thumb and an injury to his arm). 3349: 2772: 2676: 2498: 2240: 2191: 2043: 2002: 1948: 1820: 1797: 1793: 1618: 1556: 1428: 760: 669: 619: 199: 8710: 8630: 7713: 7087: 5978: 5496: 4933: 4010: 1491:, and Josiah Stowell to search for the pursuers, but they found no one. 9576: 8605:; Walker, Steven C. (Summer 1982), "Joseph Smith: The Gift of Seeing", 7684: 7164: 5341: 4775: 3019:, p. 4) (identifying the hill but not referring to it by a name); 2463: 2175: 1473: 1404: 1201: 347: 174: 8685: 5638: 5320: 3863: 2648: 1504: 1257:, translated, and returned to the angel before the publication of the 9561: 8994: 8891: 8701: 8621: 8128: 8106: 7811: 7704: 7078: 7059: 7008: 6891: 6843: 6454:"The Kinderhook Plates: Excerpt from Answering Mormon Scholars Vol 2" 3943:, p. 15) (Emma "didn't see the records, but she went with him"). 3647:, p. 2) (saying Smith exclaimed, "why Cant I stur this Book?"); 3557:, p. 2) (account by Smith's lifelong friend Joseph Knight Sr.); 780: 725: 715: 515: 475: 455: 268: 261: 256: 241: 8489:"One of the Three Witnesses: Incidents in the Life of Martin Harris" 6570: 5535: 3807:, p. 164) (identifying Samuel T. Lawrence as a practitioner of 1625: 21: 8961: 8198: 7998: 5344:; and (2) the older males of the Smith family, including is father 4543:, p. 455 n.273) (arguing that the theory has been repudiated). 2270: 2039: 720: 580: 352: 246: 8341: 8287: 8145: 7839: 7319:, Palmyra, New York: typescript located in Harold B. Lee Library, 7007: 6970:(Second edition, revised and enlarged ed.), New York: Knopf, 4319: 3107: 2594: 2365: 9691: 8783: 6737: 6478: 5044:, 2: 270; Jesse Townsend to Phineas Stiles, 24 December 1833, in 4259: 3607: 3025: 2958: 2414:, 2: 270; Jesse Townsend to Phineas Stiles, 24 December 1833, in 2167: 1973: 1897: 1669: 1484: 1448: 1367: 1351: 1315: 1253: 1115: 745: 740: 585: 570: 420: 412: 382: 357: 337: 302: 159: 8449: 6341: 5287: 2166: 1463: 7856: 5702: 5700: 3336: 3139: 2102: 1789: 735: 600: 595: 555: 485: 367: 8071: 6102: 2118: 1114: 141: 9789: 9017: 7818:. Vol. 2. Salt Lake City: Signature Books. p. 289. 7410:"Sacred Writing on Metal Plates in the Ancient Mediterranean" 5971: 5963: 5890: 5662: 4726: 4503:, p. 72) (Joseph said almost nothing about his method); 3344: 2597: 1249: 1184: 1128: 755: 535: 530: 520: 495: 332: 9758: 6129:, who said he had spoken with many witnesses of the plates,( 5583: 5503: 5501: 5499: 4938: 4936: 4015: 4013: 1784: 1604: 9778: 8796: 6263: 565: 8407: 8253: 8060: 8045: 8012: 5414: 5304: 5248: 3868: 3866: 3252:, p. 242) (affidavit of the skeptical Willard Chase). 3192: 2937: 1969: 1217: 9597: 6890:(1996). "Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim (March 27, 1876)". In 5970:, recorded by Ether on a set of 24 plates later found by 3570: 2828:, pp. 305–306). The stone was found in either 1819 ( 7619: 6824:"James Gordon Bennett's 1831 Report on 'The Mormonites'" 6683: 6472: 6448: 5939: 4802:, pp. 115–116). Lucy may have caused the "loss" of 4519:, p. 455 n.273) (most common 19th-century theory); 1553:, completing the translation early the following month. 1127: 6508: 6107: 6105: 4118:, pp. 104–106) (mentioning the dislocated thumb); 2140: 1443: 8410:, London: J.G.F. & J. Rivington (published 1842), 7548:"Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History" 6637:"Martin Harris : The Kirtland Years, 1831 - 1870" 6490: 5667: 5665: 5419:"Dating the Restoration of the Melchizedek Priesthood" 4731: 4729: 5588: 5586: 5223: 4322:, p. 5). Early followers of Smith used the term 3537:, p. 197) (account by Smith's second-in-command 2675:. The treasure-seeking culture in early-19th-century 8024: 6484: 6474: 6296: 3735:, p. 14) (account of Smith's sister Katharine). 1995: 1865: 1432: 5573: 5571: 5235:, p. 51). When Harris arrived, he joined with 4894:, p. 38) (mentioning only Smith and Cowdery); 4615:"Joseph, the stone and the hat: Why it all matters" 4122:, p. 166) (mentioning an injury to his side); 1843: 7616:Marquardt, H. Michael; Walters, Wesley P. (1994), 6842:Benton, Abram W. (March 1831), "Reminiscence", in 6513:. New York: HarperSanFrancisco. pp. 338–339. 5231:, p. 138), to inquire about the translation ( 2786:Mormonism: The Story of a New Religious Tradition, 1382: 1186:Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies 8601: 7300:Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William, eds. (1996), 6733:"Joseph Smith Brings the Plates Home - Dan Vogel" 4488: 4460: 4423: 4395: 4387: 4327: 2361: 2353: 1984:The golden plates are the reputed source for the 9840: 9234:Christian fellowships of "the Remnants" movement 8649:. (Vols. 1-5). Salt Lake City: Signature Books. 7615: 6631: 6572:(Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Co., 1989), I: 10. 5568: 5145:, pp. 11–12). Smith's dictated text of the 3171:This commandment is described in the account of 2646:, ch.1–6) (official history of the LDS Church); 2349: 2286:, pp. 102, 109, 113, 145) (use of the term 9195:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 7187:David Whitmer Interviews: A Restoration Witness 6591:"Book of Mormon Witnesses"; Oliver Cowdery and 2560:. "Reformed Egyptian" is also not discussed in 2402:(New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1867) p. 71 in 2108:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 1241:, which Smith called the Urim and Thummim. The 1233:'s description of receiving artifacts from the 7729:Ostling, Richard N.; Ostling, Joan K. (1999), 7728: 7651:, Grand Rapids, MI: Xulon Press, p. 632, 6509:Ostling, Richard N.; Ostling, Joan K. (1999). 6198: 2603: 2519: 1974:Significance in the Latter Day Saint tradition 1925:Smith may have understood the sealing to be a 9074:Doctrine and Covenants (Book of Commandments) 8990:Church of Jesus Christ (Bickertonite) history 8876: 8862: 7598:Lewis, Joseph; Lewis, Hiel (April 30, 1879), 7299: 6393: 6237:(4): 104–116 – via BYU ScholarsArchive. 5032:(New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1867), 71 in 4926:, p. 38) (Young said he heard this from 4822:, p. 5) (referring only to the plates); 3151: 3149: 2900:, p. 4), and possibly as early as 1829 ( 2549: 2178:. Joseph Smith reportedly guided local seer 1930:plates were "sealed by the prayer of faith." 1903: 1709: 1068: 8680:. The Salt Lake Daily Tribune. Vol. 19. 7807:, The Evangelist (published October 1, 1838) 6871:"Archaeological Work at the Smith Log House" 3175:, a loyal Latter Day Saint friend of Smith ( 2290:in 1827–29 by believing Palmyra neighbors); 2048:published a story on the discovery, and the 1760:to a location near Smith's parents' home in 1245:and an ancient breastplate are shown nearby. 9753:Bibliography of books critical of Mormonism 9266:List of Reorganized Restorationist churches 8359:"Church History [Wentworth Letter]" 8063:, vol. 4, Salt Lake City: Deseret News 8048:, vol. 3, Salt Lake City: Deseret News 8015:, vol. 1, Salt Lake City: Deseret News 7588:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3553:, p. 85) (account by Smith's mother); 3376:, a Latter Day Saint who became one of the 2650:, vol. 1, ch. 1–2 (official history of the 2586: 2584: 1211:Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 8869: 8855: 8644: 7597: 7471: 7447: 6954:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6710: 6697: 6690: 6684: 5942:. Deseret Book Company. pp. 174–176. 5243:to request that the three be named as the 3596: 3561:, p. 14) (account of Smith's sister). 3498: 3422: 3365: 3146: 2921: 2909: 2732: 2704: 1990:List of plates (Latter Day Saint movement) 1701:is quoted as stating that he saw just the 1634:directions but could not find the plates. 1265:who said that they saw the golden plates. 1075: 1061: 140: 8836:, in Evans, D.W.; Gibbs, Geo. F. (eds.), 8700: 8620: 8486: 8275:, Kirtland, Ohio: F. G. Williams & Co 8122: 8104: 8082:(April 10, 1895), Walker, Kyle R. (ed.), 8078: 7946:"Were the Golden Plates Made of Tumbaga?" 7731:Mormon America: The Power and the Promise 7703: 7644: 7274:Latter Day Saints' Messenger and Advocate 7251:Latter Day Saints' Messenger and Advocate 7228:Latter Day Saints' Messenger and Advocate 7205:Latter Day Saints' Messenger and Advocate 7077: 6533:Early Mormonism and the Magical Worldview 6511:Mormon America: The Power and the Promise 5753: 5637: 5186:, who would be a leading body of Smith's 4863: 4759: 4484: 4199: 4155: 4139: 4123: 4091: 4051: 4035: 3976: 3940: 3784: 3768: 3744: 3732: 3684: 3652: 3608: 3588: 3558: 3526: 3494: 3486: 3470: 3458: 3434: 3353: 3289: 3237: 3197: 3120: 3023:, p. 196) (referring to the hill as 2233: 2008: 1861:, as having said that the plates were a " 1785:Described format, binding, and dimensions 1605:Location of the plates during translation 1510: 1276:part of this 1838 account as part of its 1154: 106:Learn how and when to remove this message 9879:History of the Latter Day Saint movement 8780: 8580: 8525: 8144: 8068: 7970:Early Mormonism and the Magic World View 7683: 7263: 7240: 7217: 7057: 6696:Reuben P. Harmon statement, c. 1885, in 6677: 6056: 6039:Book of Mormon, Ether 4:5. According to 5736:"Empirical Witnesses of the Gold Plates" 5616:Statement by Hyrum Smith as reported by 5296: 5203: 5182:, this was a reference to selecting the 5009: 4875: 4767: 4612: 3712: 3672: 3648: 3576: 3534: 3450: 3406: 3261: 3020: 2996: 2581: 2565: 2561: 2533: 2018: 1964: 1788: 1652: 1555: 1361: 1224: 1099:or in some 19th-century literature, the 950:Book of Mormon Historic Publication Site 8793: 8757: 8740: 8725: 8053: 8038: 8020: 8005: 7855: 7800: 7404: 7368:Hadley, Jonathan A. (August 11, 1829), 7349: 7312: 7286: 7194: 7029: 7006: 6992: 6886: 6814: 6796: 6703: 6496: 6363: 6327: 6269: 6222: 6186: 6150: 6122: 6096: 5691: 5625: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5393: 5276: 5260: 5232: 5030:Origin, Rise, and Progress of Mormonism 4771: 4584: 4556: 4536: 4500: 4419: 4363: 4303: 3616: 3418: 3414: 2917: 2833: 2809: 2797: 2781: 2764: 2752: 2740: 2672: 2643: 2557: 2553: 2515: 2469: 2400:Origin, Rise, and Progress of Mormonism 2345: 2291: 2212:In 1837, Harris and others accused the 1648: 1418: 814:Book of Mormon and the King James Bible 9841: 8684: 8568: 8560:Origin, Rise and Progress of Mormonism 8553: 8511:Storey, Wilbur F. (October 17, 1881), 8510: 8494:The Latter Day Saints' Millennial Star 8400: 8333: 8280: 7943: 7832: 7782: 7738: 7665: 7565: 7538: 7495: 7367: 7339: 7313:Gilbert, John H. (September 8, 1892), 7289:The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language 7134:, Philadelphia: W.J. & J.K. Simmon 6963: 6937: 6841: 6769: 6359: 6331: 6292: 6290: 6288: 6286: 