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of age because their wooden roofing has rotted and withered over the past 1,200 years. The museum itself is inadequate and not organised, much of the findings are elsewhere scattered from Museum Negara to
Singapore (which once formed a part of Malaysia). Folk stories and oral history also provide place for a magnificent kingdom of jewels and gold. Outside peninsular and insular Southeast Asia, oral history in India suggests the presence of golden chariots and jewels in hidden caves at Bujang Valley and Mount Jerai. Some visitors to the antiquity department at Muzium Negara has eyewitness accounts of magnificent objects such as a 10-feet-tall Raja Bersiung Throne and various idols and items from the Valley.
205:. The most prominent local archaeologist who did research in the Bujang Valley was Nik Hassan Shuhaimi Nik Abdul Rahman who wrote and publish countless books and articles on this topic. He introduced a periodisation of the history of Bujang Valley as well as a theory which explains about the process of indigenisation of the Indian Culture which formed the socio-economic make up of the polity. Other earlier local archaeologist who significantly contributed to the research of Bujang Valley include from Leong Sau Heng, Mohd Supian Sabtu, Kamarudin Zakaria, and Zulkifli Jaafar. After 2008, The Centre for Global Archaeological Research (CGAR) from
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since 2013. In 2017, the government announced that they will make more research and conservation efforts in the valley to preserve its outstanding universal value. The site's inclusion to the world heritage list is backed by diplomats from India, Indonesia, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Singapore, the
192:
Before the 1970s, the research in Bujang Valley was done by western archaeologists, the most prominent ones include H.G. Quaritch Wales, Dorothy Wales, and
Alastair Lamb. After the 1970s, local archaeologists were trained to continue the research, excavations and reconstructions of sites were done by
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For the past two decades, students from universities around
Malaysia have been invited for research and have done their graduate works at the Valley. Much of the historical links is still vague considering not many of the scriptures and writings survive. Even the temples did not survive the onslaught
251:
kingdom in the south of what is now
Vietnam. This network encompassed the southern part of the Indochinese peninsula and the western part of the Indonesian archipelago. These coastal cities had a continuous trade as well as tributary relation with China from very early period, at the same time being
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made a report in 1987 endorsing the site. In 2014, some ruins of candi (temples) in Bujang were destroyed by an urban developer, causing an international outcry against attacks on cultural heritage. In 2017, the government of
Malaysia announced that more research on the site is still needed, thus
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kingdom and was amongst 17 registered candi. In the face of public criticism, the Kedah State
Government sought to deflect blame by claiming that it was powerless to do anything because the land was privately owned and further, that the site had not been gazetted as a historical site. After the
297:, was continuously frequented by Chinese and south Indian traders. Such was proven by the discovery of trade ceramics, sculptures, inscriptions and monuments dated from the 5th to 14th century CE. The Bujang Valley was continuously administered by different thalassocratical powers including
125:, where remains showing Indian influence have been found dating from the early 5th century. Relics found in the Bujang Valley are now on display at the archaeological museum. Items include inscribed stone caskets and tablets, metal tools and ornaments, ceramics, pottery, and Hindu icons.
830:
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is also located that known as Sungai Batu, excavations have revealed jetty remains, iron-smelting sites, and a clay brick monument dating back to 110 AD, making it the oldest man-made structure to be recorded in
Southeast Asia.
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script of the 7th century, thus proclaiming the
Buddhist character of the shrine near the find-spot (site I) of which only the basement survives. It is inscribed on three faces in 6th century, possibly earlier. Except for the
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The rulers of the western part of
Indonesia adopted Indian cultural and political models e.g. proof of such Indian influence on Indonesian art in the 5th century, i. e. an Amaravati Buddha statue found in southern
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Inscription which was engraved on a large boulder, other inscriptions discovered in Bujang Valley are comparatively small in size and probably were brought in by
Buddhist pilgrimage or traders.
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script, are proof that these "Indonesians" had definitely adopted Indian models while maintaining their indigenous language and social system. These inscriptions reveal the existence of a
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In 2013, it was reported that, a 1,200-year-old Hindu Temple at the site, identified as Candi No. 11, had been demolished by a land developer. Candi 11 was one of the most ancient of the
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influences which has been known for about a century now from the discoveries reported by Col. Low and has recently been subjected to a fairly exhaustive investigation by Dr.
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49:) is a sprawling historical complex and has an area of approximately 224 square kilometres (86 sq mi), with the discovery of a set of new iron smelting sites,
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excluding it from the Malaysian tentative list. The government also said that Bujang's Merbok Museum and Pengkalan Bujang held historical significance to the site.
