55:
80:
280:
scurvy stalked the ship. The log for that day reports, "By the will of God
Stephen Buldirev, naval cooper, died of scurvy". Later that day, "high land" was sighted in the rainy weather. Scholars believe that this was Buldir Island. The log recounts that Bering named it "St. Stephen Island", but at least as early as 1787, it appeared on Russian maps as Buldir (Булдырь). It may be that the cooper is commemorated in the island's name.
349:
injuries. Weather station personnel radioed news of his arrival, and he was picked up by a U.S. Navy vessel two days later. Kidder's wrecked plane was subsequently used for target practice by other
American aircraft. In August 1994, the Aerospace Heritage Foundation of Utah, with assistance from the U.S. Air Force, recovered the wrecked P-38 from Buldir. It was restored, and is now on display at the
198:
62:
245:
dangerous voyage across the open sea to reach Buldir is unclear. Archeologists speculate that resource scarcity or other turmoil in the larger island groups may have forced people to Buldir as a matter of survival. Another theory is that it was a neutral ground between the two larger island groups that allowed the two peoples to mingle.
460:
The recovery program for the subspecies involved capturing goslings on Buldir Island for a captive breeding program. The birds produced by this program were reintroduced to
Aleutian Islands that had been cleared of foxes by teams of trappers and hunters working for the National Wildlife Refuge. The
348:
when his radio antenna broke. With low clouds in the area, he was unable to find Attu without a vector from the control tower. After a four-hour search, he spotted Buldir as he was running low on fuel and executed a wheels-up forced landing. Kidder was able to walk away from the crash with only minor
244:
Dating evidence suggests that human occupation of Buldir Island was not continuous. Further, it occupation apparently was sometimes by people coming from the Near
Islands, sometimes by people coming from the Rat Islands, and during some periods, by both peoples. Why early people would have risked the
279:
on July 20. Crewmen went ashore to replenish the ship's fresh-water supply. The next day, Bering began the return voyage. His hope was to arrive in
Kamchatka before scurvy and winter storms proved fatal. Contrary winds and currents made for slow going along the Aleutian chain. By October 28, 1741,
221:
on North Bight Beach was investigated, revealing much about the native diet. Bird, mammal, and fish bones were identified, ranked in order of frequency of appearance. Almost no invertebrates were found in the midden. Twenty-three species of birds were identified from their bones, 21 of which were
213:
Archeologists visited Buldir in 1991, 1993, 1997, and 2001. Their research showed that prehistoric peoples lived on Buldir periodically beginning over 1000 years ago. The water-soaked clay on the island has preserved wooden and other organic artifacts unusually well, allowing scientists to carbon
448:
This subspecies was thought to be extinct by the early part of the 20th century. The last confirmed sighting was in 1938. The birds had suffered complete breeding failure due to predation by introduced rats and foxes, which ate both eggs and goslings. In 1962, a remnant population of perhaps 300
248:
A large house framed with whalebone was found by archeologists, dating from the mid-17th century. Some of the whales were large, suggesting they had been harvested locally by people living on Buldir. Both the size of this construction and others, and the many artifacts recovered from archeological
402:, as was done on 190 other Aleutian islands. Since the fur traders did not land, the island also escaped introduced rats. In consequence, the ground-nesting birds of Buldir continued their lives undisturbed by mammalian predators, while on other Aleutian Islands entire species were extirpated.
188:
or boulder beaches backed by cliffs. Only one small flat area abuts a relatively gentle beach, North Bight Beach, suitable for landing small boats in good weather. It is on the northwest shore of the island. This area is the site of both prehistoric and modern habitation on the island.
328:
On March 3, 1944, Corporal Carl E. Houston walked away from the weather station and did not return. Search efforts at the time were unable to locate him. His fate remained unknown for decades. In 1988, wildlife biologists on Buldir found a skeleton still wearing Army boots with an
154:
Buldir is the most westerly of the
Aleutian Islands, which formed as a result of volcanic activity in the late Quaternary or recent times. The rocks from which the island formed are of two different ages with a considerable time gap. The rocks of the older dome are mainly
309:
that they had sailed off on a fleet of barges to rendezvous with ocean-going transports in the lee of Buldir. In fact, the
Japanese sailed eight transports into Kiska Harbor and evacuated the entire garrison under cover of fog. Buldir played no role in the evacuation.