6284: 6282: 6280: 6278: 6210: 6111: 6073: 6044: 5924: 5859: 5835: 5800: 5788: 5733: 5729: 5727: 5683: 5604: 5577: 5562: 5540: 5507: 5410: 5300: 5175: 5142: 5129: 5005: 4993: 4980:, p. 55) (quoting a statement by 4977: 4965: 4911: 4895: 4823: 4787: 4786:said they were "hid in the mountains" 4716: 4700: 4684: 4668: 4656: 4644: 4552: 4532: 4520: 4399: 4367: 4355: 4335: 4291: 4243: 4215: 4171: 4119: 4103: 4019: 3992: 3972: 3952: 3924: 3908: 3872: 3857: 3820: 3804: 3800: 3780: 3764: 3728: 3724: 3700: 3676: 3668: 3644: 3592: 3554: 3510: 3482: 3466: 3454: 3446: 3410: 3393: 3381: 3369: 3321: 3305: 3273: 3221: 3205: 3200:, p. 14) and by two non-Mormons ( 3176: 3159: 3155: 3124: 3116: 3091: 3054: 3016: 3000: 2983: 2945: 2941: 2925: 2905: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2736: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2692: 2639: 2590:W. Grant McMurray|McMurray, W. Grant, 2271: 2161: 2126:Two other sets of alleged plates, the 1517:Life of Joseph Smith from 1827 to 1830 42:Please improve this article by adding 9079:Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible 8850: 8828: 8806: 8688:Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 8666:Joseph Smith: The Making of a Prophet 8663: 8608:Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 8575:, Rochester, New York: William Alling 8463: 8442: 8424: 8380: 8353: 8218:"History of the Life of Joseph Smith" 8212: 8183: 8160: 7991: 7963: 7916: 7889: 7866: 7810: 7691:Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 7127: 7103: 7065:Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 6916: 6868: 6375: 6174: 6162: 6134: 6130: 6027: 5997: 5935: 5883: 5871: 5847: 5823: 5812: 5741:Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 5718: 5706: 5687: 5671: 5656: 5523: 5519: 5436: 5397: 5381: 5377: 5365: 5280: 5264: 5228: 5216: 5150: 5089: 5069: 4942: 4923: 4891: 4879: 4859: 4835: 4819: 4815: 4799: 4747: 4735: 4720: 4680: 4640: 4596: 4572: 4568: 4540: 4516: 4504: 4440: 4403: 4391: 4383: 4347: 4331: 4307: 4255: 4239: 4227: 4211: 4187: 4175: 4151: 4135: 4115: 4099: 4087: 4075: 4063: 4047: 4031: 4004: 3988: 3968: 3964: 3936: 3912: 3896: 3884: 3844: 3832: 3796: 3752: 3748: 3696: 3680: 3664: 3640: 3628: 3600: 3584: 3580: 3550: 3518: 3462: 3337: 3329: 3317: 3301: 3285: 3249: 3233: 3217: 3201: 3193: 3180: 3140: 3132: 3108: 3087: 3075: 3062: 3058: 3042: 3038: 2987: 2970: 2913: 2897: 2837: 2712: 2680: 2627: 2615: 2545: 2457: 2373: 2357: 2333: 2321: 2283: 1340: 9664:Latter Day Saints in popular culture 8752:. Richmond, Missouri: David Whitmer. 8673: 7516: 7380: 7184: 7163: 7139: 6399:"A One-sided View of Mormon Origins" 6146: 6085: 5592: 5368:. Because of a foreclosure on their 5116: 5103: 5085: 5073: 4847: 4779: 4763: 4712: 4696: 4472: 4452: 4407: 4379: 4167: 4095: 2788:University of Illinois Press, p. 11. 2708: 15: 9402:Spectrums of orthodoxy and practice 8726:Whitmer, John C. (August 7, 1875), 7801:Parrish, Warren (August 11, 1838), 7789:An Insider's View of Mormon Origins 7490:: Telegraph Press, pp. 251–252 7466:: Telegraph Press, pp. 253–254 7399:: Telegraph Press, pp. 262–266 7122:: Telegraph Press, pp. 240–248 6993:Burnett, David S. (March 7, 1831), 6791:: Telegraph Press, pp. 270–272 6275: 5724: 4806:, which Smith had lent her husband. 2957:September 22 was listed in a local 2153: 2121: 1980:Mormonism and engraved metal plates 13: 9541:List of prophecies of Joseph Smith 8139:(published 1998), pp. 159–160 7944:Putnam, Read H. (September 1966), 7622:, San Francisco: Signature Books, 6568:Palmer, 179; Dean C. Jessee, ed., 4613:Peterson, Daniel (27 March 2015). 1539:transcribed some of the characters 1272:denominations. The LDS Church has 14: 9915: 9519:Historicity of the Book of Mormon 8897:Mormonism and Nicene Christianity 8668:, Salt Lake City: Signature Books 8313:Personal Writings of Joseph Smith 8227:Personal Writings of Joseph Smith 7763:10.5406/jbookmormstud.13.1-2.0050 7746:Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 7036:Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling 6250:An Approach to the Book of Mormon 1594:116 unduplicated manuscript pages 1460:when he returned in the morning. 1165:Historicity of the Book of Mormon 9805:Temple architecture (LDS Church) 9470:Black people and early Mormonism 9069:Criticism of Mormon sacred texts 8787:University of Pennsylvania Press 8404:(1842b), Casawall, Henry (ed.), 8305:"History of the Church, Ms. A–1" 8125:"Interview by William H. Kelley" 8001:, New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. 7973:(2nd ed.), Salt Lake City: 7922:"King Limhi's Enquiry, from the 7804:Letter from W. Parrish, Kirtland 7648:The Rise of Mormonism: 1816–1844 7316:Recollections of John H. Gilbert 6745: 6725: 6716: 6654: 6625: 6616: 6607: 6598: 6575: 6562: 6548: 6536: 6527: 6502: 6485:Bradley & Ashurst-McGee 2020 6466: 6442: 6387: 6369: 6321: 6241: 6216: 6204: 6192: 6180: 6168: 6156: 6140: 6116: 6090: 6079: 6062: 6050: 6033: 6021: 6012: 6003: 5990: 5981: 5956: 5952:– via BYU ScholarsArchive. 5929: 5918: 5877: 5865: 5853: 5841: 5829: 5817: 5806: 5794: 5782: 5770: 5734:Morris, Larry E. (Summer 2019). 5712: 5690:, pp. 102, 109, 113, 145); 5677: 5650: 5631: 5610: 5598: 5556: 5529: 5513: 5442: 5430: 5403: 5387: 5359: 5310: 5270: 5254: 5209: 5197: 5156: 5135: 5122: 5109: 5095: 5079: 5063: 5014: 4999: 4987: 4971: 4959: 4948: 4917: 4905: 4885: 4869: 4853: 4841: 4829: 4809: 4793: 4753: 4741: 4706: 4690: 4674: 4662: 4650: 4634: 4606: 4590: 4578: 4562: 4546: 4526: 4510: 4494: 4478: 4466: 4446: 4413: 4373: 4341: 4313: 4297: 4283: 4265: 4249: 3127:, p. 305). Smith's brother 2274:, p. 167) (use of the term 1844:Described composition and weight 1306:lived on his parents' farm near 20: 9884:Mormonism-related controversies 9849:1823 archaeological discoveries 8794:Woodard, Roger D., ed. (2004), 8166:"last Testimony of Sister Emma" 8147:"Mormon Leaders at Their Mecca" 8135:, vol. 2, Salt Lake City: 8113:, vol. 2, Salt Lake City: 7140:Cobb, James T. (June 1, 1881). 6850:, vol. 4, Salt Lake City: 6802:"Mormon Leaders at Their Mecca" 6604:Palmer, 180–81, 193–94, 197–99. 5755:10.5406/dialjmormthou.52.2.0059 5184:witnesses of the Book of Mormon 4233: 4221: 4205: 4193: 4181: 4161: 4145: 4129: 4109: 4081: 4069: 4057: 4041: 4025: 3998: 3982: 3958: 3946: 3930: 3918: 3902: 3890: 3878: 3850: 3838: 3826: 3814: 3790: 3774: 3758: 3738: 3718: 3706: 3690: 3658: 3634: 3622: 3564: 3544: 3504: 3440: 3428: 3399: 3387: 3359: 3311: 3295: 3279: 3267: 3255: 3243: 3227: 3211: 3186: 3165: 3097: 3081: 3068: 3048: 3032: 3010: 2976: 2951: 2931: 2890: 2865: 2843: 2815: 2803: 2791: 2775: 2758: 2746: 2698: 2686: 2666: 2657: 2633: 2621: 2609: 2571: 2539: 2526: 2508: 2475: 2084:plates as an amateur linguist. 1383:Unsuccessful retrieval attempts 1035:Two thousand stripling warriors 990:Pacific Islanders and Mormonism 591:Zeram, Amnor, Manti, and Limher 388:Coriantumr (last Jaredite king) 9669:Portrayal of Mormons in comics 9624:Association for Mormon Letters 8513:"Interview with David Whitmer" 8501:: 78–79, 86–87, archived from 7645:Marquardt, H. Michael (2005), 6995:"Something New – Golden Bible" 6869:Berge, Dale L. (August 1985), 6854:(published 2002), p. 97, 6836:(3): 353–364 (1–10 in reprint) 6009:Book of Mormon, 1 Nephi 14:26. 4396:Van Wagoner & Walker (1982 3340:, p. 83). Smith's sister 3324:, p. 7). Smith's brother 3196:, pp. 85–86) and sister ( 2564:, although it is mentioned in 2451: 2433: 2379: 2368:, p. 5). Smith's mother, 2354:Van Wagoner & Walker (1982 2339: 2327: 2315: 2297: 2256: 985:Native Americans and Mormonism 393:Coriantumr (Nephite dissenter) 1: 8645:Vogel, Dan, ed. (1996–2003). 8469:"The Old Soldier's Testimony" 8281:Smith, Joseph (April 1838a), 7450:"Affidavit of Abigail Harris" 7428:10.5406/farmsreview.19.1.0037 6762: 6417:10.5406/farmsreview.15.2.0309 5624:, October 31, 1831. See also 4955:Book of Mormon, 2 Nephi 27:7. 4489:Van Wagoner & Walker 1982 4461:Van Wagoner & Walker 1982 4424:Van Wagoner & Walker 1982 4388:Van Wagoner & Walker 1982 4328:Van Wagoner & Walker 1982 3603:, p. 3). Smith's sister 3372:, p. 163) (statement by 2916:, p. 242) or a "ghost" ( 2362:Van Wagoner & Walker 1982 2350:Marquardt & Walters (1994 2188:"dirty, nasty, filthy affair" 1954: 1580:from a manuscript written by 1287: 1049:Outline of the Book of Mormon 904:List of Book of Mormon Videos 44:secondary or tertiary sources 8334:Smith, Joseph (July 1838b), 7895:"Evidences of the Bible and 7666:Mather, Frederic G. (1880), 7106:"Testimony of Willard Chase" 6775:"Letter to Eber Dudley Howe" 5178:, p. 37). According to 4273:"Book of Mormon Translation" 2520:Ostling & Ostling (1999) 1229:An 1893 engraving depicting 1161:Origin of the Book of Mormon 1103:) are the source from which 7: 9254:Latter Day Church of Christ 9094:Book of the Law of the Lord 8971:Community of Christ history 8674:Wade, B. (April 23, 1880). 8123:Saunders, Lorenzo (1884b), 7739:Packer, J. Cameron (2004), 7474:"Affidavit of Henry Harris" 7302:The World's Writing Systems 7142:"The Hill Cumorah, And The 6199:Ostling & Ostling (1999 6018:Book of Mormon, Ether 3:22. 5227:, where Smith was staying ( 2618:, pp. 98, 600 note 65) 2550:Daniels & Bright (1996) 2445:www.fairlatterdaysaints.org 2132:Book of the Law of the Lord 1752:(known collectively as the 1015:Great and abominable church 10: 9920: 8800:Cambridge University Press 8781:Williams, Stephen (1991), 8487:Stevenson, Edward (1882), 8434:, Liverpool: S.W. Richards 8099:(3) (published 2002): 4–17 8080:Salisbury, Katharine Smith 7293:Cambridge University Press 7058:Chandler, Clay L. (2003). 7001:, vol. 1, no. 10 6225:"Hugh Nibley as Cassandra" 5472:(15 October 1875):630, in 5409:This is the conclusion of 4426:, pp. 52–53, quoting 2604:Ostling & Ostling 1999 2116:Chicago Historical Society 2012: 1977: 1958: 1713: 1710:Descriptions of the plates 1691:hanging on the cave wall. 1667: 1514: 1318:, using what were termed " 1294:Early life of Joseph Smith 1291: 1158: 9823: 9730: 9684: 9651: 9554: 9435: 9274: 9249:Apostolic United Brethren 9185: 9117: 9108:Fettingites and offshoots 9010: 8942:History of the LDS Church 8915: 8907:Teachings of Joseph Smith 8884: 8878:Latter Day Saint movement 8590:Kansas City Daily Journal 8544:: 258–259, archived from 8526:Tvedtnes, John A (1990), 8069:Robinson, Andrew (2002), 7668:"Early Days of Mormonism" 7383:"Affidavit of Isaac Hale" 7344:, Oxford University Press 6816:Bennett, James Gordon Sr. 6798:Bennett, James Gordon Jr. 6588:Encyclopedia of Mormonism 6068:David Whitmer interview, 5914:– via eScholarship. 