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232:(Greek: ĪĪ»Ī±ĻĪ“Ī¹ĪæĻ Ī ĻĪæĪ»ĪµĪ¼Ī±įæĪæĻ; c. 90 ā c. 168), known in English as Ptolemy, was a Greek geographer, astronomer, and astrologer who had written about
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As early as the 1st century AD, Southeast Asia was the place of a network of coastal city-states, the centre of which was the ancient Khmer
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804:"Candi controversy: Ministry has agreed to consider gazetting Lembah Bujang as heritage site, says Mukhriz - Nation - The Star Online"
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209:, led by Mohd Mokhtar Saidin explored a new archaeological complex which reveals dozens of new sites, said to be dated from 2nd CE.
82:(pronounced as "chandi"), have also been unearthed. The most impressive and well-preserved of these is located in Pengkalan Bujang,
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means "bachelor" and suggests a combined meaning of "bachelor scholars" who pursued spiritual studies instead of wordly ties.
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Philippines, Timor-Leste, Bangladesh, Japan, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Laos, Brunei, Papua New Guinea, Maldives, and Sri Lanka.
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928:"Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 6(16): 3027-3033,... ISSN: 2040-7459; e-ISSN: 2040-7467"
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Built in 6th century A.D, Candi Bukit Batu Pahat is the most well-known ancient Hindu temple found in Bujang Valley,
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controversy, the Tourism and Heritage Ministry has agreed to consider gazetting the Bujang Valley as heritage site.
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953:"Lembah Bujang : dari perspektif arkeologi dan pelancongan / penyunting, Nik Hassan Shuhaimi Nik Abdul Rahman"
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The area consists of ruins that may date more than 1,500 years old. More than 50 ancient pagoda temples, called
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902:"Prof. Emeritus Dato' Dr. Nik Hassan Shuhaimi Nik Abd. Rahman | INSTITUTE OF THE MALAY WORLD AND CIVILIZATION"
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enlarging the settlement area to 1,000 square kilometres (390 sq mi). Bujang Valley situated near
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Wahab, Mohd Rohaizat Abdul; Zakaria, Ros Mahwati Ahmad; Hadrawi, Muhlis; Ramli, Zuliskandar (7 March 2018).
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Michel Jacq-Hergoualc'h, The Malay Peninsula, Crossroads of the Maritime Silk Road, 2002, Brill, Leiden,
1170:""KadÄtuan ÅrÄ«vijaya" - Empire or kraton of ÅrÄ«vijaya ? A Reassessment of the Epigraphical Evidence"
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means "scholar", thus the name itself is roughly translated into "Scholars' Valley". The Malaysian word
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511:"Kedah has Southeast Asia's oldest civilisation and archaeologists barely know its complete history"
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2016:
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1139:"Inscriptions of Sumatra: Further Data on the Epigraphy of the Musi and Batang Hari Rivers Basins"
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877:"Revisiting the Bujang Valley: A Southeast Asian entrepƓt complex on the maritime trade route"
831:"Revisiting the Bujang Valley: A Southeast Asian entrepƓt complex on the maritime trade route"
446:"Revisiting the Bujang Valley: A Southeast Asian entrepƓt complex on the maritime trade route"
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1213:"State formation and the evolution of naval strategies in the Melaka Straits, c. 500ā1500 CE"
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who led an expedition against his enemies and who curses those who will not obey his law.
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One of the six stone boxes, which were found buried beneath Candi Bukit Batu Pahat
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776:"Candi controversy: Bulldozing 1,000 years of history - Nation - The Star Online"
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Figure of a dancer carved in high relief found at Batu Lintang, south of Kedah
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and a Sanskrit inscription found east of Jakarta. Three inscriptions found in
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1364:"Bujang Valley and Kuala Kedah Fort: proposals for a masterplan: Malaysia"
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Selected Topics on Archaeology, History and Culture in the Malay World
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The Bujang Valley is currently in the process of being nominated by
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1988:
1983:
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1540:"Lobbying Unesco to recognise Bujang Valley as world heritage site"
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1920:
1453:"Bujang Valley should be recognised as Unesco World Heritage Site"
1304:"Concerning some old Sanskrit Inscriptions in the Malay Peninsula"
1265:"Malayan Archaeology of the "Hindu period": some reconsiderations"
790:"After uproar, Kedah scrambles bid to salvage Lembah Bujang ruins"
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4052:
3955:
3793:
3743:
3530:
3356:
2992:
2845:
2763:
2753:
2528:
2518:
2491:
2486:
2476:
2431:
2416:
2411:
2191:
2136:
2121:
2113:
2080:
1947:
1850:
1825:
1801:
1700:
1690:
1414:
761:"Centuries-old temple ruins in Bujang Valley furtively destroyed"
347:
269:
268:, written in a form of Malay and in an alphabet derived from the
78:
4326:
4094:
1786:
1642:
568:. Singapore University Press, National University of Singapore.
