29:
541:
321:
Hornblende is an inosilicate (chain silicate) mineral, built around double chains of silica tetrahedra. These chains extend the length of the crystal and are bonded to their neighbors by additional metal ions to form the complete crystal structure.
294:
of 3.0 to 3.6, and is typically an opaque green, dark green, brown, or black color. It tends to form slender prismatic to bladed crystals, diamond-shaped in cross section, or is present as irregular grains or fibrous masses.
656:. Charge balance is preserved by the substitution of oxygen ions for hydroxide. Oxyhornblende is also typically enriched in titanium. It is found almost exclusively in volcanic rock and is sometimes called
513:(OH). The different chemical types are almost impossible to distinguish even by optical or X-ray methods, and detailed chemical analysis using an electron microprobe is required.
819:
330:
Hornblende is part of the calcium-amphibole group of amphibole minerals. It is highly variable in composition, and includes at least five solid solution series:
615:
igneous rock (igneous rocks with relative low silica content) in the presence of pore water. Much of the pore water comes from the breakdown of
456:
1045:
1106:
619:
or other hydrous minerals. However, hornblende itself breaks down at very high temperatures. Hornblende alters easily to
240:. It is not a recognized mineral in its own right, but the name is used as a general or field term, to refer to a dark
877:
1005:
953:
287:
168:
1101:
596:. It crystallizes in preference to pyroxene minerals from cooler magma that is richer in silica and water.
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612:
233:
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528:
exists at lower temperatures, and, as a result, hornblende often contains exsolution lamellae of
91:
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There is a solid solution series between hornblende and the closely related amphibole minerals,
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1033:
Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C. (2005).
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291:
249:
201:
56:
687:('deceive'), in allusion to its similar appearance to metal-bearing ore minerals.
28:
673:
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525:
818:
Phillips, M.W.; Draheim, J.E.; Popp, R.K.; Clowe, C.A.; Pinkerton, A.A. (1989).
804:
620:
101:
849:
785:
1070:
318:. Pyroxenes differ in their cleavage planes, which intersect at 87° and 93°.
302:
intersect at 56° and 124° angles. Hornblende is most often confused with the
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245:
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1000:(Fourth ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute.
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820:"Effects of oxidation-dehydrogenation in tschermakitic hornblende"
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is a variety in which most of the iron has been oxidized to the
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872:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 285–286.
33:
Hornblende crystal (dark green) about 35 mm long, with
996:
Jackson, Julia A., ed. (1997). "basaltic hornblende".
630:
A rare variety of hornblende contains less than 5% of
977:
962:
948:(21st ed.). New York: Wiley. pp. 496–497.
925:
913:
897:(4 ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 249.
944:Klein, Cornelis; Hurlbut, Cornelius S. Jr. (1993).
501:can substitute for some of the cations and oxygen,
946:Manual of mineralogy : (after James D. Dana)
1068:
699: – List of minerals with Knowledge articles
805:"Hornblende Mineral | Uses and Properties"
943:
682:
676:
556:Hornblende is a common constituent of many
634:, is gray to white in color, and is named
603:, which form during medium- to high-grade
325:
27:
742:
861:
539:
310:, which are also dark minerals found in
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196:Pale gray, gray-white, white, colorless
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16:Complex inosilicate series of minerals
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983:
971:
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907:
892:
867:
719:"IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols"
716:
334:Magnesiohornblende–ferrohornblende,
244:. Hornblende minerals are common in
1026:
895:A Field Guide To Rocks and Minerals
13:
14:
1123:
638:from its locality in Edenville,
1051:from the original on 2011-08-22
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599:It is the principal mineral of
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842:
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797:
710:
1:
703:
535:
524:, at elevated temperature. A
893:Pough, Frederick H. (1976).
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133:Black to dark green or brown
7:
1044:. Mineral Data Publishing.
690:
627:, or other mafic minerals.
10:
1128:
1107:Minerals in space group 12
870:Introduction to mineralogy
868:Nesse, William D. (2000).
851:Hornblende Root Name Group
220:
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153:Imperfect at 56° and 124°
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55:
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640:Orange County, New York
326:Compositional variances
255:The general formula is
1042:Handbook of Mineralogy
723:Mineralogical Magazine
683:
677:
553:
824:American Mineralogist
543:
455:Magnesiohastingstite–
362:–ferrotschermakite,
1102:Monoclinic minerals
998:Glossary of geology
744:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
735:2021MinM...85..291W
717:Warr, L.N. (2021).
658:basaltic hornblende
282:Physical properties
1097:Aluminium minerals
1092:Magnesium minerals
1023:, p. 285–286.
910:, p. 277–279.