5904:10.1163/15685276-12341315 5340:, and his brother-in-law 5303:, p. 187); see also 4433:Latter Day Saints' Herald 3513:, p. 2) (account by 2743:, pp. 50–51, 54–55). 2385:Critics question whether 1270:Latter Day Saint movement 9869:1827 in New York (state) 9864:1823 in New York (state) 9828:Latter Day Saints Portal 9783:Kirtland Egyptian papers 8947:Mormon handcart pioneers 8569:Turner, Orasmus (1851), 7566:Lapham, Fayette (1870), 7560:(1) (published 1976): 35 7448:Harris, Abigail (1833), 7321:Brigham Young University 7185:Cook, Lyndon W. (1991), 6964:Brodie, Fawn M. (1971), 6923:, Simon & Schuster, 6305:University of Utah Press 6223:England, Eugene (1990). 4804:the 116 manuscript pages 2250: 1716:Book of Mormon witnesses 1220: 1182:several close associates 1149:Book of Mormon witnesses 995:Skin color and Mormonism 917:The Book of Mormon Movie 398:Coriantumr (son of Omer) 205:Book of Mormon witnesses 9275:Doctrines and practices 8677:An Interesting Document 8603:Van Wagoner, Richard S. 8563:, New York: D. Appleton 8073:, New York: McGraw Hill 8021:Roberts, B. H. (1903), 7306:Oxford University Press 7287:Crystal, David (1997), 7128:Clark, John A. (1842), 7104:Chase, Willard (1833), 6967:No Man Knows My History 4902:was also in the group). 4320:Smith et al. (1839–1843 2922:Lewis & Lewis (1879 2733:Lewis & Lewis (1879 2214:Kirtland Safety Society 2112:Northwestern University 1483:, he said he walked to 844:Limited geography model 824:Historical authenticity 9894:Latter Day Saint terms 9357:Melchizedek priesthood 8647:Early Mormon Documents 8384:(September 29, 1824), 8267:Williams, Frederick G. 8133:Early Mormon Documents 8111:Early Mormon Documents 7816:Early Mormon Documents 7472:Harris, Henry (1833), 7340:Givens, Terry (2003), 7031:Bushman, Richard Lyman 7013:Early Mormon Documents 6938:Braden, Clark (1884), 6917:Bloom, Harold (1992), 6896:Early Mormon Documents 6848:Early Mormon Documents 6545:, per D. Michael Quinn 5479:Richard Lloyd Anderson 5022:Early Mormon Documents 4386:, pp. 536–540); ( 3597:Lewis & Lewis 1879 3423:Lewis & Lewis 1879 2902:Early Mormon Documents 2885:Doctrines of Salvation 2855:www.huffingtonpost.com 2497:, and of his brothers 2392:Early Mormon Documents 2366:Smith et al. 1839–1843 2245:Mormon Stories Podcast 2234:Sham plates hypothesis 2081: 2024: 2009:Kinderhook plates hoax 1970: 1794: 1665: 1561: 1511:Translating the plates 1371: 1366:An 1841 engraving of " 1355:, a name found in the 1300:Second Great Awakening 1246: 1155:Origin and historicity 879:Record of the Nephites 222:Spalding–Rigdon theory 31:relies excessively on 9795:Mormonism and history 9347:Judaism and Mormonism 9259:Centennial Park group 9239:Mormon fundamentalism 8902:Mormon fundamentalism 8824:Journal of Discourses 8768:Chicago Daily Tribune 8533:FARMS Review of Books 8291:; Mulholland, James; 8283:History of the Church 8193:, Palmyra, New York: 7958:(9): 788–789, 828–831 7931:Journal of Discourses 7904:Journal of Discourses 7877:Journal of Discourses 7672:Lippincott's Magazine 7189:, Orem, Utah: Grandin 6920:The American Religion 6820:Arrington, Leonard J. 6773:(February 17, 1834), 6663:History of the Church 6642:. Dialoguejournal.com 6593:History of the Church 6583:New Witnesses for God 6383:, LDS Church Archives 6356:History of the Church 6351:History of the Church 6230:BYU Studies Quarterly 5862:, pp. 166, 169). 5546:Journal of Discourses 5170:(two of the eventual 4766:, pp. 264–265); 4535:, pp. 143–144); 4350:, pp. 169–170). 4242:, pp. 107–109); 4174:, pp. 169–170); 4138:, pp. 105–106); 4102:, pp. 104–106); 3485:, pp. 306, 308; 2872:Joseph Fielding Smith 2707:, pp. 253–254); 2352:, pp. 103–104); 2144:Burlington, Wisconsin 2134:, were translated by 2072: 2022: 2013:Further information: 1968: 1888:, who was one of the 1792: 1656: 1559: 1527:Harmony, Pennsylvania 1365: 1228: 965:Engraved metal plates 910:How Rare a Possession 9859:1827 in Christianity 9854:1823 in Christianity 9534:Geographical setting 9480:Joseph Smith's views 9362:Patriarchal blessing 9312:Early views on death 9212:Restoration branches 9118:Founders and leaders 9104:The Word of the Lord 9084:Pearl of Great Price 8981:Restoration branches 8761:(January 24, 1888), 7993:Riley, I. Woodbridge 7859:Deseret Evening News 7848:William Wines Phelps 7733:, HarperSanFrancisco 7381:Hale, Isaac (1834), 7327:on February 18, 2009 7131:Gleanings by the Way 6999:Evangelical Inquirer 6941:Braden-Kelley Debate 6741:. 19 September 2013. 6633:H. Michael Marquardt 6307:. pp. 452–524. 6137:, pp. 211–212). 6030:, pp. 195–196). 5777:Joseph Smith–History 5491:Deseret Book Company 5192:Quorum of the Twelve 5106:, pp. 264–265). 4850:, pp. 264–265). 4575:, pp. 84, 195). 4443:, pp. 536–540). 4218:, pp. 166–167). 4078:, pp. 104–106). 4066:, pp. 103–104). 3899:, pp. 180–181). 3525:visit to the hill); 2223:The Church of Christ 2221:and became known as 1649:Returning the plates 1543:116 manuscript pages 1419:Receiving the plates 1312:burned-over district 1282:Pearl of Great Price 1120:Manchester, New York 924:Passage to Zarahemla 9773:Joseph Smith Papyri 9422:Women and Mormonism 9352:Law of consecration 9342:Islam and Mormonism 9322:Gifts of the Spirit 9207:Community of Christ 8930:Extermination Order 8771:: 5, archived from 8728:"The Golden Tables" 8664:Vogel, Dan (2004), 8582:Van Horn, Robert T. 8293:Thompson, Robert B. 8164:(October 1, 1879), 8152:The New York Herald 7572:Historical Magazine 7501:"Mormonism, No. II" 7406:Hamblin, William J. 7374:The Palmyra Freeman 7169:"Gold Bible, No. 6" 6888:Bidamon, Emma Smith 6807:The New York Herald 6431:on January 20, 2015 6395:Ashurst-McGee, Mark 5884:Taves, Ann (2014). 5618:William E. McLellin 5295:and other plates". 5279:, pp. 54–55); 5263:, pp. 54–55); 5052:, 15 April 1838 in 4539:, pp. 90–91); 4330:, pp. 59–62); 4258:, p. 109) The 3835:, pp. 99–100). 3489:, p. 13), the 3473:, p. 13), the 2767:, pp. 50–51). 2727:, pp. 20–21); 2652:Community of Christ 2422:, 15 April 1838 in 2348:, pp. 71–72); 2162:Visionary witnesses 1997:Community of Christ 1776:and younger sister 1641:and his parents in 1207:Community of Christ 1030:Tree of life vision 561:Samuel the Lamanite 9674:Mormon pornography 9643:Placement marriage 9582:Mormon blogosphere 8957:Mormon Reformation 8775:on October 1, 2007 8540:(1), Provo, Utah: 8474:The Saints' Herald 8319:(published 2002), 8315:, Salt Lake City: 8297:Phelps, William W. 8234:(published 2002), 8230:, Salt Lake City: 8171:The Saints' Herald 8030:, Salt Lake City: 7792:, Salt Lake City: 7753:(1), Provo, Utah: 7540:Knight, Joseph Sr. 7534:Mormonism Unvailed 7523:Mormonism Unvailed 7483:Mormonism Unvailed 7459:Mormonism Unvailed 7392:Mormonism Unvailed 7360:The Wayne Sentinel 7167:(March 19, 1831), 7151:The Saints' Herald 7115:Mormonism Unvailed 6660:B.H. Roberts, ed. 6452:; Tanner, Sandra. 6303:. Salt Lake City: 6272:, p. 489–490. 6256:2013-12-20 at the 5640:The Saints' Herald 5483:Investigating the 5415:Smith et al. (1835 5305:Smith et al. (1835 5132:, pp. 10–12). 3413:, pp. 15–16; 2928:, pp. 42–43). 2755:, pp. 50–51). 2683:, pp. 25–26). 2180:Samuel T. Lawrence 2025: 1971: 1795: 1666: 1562: 1541:and then dictated 1456:, which he showed 1445:Samuel T. Lawrence 1409:Samuel T. Lawrence 1372: 1341:Finding the plates 1247: 1025:Solomon Chamberlin 1020:Secret combination 343:Amaleki (explorer) 9836: 9835: 9800:Reformed Egyptian 9722:Smith Family Farm 9636:Mormon folk music 9609:Mormon literature 9492:Pacific Islanders 9367:Plan of salvation 9292:Articles of Faith 9282:Adam–God doctrine 9187:LDS denominations 9172:Granville Hedrick 9167:William Bickerton 9089:Lectures on Faith 9000:William Bickerton 8935:Succession crisis 8885:Fundamental ideas 8832:(June 17, 1877), 8596:on April 27, 2011 8542:Maxwell Institute 8417:978-0-598-28557-7 8382:Smith, Joseph Sr. 8364:Times and Seasons 8357:(March 1, 1842), 8301:Richards, Willard 8162:Smith, Joseph III 7965:Quinn, D. Michael 7825:978-1-56085-093-9 7809:, republished in 7755:Maxwell Institute 7574:, Second series, 7530:: Telegraph Press 7528:Painesville, Ohio 7518:Howe, Eber Dudley 7505:Tiffany's Monthly 7488:Painesville, Ohio 7478:Howe, Eber Dudley 7464:Painesville, Ohio 7454:Howe, Eber Dudley 7397:Painesville, Ohio 7387:Howe, Eber Dudley 7353:(June 26, 1829), 7120:Painesville, Ohio 7110:Howe, Eber Dudley 7022:978-1-56085-093-9 6861:978-1-56085-159-2 6800:(June 25, 1893), 6789:Painesville, Ohio 6779:Howe, Eber Dudley 6666:(Salt Lake City: 6336:Times and Seasons 6314:978-1-60781-738-3 5949:978-0-87579-600-0 5874:, p. 600, n. 65). 5489:(Salt Lake City: 5348:and his brothers 5289:Ball or Directors 5249:Smith et al. 1835 5225:Fayette, New York 4601:Mormon apologists 3515:Joseph Knight Sr. 3173:Joseph Knight Sr. 3007:in November 1823. 2938:Smith et al. 1835 2832:, pp. 19–20 2262:Use of the terms 2095:, editors of the 2051:Times and Seasons 2015:Kinderhook plates 1961:Reformed Egyptian 1829:witnesses in 1829 1805:, another of the 1726:several witnesses 1643:Fayette, New York 1582:Solomon Spaulding 1551:Fayette, New York 1438:Joseph Knight Sr. 1308:Palmyra, New York 1263:several witnesses 1133:reformed Egyptian 1118:near his home in 1095:(also called the 1085: 1084: 1005:Reformed Egyptian 970:Gadianton robbers 955:Curelom and cumom 274:Anti-Nephi-Lehies 116: 115: 108: 90: 9911: 9707:Nauvoo, Illinois 9652:The Mormon Image 9487:Native Americans 9407:Son of perdition 9392:Second anointing 9332:Heavenly Parents 9307:Degrees of glory 9157:Joseph Smith III 9152:Wilford Woodruff 8976:Amboy Conference 8952:Mormon Battalion 8925:Church of Christ 8871: 8864: 8857: 8848: 8847: 8841: 8821: 8802: 8789: 8785:, Philadelphia: 8776: 8753: 8736: 8721: 8704: 8702:10.2307/45225502 8681: 8669: 8660: 8641: 8624: 8622:10.2307/45225078 8597: 8592:, archived from 8584:(June 5, 1881), 8576: 8564: 8549: 8521: 8506: 8482: 8459: 8455:, Lamoni, Iowa: 8435: 8426:Smith, Lucy Mack 8420: 8402:Smith, Lucy Mack 8396: 8376: 8373:Nauvoo, Illinois 8349: 8329: 8285: 8276: 8249: 8244:, archived from 8208: 8207: 8206: 8197:, archived from 8179: 8156: 8140: 8118: 8117:(published 1998) 8100: 8088: 8074: 8064: 8049: 8034: 8029: 8016: 8002: 7987: 7959: 7939: 7912: 7885: 7862: 7851: 7829: 7808: 7796: 7784:Palmer, Grant H. 7778: 7773:, archived from 7741:"Cumorah's Cave" 7734: 7724: 7707: 7705:10.2307/45228673 7679: 7661: 7640: 7611: 7600:"Mormon History" 7593: 7587: 7579: 7561: 7531: 7512: 7491: 7467: 7443: 7438:. Archived from 7415:The FARMS Review 7400: 7376: 7363: 7345: 7335: 7334: 7332: 7323:, archived from 7308: 7295: 7282: 7259: 7236: 7213: 7190: 7180: 7159: 7135: 7123: 7099: 7081: 7079:10.2307/45227185 7053: 7025: 7002: 6988: 6959: 6953: 6945: 6933: 6913: 6882: 6864: 6837: 6810: 6792: 6757: 6756: 6749: 6743: 6742: 6729: 6723: 6720: 6714: 6707: 6701: 6694: 6688: 6681: 6675: 6658: 6652: 6651: 6649: 6647: 6641: 6629: 6623: 6620: 6614: 6611: 6605: 6602: 6596: 6579: 6573: 6566: 6560: 6552: 6546: 6540: 6534: 6531: 6525: 6524: 6506: 6500: 6494: 6488: 6482: 6476: 6470: 6464: 6463: 6461: 6460: 6446: 6440: 6439: 6438: 6436: 6427:, archived from 6404:The FARMS Review 6391: 6385: 6384: 6373: 6367: 6325: 6319: 6318: 6294: 6273: 6267: 6261: 6245: 6239: 6238: 6220: 6214: 6208: 6202: 6196: 6190: 6184: 6178: 6172: 6166: 6160: 6154: 6144: 6138: 6120: 6114: 6109: 6100: 6094: 6088: 6083: 6077: 6066: 6060: 6054: 6048: 6037: 6031: 6025: 6019: 6016: 6010: 6007: 6001: 5994: 5988: 5985: 5979: 5968:Brother of Jared 5960: 5954: 5953: 5933: 5927: 5922: 5916: 5915: 5898:(2–3): 182–207. 