227:
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29:
380:
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368:, described the artwork as "a complete surprise", "a happy surprise". City Parks Commissioner Carmen Rubio said in a press release: "We should regard this installation for both the important piece that it is, as well as a much-needed reminder to city leaders to hasten our work of rooting out white supremacy in our institutions—particularly our city government, where many processes exclude community participation and discourage engagement."
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Born into slavery in the 1770s to the family of
William Clark, York became a member of the 1804 Lewis and Clark Expedition. Though York was an enslaved laborer, he performed all the duties of a full member of the expedition. He was a skilled hunter, negotiated trade with Native American communities
417:
In July 2021, the bust was toppled, then removed by city workers; the director of
Portland's park service said that staff would inspect the bust to see if it was salvageable. Portland City Council condemned the vandalism, and locals left signs and other tributes at the site following the toppling.
396:
On June 8, 2021, a woman was filmed defacing the plinth with purple paint while shouting that the image of a white man should not be replaced with that of a Black man. With the paint she wrote "love not hate", two female symbols, and an altered male symbol. She tore down the paper plaque. She
186:
On July 28, vandals tore down and seriously damaged the sculpture. Portland Parks and
Recreation removed it, and the Portland City Council released a statement condemning the vandalism. The paper was torn into pieces. No individual or group has claimed responsibility for the attack, but
317:
in 2021 adopted a policy that allows removal of statues whose "subject or impact...is significantly at odds with values of antiracism, equity, inclusion." While no formal decision has been made (as of August 2021), it is presumed that all of these statues would fall in that category.
456:"What Kind of Public Art Do We Want Now?" A conversation with PSU Professor and York historian Darrell Millner, the unidentified York artist, and Kristin Calhoun, Director of Public Art, Regional Arts & Culture Council, August 19, 2021. A transcript is available.
760:
1140:
397:"appears to say she considers herself the victim of racial discrimination by Black and Hispanic people." She was charged by police with criminal mischief, abuse of venerated objects, unlawful applying of graffiti, and vandalism.
689:
630:"'What Kind of Public Art Do We Want Now?' A conversation with PSU Professor and York historian Darrell Millner, the unidentified York artist, and Kristin Calhoun, Director of Public Art, Regional Arts & Culture Council"
750:
217:
The artist has offered to produce a bust of York in bronze, with no charge for his time and effort, although the casting would have to be paid for. As of
September 4, 2021, no decision has been made regarding this offer.
1174:
183:, which had been toppled on October 20, 2020. McGrain did not seek city permission to install the bust, which McGrain expected to be temporary; on June 11 the city announced that it would remove the bust.
1286:
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Between
October 2020, when the statue was toppled, and February 2021, when the bust was secretly erected, there was considerable local discussion of what hero should be honored on Scott's plinth.
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According to the city's arts program manager, the work is made of wood and urethane and "was always intended to be temporary". There have been discussions to replace with a bronze version.
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The bust was deliberately made of perishable materials: wood covered in urethane, which was then painted bronze. A sheet of paper resembling a plaque, attached to a sheet of
1079:
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1310:"Bust of York, an enslaved Black member of the Lewis and Clark expedition, appears in Portland. York is described as 'the first African American to cross North America'"
3187:
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Reaction to the bust has been "overwhelmingly positive". A newspaper described the reaction as "adoration". The bust became a destination. Adena Long, director of
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The bald head, looking down, was created by the artist. There is no contemporary image of York nor any description of him, except that he was a large man.
199:, was suspected. On July 25, three days earlier, the plinth had been defaced with a symbol associated with Patriot Front, and a mural in Portland honoring
2864:
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525:"Sculptor of Mount Tabor's York Bust Reveals His Identity. Todd McGrain is offering to sculpt a permanent bronze bust of York for the site as a donation"
3217:
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163:, in the United States, from February to July 2021. The artist stayed anonymous at first, but after the bust was removed he revealed himself as
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751:"Someone Replaced the Toppled Harvey Scott Statue at Mount Tabor With a Monument to York, the Only Black Member of the Corps of Discovery"
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Prior to its destruction, the arts program manager for
Portland had said the bust would remain on display until it deteriorated.
352:
and tended to the sick. Upon his return east with the Corps of
Discovery, York asked for his freedom. Clark refused his request.
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679:"Bust of York, member of Lewis and Clark expedition, appears in place of Harvey Scott statue on Mount Tabor"
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In March, 2021, someone wrote "His Blood Is on Your Hands", "Land Back", and "Decolonize" with spray paint.