7087:
6666:
6390:
6362:
5719:
5704:
5540:
5402:
5382:
5157:
4819:
4699:
4689:
4624:
4252:
4208:
4193:
4183:
4153:
4077:
3960:
3728:
3600:
3344:
3339:
3024:
3002:
2815:
2768:
2727:
2609:
2599:
2538:
2446:
2389:
2384:
2238:
1925:
1761:
1747:
1732:
1632:
1566:
1367:
396:
375:
363:
137:
110:
54:
608:"Archaeologists search for a king in Sungai Batu | Malay Mail"
7110:
7010:
6593:
6052:
5974:
5859:
5694:
5552:
5518:
5498:
5468:
5397:
4814:
4659:
4537:
4532:
4502:
4457:
4304:
4299:
4178:
3883:
3708:
3675:
3665:
2920:
2915:
2619:
2589:
2523:
2503:
2441:
2421:
2394:
2233:
1935:
1835:
1781:
1737:
1715:
1435:"Ministry: More studies before Unesco push for Bujang Valley"
1383:"Ministry: More studies before Unesco push for Bujang Valley"
330:
241:
237:
222:
106:
95:
58:
1269:
Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
5729:
4522:
4188:
3685:
2961:
2890:
2872:
2820:
2604:
2548:
2508:
2468:
2451:
2436:
2401:
1830:
1742:
484:"Historical Bujang Valley still remains a best kept secret"
122:
1308:
Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
1044:
Transactions and Papers (Institute of British Geographers)
5387:
3923:
1634:
1370:. FMR/CC/CH/87/131, RP/1986-1987/XI.I.3/Technical report.
5941:
Historical buildings, memorials, monuments and sites in
1200:
A study of ceramic deposits from Pengkalan Bujang, Kedah
1042:
Wheatley, P. (1 January 1955). "The Golden Chersonese".
534:
340:
An inscribed stone bar, rectangular in shape, bears the
1695:
1489:
Early Indonesian Commerce : a Study of the Origins
69:
in the south. It is the richest archaeological area in
168:
found in the vicinity of site 4 near the Bujang Valley
1593:
Bujang Valley Archaeological Museum, Bukit Batu Pahat
700:, New York, NY: Springer New York, pp. 125ā141,
1578:
Bujang Valley Eco Tourism Management ā Bujang Valley
633:"New interest in an older Lembah Bujang, 2010/07/25"
565:
The Southeast Asian Port and Polity: Rise and Demise
1896:
561:
8228:
1013:"Ancient seaport of Sg Batu | New Straits Times"
698:Handbook of East and Southeast Asian Archaeology
1338:"BM 04. The mysterious relic of Cherok To'kun"
1202:(Doctoral dissertation, University of Malaya).
1174:Bulletin de l'Ćcole franƧaise d'ExtrĆŖme-Orient
285:Being on the maritime route between China and
7566:
7189:St. Michael's and All Angels Church, Sandakan
6376:Sri Marathandavar Bala Dhandayuthapani Alayam
5926:
3253:
1618:
4035:Basic points unifying TheravÄda and MahÄyÄna
1238:"Who guards the treasures of Bujang Valley?"
1598:Lembah Bujang: Kingdom lost . kingdom found
1496:Early Southeast Asia : selected essays
976:
105:and political models earlier than those of
7573:
7559:
5933:
5919:
3260:
3246:
1625:
1611:
155:
16:Archaeological site and valley in Malaysia
7896:Royal Malaysian Customs Department Museum
1136:
252:in constant contact with Indian traders.
7309:Bronze Globe of Tanjung Simpang Mengayau
6071:Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah Gallery
1432:
1380:
1041:
588:
316:
216:
175:
159:
20:
7580:
5983:Arulmigu Sri Rajakaliamman Glass Temple
5222:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
8229:
8153:Lau King Howe Hospital Memorial Museum
5425:List of Buddhist architecture in China
1511:The Fall of Srivijaya in Malay History
1422:from the original on 11 December 2021.
1361:
1010:
828:
694:"A History of Archaeology in Malaysia"
508:
443:
244:has existed since the 1st century AD.
7554:
7164:Sacred Heart Cathedral, Kota Kinabalu
7066:
6280:Proclamation of Independence Memorial
5953:
5914:
3241:
1606:
1262:
1167:
1110:
1092:from the original on 5 September 2015
312:
133:The archaeological remains suggest a
6043:Sultanah Fatimah Specialist Hospital
1588:The Ancient Kingdom of Bujang Valley
1301:
977:Subramanian, T. s (19 August 2010).
835:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
691:
648:
646:
589:Malaysia, Persatuan Sejarah (1980).
450:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
444:Murphy, Stephen A. (November 2017).
439:
437:
7994:Penang State Museum and Art Gallery
7606:Johor Bahru Chinese Heritage Museum
6698:Church of Our Lady of Lourdes Klang
6419:Church of the Immaculate Conception
6399:Arulmigu Balathandayuthapani Temple
5988:Church of the Immaculate Conception
3222:
605:
325:In Kedah there are remains showing
88:Bujang Valley Archaeological Museum
13:
5212:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
1532:
1513:, Cornell University Press, 1970,
1459:. 28 November 2016. Archived from
1082:"Funan | ancient state, Indochina"
509:Mahmud, Aqil Haziq (2 July 2023).
358:
14:
8253:
8097:Sabah Islamic Civilisation Museum
7067:
5954:
1559:
829:Murphy, Stephen A. (April 2018).
773:
643:
434:
8237:Archaeological sites in Malaysia
7906:Straits Chinese Jewellery Museum
7046:Tanjung Tualang Tin Dredge No. 5
6459:Jalan Baru Sri Muniswarar Temple
6305:Straits Chinese Jewellery Museum
5893:
5883:
5882:
5440:Thai temple art and architecture
5185:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
3425:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
3291:
3278:
3268:
3221:
3211:
3202:
3201:
3190:
1895:
1641:
1633:
1583:Tourism Malaysia ā Bujang Valley
1565:
1023:from the original on 24 May 2016
562:Kathirithamby-Wells, J. (1990).
7856:Malacca Sultanate Palace Museum
7184:St. Michael's Church, Penampang
6733:Sultan Abdul Aziz Royal Gallery
3292:
3191:
1445:
1426:
1400:
1374:
1355:
1330:
1295:
1256:
1230:
1205:
1192:
1161:
1130:
1104:
1074:
1035:
1004:
970:
945:
920:
894:
869:
822:
796:
782:
767:
753:
728:
685:
671:
195:National University of Malaysia
7866:Malay and Islamic World Museum
7821:History and Ethnography Museum
7636:Tanjung Balau Fishermen Museum
6718:Sri Sunderaraja Perumal Temple
6612:Church of St. Anthony of Padua
6519:Penang State Assembly Building
6255:Malay and Islamic World Museum
6013:Johor Bahru Old Chinese Temple
5430:Japanese Buddhist architecture
5232:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
4312:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
3503:Places where the Buddha stayed
3116:Relations with other religions
1409:Ancient temple ruins destroyed
1381:Abdullah, A. (6 August 2017).
1263:Wales, H. G. Quaritch (1970).
625:
599:
582:
555:
528:
502:
476:
1:
7974:Penang Indian Heritage Museum
7729:Royal Malaysian Police Museum
6981:Fort of Smelly Monitor Lizard
6883:Tomb of Sultan Mahmud Shah II
6554:Sri Aghora Veerapathra Temple
6023:Sultan Abu Bakar State Mosque
5445:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
1433:Abdullah, A (6 August 2017).
1011:Zanina, Putri (23 May 2016).
595:. Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia.
427:
236:, which indicates trade with
140:once existed in the area. In
7979:Batik Painting Museum Penang
7871:Malaysia Architecture Museum
7806:Democratic Government Museum
7277:Tua Pek Kong Temple, Kuching
7257:Sacred Heart Cathedral, Sibu
6956:Chinatown (Kuala Terengganu)
6908:Seri Menanti Royal Mausoleum
6878:Sultan Abdul Samad Mausoleum
6632:Leaning Tower of Teluk Intan
6494:Nattukkottai Chettiar Temple
6429:Eastern & Oriental Hotel
6260:Malaysia Architecture Museum
6230:Church of St. Francis Xavier
6147:Kuala Lumpur railway station
5202:Buddhism and the Roman world
5178:Decline of Buddhism in India
5173:History of Buddhism in India
3273: Topics in
1498:, Cornell University, 2008,
1113:"Indianization of Indonesia"
979:"Remnants of a relationship"
706:10.1007/978-1-4939-6521-2_12
417:Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism
128:
7:
7901:Royal Malaysian Navy Museum
7786:Baba Nyonya Heritage Museum
7424:Tawau Japanese War Memorial
7031:Sultan Abdul Halim Hospital
6489:Mahindarama Buddhist Temple
6424:Dhammikarama Burmese Temple
6187:Sultan Abdul Samad Building
6157:National Mosque of Malaysia
6028:Sultan Ibrahim Jamek Mosque
6008:Johor Bahru railway station
4400:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
4140:
606:Mok, Opalyn (9 June 2017).
385:
309:before the trade declined.