5881: 5875: 5869: 5863: 5857: 5851: 5845: 5839: 5833: 5827: 5821: 5815: 5810: 5804: 5798: 5792: 5786: 5780: 5774: 5768: 5767: 5757: 5731: 5722: 5716: 5710: 5704: 5695: 5686:, p. 167); 5681: 5675: 5669: 5660: 5654: 5648: 5647: 5635: 5629: 5614: 5608: 5602: 5596: 5590: 5581: 5575: 5566: 5560: 5554: 5549:, June 5, 1859, 5533: 5527: 5517: 5511: 5505: 5494: 5446: 5440: 5434: 5428: 5407: 5401: 5391: 5385: 5363: 5357: 5346:Joseph Smith Sr. 5314: 5308: 5274: 5268: 5258: 5252: 5219:, p. 138), 5213: 5207: 5201: 5195: 5188:Church of Christ 5180:D. Michael Quinn 5160: 5154: 5139: 5133: 5126: 5120: 5113: 5107: 5099: 5093: 5088:, p. 269); 5083: 5077: 5067: 5061: 5050:Lyman E. Johnson 5018: 5012: 5003: 4997: 4991: 4985: 4975: 4969: 4963: 4957: 4952: 4946: 4940: 4931: 4921: 4915: 4909: 4903: 4889: 4883: 4873: 4867: 4862:, p. 137); 4857: 4851: 4845: 4839: 4833: 4827: 4813: 4807: 4797: 4791: 4790:, pp. 2–5). 4784:Joseph Smith Sr. 4782:, p. 264). 4760:Stevenson (1882) 4757: 4751: 4745: 4739: 4733: 4724: 4715:, p. 264); 4710: 4704: 4699:, p. 264); 4694: 4688: 4683:, p. 113); 4678: 4672: 4666: 4660: 4654: 4648: 4638: 4632: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4610: 4604: 4594: 4588: 4582: 4576: 4566: 4560: 4550: 4544: 4530: 4524: 4514: 4508: 4498: 4492: 4487:, p. 97); ( 4482: 4476: 4470: 4464: 4450: 4444: 4417: 4411: 4382:, p. 265); 4377: 4371: 4345: 4339: 4334:, p. 171). 4324:Urim and Thummim 4317: 4311: 4301: 4295: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4269: 4263: 4253: 4247: 4237: 4231: 4225: 4219: 4214:, p. 108); 4209: 4203: 4197: 4191: 4185: 4179: 4170:, p. 264); 4165: 4159: 4154:, p. 106); 4149: 4143: 4133: 4127: 4113: 4107: 4098:, p. 246); 4085: 4079: 4073: 4067: 4061: 4055: 4050:, p. 103); 4045: 4039: 4034:, p. 102); 4029: 4023: 4017: 4008: 4002: 3996: 3986: 3980: 3975:, p. 165); 3967:, p. 246); 3962: 3956: 3950: 3944: 3939:, p. 100); 3934: 3928: 3922: 3916: 3906: 3900: 3894: 3888: 3882: 3876: 3870: 3861: 3854: 3848: 3842: 3836: 3830: 3824: 3818: 3812: 3799:, p. 243); 3794: 3788: 3778: 3772: 3762: 3756: 3742: 3736: 3722: 3716: 3710: 3704: 3694: 3688: 3662: 3656: 3638: 3632: 3626: 3620: 3589:Saunders (1884a) 3568: 3562: 3548: 3542: 3508: 3502: 3444: 3438: 3432: 3426: 3403: 3397: 3396:, pp. 6–7). 3391: 3385: 3366:Harris, H. (1833 3363: 3357: 3315: 3309: 3299: 3293: 3283: 3277: 3271: 3265: 3259: 3253: 3247: 3241: 3231: 3225: 3215: 3209: 3190: 3184: 3169: 3163: 3153: 3144: 3101: 3095: 3085: 3079: 3072: 3066: 3052: 3046: 3036: 3030: 3014: 3008: 2980: 2974: 2967:D. Michael Quinn 2965:, which has led 2963:autumnal equinox 2955: 2949: 2935: 2929: 2894: 2888: 2869: 2863: 2862: 2857:. Archived from 2847: 2841: 2824:, p. 163); 2819: 2813: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2789: 2779: 2773: 2762: 2756: 2750: 2744: 2739:, p. 199); 2731:, p. 305); 2723:, p. 164); 2719:, p. 216); 2715:, p. 225); 2711:, p. 265); 2705:Harris, A. (1833 2702: 2696: 2690: 2684: 2679:is described in 2670: 2664: 2661: 2655: 2637: 2631: 2625: 2619: 2613: 2607: 2601: 2595: 2588: 2579: 2575: 2569: 2543: 2537: 2530: 2524: 2512: 2506: 2495:Joseph Smith Sr. 2479: 2473: 2467: 2461: 2455: 2449: 2448: 2437: 2431: 2420:Lyman E. Johnson 2383: 2377: 2343: 2337: 2331: 2325: 2319: 2313: 2312: 2301: 2295: 2260: 2154:Mainstream views 2122:Strangite plates 2093:Wilford Woodruff 1919:John the Apostle 1904:"Sealed" portion 1886:Joseph Smith Sr. 1531:Oakland Township 1171:Mormon historian 1169:In the words of 1089:Latter Day Saint 1077: 1070: 1063: 1010:Record of Zeniff 1000:Urim and Thummim 884:Urim and Thummim 834:Killing of Laban 776:Waters of Mormon 771:Valley of Nimrod 481:Laman and Lemuel 373:Brother of Jared 338:Amaleki (scribe) 328:Alma the Younger 144: 121: 120: 111: 104: 100: 97: 91: 89: 48: 24: 16: 9919: 9918: 9914: 9913: 9912: 9910: 9909: 9908: 9839: 9838: 9837: 9832: 9819: 9726: 9702:Mormon corridor 9680: 9647: 9604:Mormon foodways 9592:Mormon folklore 9550: 9431: 9337:Heavenly Mother 9270: 9181: 9113: 9098:Strangites only 9035:Book of Abraham 9006: 8911: 8880: 8875: 8845: 8657: 8555:Tucker, Pomeroy 8418: 8386:"To the Public" 8336:"Editor's note" 8327: 8259:Cowdery, Oliver 8242: 8204: 8202: 8137:Signature Books 8115:Signature Books 8086: 8027: 7985: 7975:Signature Books 7951:Improvement Era 7826: 7794:Signature Books 7659: 7630: 7581: 7580: 7355:"Editor's note" 7330: 7328: 7265:Cowdery, Oliver 7242:Cowdery, Oliver 7219:Cowdery, Oliver 7196:Cowdery, Oliver 7051: 7023: 6978: 6947: 6946: 6931: 6910: 6900:Signature Books 6898:. Vol. 1. 6862: 6852:Signature Books 6771:Anthon, Charles 6765: 6760: 6751: 6750: 6746: 6731: 6730: 6726: 6721: 6717: 6711:Vogel 1996–2003 6708: 6704: 6698:Vogel 1996–2003 6695: 6691: 6685:Vogel 1996–2003 6682: 6678: 6659: 6655: 6645: 6643: 6639: 6630: 6626: 6621: 6617: 6612: 6608: 6603: 6599: 6580: 6576: 6567: 6563: 6553: 6549: 6541: 6537: 6532: 6528: 6521: 6507: 6503: 6495: 6491: 6483: 6479: 6471: 6467: 6458: 6456: 6447: 6443: 6434: 6432: 6392: 6388: 6374: 6370: 6330:, p. 490); 6326: 6322: 6315: 6295: 6276: 6268: 6264: 6258:Wayback Machine 6246: 6242: 6221: 6217: 6209: 6205: 6197: 6193: 6189:, p. 461). 6185: 6181: 6177:, p. 347). 6173: 6169: 6161: 6157: 6145: 6141: 6121: 6117: 6110: 6103: 6095: 6091: 6084: 6080: 6070:Chicago Tribune 6067: 6063: 6059:, p. 198). 6055: 6051: 6047:, p. 166). 6038: 6034: 6026: 6022: 6017: 6013: 6008: 6004: 5995: 5991: 5986: 5982: 5961: 5957: 5950: 5934: 5930: 5923: 5919: 5882: 5878: 5870: 5866: 5858: 5854: 5846: 5842: 5834: 5830: 5826:, p. 246). 5822: 5818: 5811: 5807: 5803:, p. 169). 5799: 5795: 5787: 5783: 5775: 5771: 5732: 5725: 5717: 5713: 5705: 5698: 5682: 5678: 5670: 5663: 5655: 5651: 5636: 5632: 5622:Huron Reflector 5615: 5611: 5607:, p. 307). 5603: 5599: 5591: 5584: 5580:, p. 165). 5576: 5569: 5565:, p. 270). 5561: 5557: 5534: 5530: 5518: 5514: 5506: 5497: 5447: 5443: 5435: 5431: 5427:, June 1979, 5. 5408: 5404: 5392: 5388: 5364: 5360: 5318:Eight Witnesses 5315: 5311: 5307:, p. 171). 5297:Van Horn (1881) 5275: 5271: 5259: 5255: 5251:, p. 171). 5245:Three Witnesses 5214: 5210: 5204:Van Horn (1881) 5202: 5198: 5172:Three Witnesses 5161: 5157: 5153:, p. 548). 5140: 5136: 5127: 5123: 5119:, p. 265). 5114: 5110: 5100: 5096: 5092:, p. 118). 5084: 5080: 5068: 5064: 5019: 5015: 5010:Tvedtnes (1990) 5004: 5000: 4992: 4988: 4976: 4972: 4964: 4960: 4953: 4949: 4945:, p. 707). 4941: 4934: 4922: 4918: 4910: 4906: 4890: 4886: 4882:, p. 141). 4876:Van Horn (1881) 4874: 4870: 4864:Salisbury (1895 4858: 4854: 4846: 4842: 4838:, p. 126). 4834: 4830: 4814: 4810: 4798: 4794: 4768:Van Horn (1881) 4758: 4754: 4750:, p. 124). 4746: 4742: 4734: 4727: 4723:, p. 115). 4711: 4707: 4695: 4691: 4687:, p. 170). 4679: 4675: 4667: 4663: 4655: 4651: 4639: 4635: 4625: 4623: 4611: 4607: 4595: 4591: 4583: 4579: 4571:, p. 86); 4567: 4563: 4559:, p. 72)). 4555:, p. 69); 4551: 4547: 4531: 4527: 4515: 4511: 4507:, p. 170). 4499: 4495: 4491:, pp. 53). 4485:Marquardt (2005 4483: 4479: 4471: 4467: 4451: 4447: 4418: 4414: 4410:, p. 265). 4402:, p. 34); 4378: 4374: 4346: 4342: 4318: 4314: 4310:, p. 173). 4306:, p. 73); 4302: 4298: 4288: 4284: 4271: 4270: 4266: 4254: 4250: 4246:, p. 167). 4238: 4234: 4230:, p. 108). 4226: 4222: 4210: 4206: 4200:Salisbury (1895 4198: 4194: 4186: 4182: 4166: 4162: 4156:Salisbury (1895 4150: 4146: 4140:Salisbury (1895 4134: 4130: 4124:Salisbury (1895 4114: 4110: 4106:, p. 166). 4094:, p. 15); 4092:Salisbury (1895 4086: 4082: 4074: 4070: 4062: 4058: 4052:Salisbury (1895 4046: 4042: 4036:Salisbury (1895 4030: 4026: 4022:, p. 167). 4018: 4011: 4007:, p. 101). 4003: 3999: 3987: 3983: 3977:Salisbury (1895 3963: 3959: 3955:, p. 164). 3951: 3947: 3941:Salisbury (1895 3935: 3931: 3923: 3919: 3907: 3903: 3895: 3891: 3887:, p. 180). 3883: 3879: 3871: 3864: 3860:, p. 307). 3855: 3851: 3843: 3839: 3831: 3827: 3819: 3815: 3795: 3791: 3785:Salisbury (1895 3779: 3775: 3769:Salisbury (1895 3763: 3759: 3747:, p. 14). 3745:Salisbury (1895 3743: 3739: 3733:Salisbury (1895 3723: 3719: 3713:Saunders (1893) 3711: 3707: 3699:, p. 85); 3695: 3691: 3663: 3659: 3653:Salisbury (1895 3639: 3635: 3627: 3623: 3611:, p. 14). 3569: 3565: 3559:Salisbury (1895 3549: 3545: 3527:Salisbury (1895 3509: 3505: 3501:, p. 253). 3499:Harris, A. 1833 3465:, p. 243; 3453:, p. 196; 3445: 3441: 3435:Salisbury (1895 3433: 3429: 3409:, p. 196; 3404: 3400: 3392: 3388: 3384:, p. 305). 3378:Three Witnesses 3364: 3360: 3320:, p. 82); 3316: 3312: 3304:, p. 82); 3300: 3296: 3290:Salisbury (1895 3288:, p. 82); 3284: 3280: 3272: 3268: 3262:Saunders (1893) 3260: 3256: 3248: 3244: 3232: 3228: 3224:, p. 305). 3216: 3212: 3208:, p. 305). 3204:, p. 242; 3191: 3187: 3170: 3166: 3154: 3147: 3105:Lucy Mack Smith 3103:Smith's mother 3102: 3098: 3086: 3082: 3073: 3069: 3053: 3049: 3045:, p. 707). 3037: 3033: 3015: 3011: 2981: 2977: 2956: 2952: 2940:, p. 180; 2936: 2932: 2912:, p. 253; 2910:Harris, A. 1833 2895: 2891: 2870: 2866: 2849: 2848: 2844: 2840:, p. 240). 2820: 2816: 2808: 2804: 2796: 2792: 2780: 2776: 2769:Lucy Mack Smith 2763: 2759: 2751: 2747: 2703: 2699: 2691: 2687: 2671: 2667: 2662: 2658: 2638: 2634: 2626: 2622: 2614: 2610: 2602: 2598: 2589: 2582: 2576: 2572: 2566:Williams (1991) 2562:Robinson (2002) 2544: 2540: 2534:Metcalfe (1993) 2531: 2527: 2518:, p. 58). 2513: 2509: 2480: 2476: 2468: 2464: 2456: 2452: 2439: 2438: 2434: 2384: 2380: 2376:, p. 101). 