461:
recovery plan worked and the
Aleutian cackling goose was removed from the list of endangered species in 2001. By 2017, the islands had perhaps as many as 150,000 Aleutian cackling geese, most or perhaps all of them descended from the original Buldir Island population.
296:
flew the first photo reconnaissance mission of the war, which included Buldir. Several other reconnaissance missions were attempted in late 1942 and early 1943, both to see if the
Japanese had occupied the island and to obtain weather information from the area.
209:
and Kiska, on either side of Buldir, dates back to at least 2000 BCE. Given the long distance between the Rat
Islands and the Near Islands, prehistoric peoples likely stopped at Buldir in transit between the two larger groups, but no evidence has yet been found.
436:
A comprehensive survey in 1975 revealed a total of 77 species on the island. As of 2019, at least 116 bird species have been reported. Due to its proximity to Asia, over 35 species of birds have been recorded on Buldir Island, which are rare in North America.
324:
site. Its call sign was WUUL. Given the difficulty of landing a boat on the island, the detachment was largely supplied by air drop from Kiska. The weather station on Buldir was abandoned during the summer of 1945 at the close of the war.
384:
has maintained seasonal biological monitoring teams on Buldir since 1988. Their primary focus is on nesting seabirds. The data they produce are an input to assessments of the regional ecosystem, which are used in fishery management.
122:. It is 4.3 miles (6.9 km) long and 2.5 miles (4.0 km) wide with an area of 7.4482 square miles (19.291 km). Buldir is farther from the nearest land than any other Aleutian Island. Its nearest neighbors are
393:
Buldir's remoteness and the extreme difficulty of landing a boat safely on the island gave it a unique ecological history. Neither Russian nor American fur traders thought it was worth the effort to stock Buldir with
181:, which forms most of the island, and the East Cape Volcano, which forms the island's northeast section. Buldir Volcano is the taller, reaching 2,152 feet (656 m) in height, the highest point on the island.
304:
during May 1943, the Japanese withdrew from Kiska in July 1943. They did so without the Americans' notice. Puzzlement at the Japanese disappearance led to widely reported speculation by officers of the
249:
excavations suggest that occupation of Buldir, while sporadic over the centuries, was by people who were living there rather than passing through on their way from one island group to the next.
546:
Corbett, Debra G.; Lefèvre, Christine; Corbett, Thomas J.; West, Dixie; Siegel-Causey, Douglas (1997). "Excavations at KIS-008, Buldir Island: Evaluation and Potential".
320:. Two were radio operators, and three were weathermen. The detachment's job was to report hourly weather observations and also to provide local air-traffic control as an
2019:
449:
birds was discovered on Buldir Island. These geese survived because of the lack of mammalian predators. In 1967, the bird was listed as endangered under the
337:
verified that the remains were those of the missing soldier, but his cause of death remains undetermined. He was the only World War II fatality on the island.
646:
Lefèvre, Christine; Corbett, Debra G.; West, Dixie; Siegel-Causey, Douglas (1997). "A Zooarchaeological Study at Buldir Island, Western Aleutians, Alaska".
21:
1376:
237:, which became extinct in 1768 due to overhunting by Russian fur traders. This was among the first evidence of Steller's sea cows ever found beyond the
1209:
1113:
888:
170:. That this island is younger than some of the neighboring islands is also suggested because fewer species of flowering plant are on this island.