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1130:"Portland protesters topple 2 statues of former presidents; Trump calls for arrests, federal intervention"
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During the night of June 26–27, 2021, it was defaced with a red logo resembling a symbol used by the
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253:, which was toppled and damaged on October 20, 2020. The statue's outstretched right arm broke off.
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789:"Portland official says controversial bust of York at Mount Tabor Park will be coming down"
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After the toppling, signs of support for the bust and other tributes appeared at the site.
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1164:"Portland Protesters Tore Down Statues of Presidents. New Rules May Keep Them Mothballed"
1437:"Bust of York, from Lewis and Clark expedition, now sits at Portland's Mount Tabor Park"
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450:, February 27, 2021. Darrell Millner, Quintard Taylor, and James Hollbrook participate.
713:"Portland Welcomes Monument (Origin Unknown) to Black Man Who Reached Pacific in 1805"
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1373:"York statue defaced months after appearing on Mount Tabor; suspect issued citation"
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1069:"Statue of Harvey Scott, former editor of The Oregonian, torn down in Mount Tabor"
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1276:"Video Shows Woman Defacing Bust of York on Mount Tabor With Purple Spray Paint"
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The first
African American to cross North America and reach the Pacific Coast.
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1031:"'Put York Back': Portlanders Leave Messages Where a Broken Sculpture Stood"
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involvement. Scott fought against Native
Americans as a volunteer in the
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2005:
260:, a prolific sculptor known for his design and initial sculpting of
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1406:"Bust of York at Mt. Tabor Park mystifies Portland Parks & Rec"
1103:"The creator of Mount Rushmore's forgotten ties to white supremacy"
561:"Portland Police Cite Woman for Defacing York Bust on Mount Tabor"
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1203:"Here's What Could Happen to the Bust of York Atop Mount Tabor"
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905:"Portland's York statue toppled amid 'intimidating' vandalism"
482:
453:
Jeanette K. Grode spraying paint on the pedestal, June 9, 2021
383:
The plinth in August 2021, following the toppling of the bust
1237:"'Overwhelmingly positive' – Portland reacts to York statue"
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1340:"Bust of York at Mt. Tabor Park damaged for the third time"
863:"York Statue Atop Mount Tabor Toppled and Partly Shattered"
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The bust was vandalized three times before it was toppled.
1505:
1502:"Woman cited for vandalizing bust of York on Mount Tabor"
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Art collection of Oregon Health & Science
University
994:"York statue atop Mount Tabor defaced with hate symbol"
310:
were also toppled, because they owned enslaved people.
941:"Portland City Council Decries Damage to Bust of York"
825:"Bust of York toppled in Portland's Mount Tabor Park"
970:
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440:
executive director Kerry Tymchuk, February 22, 2021.
355:
The date and circumstances of his death are unclear.
341:painted to resemble marble, had a printed message:
195:organization that had recently vandalized numerous
1799:
1128:Ryan, Jim; Kavanaugh, Shane Dixon (Oct 12, 2020).
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179:. The bust appeared on February 20, replacing the
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3188:Outdoor sculptures in Southeast Portland, Oregon
3139:
775:
2712:Charles Frederic Swigert Jr. Memorial Fountain
313:None of these statues will be re-erected. The
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595:"The York Statue and the value of public art"
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3178:Monuments and memorials in Portland, Oregon
1541:Bust of York, Mount Tabor, Portland, Oregon
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976:"Joint Council Statement on York Sculpture"
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3218:February 2021 events in the United States
3130:: †No longer extant or on public display
2210:Mago Hermano (Brother Wizard or Magician)
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1024:
1022:
902:
823:Foden-Vencil, Kristian (July 28, 2021).
787:Foden-Vencil, Kristian (June 11, 2021).
744:
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740:
378:
325:
225:
2430:Spanish–American War Soldier's Monument
1434:
1308:Lenthang, Marlene (February 23, 2021).
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661:What Kind of Public Art Do We Want Now?
359:
3140:
2437:Spanish–American War Veterans Memorial
1370:
1143:from the original on February 21, 2021
982:
763:from the original on February 21, 2021
748:
725:from the original on February 22, 2021
692:from the original on February 21, 2021
670:
624:
622:
554:
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537:from the original on September 1, 2021
518:
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512:
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2339:The Responsibility of Raising a Child
1830:Ainu and Native American power boards
1811:
1773:
1550:
1082:from the original on October 21, 2020
1019:
801:from the original on October 25, 2021
749:Singer, Matthew (February 20, 2021).