2370:Lucy Mack Smith 2344: 2340: 2332: 2328: 2320: 2316: 2303: 2302: 2298: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2236: 2206:Three Witnesses 2164: 2156: 2148:Plates of Laban 2124: 2097:Nauvoo Neighbor 2067:William Clayton 2057:Nauvoo Neighbor 2017: 2011: 1982: 1976: 1963: 1957: 1944:Eight Witnesses 1940:Lucy Mack Smith 1906: 1890:Eight Witnesses 1859:Three Witnesses 1850:Eight Witnesses 1846: 1807:Three Witnesses 1787: 1770:Lucy Mack Smith 1758:Eight Witnesses 1754:Three Witnesses 1720:Smith said the 1718: 1712: 1672: 1651: 1613:In April 1828, 1607: 1578:copied the work 1523: 1513: 1421: 1385: 1343: 1335:spiritual gifts 1296: 1290: 1223: 1174:Richard Bushman 1167: 1157: 1107:translated the 1081: 1041: 1040: 1039: 980:Monetary system 944: 936: 935: 934: 898: 890: 889: 888: 874:Plates of Nephi 863: 855: 854: 853: 849:Mosiah priority 798: 790: 789: 788: 786: 705: 695: 694: 665:Book of Helaman 650:Words of Mormon 615: 607: 606: 605: 292: 282: 281: 280: 236: 228: 227: 226: 215:Eight Witnesses 210:Three Witnesses 154: 119: 112: 101: 95: 92: 55:"Golden plates" 49: 47: 41: 37:primary sources 25: 12: 11: 5: 9917: 9907: 9906: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9886: 9881: 9876: 9871: 9866: 9861: 9856: 9851: 9834: 9833: 9831: 9830: 9824: 9821: 9820: 9818: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9787: 9786: 9785: 9780: 9770: 9765: 9760: 9755: 9750: 9745: 9740: 9738:Anti-Mormonism 9734: 9732: 9728: 9727: 9725: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9712:Salt Lake City 9709: 9704: 9699: 9697:Kirtland, Ohio 9694: 9688: 9686: 9682: 9681: 9679: 9678: 9677: 9676: 9671: 9661: 9659:Mormon studies 9655: 9653: 9649: 9648: 9646: 9645: 9640: 9639: 9638: 9628: 9627: 9626: 9621: 9619:Mormon fiction 9616: 9606: 9601: 9600: 9599: 9589: 9584: 9579: 9574: 9569: 9564: 9558: 9556: 9552: 9551: 9549: 9548: 9543: 9538: 9537: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9505: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9484: 9483: 9482: 9477: 9472: 9457: 9456: 9455: 9450: 9439: 9437: 9433: 9432: 9430: 9429: 9427:Word of Wisdom 9424: 9419: 9414: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9372:Premortal life 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9278: 9276: 9272: 9271: 9269: 9268: 9263: 9262: 9261: 9256: 9251: 9246: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9215: 9214: 9204: 9203: 9202: 9191: 9189: 9183: 9182: 9180: 9179: 9177:Alpheus Cutler 9174: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9149: 9144: 9139: 9137:Oliver Cowdery 9134: 9133: 9132: 9121: 9119: 9115: 9114: 9112: 9111: 9101: 9091: 9086: 9081: 9076: 9071: 9066: 9061: 9060: 9059: 9054: 9047:Book of Mormon 9044: 9043: 9042: 9032: 9031: 9030: 9025: 9014: 9012: 9008: 9007: 9005: 9004: 9003: 9002: 8997: 8986: 8985: 8984: 8983: 8978: 8967: 8966: 8965: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8938: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8921: 8919: 8913: 8912: 8910: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8888: 8886: 8882: 8881: 8874: 8873: 8866: 8859: 8851: 8844: 8843: 8830:Young, Brigham 8826: 8808:Young, Brigham 8804: 8791: 8778: 8759:Whitmer, David 8755: 8748:Book of Mormon 8742:Whitmer, David 8738: 8723: 8682: 8671: 8661: 8655: 8642: 8599: 8578: 8566: 8551: 8523: 8508: 8484: 8481:(39): 643–6644 8465:Smith, William 8461: 8451:Book of Mormon 8444:Smith, William 8440: 8422: 8416: 8398: 8390:Wayne Sentinel 8378: 8351: 8331: 8325: 8309:Jessee, Dean C 8278: 8263:Rigdon, Sidney 8251: 8240: 8222:Jessee, Dean C 8210: 8181: 8158: 8142: 8120: 8102: 8076: 8066: 8057:, ed. (1908), 8055:Roberts, B. H. 8051: 8042:, ed. (1905), 8040:Roberts, B. H. 8036: 8018: 8009:, ed. (1902), 8007:Roberts, B. H. 8003: 7989: 7983: 7961: 7941: 7924:Book of Mormon 7914: 7897:Book of Mormon 7887: 7864: 7853: 7836:, ed. (1833), 7830: 7824: 7814:, ed. (1999). 7798: 7780: 7736: 7726: 7698:(3): 153–184, 7688:Historicity", 7686:Book of Mormon 7681: 7678:(152): 198–211 7663: 7657: 7642: 7628: 7613: 7595: 7563: 7536: 7520:, ed. (1834), 7514: 7497:Harris, Martin 7493: 7469: 7445: 7442:on 2012-05-15. 7402: 7378: 7370:"Golden Bible" 7365: 7347: 7337: 7310: 7297: 7284: 7261: 7238: 7215: 7192: 7182: 7173:The Reflector 7161: 7144:Book Of Mormon 7137: 7125: 7101: 7055: 7049: 7027: 7021: 7004: 6990: 6976: 6961: 6935: 6929: 6914: 6908: 6884: 6866: 6860: 6839: 6812: 6794: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6758: 6744: 6724: 6715: 6702: 6689: 6676: 6653: 6624: 6615: 6606: 6597: 6574: 6561: 6547: 6535: 6526: 6519: 6501: 6489: 6477: 6465: 6450:Tanner, Jerald 6441: 6411:(2): 309–364, 6386: 6368: 6366:, p. 490) 6320: 6313: 6274: 6262: 6240: 6215: 6213:, p. 37). 6203: 6191: 6179: 6167: 6165:, p. 30). 6155: 6151:Poulson (1878) 6139: 6123:Whitmer (1888) 6115: 6101: 6097:Poulson (1878) 6089: 6078: 6061: 6057:Cowdery (1835b 6049: 6032: 6020: 6011: 6002: 5989: 5980: 5955: 5948: 5928: 5917: 5876: 5864: 5852: 5840: 5828: 5816: 5805: 5793: 5791:, p. 166) 5781: 5769: 5723: 5721:, Mormon 8:5). 5711: 5696: 5692:Grandin (1829) 5676: 5661: 5649: 5630: 5626:Poulson (1878) 5609: 5597: 5582: 5567: 5555: 5528: 5512: 5510:, p. 27). 5495: 5485:Book of Mormon 5466:Saints' Herald 5457:Parrish (1838) 5453:Burnett (1838) 5449:Gilbert (1892) 5441: 5429: 5402: 5386: 5380:, p. 14; 5358: 5309: 5293:Sword of Laban 5269: 5253: 5237:Oliver Cowdery 5208: 5196: 5164:Oliver Cowdery 5155: 5134: 5121: 5108: 5094: 5078: 5062: 5026:Pomeroy Tucker 5013: 4998: 4986: 4970: 4968:, p. 55). 4958: 4947: 4932: 4928:Oliver Cowdery 4916: 4914:, p. 52). 4904: 4884: 4868: 4866:, p. 16). 4852: 4840: 4828: 4808: 4792: 4772:Whitmer (1875) 4752: 4740: 4725: 4719:, p. 3); 4705: 4689: 4673: 4661: 4659:, p. 24). 4649: 4633: 4605: 4589: 4577: 4561: 4545: 4525: 4523:, p. 68). 4509: 4493: 4477: 4475:, p. 14). 4465: 4463:, p. 51). 4457:Oliver Cowdery 4445: 4420:Whitmer (1875) 4412: 4398:, p. 53); 4372: 4340: 4312: 4296: 4294:, p. 35). 4282: 4264: 4248: 4232: 4220: 4204: 4202:, p. 15). 4192: 4180: 4160: 4158:, p. 15). 4144: 4142:, p. 15). 4128: 4108: 4080: 4068: 4056: 4054:, p. 15). 4040: 4024: 4009: 3997: 3981: 3957: 3945: 3929: 3917: 3901: 3889: 3877: 3862: 3849: 3847:, p. 99). 3837: 3825: 3813: 3809:crystal gazing 3789: 3783:, p. 2); 3773: 3767:, p. 2); 3757: 3737: 3717: 3705: 3689: 3687:, p. 14). 3685:Salisbury 1895 3673:Cowdery (1835b 3667:, p. 5); 3657: 3649:Cowdery (1835b 3643:, p. 3); 3633: 3621: 3609:Salisbury 1895 3572:Oliver Cowdery 3563: 3543: 3539:Oliver Cowdery 3535:Cowdery (1835b 3503: 3495:Salisbury 1895 3487:Salisbury 1895 3479:sword of Laban 3471:Salisbury 1895 3469:, p. 16; 3459:Salisbury 1895 3457:, p. 16; 3439: 3427: 3398: 3386: 3358: 3356:, p. 13). 3354:Salisbury 1895 3310: 3294: 3278: 3266: 3254: 3242: 3238:Saunders 1884b 3226: 3210: 3198:Salisbury 1895 3185: 3164: 3145: 3143:, p. 83). 3121:Salisbury 1895 3096: 3080: 3067: 3047: 3041:, p. 7); 3031: 3021:Cowdery (1835b 3009: 2992:Oliver Cowdery 2975: 2950: 2930: 2889: 2864: 2861:on 2015-08-07. 2842: 2814: 2802: 2800:, p. 51). 2790: 2774: 2757: 2745: 2735:, p. 1); 2697: 2685: 2673:Bennett (1893) 2665: 2656: 2632: 2630:, p. 211) 2620: 2608: 2606:, p. 264. 2596: 2580: 2570: 2558:Woodard (2004) 2554:Crystal (1997) 2538: 2525: 2507: 2487:Oliver Cowdery 2474: 2472:, p. 58). 2462: 2450: 2432: 2396:Pomeroy Tucker 2378: 2338: 2326: 2314: 2296: 2292:Grandin (1829) 2254: 2252: 2249: 2235: 2232: 2227:Book of Mormon 2163: 2160: 2155: 2152: 2123: 2120: 2010: 2007: 1986:Book of Mormon 1978:Main article: 1975: 1972: 1959:Main article: 1956: 1953: 1911:Book of Mormon 1905: 1902: 1863:whitish yellow 1845: 1842: 1815:Smith's mother 1811:Smith's father 1786: 1783: 1746:Oliver Cowdery 1731:Book of Mormon 1714:Main article: 1711: 1708: 1689:Sword of Laban 1677:Oliver Cowdery 1668:Main article: 1659:Sword of Laban 1650: 1647: 1606: 1603: 1547:Oliver Cowdery 1512: 1509: 1434:Josiah Stowell 1420: 1417: 1384: 1381: 1357:Book of Mormon 1342: 1339: 1331:"glass-looker" 1292:Main article: 1289: 1286: 1259:Book of Mormon 1243:sword of Laban 1222: 1219: 1213:(LDS Church). 1202:Egyptologists. 1194:Mormon studies 1156: 1153: 1109:Book of Mormon 1083: 1082: 1080: 1079: 1072: 1065: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1052: 1051: 1043: 1042: 1038: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 975:Lost 116 pages 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 946: 945: 942: 941: 938: 937: 933: 932: 927: 920: 913: 906: 900: 899: 896: 895: 892: 891: 887: 886: 881: 876: 871: 865: 864: 861: 860: 857: 856: 852: 851: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 821: 816: 811: 806: 800: 799: 796: 795: 792: 791: 784: 783: 778: 773: 768: 766:Valley of Alma 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 713: 707: 706: 701: 700: 697: 696: 693: 692: 690:Book of Moroni 687: 682: 680:Book of Mormon 677: 672: 667: 662: 657: 655:Book of Mosiah 652: 647: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 616: 613: 612: 609: 608: 604: 603: 598: 593: 588: 583: 578: 576:Three Nephites 573: 568: 563: 558: 553: 548: 543: 538: 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 468: 466:King Mosiah II 463: 458: 453: 448: 443: 441:Jaredite kings 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 415: 410: 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 378:Captain Moroni 375: 370: 365: 360: 355: 350: 345: 340: 335: 330: 325: 323:Alma the Elder 320: 315: 310: 305: 300: 294: 293: 288: 287: 284: 283: 279: 278: 277: 276: 266: 265: 264: 259: 254: 244: 238: 237: 234: 233: 230: 229: 225: 224: 219: 218: 217: 212: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 180:Oliver Cowdery 177: 172: 167: 162: 156: 155: 150: 149: 146: 145: 137: 136: 134:Book of Mormon 130: 129: 117: 114: 113: 28: 26: 19: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9916: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9846: 9844: 9829: 9826: 9825: 9822: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9810:Theodemocracy 9808: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9775: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9768:Golden plates 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9735: 9733: 9729: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9689: 9687: 9683: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9666: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9656: 9654: 9650: 9644: 9641: 9637: 9634: 9633: 9632: 9629: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9614:Mormon poetry 9612: 9611: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9598: 9595: 9594: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9587:Mormon cinema 9585: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9559: 9557: 9553: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9521: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9467: 9466: 9463: 9462: 9461: 9458: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9448:current