2034:
892:
1021:
1002:
2014:
916:
139:
952:
1369:
1178:
Two New Breeding Colonies of Red-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa breverostris); Bul dir and Rogoslof Islands , Aleutian Islands, Alaska
381:
2039:
1632:
1150:
682:
1842:
1362:
1075:
864:
829:
317:
54:
1310:
1272:
934:
1847:
334:
70:
1827:
1292:
741:
Bering's Voyages: The log books and official reports of the first and second expeditions, 1725-1730 and 1733-1742
413:. The island is home to 4 million seabirds of 21 species during breeding season. The island's colonies include
454:
450:
321:
781:
1954:
1247:
725:"Karta predstavliaiushchaia otkrytii Rossiiskikh moreplavatelei na Tikhom More i aglinskago Kapitana Kukka"
628:
314:
1964:
1832:
293:
2029:
1762:
1039:
800:
683:"Dynamics of sea mammal and bird populations of the Bering Sea region over the last several millennia"
2024:
1909:
256:
1128:
1097:
264:
1193:
1176:
745:
581:
441:
345:
292:
and Kiska, to the west and east, respectively, of Buldir Island. On August 17, 1942, an America
1652:
724:
405:
Freedom from introduced predators allowed Buldir to become one of the largest and most diverse
1767:
1667:
350:
341:
143:
1914:
1727:
1642:
1637:
1617:
1557:
1462:
697:
430:
276:
230:
8:
1747:
1547:
1537:
410:
354:
268:
977:
907:
739:
701:
599:
138:, 64 miles (103 km) to the west. Buldir Island is uninhabited. It is part of the
1787:
1757:
1752:
1552:
1203:
1107:
882:
763:
663:
563:
370:
306:
1919:
1894:
1884:
1602:
1522:
870:
860:
835:
825:
655:
555:
238:
1934:
1879:
1687:
1607:
1582:
1437:
705:
223:
111:
103:
1924:
1904:
1899:
1857:
1822:
1707:
1612:
1517:
1512:
1502:
1477:
1457:
709:
1986:"builder make some lumbung place. we call it Construction worker bank of grain"
1959:
1862:
1782:
1772:
1712:
1692:
1662:
1657:
1627:
1587:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1542:
1492:
1432:
1154:
856:
Thor's legions : weather support to the U.S. Air Force and Army, 1937-1987
478:
414:
301:
178:
95:
440:
Buldir played an important part in the recovery of the Aleutian subspecies of
2008:
1949:
1939:
1852:
1837:
1807:
1797:
1792:
1777:
1742:
1737:
1722:
1717:
1702:
1682:
1597:
1532:
1527:
1497:
1487:
1422:
1412:
1402:
1345:
Buldir Island: Block 1146, Census Tract 1, Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska
1057:
659:
600:"Archeologists Find Milder Arctic Climate May Have Aided Aleutian Settlement"
559:
83:
Map of the western Aleutian Islands, showing Buldir Island (6) in the center.
36:
23:
1354:
1095:
874:
515:
496:
1929:
1889:
1697:
1672:
1647:
1482:
839:
426:
418:
272:
253:
135:
184:
No harbor of any sort occurs on Buldir Island. The coast is mostly steep
1944:
1812:
1802:
1577:
1472:
1467:
1427:
1417:
1397:
854:
369:
carrying 285,000 US gal (1,080 m) of aviation fuel to the
289:
127:
819:
667:
567:
1677:
1592:
1386:
978:"Pacific Wrecks - P-38J-10-LO Lightning Serial Number 42-67638 Nose 85"
852:
395:
160:
115:
821:
The thousand-mile war : World War II in ALaska and the Aleutians
330:
340:
On February 2, 1945, 1st Lt. Arthur W. Kidder, Jr., a member of the
79:
1442:
429:, and other species. It is one of only four known locations where
167:
1080:. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1957. p. 756.
406:
399:
313:
In October 1943, Buldir was occupied by a five-man team from the
234:
174:
156:
909:
World War II in Alaska: A Historic and Resources Management Plan
1732:
1452:
1407:
645:
422:
374:
218:
206:
163:
131:
119:
197:
1990:
buldir Construction worker, from years ago and future builder
1817:
1622:
1447:
1311:"Biologist trapper retires after helping transform Aleutians"
377:, went aground on Buldir. The vessel foundered and was lost.
185:
123:
906:
Klein, Joel; Nolan, James; Findley, Jannette Warren (1987).
1003:"Reservist recover crashed P-38 from remote Alaskan island"
1136:. Anchorage, AK: North Pacific Fishery Management Council.
222:
sea birds. Mammal bones were almost exclusively those of
1344:
1274:
RECOVERY PROGRAM FOR THE ENDANGERED ALEUTIAN CANADA GOOSE
545:
1191:
1985:
1270:
1099:
BIOLOGICAL MONITORING AT BULDIR ISLAND, ALASKA IN 2012
241:
of Russia. The rib was carbon dated to around 400 CE.