10:
8258:
8050:Sitiawan Settlement Museum
7482:Gaya Street, Kota Kinabalu
7429:Tun Datu Mustapha Memorial
7404:Sandakan Massacre Memorial
7399:Sandakan Japanese Cemetery
7319:Chartered Company Monument
6903:Pahang Old Royal Mausoleum
6868:Mahmoodiah Royal Mausoleum
6808:Birch Memorial Clock Tower
6803:Al-Ghufran Royal Mausoleum
6723:Sri Sithi Vinayagar Temple
6713:One Fathom Bank Lighthouse
6602:Al-Ghufran Royal Mausoleum
6439:Fort Cornwallis Lighthouse
6404:Church of the Risen Christ
6310:Sri Poyatha Moorthi Temple
5350:The unanswerable questions
1471:
1111:infid (13 November 2017).
212:
8161:
8120:
8074:
8058:
8012:
8004:Sun Yat-sen Museum Penang
7966:
7945:
7924:
7846:Malacca Literature Museum
7768:
7742:
7699:Maybank Numismatic Museum
7686:
7660:
7644:
7588:
7442:
7374:North Borneo War Monument
7299:
7287:Tua Pek Kong Temple, Sibu
7282:Tua Pek Kong Temple, Miri
7202:
7109:
7086:
7079:
7075:
7062:
6921:
6793:
6746:
6683:
6665:
6592:
6389:
6361:
6333:
6210:
6112:
6084:
6076:Sungai Petani clock tower
6051:
5993:Dato' Bentara Luar Mosque
5973:
5966:
5962:
5949:
5878:
5830:
5745:
5660:
5435:Buddhist temples in Korea
5358:
5260:
5143:
4840:
4768:
4595:
4468:
4408:
4043:
3998:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
3909:
3901:Three planes of existence
3849:
3694:
3586:
3516:
3508:Buddha in world religions
3370:
3315:
3287:
3188:
3015:
2980:
2806:
2741:
2648:
2575:
2568:
2467:
2370:
2361:
2269:
2155:
2112:
2079:
1997:
1971:
1943:
1934:
1913:
1904:
1893:
1812:
1681:
1672:
1651:
1387:Free Malaysia Today (FMT)
847:10.1017/S1356186317000505
462:10.1017/S1356186317000505
207:University Sains Malaysia
94:The local rulers adopted
8107:Sandakan Heritage Museum
8092:Pogunon Community Museum
8082:Keningau Heritage Museum
7796:Cheng Ho Cultural Museum
7668:Istana Batu Royal Museum
7527:Sarawak General Hospital
7517:Queen Elizabeth Hospital
7512:Pogunon Community Museum
7477:Duchess of Kent Hospital
7349:Kuching Heroes' Cemetery
7174:Sandakan Heritage Museum
7144:Keningau Heritage Museum
7134:Jesselton Freemason Hall
7006:Malacca General Hospital
6848:Kelantan Royal Mausoleum
6559:Sri Mahamariamman Temple
6539:Thean Kong Thnuah Temple
6524:Pinang Peranakan Mansion
6414:Church of the Assumption
6353:Seremban railway station
6182:Sri Mahamariamman Temple
6038:Sultanah Aminah Hospital
5217:Persecution of Buddhists
4438:Four stages of awakening
3819:Three marks of existence
3405:Physical characteristics
2260:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
1137:Griffiths, Arlo (2011).
8184:Sultan Alam Shah Museum
7953:Sultan Abu Bakar Museum
7831:Malacca Al-Quran Museum
7719:National Textile Museum
7709:National History Museum
7673:Kelantan Islamic Museum
7394:Sandakan Heritage Trail
7384:Quailey's Hill Memorial
7247:Islamic Heritage Museum
7154:Melalap railway station
7129:Batu Tinagat Lighthouse
6898:Old Protestant Cemetery
6873:Melaka Warrior Monument
6454:Jade Emperor God Temple
6444:Goddess of Mercy Temple
6409:Cheong Fatt Tze Mansion
6381:Sultan Abu Bakar Museum
6325:Undan Island Lighthouse
6235:Cape Rachado Lighthouse
6162:National Textile Museum
6061:Kedah State Art Gallery
6033:Sultan Ibrahim Building
6018:Pulau Pisang Lighthouse
4580:Ten principal disciples
3463:(aunt, adoptive mother)
2339:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
1546:(online). 25 April 2019
1342:butterworthguide.com.my
1186:10.3406/befeo.1993.2193
1168:Kulke, Hermann (1993).