state 9446: 9445: 9444: 9441: 9440: 9438: 9436:Controversies 9434: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9283: 9280: 9279: 9277: 9273: 9267: 9264: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9241: 9240: 9237: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9213: 9210: 9209: 9208: 9205: 9201: 9198: 9197: 9196: 9193: 9192: 9190: 9188: 9184: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9147:Brigham Young 9145: 9143: 9142:Sidney Rigdon 9140: 9138: 9135: 9131: 9128: 9127: 9126: 9123: 9122: 9120: 9116: 9109: 9105: 9102: 9099: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9064:Book of Moses 9062: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9049: 9048: 9045: 9041: 9038: 9037: 9036: 9033: 9029: 9028:New Testament 9026: 9024: 9023:Old Testament 9021: 9020: 9019: 9016: 9015: 9013: 9009: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8992: 8991: 8988: 8987: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8973: 8972: 8969: 8968: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8944: 8943: 8940: 8939: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8922: 8920: 8918: 8914: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8889: 8887: 8883: 8879: 8872: 8867: 8865: 8860: 8858: 8853: 8852: 8849: 8839: 8835: 8831: 8827: 8825: 8819: 8818: 8813: 8809: 8805: 8801: 8797: 8792: 8788: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8770: 8769: 8764: 8760: 8756: 8751: 8749: 8743: 8739: 8735: 8734: 8733:Chicago Times 8729: 8724: 8720: 8716: 8712: 8708: 8703: 8698: 8694: 8690: 8689: 8683: 8679: 8678: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8658: 8656:1-56085-072-8 8652: 8648: 8643: 8640: 8636: 8632: 8628: 8623: 8618: 8614: 8610: 8609: 8604: 8600: 8595: 8591: 8587: 8583: 8579: 8574: 8573: 8567: 8562: 8561: 8556: 8552: 8548:on 2006-09-05 8547: 8543: 8539: 8535: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8520: 8519: 8518:Chicago Times 8514: 8509: 8505:on 2011-06-11 8504: 8500: 8496: 8495: 8490: 8485: 8480: 8476: 8475: 8470: 8466: 8462: 8458: 8454: 8453: 8450: 8445: 8441: 8439: 8433: 8432: 8427: 8423: 8419: 8413: 8409: 8408: 8403: 8399: 8395: 8391: 8387: 8383: 8379: 8374: 8370: 8366: 8365: 8360: 8356: 8355:Smith, Joseph 8352: 8347: 8343: 8342: 8337: 8332: 8328: 8326:1-57345-787-6 8322: 8318: 8314: 8310: 8306: 8303:(1839–1843), 8302: 8298: 8294: 8290: 8289:Smith, Joseph 8284: 8279: 8274: 8273: 8268: 8264: 8260: 8256: 8255:Smith, Joseph 8252: 8248:on 2008-11-20 8247: 8243: 8241:1-57345-787-6 8237: 8233: 8229: 8228: 8223: 8219: 8215: 8214:Smith, Joseph 8211: 8201:on 2021-04-13 8200: 8196: 8195:E. B. Grandin 8192: 8191: 8186: 8185:Smith, Joseph 8182: 8177: 8173: 8172: 8167: 8163: 8159: 8154: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8134: 8130: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8112: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8094: 8093: 8085: 8081: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8061: 8056: 8052: 8047: 8046: 8041: 8037: 8033: 8026: 8025: 8019: 8014: 8013: 8008: 8004: 8000: 7999: 7994: 7990: 7986: 7984:1-56085-089-2 7980: 7976: 7972: 7971: 7966: 7962: 7957: 7953: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7933: 7932: 7927: 7925: 7919: 7915: 7910: 7906: 7905: 7900: 7898: 7892: 7888: 7883: 7879: 7878: 7873: 7869: 7865: 7861: 7860: 7854: 7849: 7845: 7841: 7840: 7835: 7834:Phelps, W. W. 7831: 7827: 7821: 7817: 7813: 7806: 7805: 7799: 7795: 7791: 7790: 7785: 7781: 7777:on 2006-12-07 7776: 7772: 7768: 7764: 7760: 7756: 7752: 7748: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7723: 7719: 7715: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7697: 7693: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7673: 7669: 7664: 7660: 7658:1-59781-470-9 7654: 7650: 7649: 7643: 7639: 7635: 7631: 7629:1-56085-039-6 7625: 7621: 7620: 7614: 7609: 7605: 7604:Amboy Journal 7601: 7596: 7591: 7585: 7577: 7573: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7555: 7554: 7549: 7545: 7541: 7537: 7535: 7529: 7525: 7524: 7519: 7515: 7510: 7506: 7502: 7498: 7494: 7489: 7485: 7484: 7479: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7461: 7460: 7455: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7437: 7433: 7429: 7425: 7421: 7417: 7416: 7411: 7407: 7403: 7398: 7394: 7393: 7388: 7384: 7379: 7375: 7371: 7366: 7362: 7361: 7356: 7352: 7351:Grandin, E.B. 7348: 7343: 7338: 7326: 7322: 7318: 7317: 7311: 7307: 7303: 7298: 7294: 7290: 7285: 7280: 7276: 7275: 7270: 7269:"Letter VIII" 7266: 7262: 7257: 7253: 7252: 7247: 7243: 7239: 7234: 7230: 7229: 7224: 7220: 7216: 7211: 7207: 7206: 7201: 7197: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7174: 7170: 7166: 7162: 7157: 7153: 7152: 7147: 7145: 7138: 7133: 7132: 7126: 7121: 7117: 7116: 7111: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7093: 7089: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7071: 7067: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7052: 7050:1-4000-4270-4 7046: 7042: 7038: 7037: 7032: 7028: 7024: 7018: 7014: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6996: 6991: 6987: 6983: 6979: 6977:0-394-46967-4 6973: 6969: 6968: 6962: 6957: 6951: 6943: 6942: 6936: 6932: 6930:0-671-67997-X 6926: 6922: 6921: 6915: 6911: 6909:1-56085-072-8 6905: 6901: 6897: 6893: 6889: 6885: 6880: 6876: 6872: 6867: 6863: 6857: 6853: 6849: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6831: 6830: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6813: 6809: 6808: 6803: 6799: 6795: 6790: 6786: 6785: 6780: 6776: 6772: 6768: 6767: 6754: 6748: 6740: 6739: 6734: 6728: 6719: 6712: 6706: 6699: 6693: 6686: 6680: 6673: 6669: 6665: 6664: 6657: 6638: 6634: 6628: 6619: 6610: 6601: 6594: 6590: 6589: 6585:, 2: 308–09; 6584: 6578: 6571: 6565: 6559:, 1: 599-621. 6558: 6551: 6544: 6543:Willard Chase 6539: 6530: 6522: 6520:0-06-066371-5 6516: 6512: 6505: 6498: 6493: 6486: 6481: 6475: 6469: 6455: 6451: 6445: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6405: 6400: 6396: 6390: 6382: 6378: 6377:Smith, Joseph 6372: 6365: 6364:Bushman (2005 6361: 6357: 6353: 6352: 6346: 6342: 6337: 6333: 6329: 6328:Bushman (2005 6324: 6316: 6310: 6306: 6302: 6301: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6281: 6279: 6271: 6266: 6259: 6255: 6252: 6251: 6247:Hugh Nibley, 6244: 6236: 6232: 6231: 6226: 6219: 6212: 6207: 6200: 6195: 6188: 6187:Roberts (1908 6183: 6176: 6171: 6164: 6159: 6152: 6148: 6143: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6119: 6113: 6112:Storey (1881) 6108: 6106: 6098: 6093: 6087: 6082: 6075: 6074:Storey (1881) 6071: 6065: 6058: 6053: 6046: 6042: 6041:Martin Harris 6036: 6029: 6024: 6015: 6006: 6000:, title page) 5999: 5993: 5984: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5959: 5951: 5945: 5941: 5940: 5932: 5926: 5925:Putnam (1966) 5921: 5913: 5909: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5892: 5887: 5880: 5873: 5868: 5861: 5856: 5849: 5844: 5837: 5836:Lapham (1870) 5832: 5825: 5820: 5814: 5809: 5802: 5797: 5790: 5785: 5778: 5773: 5765: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5742: 5737: 5730: 5728: 5720: 5715: 5708: 5703: 5701: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5680: 5673: 5668: 5666: 5658: 5653: 5645: 5641: 5634: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5613: 5606: 5601: 5594: 5589: 5587: 5579: 5574: 5572: 5564: 5559: 5552: 5548: 5547: 5542: 5538: 5532: 5525: 5521: 5516: 5509: 5504: 5502: 5500: 5493:, 1981), 118. 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5475: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5445: 5438: 5433: 5426: 5425: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5406: 5399: 5395: 5394:Roberts (1902 5390: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5362: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5322:David Whitmer 5319: 5313: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5285:David Whitmer 5283:, appendix). 5282: 5278: 5277:Roberts (1902 5273: 5266: 5262: 5261:Roberts (1902 5257: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5241:David Whitmer 5238: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5221:Martin Harris 5218: 5212: 5205: 5200: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5168:David Whitmer 5165: 5159: 5152: 5148: 5147:Book of Ether 5144: 5138: 5131: 5125: 5118: 5112: 5105: 5098: 5091: 5087: 5082: 5075: 5071: 5066: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5017: 5011: 5007: 5002: 4995: 4990: 4983: 4979: 4974: 4967: 4962: 4956: 4951: 4944: 4939: 4937: 4929: 4925: 4920: 4913: 4908: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4888: 4881: 4877: 4872: 4865: 4861: 4856: 4849: 4844: 4837: 4832: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4812: 4805: 4801: 4796: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4756: 4749: 4744: 4737: 4732: 4730: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4709: 4703:, p. 3). 4702: 4698: 4693: 4686: 4682: 4677: 4671:, p. 7). 4670: 4665: 4658: 4653: 4646: 4645:Benton (1831) 4642: 4637: 4622: 4621: 4616: 4609: 4602: 4598: 4593: 4586: 4585:Bushman (2005 4581: 4574: 4570: 4565: 4558: 4557:Bushman (2005 4554: 4549: 4542: 4538: 4537:Bushman (2005 4534: 4529: 4522: 4518: 4513: 4506: 4502: 4501:Bushman (2005 4497: 4490: 4486: 4481: 4474: 4469: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4449: 4442: 4438: 4435: 4434: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4416: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4376: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4360:David Whitmer 4357: 4353: 4352:Martin Harris 4349: 4344: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4316: 4309: 4305: 4304:Bushman (2005 4300: 4293: 4286: 4278: 4277:Gospel Topics 4274: 4268: 4261: 4257: 4252: 4245: 4241: 4236: 4229: 4224: 4217: 4213: 4208: 4201: 4196: 4189: 4184: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4164: 4157: 4153: 4148: 4141: 4137: 4132: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4112: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4090:, p. 99) 4089: 4084: 4077: 4072: 4065: 4060: 4053: 4049: 4044: 4037: 4033: 4028: 4021: 4016: 4014: 4006: 4001: 3995:, p. 3). 3994: 3990: 3985: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3961: 3954: 3949: 3942: 3938: 3933: 3926: 3921: 3914: 3910: 3905: 3898: 3893: 3886: 3881: 3875:, p. 3). 3874: 3869: 3867: 3859: 3853: 3846: 3841: 3834: 3829: 3823:, p. 7). 3822: 3817: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3793: 3786: 3782: 3777: 3770: 3766: 3761: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3741: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3721: 3714: 3709: 3703:, p. 2). 