737:
710:
639:, Portland, Oregon. August 19, 2021.
607:from the original on February 1, 2022
433:Video of the bust, February 22, 2021.
294:, protesters also toppled statues of
1752:
1612:Portland Sanitarium Nurses' Quarters
1479:from the original on August 27, 2021
1447:from the original on August 20, 2021
1416:from the original on August 20, 2021
1320:from the original on August 24, 2021
1273:
1235:Sparling, Zane (February 23, 2021).
1200:
1189:
1161:
1066:
1048:from the original on August 10, 2021
1028:
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887:
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837:from the original on August 19, 2021
813:
704:
646:from the original on August 21, 2021
592:
558:
522:
1250:from the original on August 1, 2021
1177:from the original on August 1, 2021
677:Rogoway, Mike (February 20, 2021).
664:. RegionalArts – via YouTube.
619:
586:
549:
509:
315:Regional Arts & Culture Council
272:; Borglum is controversial for his
16:Sculpture in Portland, Oregon, U.S.
13:
2771:Loyal B. Stearns Memorial Fountain
1512:from the original on June 12, 2021
1435:Goodwin, Jon (February 22, 2021).
1386:from the original on June 29, 2021
1352:from the original on July 28, 2021
1216:from the original on June 17, 2021
1109:from the original on July 11, 2020
1007:from the original on July 29, 2021
992:Turnquist, Kristi (Jun 27, 2021).
953:from the original on July 31, 2021
574:from the original on June 12, 2021
241:The bust of York was erected on a
211:had been defaced with their name.
14:
3234:
3203:Vandalized works of art in Oregon
3017:Portland Memorial Mausoleum Mural
2291:People's Bike Library of Portland
1528:
1371:Gaitán, Catalina (June 8, 2021).
1289:from the original on July 7, 2021
711:Yuhas, Alan (February 22, 2021).
637:Regional Arts and Culture Council
593:Wing, Sage (September 30, 2020).
3148:2021 disestablishments in Oregon
3038:Women Making History in Portland
2747:Frank E. Beach Memorial Fountain
2657:Whistlestop for an Organ Teacher
2154:John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial
1751:
1740:
1739:
1534:
903:Sparling, Zane (July 28, 2021).
481:
467:
3193:Sculptures of African Americans
2949:Black Lives Matter street mural
2902:Theodore Roosevelt, Rough Rider
2189:Lewis and Clark Memorial Column
1494:
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1428:
1398:
1364:
1332:
1301:
1228:
1155:
1121:
1101:Bernard, Diane (July 2, 2020).
1094:
1060:
1029:Mesh, Aaron (August 10, 2021).
918:from the original on 2021-07-29
876:from the original on 2021-07-28
523:Mesh, Aaron (August 31, 2021).
366:Portland Parks & Recreation
3075:A Donkey, 3 Rocks, and a Bird.
2836:Captain William Clark Monument
2495:This All Happened More or Less
1812:
1801:Public art in Portland, Oregon
861:Peel, Sophie (July 28, 2021).
321:
292:Indigenous Peoples Day of Rage
197:monuments to African Americans
1:
3183:Mount Tabor, Portland, Oregon
3153:2021 establishments in Oregon
1663:Hinterland Bar and Food Carts
1578:Mount Tabor, Portland, Oregon
1201:Mesh, Aaron (June 16, 2021).
1162:Mesh, Aaron (June 23, 2021).
939:Mesh, Aaron (July 30, 2021).
559:Mesh, Aaron (June 10, 2021).
502:
428:York (explorer) § Videos
280:. He was strongly opposed to
221:
3173:Guerilla art and hacking art
3103:Graffiti in Portland, Oregon
2970:The Continuity of Life Forms
2271:Oregon Irish Famine Memorial
1972:Coraline's Curious Cat Trail
1274:Mesh, Aaron (June 8, 2021).
374:
7:
3208:Wooden sculptures in Oregon
3198:Sculptures of men in Oregon
3063:
2889:Sacajawea and Jean-Baptiste
2487:Theodore Roosevelt Memorial
2459:Streetcar Stop for Portland
460:
167:. McGrain was a student of
71:Wood and urethane sculpture
10:
3239:
3213:Lewis and Clark Expedition
2938:
1473:Oregon Public Broadcasting
1067:Ryan, Jim (Oct 20, 2020).