1086:Encyclopedia Britannica
488:www.dailyexpress.com.my
264:(South Sumatra) and on
156:Archaeological research
8148:Textile Museum Sarawak
8128:Chinese History Museum
7876:Malaysia Prison Museum
7841:Malacca Islamic Museum
7755:Labuan Maritime Museum
7616:Kota Johor Lama Museum
7434:William Pryer Monument
7409:Sandakan Memorial Park
7364:Last POW Camp Memorial
7354:Kundasang War Memorial
7339:Gunner Cleary Memorial
7252:Kuching Old Courthouse
7212:Chinese History Museum
7016:Penang Botanic Gardens
6971:Fort of Ngah Ibrahim's
6941:Biru Seri Kundang Lake
6858:Kuala Klawang Memorial
6728:Sultan Sulaiman Mosque
6315:Tamil Methodist Church
6220:Cheng Hoon Teng Temple
5290:Buddhism and democracy
4803:Tibetan Buddhist canon
4798:Chinese Buddhist canon
4030:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
4025:Early Buddhist schools
2314:Eighteen Greater Texts
1155:10.3406/arch.2011.4273
957:National Library Board
692:Chia, Stephen (2017),
681:. Sanskrit Dictionary.
654:"Bujang Valley Museum"
412:Mahanavika Buddhagupta
322:
293:as well as facing the
226:
201:in collaboration with
181:
169:
61:, between 1,217-metre
46:
34:
8169:Malay Heritage Museum
7989:Penang Islamic Museum
7937:Lukut Fort and Museum
7881:Malaysia Youth Museum
7452:Agop Batu Tulug Caves
7414:Sandakan War Monument
7324:Cho Huan Lai Memorial
7179:Sandakan Jamek Mosque
6996:Lukut Fort and Museum
6843:Kedah Royal Mausoleum
6776:Rumah Warisan Haji Su
6637:Panglima Kinta Mosque
6514:Penang Masonic Temple
6509:Penang Islamic Museum
6469:Kapitan Keling Mosque
6449:Holy Spirit Cathedral
6265:Malaysia Youth Museum
5300:Eight Consciousnesses
3410:Life of Buddha in art
3067:Hindu gurus and sants
2319:Eighteen Lesser Texts
1362:Sanday, John (1987).
320:
220:
179:
163:
24:
8179:Petaling Jaya Museum
8143:Sarawak State Museum
8025:Darul Ridzuan Museum
7851:Malacca Stamp Museum
7704:National Art Gallery
7379:Petagas War Memorial
7329:De Fontaine Memorial
7262:Sarawak State Museum
7217:Ching San Yen Temple
7169:Sam Sing Kung Temple
7124:Atkinson Clock Tower
6913:Taiping War Cemetery
6823:Hang Jebat Mausoleum
6781:Tian Hou Gong Temple
6622:Ipoh railway station
6584:Wat Chayamangkalaram
6343:Istana Ampang Tinggi
6250:Kampung Kling Mosque
6202:Victoria Institution
6197:St. Mary's Cathedral
6192:St. John's Cathedral
6177:Sri Kandaswamy Kovil
6172:Sin Sze Si Ya Temple
6122:Buddhist Maha Vihara
5777:East Asian religions
5207:Buddhism in the West
4778:Early Buddhist texts
4393:Four Right Exertions
3859:Ten spiritual realms
3352:Noble Eightfold Path
3057:Anti-Hindu sentiment
1574:at Wikimedia Commons
199:University of Malaya
8213:5.73778Ā°N 100.414Ā°E
8209: /
7861:Malacca UMNO Museum
7836:Malacca Bee Gallery
7781:Agricultural Museum
7694:Islamic Arts Museum
7582:Museums in Malaysia
7419:Starcevich Monument
7369:Mat Salleh Memorial
7359:Labuan War Cemetery
7344:Keningau Oath Stone
7334:Double Six Monument
7159:Sabah Tourism Board
6986:Independence Square
6888:Millennium Monument
6863:Lord Murugan Statue
6818:Cheras War Cemetery
6766:Ho Ann Kiong Temple
6647:Sam Poh Tong Temple
6569:St. George's Church
6464:Jubilee Clock Tower
6348:Istana Seri Menanti
6275:Poh San Teng Temple
6245:Kampung Hulu Mosque
6240:Fortress of Malacca
6152:Lee Rubber Building
6104:Kampung Laut Mosque
6003:Istana Bukit Serene
5900:Religion portal
5647:Temple of the Tooth
5526:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
4565:UpÄsaka and UpÄsikÄ
4058:BodhipakkhiyÄdhammÄ
3841:Two truths doctrine
3661:Mahapajapati Gotamī
3461:Mahapajapati Gotamī
3163:Hinduism by country
2329:Iraiyanar Akapporul
2289:TirumurukÄį¹į¹uppaį¹ai
1457:The Malaysian Times
1439:Free Malaysia Today
1198:Leong, S.H., 1973.