3702: 3698: 3693: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3661: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3637: 3631:, p. 3). 3630: 3625: 3618: 3614: 3613:David Whitmer 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3577:Cowdery 1835b 3573: 3567: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3547: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3507: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3451:Cowdery 1835b 3448: 3443: 3437:, p. 13) 3436: 3431: 3425:, p. 1). 3424: 3421:, p. 7; 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3407:Cowdery 1835b 3402: 3395: 3390: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3374:Martin Harris 3371: 3367: 3362: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3314: 3308:, p. 6). 3307: 3303: 3298: 3291: 3287: 3282: 3275: 3270: 3263: 3258: 3251: 3246: 3239: 3235: 3230: 3223: 3219: 3214: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3189: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3168: 3162:, p. 6). 3161: 3157: 3156:Hadley (1829) 3152: 3150: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3119:, p. 7; 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3100: 3093: 3089: 3084: 3077: 3071: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3051: 3044: 3040: 3035: 3028: 3027: 3022: 3018: 3013: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2997:Cowdery 1835a 2993: 2989: 2985: 2979: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2954: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2934: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2893: 2886: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2868: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2846: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2818: 2811: 2810:Roberts (1903 2806: 2799: 2798:Bushman (2005 2794: 2787: 2783: 2782:Bushman (2005 2778: 2770: 2766: 2765:Bushman (2005 2761: 2754: 2753:Bushman (2005 2749: 2742: 2741:Bushman (2005 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2701: 2694: 2689: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2669: 2660: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2644:Roberts (1902 2641: 2640:Smith (1838a) 2636: 2629: 2624: 2617: 2612: 2605: 2600: 2593: 2587: 2585: 2574: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2542: 2535: 2529: 2521: 2517: 2516:Bushman (2005 2511: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2491:David Whitmer 2488: 2484: 2483:Martin Harris 2478: 2471: 2470:Bushman (2005 2466: 2459: 2454: 2446: 2442: 2436: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2388: 2387:Martin Harris 2382: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2346:Bushman (2005 2342: 2336:, p. 98) 2335: 2330: 2323: 2318: 2310: 2306: 2300: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2280:Martin Harris 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2259: 2255: 2248: 2246: 2242: 2231: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2215: 2210: 2207: 2204:, one of the 2203: 2202:Martin Harris 2199: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2183: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2159: 2151: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2100: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2078: 2071: 2068: 2063: 2062: 2059: 2058: 2053: 2052: 2047: 2046: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2028: 2021: 2016: 2006: 2004: 2000: 1998: 1993: 1991: 1987: 1981: 1967: 1962: 1952: 1950: 1945: 1941: 1936: 1935:David Whitmer 1931: 1928: 1923: 1920: 1914: 1912: 1901: 1899: 1893: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1882:Willard Chase 1878: 1876: 1871: 1870:Martin Harris 1866: 1864: 1860: 1857:, one of the 1856: 1855:David Whitmer 1851: 1841: 1837: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1803:David Whitmer 1800: 1799:Martin Harris 1791: 1782: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1766: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1750:David Whitmer 1747: 1742: 1739: 1738:Martin Harris 1734: 1732: 1727: 1723: 1717: 1707: 1704: 1700: 1699:David Whitmer 1696: 1692: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1681:David Whitmer 1678: 1671: 1664: 1660: 1655: 1646: 1644: 1640: 1639:David Whitmer 1635: 1631: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1615:Martin Harris 1611: 1602: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1573: 1569: 1567: 1558: 1554: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1535:Martin Harris 1532: 1528: 1522: 1518: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1496: 1492: 1490: 1489:Joseph Knight 1486: 1482: 1479:Once home in 1477: 1475: 1471: 1470:Willard Chase 1466: 1461: 1459: 1455: 1450: 1446: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1430: 1426: 1425:Brigham Young 1416: 1412: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1380: 1376: 1369: 1364: 1360: 1358: 1354: 1353: 1348: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1327: 1325: 1324:stovepipe hat 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1295: 1285: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1266: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1227: 1218: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1203: 1197: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1172: 1166: 1162: 1152: 1150: 1145: 1142: 1136: 1134: 1130: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1093:golden plates 1090: 1087:According to 1078: 1073: 1071: 1066: 1064: 1059: 1058: 1056: 1055: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1045: 1044: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 947: 940: 939: 931: 928: 926: 925: 921: 919: 918: 914: 912: 911: 907: 905: 902: 901: 894: 893: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 866: 859: 858: 850: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 835: 832: 830: 827: 825: 822: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 801: 794: 793: 787: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 764: 762: 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 708: 704: 699: 698: 691: 688: 686: 685:Book of Ether 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 640:Book of Jarom 638: 636: 633: 631: 630:Book of Jacob 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 617: 611: 610: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 461:King Mosiah I 459: 457: 454: 452: 451:King Benjamin 449: 447: 444: 442: 439: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 336: 334: 331: 329: 326: 324: 321: 319: 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 295: 291: 286: 285: 275: 272: 271: 270: 267: 263: 260: 258: 255: 253: 250: 249: 248: 245: 243: 240: 239: 232: 231: 223: 220: 216: 213: 211: 208: 207: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 195:Martin Harris 193: 191: 190:David Whitmer 188: 186: 185:Sidney Rigdon 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 165:Golden plates 163: 161: 158: 157: 153: 148: 147: 143: 139: 138: 135: 132: 131: 127: 123: 122: 110: 107: 99: 96:February 2024 88: 85: 81: 78: 74: 71: 67: 64: 60: 57: –  56: 52: 51:Find sources: 45: 39: 38: 34: 29:This article 27: 23: 18: 17: 9904:Lost objects 9899:Gold objects 9889:Joseph Smith 9874:Angel Moroni 9815:Voree plates 9767: 9763:First Vision 9748:Bibliography 9743:Angel Moroni 9717:Sacred Grove 9631:Mormon music 9546:Universalism 9475:Civil rights 9465:Black people 9397:Spirit world 9327:Views on God 9297:Confirmation 9219:Bickertonite 9162:James Strang 9125:Joseph Smith 9011:Sacred texts 8837: 8822:. See also: 8816: 8795: 8782: 8773:the original 8766: 8747: 8731: 8695:(4): 29–43, 8692: 8686: 8676: 8665: 8646: 8615:(2): 48–68, 8612: 8606: 8594:the original 8589: 8571: 8559: 8546:the original 8537: 8531: 8516: 8503:the original 8498: 8492: 8478: 8472: 8452: 8448: 8436:. See also: 8430: 8406: 8393: 8389: 8368: 8362: 8345: 8339: 8317:Deseret Book 8312: 8286:, copied to 8282: 8271: 8246:the original 8232:Deseret Book 8226: 8203:, retrieved 8199:the original 8189: 8175: 8169: 8150: 8132: 8110: 8096: 8090: 8070: 8059: 8044: 8032:Deseret News 8023: 8011: 7997: 7968: 7955: 7949: 7935: 7929: 7923: 7918:Pratt, Orson 7908: 7902: 7896: 7891:Pratt, Orson 7881: 7875: 7868:Pratt, Orson 7857: 7838: 7815: 7803: 7787: 7775:the original 7750: 7744: 7730: 7695: 7689: 7685: 7675: 7671: 7647: 7618: 7607: 7603: 7575: 7571: 7557: 7551: 7544:Jessee, Dean 7532:. See also: 7522: 7508: 7504: 7482: 7458: 7440:the original 7422:(1): 37–54. 7419: 7413: 7391: 7373: 7358: 7341: 7329:, retrieved 7325:the original 7315: 7304:, New York: 7301: 7288: 7281:(1): 195–202 7278: 7272: 7255: 7249: 7232: 7226: 7223:"Letter III" 7209: 7203: 7186: 7176: 7172: 7155: 7149: 7143: 7130: 7114: 7072:(4): 43–78. 7069: 7063: 7039:, New York: 7034: 7012: 6998: 6965: 6940: 6918: 6895: 6878: 6874: 6847: 6833: 6827: 6805: 6783: 6747: 6736: 6727: 6718: 6705: 6692: 6679: 6671: 6668:Deseret News 6661: 6656: 6644:. Retrieved 6627: 6618: 6609: 6600: 6592: 6586: 6582: 6577: 6569: 6564: 6556: 6550: 6538: 6529: 6510: 6504: 6497:Bushman 2005 6492: 6480: 6468: 6457:. Retrieved 6444: 6433:, retrieved 6429:the original 6408: 6402: 6389: 6380: 6371: 6360:Palmer (2002 6355: 6349: 6344: 6340: 6335: 6332:Brodie (1971 6323: 6299: 6270:Bushman 2005 6265: 6249: 6243: 6234: 6228: 6218: 6211:Givens (2003 6206: 6194: 6182: 6170: 6158: 6142: 6118: 6092: 6081: 6069: 6064: 6052: 6035: 6023: 6014: 6005: 5992: 5983: 5958: 5938: 5931: 5920: 5895: 5889: 5879: 5867: 5860:Harris (1859 5855: 5848:Smith (1883) 5843: 5831: 5819: 5813:Smith (1884) 5808: 5801:Harris (1859 5796: 5789:Harris (1859 5784: 5772: 5748:(2): 59–84. 5745: 5739: 5714: 5684:Harris (1859 5679: 5672:Smith (1842) 5657:Smith (1884) 5652: 5643: 5639: 5633: 5621: 5612: 5605:Lapham (1870 5600: 5578:Harris (1859 5563:Anthon (1834 5558: 5550: 5544: 5541:Palmer (2002 5536: 5531: 5524:Smith (1884) 5520:Smith (1879) 5515: 5508:Smith (1842b 5486: 5482: 5473: 5469: 5464: 5460: 5444: 5439:, appendix). 5432: 5422: 5411:Palmer (2002 5405: 5400:, appendix). 5389: 5366:Smith (1853) 5361: 5324:'s brothers 5312: 5301:Braden (1884 5272: 5267:, appendix). 