787:Magnesiohornblende
554:
143:Hexagonal/granular
1035:"Ferrohornblende"
562:metamorphic rocks
426:–ferropargasite,
286:Hornblende has a
250:metamorphic rocks
227:
226:
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1082:Calcium minerals
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697:List of minerals
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672:is derived from
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509:for some of the
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292:specific gravity
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202:Specific gravity
186:Vitreous to dull
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61:(repeating unit)
51:Silicate mineral
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768:Ferrohornblende
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550:Henry Mountains
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526:miscibility gap
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986:, p. 286.
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729:(3): 291–320.
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298:Its planes of
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125:Identification
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102:Crystal system
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1087:Iron minerals
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879:9780195106916
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681:('horn') and
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646:Oxyhornblende
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489:In addition,
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232:is a complex
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139:Crystal habit
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1077:Inosilicates
1053:. Retrieved
1041:
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1016:
997:
991:
979:
945:
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927:
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894:
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832:. Retrieved
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726:
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669:
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657:
645:
644:
629:
613:intermediate
605:metamorphism
601:amphibolites
598:
555:
515:
488:
465:[(Mg,Fe)
432:[(Mg,Fe)
368:[(Mg,Fe)
360:Tschermakite
340:[(Mg,Fe)
329:
320:
308:biotite mica
297:
285:
254:
229:
228:
118:
834:30 December
544:Hornblende
457:hastingsite
316:charnockite
306:series and
234:inosilicate
212:Pleochroism
114:Space group
1071:Categories
1021:Nesse 2000
1007:0922152349
984:Nesse 2000
972:Nesse 2000
955:047157452X
932:Nesse 2000
920:Nesse 2000
908:Nesse 2000
856:Mindat.org
792:Mindat.org
773:Mindat.org
704:References
670:hornblende
632:iron oxide
552:, Utah, US
536:Occurrence
522:actinolite
290:of 5–6, a
261:(Mg,Fe,Al)
236:series of
230:Hornblende
221:References
169:Mohs scale
107:Monoclinic
92:IMA symbol
70:(Mg,Fe,Al)
22:Hornblende
830:: 764–773
753:235729616
668:The word
664:Etymology
548:from the
530:grunerite
518:tremolite
511:hydroxide
495:manganese
424:Pargasite
242:amphibole
1055:14 March
1046:Archived
691:See also
621:chlorite
586:andesite
564:such as
507:chlorine
503:fluorine
499:chromium
491:titanium
304:pyroxene
300:cleavage
288:hardness
238:minerals
172:hardness
159:Fracture
149:Cleavage
48:Category
1112:Blendes
731:Bibcode
652:state,
636:edenite
625:biotite
574:diorite
570:syenite
566:granite
558:igneous
546:diorite
404:(Mg,Fe)
396:Edenite
312:granite
265:(Al,Si)
257:(Ca,Na)
246:igneous
74:(Al,Si)
57:Formula
43:General
37:(white)
35:apatite
1004:
952:
876:
751:
684:blende
674:German
650:ferric
594:schist
592:, and
590:gneiss
582:basalt
578:gabbro
273:(OH,F)
216:Strong
192:Streak
182:Luster
163:Uneven
1049:(PDF)
1038:(PDF)
749:S2CID
617:micas
609:mafic
505:, or
497:, or
469:Fe]Si
436:Al]Si
344:Al]Si
130:Color
1057:2022
1002:ISBN
950:ISBN
874:ISBN
836:2020
678:Horn
560:and
481:(OH)
461:NaCa
448:(OH)
428:NaCa
416:(OH)
400:NaCa
388:(OH)
352:(OH)
314:and
248:and
119:C2/m
82:(OH)
739:doi
611:to
607:of
412:AlO
376:]Si
348:AlO
259:2−3
206:2.9
176:5–6
96:Hbl
1073::
1040:.
964:^
854:,
828:74
826:.
822:.
790:,
771:,
747:.
737:.
727:85
725:.
721:.
660:.
654:Fe
642:.
623:,
588:,
584:,
580:,
576:,
572:,
568:,
532:.
493:,
479:22
473:Al
459:,
446:22
440:Al
414:22
408:Si
386:22
380:Al
372:Al
364:Ca
350:22
336:Ca
278:.
271:22
252:.
80:22
66:Ca
1059:.
1010:.
958:.
882:.
838:.
807:.
755:.
741::
733::
520:–
483:2
477:O
475:2
471:6
467:4
463:2
450:2
444:O
442:2
438:6
434:4
430:2
418:2
410:7
406:5
402:2
390:2
384:O
382:2
378:6
374:2
370:3
366:2
354:2
346:7
342:4
338:2
275:2
269:O
267:8
263:5
84:2
78:O
76:8
72:5
68:2
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