810:on 19 February 2014
658:www.photodharma.net
379:World Heritage List
230:Claudius Ptolemaeus
8133:Kuching Cat Museum
8112:Tun Sakaran Museum
8066:Kota Kayang Museum
8045:Perak Royal Museum
7621:Kota Tinggi Museum
7487:Lumuyu Petroglyphs
7472:Chinatown, Kuching
7462:Buloh Kasap Bridge
7389:Rafflesia Monument
7242:Hong San Si Temple
7101:Labuan Clock Tower
7001:Markets of Taiping
6828:Hang Li Poh's Well
6642:Perak State Museum
6607:All Saints' Church
6300:St. Peter's Church
6270:Middelburg Bastion
5822:Western philosophy
5420:Dzong architecture
5242:Vipassana movement
5237:Buddhist modernism
4665:Emperor Wen of Sui
4433:PratyekabuddhayÄna
4366:Threefold Training
4168:Vipassana movement
3884:Hungry Ghost realm
3704:AvidyÄ (Ignorance)
3651:Puį¹į¹a MantÄnÄ«putta
3400:Great Renunciation
3395:Eight Great Events
3277:
1491:, 2001, 1597401870
792:. 1 December 2013.
763:. 1 December 2013.
490:. 28 February 2021
407:Candi of Indonesia
323:
313:Kedah inscriptions
227:
182:
170:
35:
8192:
8191:
8174:Orang Asli Museum
8035:Palong Tin Museum
8030:Geological Museum
7999:Penang Toy Museum
7816:Governor's Museum
7776:Aborigines Museum
7548:
7547:
7544:
7543:
7540:
7539:
7467:Batu Lintang camp
7295:
7294:
7119:Agnes Keith House
7058:
7057:
7054:
7053:
6966:Guillemard Bridge
6893:National Monument
6838:Heroes' Mausoleum
6789:
6788:
6564:St. Anne's Church
6504:Penang High Court
6484:Lebuh Aceh Mosque
6371:All Souls' Church
6320:Tranquerah Mosque
6295:St. Paul's Church
6132:DBKL City Theatre
5908:
5907:
5546:Om mani padme hum
5252:Women in Buddhism
5168:Buddhist councils
5038:Western countries
4826:MadhyamakÄlaį¹kÄra
4587:Shaolin Monastery
4164:Samatha-vipassanÄ
3774:PratÄ«tyasamutpÄda
3578:Metteyya/Maitreya
3496:
3488:
3480:
3472:
3464:
3456:
3448:
3325:Four Noble Truths
3235:
3234:
3011:
3010:
2564:
2563:
2357:
2356:
2271:Sangam literature
2227:YÄjƱavalkya Smį¹ti
2075:
2074:
1891:
1890:
1570:Media related to
1544:New Straits Times
1504:978-0-87727-773-6
1463:on 24 March 2019.
1302:Kern, H. (1907).
1275:(1 (217)): 1ā34.
1244:. 4 December 2013
740:www.trekearth.com
715:978-1-4939-6519-9
612:www.malaymail.com
575:978-9971-69-141-7
548:978-981-10-5669-7
291:Strait of Malacca
234:Golden Chersonese
65:in the north and
33:, from site 21/22
8249:
8242:History of Kedah
8224:
8223:
8221:
8220:
8219:
8218:5.73778; 100.414
8214:
8210:
8207:
8206:
8205:
8202:
8138:Petroleum Museum
8087:Mat Sator Museum
7911:Submarine Museum
7811:Education Museum
7631:Pineapple Museum
7575:
7568:
7561:
7552:
7551:
7507:Petroleum Museum
7194:Tawau Bell Tower
7084:
7083:
7077:
7076:
7064:
7063:
6833:Hang Tuah's Well
6652:Taiping Hospital
6529:Penang Town Hall
6499:Penang City Hall
6127:Coliseum Theatre
5971:
5970:
5964:
5963:
5951:
5950:
5935:
5928:
5921:
5912:
5911:
5898:
5897:
5886:
5885:
5725:Sacred languages
5573:Maya Devi Temple
5536:Mahabodhi Temple
5340:Secular Buddhism
5305:Engaged Buddhism
4145:
3993:Tibetan Buddhism
3944:Vietnamese Thiį»n
3543:MahÄsthÄmaprÄpta
3494:
3486:
3478:
3470:
3462:
3454:
3446:
3295:
3294:
3282:
3272:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3239:
3238:
3225:
3224:
3215:
3205:
3204:
3194:
3193:
3104:Pilgrimage sites
2858:Ganesh Chaturthi
2573:
2572:
2368:
2367:
2349:Vedarthasamgraha
2344:Vinayagar Agaval
2309:Five Great Epics
2284:Divya Prabandham
2197:Minor Upanishads
1941:
1940:
1911:
1910:
1899:
1898:
1679:
1678:
1645:
1637:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1604:
1603:
1569:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1509:Wolters, O. W.,
1494:Wolters, O. W.,
1487:Wolters, O. W.,
1465:
1464:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1242:The Edge Markets
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1209:
1203:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1008:
1002:
1001:
999:
997:
974:
968:
967:
965:
963:
949:
943:
942:
940:
938:
924:
918:
917:
915:
913:
898:
892:
891:
889:
887:
873:
867:
866:
826:
820:
819:
817:
815:
806:. Archived from
800:
794:
793:
786:
780:
779:
771:
765:
764:
757:
751:
750:
748:
746:
732:
726:
725:
724:
722:
689:
683:
682:
675:
669:
668:
666:
664:
650:
641:
640:
639:on 29 June 2011.