5256: 5233:Roberts 1902 5211: 5199: 5158: 5137: 5124: 5111: 5097: 5081: 5065: 5057: 5053: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5021: 5016: 5006:Packer (2004 5001: 4994:Packer (2004 4989: 4978:Packer (2004 4973: 4966:Packer (2004 4961: 4954: 4950: 4919: 4912:Packer (2004 4907: 4896:Packer (2004 4887: 4871: 4855: 4843: 4831: 4824:Phelps (1833 4811: 4795: 4788:Palmer (2002 4755: 4743: 4736:Smith (1879) 4717:Knight (1833 4708: 4701:Knight (1833 4692: 4685:Harris (1859 4676: 4669:Palmer (2002 4664: 4657:Phelps (1833 4652: 4641:Clark (1842) 4636: 4624:. Retrieved 4620:Deseret News 4618: 4608: 4592: 4580: 4564: 4553:Brodie (1971 4548: 4533:Brodie (1971 4528: 4521:Brodie (1971 4512: 4496: 4480: 4468: 4448: 4436: 4431: 4415: 4400:Givens (2003 4375: 4364:Whitmer 1875 4343: 4336:Tucker (1867 4323: 4315: 4299: 4285: 4279:, LDS Church 4276: 4267: 4251: 4244:Harris (1859 4235: 4223: 4216:Harris (1859 4207: 4195: 4183: 4176:Smith (1884) 4172:Harris (1859 4163: 4147: 4131: 4120:Harris (1859 4111: 4104:Harris (1859 4083: 4071: 4059: 4043: 4027: 4020:Harris (1859 4000: 3984: 3973:Harris (1859 3960: 3953:Harris (1859 3948: 3932: 3925:Knight (1833 3920: 3909:Knight (1833 3904: 3892: 3880: 3873:Knight (1833 3852: 3840: 3828: 3821:Smith (1838a 3816: 3805:Harris (1859 3801:Knight (1833 3792: 3781:Knight (1833 3776: 3765:Knight (1833 3760: 3740: 3729:Lapham (1870 3725:Knight (1833 3720: 3708: 3701:Knight (1833 3692: 3669:Knight (1833 3660: 3645:Knight (1833 3636: 3624: 3617:Whitmer 1875 3566: 3555:Knight (1833 3546: 3530: 3522: 3511:Knight (1833 3506: 3491:brass plates 3447:Smith (1838a 3442: 3430: 3419:Bennett 1831 3415:Whitmer 1875 3401: 3394:Smith (1838a 3389: 3382:Lapham (1870 3370:Harris (1859 3361: 3333: 3322:Smith (1838a 3313: 3306:Smith (1838a 3297: 3281: 3276:, p. 7) 3274:Smith (1838a 3269: 3257: 3245: 3229: 3213: 3188: 3167: 3160:Smith (1838a 3136: 3099: 3092:Smith (1838a 3083: 3076:Quinn (1998) 3070: 3055:Smith (1838a 3050: 3034: 3024: 3017:Smith (1838a 3012: 2978: 2953: 2933: 2920:); see also 2918:Burnett 1831 2901: 2892: 2884: 2880:Manti Temple 2867: 2859:the original 2854: 2845: 2834:Bennett 1893 2826:Lapham (1870 2822:Harris (1859 2817: 2805: 2793: 2785: 2777: 2760: 2748: 2737:Mather (1880 2729:Lapham (1870 2725:Tucker (1867 2721:Harris (1859 2717:Turner (1851 2700: 2693:Smith (1838b 2688: 2668: 2659: 2647: 2635: 2623: 2611: 2599: 2573: 2541: 2528: 2510: 2477: 2465: 2453: 2444: 2435: 2427: 2423: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2391: 2381: 2341: 2329: 2317: 2308: 2299: 2287: 2275: 2272:Harris (1859 2267: 2264:golden bible 2263: 2258: 2237: 2226: 2222: 2211: 2200: 2184: 2172:second sight 2165: 2157: 2136:James Strang 2128:Voree plates 2125: 2103: 2101: 2096: 2086: 2082: 2073: 2064: 2061: 2055: 2049: 2044: 2029: 2026: 2001: 1994: 1983: 1932: 1927:supernatural 1924: 1915: 1907: 1894: 1879: 1867: 1862: 1847: 1838: 1825:John Whitmer 1819: 1796: 1767: 1743: 1735: 1722:angel Moroni 1719: 1703:untranslated 1702: 1697: 1693: 1685:Hill Cumorah 1673: 1636: 1632: 1627:angel Moroni 1612: 1608: 1599:Grant Palmer 1591: 1574: 1570: 1563: 1524: 1497: 1493: 1478: 1462: 1442: 1422: 1413: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1377: 1373: 1350: 1347:angel Moroni 1344: 1328: 1304:Joseph Smith 1297: 1267: 1255:angel Moroni 1251:Joseph Smith 1248: 1235:angel Moroni 1231:Joseph Smith 1215: 1198: 1178:angel Moroni 1168: 1146: 1137: 1135:" language. 1124:angel Moroni 1122:, after the 1113: 1105:Joseph Smith 1101:golden bible 1100: 1096: 1092: 1091:belief, the 1086: 930:Translations 922: 915: 908: 804:Anachronisms 785: 675:Fourth Nephi 660:Book of Alma 645:Book of Omni 635:Book of Enos 625:Second Nephi 318:Angel Moroni 170:Joseph Smith 164: 102: 93: 83: 76: 69: 62: 50: 30: 9567:Jack Mormon 9524:archaeology 9509:LGBT people 9382:Restoration 9244:FLDS Church 8457:RLDS Church 8092:BYU Studies 7553:BYU Studies 7246:"Letter IV" 7235:(3): 41–43. 7212:(1): 13–16. 7165:Cole, Abner 6944:, St. Louis 6829:BYU Studies 6713:, 2: 290-92 6595:, 3: 14–17. 6435:January 19, 6175:Pratt (1856 6163:Pratt (1859 6147:Cole (1831) 6127:Orson Pratt 6086:Cole (1831) 6045:Harris 1859 6028:Quinn (1998 5872:Vogel (2004 5824:Chase (1833 5719:Smith (1830 5707:Smith (1830 5688:Smith (1853 5593:Cole (1831) 5437:Smith (1830 5281:Smith (1830 5265:Smith (1830 5176:Phelps 1833 5143:Phelps 1833 5130:Phelps 1833 5090:Smith (1853 5070:Chase (1833 4982:Orson Pratt 4943:Smith (1842 4924:Young (1877 4900:Hyrum Smith 4892:Young (1877 4880:Smith (1853 4860:Smith (1853 4836:Smith (1853 4820:Smith (1832 4816:Smith (1853 4800:Smith (1853 4748:Smith (1853 4721:Smith (1853 4681:Smith (1853 4597:Quinn (1998 4573:Riley (1902 4569:Bloom (1992 4541:Quinn (1998 4517:Quinn (1998 4505:Quinn (1998 4428:W. W. Blair 4404:Quinn (1998 4392:Quinn (1998 4384:Smith (1879 4368:Lapham 1870 4356:Anthon 1834 4348:Quinn (1998 4332:Quinn (1998 4308:Quinn (1998 4292:Walker 1986 4256:Smith (1853 4240:Smith (1853 4228:Smith (1853 4212:Smith (1853 4188:Smith (1853 4152:Smith (1853 4136:Smith (1853 4116:Smith (1853 4100:Smith (1853 4088:Vogel (2004 4076:Smith (1853 4064:Smith (1853 4048:Smith (1853 4032:Smith (1853 4005:Smith (1853 3993:Knight 1833 3989:Smith (1853 3969:Smith (1853 3965:Chase (1833 3937:Smith (1853 3913:Smith (1853 3897:Young (1855 3885:Young (1855 3858:Lapham 1870 3845:Smith (1853 3833:Smith (1853 3797:Chase (1833 3749:Smith (1853 3697:Smith (1853 3677:Smith 1838a 3665:Smith (1832 3641:Smith (1832 3629:Smith (1832 3593:Lapham 1870 3551:Smith (1853 3519:Smith (1853 3483:Lapham 1870 3467:Smith 1838a 3455:Smith 1838a 3411:Smith 1838a 3318:Smith (1853 3302:Smith (1853 3286:Smith (1853 3250:Chase (1833 3234:Chase (1833 3222:Lapham 1870 3218:Chase (1833 3206:Lapham 1870 3177:Knight 1833 3125:Lapham 1870 3117:Smith 1838a 3088:Smith (1832 3074:See, e.g., 3063:Smith (1853 3059:Clark (1842 3043:Smith (1842 3039:Smith (1832 3001:Lapham 1870 2984:Smith 1838a 2946:Smith 1838a 2942:Smith 1838b 2926:Smith 1838b 2906:Hadley 1829 2836:) or 1822 ( 2830:Tucker 1867 2713:Clark (1842 2681:Quinn (1998 2677:New England 2628:Riley (1902 2616:Vogel (2004 2546:Smith (1830 2458:Vogel (2004 2358:Quinn (1998 2334:Vogel (2004 2322:Vogel (2004 2309:www.nps.gov 2284:Smith (1853 2241:John Dehlin 2192:Fanny Alger 2089:John Taylor 2045:Quincy Whig 2036:Pike County 2003:Hugh Nibley 1949:Orson Pratt 1821:Hyrum Smith 1566:seer stones 1454:seer stones 1429:necromancer 1368:Mormon Hill 1320:seer stones 1298:During the 1239:seer stones 1188:to provide 1097:gold plates 897:Adaptations 839:Linguistics 809:Archaeology 761:River Sidon 670:Third Nephi 620:First Nephi 200:Lucy Harris 9843:Categories 9577:Mormon art 9497:Phrenology 9387:Revelation 9377:Priesthood 9317:Exaltation 9229:Hedrickite 8812:Watt, G.D. 8205:2006-12-04 8129:Vogel, Dan 8107:Vogel, Dan 7812:Vogel, Dan 7258:(5): 77–80 7158:(11): 167. 7009:Vogel, Dan 6892:Vogel, Dan 6844:Vogel, Dan 6763:References 6459:2008-11-29 6135:Pratt 1877 6131:Pratt 1859 5998:Smith 1830 5646:(19): 289. 5398:Smith 1830 5382:Berge 1985 5378:Smith 1883 5370:Manchester 5342:Hiram Page 5229:Smith 1853 5217:Smith 1853 5151:Smith 1830 5086:Howe (1834 5074:Hale (1834 4848:Hale (1834 4776:Isaac Hale 4764:Hale (1834 4713:Hale (1834 4697:Hale (1834 4473:Howe (1834 4453:Cook (1991 4441:Smith 1879 4380:Hale (1834 4168:Howe (1834 4096:Howe (1834 3753:Smith 1824 3681:Smith 1883 3601:Smith 1832 3585:Chase 1833 3581:Smith 1853 3493:of Laban ( 3463:Chase 1833 3338:Smith 1853 3330:Smith 1883 3202:Chase 1833 3194:Smith 1853 3181:Chase 1833 3141:Smith 1853 3133:Smith 1883 3109:Smith 1853 2988:Smith 1832 2971:Quinn 1998 2914:Chase 1833 2898:Smith 1832 2851:"Religion" 2838:Chase 1833 2709:Hale (1834 2578:language". 2374:Smith 1853 2288:gold Bible 2282:in 1827); 2276:gold bible 2268:gold bible 2196:seer stone 2176:divination 2032:Kinderhook 1955:Engravings 1515:See also: 1481:Manchester 1474:divination 1458:his mother 1288:Background 1190:apologetic 1159:See also: 1141:seer stone 348:Amalickiah 252:Amalekites 175:Emma Smith 66:newspapers 33:references 9572:Lost boys 9562:Ex-Mormon 9302:Cosmology 9224:Strangite 9057:Criticism 9040:Criticism 8995:Rigdonite 8892:Mormonism 8719:254310097 8639:254395171 8375:: 906–936 8178:(19): 289 7938:: 204–219 7899:Compared" 7884:: 344–353 7850:& Co. 7771:193606120 7757:: 50–57, 7722:259876987 7578:: 305–309 7511:: 163–170 7436:193702940 7331:March 25, 7267:(1835b), 7244:(1835a), 7221:(1834b). 7200:"Letter " 7096:254397755 6670:, 1905), 6646:March 11, 6425:164502393 5912:170900524 5764:246615290 5487:Witnesses 5330:Christian 5117:Hale 1834 5104:Hale 1834 5060:, 2: 385. 4780:Hale 1834 4408:Hale 1834 3605:Katharine 3342:Katharine 3113:Katharine 2430:, 2: 385. 2087:Apostles 1778:Katharine 1623:116 pages 1617:'s wife, 1405:Emma Hale 1278:scripture 1274:canonized 819:Criticism 781:Zarahemla 731:Bountiful 726:Antiparah 716:Ammonihah 703:Geography 516:Moronihah 476:Lachoneus 456:King Noah 269:Lamanites 262:Zoramites 257:Amlicites 242:Jaredites 9514:Violence 9443:Polygamy 8962:Utah War 8744:(1887). 8711:45225502 8631:45225078 8557:(1867), 8467:(1884), 8446:(1883), 8428:(1853), 8269:(1835), 8216:(1832), 8187:(1830), 7995:(1902), 7967:(1998), 7920:(1877), 7893:(1859), 7870:(1856), 7786:(2002), 7714:45228673 7638:28067219 7584:citation 7542:(1833), 7499:(1859), 7408:(2007). 7198:(1834). 7088:45227185 7033:(2005), 6950:citation 6818:(1831), 6700:, 2: 385 6687:, 2: 291 6397:(2003), 6379:(1843), 6254:Archived 5709:, appx.) 4626:27 March 2887:3: 225). 2130:and the 2040:Illinois 1586:mystical 829:Genetics 797:Analysis 721:Ani-Anti 581:Zedekiah 353:Aminadab 247:Nephites 126:a series 124:Part of 9731:Related 9692:Cumorah 9555:Culture 9502:Slavery 9417:Tithing 9412:Temples 9200:outline 9130:outline 9052:outline 8917:History 8814:(ed.), 8311:(ed.), 8224:(ed.), 8131:(ed.), 8109:(ed.), 7911:: 22–38 7546:(ed.), 7480:(ed.), 7456:(ed.), 7389:(ed.), 7112:(ed.), 7011:(ed.), 6894:(ed.). 6881:(8): 24 6846:(ed.), 6822:(ed.), 6781:(ed.), 6738:YouTube 5620:in the 5374:Palmyra 5020:Vogel, 3475:Liahona 3326:William 3129:William 3026:Cumorah 2961:as the 2959:almanac 2876:apostle 2168:scrying 1898:tumbaga 1875:William 1833:William 1827:, also 1774:William 1765:eyes." 1762:Palmyra 1670:Cumorah 1663:Liahona 1485:Cumorah 1465:Macedon 1449:Cumorah 1352:Cumorah 960:Deseret 869:Liahona 862:Objects 746:Jershon 741:Cumorah 586:Zeezrom 571:Teancum 546:Paanchi 426:Ishmael 421:Helaman 413:Gazelem 383:Cezoram 358:Ammoron 303:Abinadi 290:Persons 235:Peoples 160:Cumorah 80:scholar 9685:Places 9529:origin 9453:origin 9287:Agency 8717:  8709:  8653:  8637:  8629:  8414:  8323:  8238:  7981:  7822:  7769:  7720:  7712:  7655:  7636:  7626:  7434:  7094:  7086:  7047:  7019:  6986:130292 6984:  6974:  6927:  6906:  6875:Ensign 6858:  6674:: 232. 6517:  6423:  6343:117): 6311:  5976:Moroni 5946:  5910:  5762:  5424:Ensign 5354:Samuel 5336:, and 5291:, the 3523:second 3477:, the 2556:; 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