1126:
1096:
Warzybok, J.A., B.A. Drummond, J.C. Williams (2013).
1223:
516:"Geology of Buldir Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska"
935:"Remains may help resolve mystery of WW II soldier"
859:. Boston, Mass.: American Meteorological Society.
738:Golder, Frank Alfred; Stejneger, Leonhard (1922).
252:The recorded history of Buldir Island begins with
915:. Anchorage, Alaska: US Army Corps of Engineers.
905:
789:. Washington, D.C.: Center For Air Force History.
690:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
2006:
853:Fuller, John F. (John Frederick), 1935- (1990).
513:
817:
737:
680:
271:in June 1741 and reached what is now known as
205:Archeological evidence of human occupation on
2020:Islands of Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska
1384:
1370:
1130:Ecosystem Status Report 2018 Aleutian Islands
1022:"WWII Star Is Star of Aerospace Museum Party"
975:
779:
333:by its side. Subsequent investigation by the
1208:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1112:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
887:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
801:"Jap Evacuation of Kiska Area Begun July 10"
1198:. Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge.
953:"World War II soldier's remains identified"
485:. Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center.
451:Endangered Species Preservation Act of 1966
1377:
1363:
891:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
130:, 68 miles (109 km) to the east, and
1151:"USFWS Background: Aleutian Canada Goose"
744:. American geographical society. p.
722:
477:
932:
780:Carter, Kit C.; Mueller, Robert (1991).
633:Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge
586:Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge
471:
196:
140:Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge
78:
288:In June 1942, Japanese forces captured
2035:Islands of Unorganized Borough, Alaska
2007:
1280:. Cal-Neva Wildlife Transactions 1976.
1001:Warren, Major Ken (October 13, 1994).
1000:
335:Army Central Identification Laboratory
300:After losing Attu to the Americans in
16:Island in the United States of America
1358:
1290:
1145:
1143:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1077:Merchant Vessels of the United States
1019:
453:and subsequently, in 1973, under the
229:Among the bones found was a rib of a
61:
1174:
761:
629:"Uncovering the Past - Buldi Island"
623:
621:
619:
541:
539:
110:) is a small island in the western
1058:"Tanker Grounding Hearing Underway"
764:"Dictionary of Alaskan Place Names"
582:"Uncovering the Past - Attu Island"
507:
74:Location of Buldir Island in Alaska
13:
1983:
1337:
1140:
1084:
933:Berliner, Jeff (August 25, 1988).
14:
2051:
1192:Day, R.H. and Byrd, G.V. (1975).
1181:. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
1102:. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
922:from the original on May 2, 2019.
616:
536:
497:"National Wildlife Refuge System"
344:based on Attu, was test-flying a
159:and the younger dome consists of
322:Army Airway Communication System
214:date the periods of occupation.
201:North Bight Beach, Buldir Island
192:
60:
53:
2015:Islands of the Aleutian Islands
1977:
1303:
1284:
1271:G.V. and P.F. Springer (1976).
1264:
1240:
1216:
1185:
1168:
1120:
1068:
1050:
1032:
1013:
994:
969:
945:
926:
899:
846:
818:Garfield, Brian, Brian (1969).
811:
793:
773:
755:
731:
716:
283:
1297:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
1127:S. Zador and I. Ortiz (2018).
674:
639:
592:
574:
501:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
489:
446:Branta hutchinsii leucopareia.
382:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
360:
1:
2040:Uninhabited islands of Alaska
1291:Woods, Bruce (June 4, 2012).
807:. August 23, 1943. p. 5.
723:Wilbrecht, Alexander (1787).
464:
1153:. 2008-04-03. Archived from
710:10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.02.009
388:
365:In October 1956, the tanker
142:. It has been designated a
7:
1347:United States Census Bureau
1020:Quinn, Tom (May 25, 1997).
523:Mineral Resources of Alaska
257:Second Kamchatka Expedition
233:, a relative of modern-day
10:
2056:
1062:Fairbanks Daily News-Miner
149:
1871:
1393:
824:. Toronto: Bantam Books.
514:Coats, Robert R. (1951).
409:breeding colonies in the
107:
1315:UAF news and information
681:A.B. Savinetsky (2004).