830:Oregon Public Broadcasting
448:Oregon Public Broadcasting
425:
153:Lewis and Clark Expedition
3125:
3069:
3058:
2944:
2933:
2821:
2694:
2643:We Have Always Lived Here
2311:Portland Immigrant Statue
2266:Oregon Holocaust Memorial
2091:The Green Man of Portland
1978:Da Tung and Xi'an Bao Bao
1818:
1807:
1735:
1727:Statue of Harvey W. Scott
1714:
1688:
1675:Warner Pacific University
1645:
1637:William E. Brainard House
1584:
438:Oregon Historical Society
290:On October 11, 2020, the
284:and public high schools.
181:statue of Harvey W. Scott
175:professor of history and
173:Portland State University
96:
85:
75:
67:
52:
42:
38:
33:The bust in February 2021
26:
21:
2133:In the Shadow of the Elm
421:
264:and the monument to the
245:which formerly held the
122:45.511583°N 122.592389°W
2842:Coming of the White Man
1632:William B. Holden House
3091:Black Lives Matter art
2740:Fountain for Company H
1622:Thomas Graham Building
384:
357:
331:
238:
127:45.511583; -122.592389
2916:York: Terra Incognita
2811:Thompson Elk Fountain
2791:Salmon Street Springs
2754:Horse Trough Fountain
2629:Voices of Remembrance
2147:Inversion: Plus Minus
1475:, February 27, 2021,
1412:. February 22, 2021.
382:
343:
329:
229:
3168:Destroyed sculptures
2516:Tikitotmoniki Totems
1884:Broken Wall Memorial
1607:Philip Buehner House
1543:at Wikimedia Commons
360:Reaction to the bust
2615:Ventana al Pacifico
2381:Salmon Cycle Marker
2027:Farewell to Orpheus
1897:Burls Will Be Burls
1627:Wells–Guthrie House
1602:Jacobs–Wilson House
1597:Herman Vetter House
256:That statue was by
155:, was installed in
118: /
3113:Martini glass sign
2976:George Floyd mural
2797:Shemanski Fountain
2671:Winter Rider No. 2
2168:Korean Temple Bell
2140:Interlocking Forms
2070:From Within Shalom
2055:Fountain to a Rose
1592:Blaine Smith House
1468:Searching for York
1380:(Portland, Oregon)
1283:(Portland, Oregon)
1244:(Portland, Oregon)
1210:(Portland, Oregon)
1171:(Portland, Oregon)
1137:(Portland, Oregon)
1076:(Portland, Oregon)
1001:(Portland, Oregon)
912:(Portland, Oregon)
870:(Portland, Oregon)
718:The New York Times
686:(Portland, Oregon)
568:(Portland, Oregon)
489:Visual arts portal
444:Searching for York
385:
332:
300:Theodore Roosevelt
239:
3135:
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3121:
3120:
3054:
3053:
3031:We Stand with You
2929:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2909:George Washington
2855:Benjamin Franklin
2804:Skidmore Fountain
2778:Memorial Fountain
2587:Upstream Downtown
2558:Unfolding Rhythms
2353:The Rippling Wall
2324:The Promised Land
2063:Friendship Circle
2034:Festival Lanterns
1938:Chinatown Gateway
1904:The Burnside Nest
1850:Along These Lines
1767:
1766:
1617:Samuel Cobb House
1539:Media related to
1348:. July 28, 2021.
404:white supremacist
304:George Washington
193:white supremacist
139:A 4 foot (1.2 m)
137:
136:
3230:
3223:July 2021 events
3060:
3059:
2935:
2934:
2860:Thomas Jefferson
2765:Lovejoy Fountain
2733:Essential Forces
2719:Chiming Fountain
2705:Animals in Pools
2692:
2691:
2260:Oregon Landscape
2020:Facing the Crowd
1945:City Reflections
1809:
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1680:Western Seminary
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1508:. June 9, 2021.
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1040:Portland, Oregon
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308:Thomas Jefferson
282:women's suffrage
161:Mount Tabor Park
157:Portland, Oregon
149:African American
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3163:Busts in Oregon
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3045:Woodstock Mural
2997:Never Look Away
2990:Lovejoy Columns
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2895:Harvey W. Scott
2875:Abraham Lincoln
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2760:Keller Fountain
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2650:Weather Machine
2594:Urban Hydrology
2480:Terra Incognita
2395:Sculpture Stage
2013:Electronic Poet
1985:Daddy Long Legs
1878:Bell Circles II
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278:Puget Sound War
251:Harvey W. Scott
236:Harvey W. Scott
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408:Patriot Front
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113:122°35′32.6″W
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