90:(also sometimes written
1293:"Aleutian Canada goose"
442:Aleutian cackling goose
99:
1224:"eBird--Buldir Island"
1195:Birds of Buldir Island
525:. US Geological Survey
455:Endangered Species Act
202:
177:on the island are the
84:
37:52.35806°N 175.92472°E
1458:Anangula (Ananiuliak)
1175:Byrd, Vernon (1976).
762:Orth, Donald (1971).
431:red-legged kittiwakes
351:Hill Aerospace Museum
342:54th fighter squadron
318:11th Weather Squadron
200:
144:Research Natural Area
82:
588:. November 14, 2013.
315:U.S. Army Air Corps'
277:Prince William Sound
71:class=notpageimage|
1965:Walrus and Kritskoi
1064:. October 18, 1956.
976:PacificWrecks.com.
702:2004PPP...209..335S
648:Arctic Anthropology
548:Arctic Anthropology
503:. November 7, 2012.
411:Northern Hemisphere
355:Hill Air Force Base
42:52.35806; 175.92472
33: /
1788:Tufted Puffin Rock
1248:"Wild Goose Chase"
1046:. October 6, 1956.
371:Northwest Airlines
275:near the mouth of
259:. Bering's ship,
203:
85:
2030:Islands of Alaska
1984:buldir, lumbung.
1973:
1972:
1848:Walrus (Pribilof)
1026:Salt Lake Tribune
982:pacificwrecks.com
939:Indianapolis Star
805:Los Angeles Times
783:Combat Chronology
239:Commander Islands
231:Steller's sea cow
224:Steller sea lions
136:Near Island group
2047:
2025:Seabird colonies
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1981:
1828:Unalga (Delarof)
1379:
1372:
1365:
1356:
1355:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1207:
1199:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1147:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1111:
1103:
1093:
1082:
1081:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1040:"Tanker Aground"
1036:
1030:
1029:
1017:
1011:
1010:
998:
992:
991:
989:
988:
973:
967:
966:
964:
963:
949:
943:
942:
930:
924:
923:
921:
914:
903:
897:
896:
886:
878:
850:
844:
843:
815:
809:
808:
797:
791:
790:
788:
777:
771:
770:
768:
759:
753:
752:
735:
729:
728:
720:
714:
713:
687:
678:
672:
671:
643:
637:
636:
625:
614:
613:
611:
610:
596:
590:
589:
578:
572:
571:
543:
534:
533:
531:
530:
520:
511:
505:
504:
493:
487:
486:
483:Aleut Dictionary
475:
128:Rat Island group
112:Aleutian Islands
109:
64:
63:
57:
48:
47:
45:
44:
43:
38:
34:
31:
30:
29:
26:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1994:
1992:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1878:
1867:
1708:Sea Otter Rocks
1389:
1385:Islands in the
1383:
1352:
1350:
1340:
1338:Further reading
1334:
1330:
1329:
1320:
1318:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1289:
1285:
1277:
1269:
1265:
1256:
1254:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1232:
1230:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1201:
1200:
1190:
1186:
1173:
1169:
1160:
1158:
1149:
1148:
1141:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1105:
1104:
1094:
1085:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1018:
1014:
999:
995:
986:
984:
974:
970:
961:
959:
951:
950:
946:
931:
927:
919:
912:
904:
900:
880:
879:
867:
851:
847:
832:
816:
812:
799:
798:
794:
786:
778:
774:
766:
760:
756:
736:
732:
721:
717:
685:
679:
675:
644:
640:
635:. May 27, 2014.
627:
626:
617:
608:
606:
598:
597:
593:
580:
579:
575:
544:
537:
528:
526:
518:
512:
508:
495:
494:
490:
476:
472:
467:
415:crested auklets
391:
363:
286:
195:
157:olivine basalts
152:
77:
76:
75:
73:
67:
66:
65:
41:
39:
35:
32:
27:
24:
22:
20:
19:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2053:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2002:
2001:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1910:Four Mountains
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1382:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1359:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1328:
1327:
1302:
1283:
1263:
1239:
1215:
1184:
1167:
1139:
1119:
1083:
1067:
1049:
1031:
1012:
1007:Hill Top Times
993:
968:
944:
925:
898:
865:
845:
830:
810:
792:
772:
769:. p. 166.
754:
750:buldir island.
730:
715:
673:
654:(2): 118–131.
638:
615:
591:
573:
554:(2): 100–117.
535:
506:
488:
469:
468:
466:
463:
390:
387:
362:
359:
357:in Roy, Utah.
346:P-38 Lightning
307:11th Air Force
294:B-24 Liberator
285:
282:
254:Vitus Bering's
194:
191:
179:Buldir Volcano
173:The two major
151:
148:
69:
68:
59:
58:
52:
51:
50:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2052:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1876:Island groups
1874:
1873:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1728:Semisopochnoi
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1703:Sea Lion Rock
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1643:Little Tanaga
1641:
1639:
1638:Little Sitkin
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1463:Arakamchechen
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1368:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1335:
1332:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1298:
1294:
1287:
1276:
1275:
1267:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1211:
1205:
1197:
1196:
1188:
1180:
1179:
1171:
1157:on 2008-04-03
1156:
1152:
1146:
1144:
1132:
1131:
1123:
1115:
1109:
1101:
1100:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1079:
1078:
1071:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1008:
1004:
997:
983:
979:
972:
958:
954:
948:
940:
936:
929:
918:
911:
910:
902:
894:
890:
884:
876:
872:
868:
866:0-933876-88-2
862:
858:
857:
849:
841:
837:
833:
831:0-553-20308-8
827:
823:
822:
814:
806:
802:
796:
785:
784:
776:
765:
758:
751:
747:
743:
742:
734:
726:
719:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
684:
677:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
642:
634:
630:
624:
622:
620:
605:
601:
595:
587:
583:
577:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
542:
540:
524:
517:
510:
502:
498:
492:
484:
480:
479:Bergsland, K.
474:
470:
462:
458:
456:
452:
447:
443:
438:
434:
432:
428:
427:storm petrels
424:
421:, as well as
420:
419:least auklets
416:
412:
408:
403:
401:
397:
386:
383:
378:
376:
372:
368:
358:
356:
352:
347:
343:
338:
336:
332:
326:
323:
319:
316:
311:
308:
303:
298:
295:
291:
281:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
255:
250:
246:
242:
240:
236:
232:
227:
225:
220:
215:
211:
208:
199:
193:Human history
190:
187:
182:
180:
176:
171:
169:
166:and basaltic
165:
162:
158:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
88:Buldir Island
81:
72:
56:
49:
46:
1993:. Retrieved
1989:
1979:
1875:
1833:Unalga (Fox)
1748:St. Lawrence
1673:Pancake Rock
1548:Great Sitkin
1507:
1351:
1333:
1331:
1319:. Retrieved
1317:. 2017-11-27
1314:
1305:
1296:
1286:
1273:
1266:
1255:. Retrieved
1251:
1242:
1231:. Retrieved
1227:
1218:
1194:
1187:
1177:
1170:
1159:. Retrieved
1155:the original
1129:
1122:
1098:
1076:
1070:
1061:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1025:
1015:
1006:
996:
985:. Retrieved
981:
971:
960:. Retrieved
956:
947:
938:
928:
908:
901:
855:
848:
820:
813:
804:
795:
782:
775:
757:
749:
740:
733:
718:
696:(1–4): 342.
693:
689:
676:
651:
647:
641:
632:
607:. Retrieved
603:
594:
585:
576:
551:
547:
527:. Retrieved
522:
509:
500:
491:
482:
473:
459:
445:
439:
435:
404:
392:
379:
366:
364:
339:
327:
312:
299:
287:
284:World War II
273:Kayak Island
265:Petropavlosk
260:
251:
247:
243:
228:
216:
212:
204:
183:
172:
153:
91:
87:
86:
18:
1758:St. Michael
1753:St. Matthew
1553:Hagemeister
1252:Smithsonian
604:www.nsf.gov
361:Postwar era
40: /
28:175°55′29″E
2009:Categories
1995:2022-08-18
1603:Karaginsky
1593:Kamen Ariy
1523:Chuginadak
1387:Bering Sea
1321:2019-07-02
1257:2019-07-02
1233:2019-07-02
1161:2019-07-02
1044:News-Pilot
987:2021-01-16
962:2021-01-15
609:2019-07-02
529:2013-12-13
465:References
161:hornblende
116:U.S. state
25:52°21′29″N
1920:Krenitzin
1895:Commander
1885:Andreanof
1688:Sagchudak
1608:Kasatochi
1583:Kagalaska
1438:Amatignak
1204:cite book
1108:cite book
883:cite book
660:0066-6939
560:0066-6939
400:red foxes
389:Bird life
367:Dulcinea,
269:Kamchatka
261:St. Peter
175:volcanoes
168:andesites
1935:Pribilof
1880:Aleutian
1858:Yttygran
1823:Unalaska
1763:St. Paul
1633:Kritskoi
1613:Khvostof
1518:Chagulak
1513:Carlisle
1503:Bogoslof
1478:Avatanak
1443:Amchitka
917:Archived
875:22203585
668:40316445
568:40316444
481:(1994).
373:base on
331:M1 rifle
235:manatees
1925:Kudobin
1905:Diomede
1900:Delarof
1863:Yunaska
1783:Tigalda
1773:Tagalak
1713:Sedanka
1693:Samalga
1663:Oglodak
1658:Nunivak
1628:Koniuji
1588:Kagamil
1573:Igitkin
1568:Herbert
1563:Hawadax
1543:Gareloi
1493:Besboro
1433:Amaknak
840:8981765
698:Bibcode
433:breed.
423:puffins
407:seabird
263:, left
164:basalts
150:Geology
134:in the
126:in the
114:of the
108:Булдырь
104:Russian
1960:Walrus
1853:Wislow
1843:Walrus
1838:Unimak
1808:Uliaga
1798:Ugidak
1793:Ugamak
1778:Tanaga
1768:Stuart
1743:Sledge
1738:Skagul
1733:Shemya
1723:Segula
1718:Seguam
1683:Rootok
1653:Nelson
1598:Kanaga
1533:Derbin
1528:Chugul
1508:Buldir
1498:Bobrof
1488:Bering
1453:Amukta
1423:Akutan
1413:Aiktak
1408:Agattu
1403:Adugak
873:
863:
838:
828:
666:
658:
566:
558:
396:Arctic
375:Shemya
302:battle
219:midden
207:Shemya
186:cliffs
132:Shemya
120:Alaska
100:Idmaax
92:Buldyr
1950:Sanak
1940:Punuk
1818:Umnak
1698:Sanak
1668:Otter
1648:Medny
1623:Kiska
1483:Aziak
1448:Amlia
1278:(PDF)
1228:eBird
1134:(PDF)
920:(PDF)
913:(PDF)
787:(PDF)
767:(PDF)
686:(PDF)
664:JSTOR
564:JSTOR
519:(PDF)
124:Kiska
96:Aleut
1955:Seal
1930:Near
1890:Baby
1813:Umak
1803:Ulak
1618:King
1578:Ilak
1558:Hall
1473:Attu
1468:Atka
1428:Amak
1418:Akun
1398:Adak
1210:link
1114:link
893:link
889:link
871:OCLC
861:ISBN
836:OCLC
826:ISBN
656:ISSN
556:ISSN
417:and
380:The
290:Attu
217:The
1945:Rat
1915:Fox
1678:Poa
1538:Egg
957:UPI
746:339
706:doi
694:209
398:or
353:at
118:of
2011::
1988:.
1313:.
1295:.
1250:.
1226:.
1206:}}
1202:{{
1142:^
1110:}}
1106:{{
1086:^
1060:.
1042:.
1024:.
1005:.
980:.
955:.
937:.
885:}}
881:{{
869:.
834:.
803:.
748:.
704:.
692:.
688:.
662:.
652:34
650:.
631:.
618:^
602:.
584:.
562:.
552:34
550:.
538:^
521:.
499:.
457:.
444:,
425:,
267:,
226:.
146:.
106::
102:;
98::
94:;
1998:.
1378:e
1371:t
1364:v
1324:.
1299:.
1260:.
1236:.
1212:)
1164:.
1116:)
1028:.
1009:.
990:.
965:.
941:.
895:)
877:.
842:.
727:.
712:.
708::
700::
670:.
612:.
570:.
532:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