635:. Archived from
629:
623:
622:
620:
618:
603:
597:
596:
586:
580:
579:
559:
553:
552:
532:
526:
525:
523:
521:
506:
500:
499:
497:
495:
480:
474:
473:
441:
402:History of Kedah
51:Sungai Batu site
8257:
8256:
8252:
8251:
8250:
8248:
8247:
8246:
8227:
8226:
8217:
8215:
8211:
8208:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8196:
8195:
8193:
8188:
8157:
8116:
8070:
8054:
8008:
7962:
7941:
7925:Negeri Sembilan
7920:
7891:People's Museum
7886:Maritime Museum
7764:
7738:
7714:National Museum
7682:
7678:Kelantan Museum
7656:
7640:
7584:
7579:
7549:
7536:
7438:
7314:Brooke Memorial
7301:
7291:
7232:Fort Margherita
7198:
7149:Kinarut Mansion
7139:Jesselton Hotel
7105:
7071:
7050:
7041:Tambun rock art
7036:Victoria Bridge
7026:St. Paul's Hill
6936:Batu Pahat Well
6917:
6795:
6785:
6761:Duyong Old Fort
6742:
6703:Hatter's Castle
6693:Alaeddin Mosque
6679:
6661:
6627:Kellie's Castle
6588:
6434:Fort Cornwallis
6385:
6357:
6335:Negeri Sembilan
6329:
6290:St. John's Fort
6206:
6108:
6080:
6047:
5958:
5945:
5939:
5909:
5904:
5892:
5874:
5826:
5741:
5656:
5393:Ordination hall
5354:
5256:
5227:Buddhist crisis
5139:
4836:
4788:Mahayana sutras
4764:
4760:ThĆch Nhįŗ„t Hįŗ”nh
4591:
4464:
4404:
4354:Bodhisattva vow
4039:
3905:
3845:
3804:Taį¹hÄ (Craving)
3739:Five hindrances
3690:
3582:
3512:
3366:
3311:
3283:
3266:
3236:
3231:
3198:
3184:
3007:
2976:
2967:Vasant Panchami
2901:Pahela Baishakh
2883:Makar Sankranti
2802:
2737:
2644:
2560:
2463:
2353:
2334:Abhirami Antati
2304:Kamba Ramayanam
2265:
2151:
2108:
2071:
1993:
1967:
1930:
1900:
1887:
1871:Vishishtadvaita
1808:
1668:
1647:
1631:
1562:
1549:
1547:
1538:
1535:
1533:Further reading
1506:/ 0-87727-773-7
1474:
1469:
1468:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1431:
1427:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1379:
1375:
1360:
1356:
1346:
1344:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1300:
1296:
1261:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1197:
1193:
1166:
1162:
1135:
1131:
1121:
1119:
1109:
1105:
1095:
1093:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1040:
1036:
1026:
1024:
1009:
1005:
995:
993:
975:
971:
961:
959:
951:
950:
946:
936:
934:
926:
925:
921:
911:
909:
900:
899:
895:
885:
883:
875:
874:
870:
827:
823:
813:
811:
802:
801:
797:
788:
787:
783:
772:
768:
759:
758:
754:
744:
742:
736:"Lembah Bujang"
734:
733:
729:
720:
718:
716:
690:
686:
677:
676:
672:
662:
660:
652:
651:
644:
631:
630:
626:
616:
614:
604:
600:
587:
583:
576:
560:
556:
549:
533:
529:
519:
517:
507:
503:
493:
491:
482:
481:
477:
442:
435:
430:
388:
361:
359:UNESCO proposal
315:
215:
203:National Museum
158:
131:
103:Indian cultural
17:
12:
11:
5:
8255:
8245:
8244:
8239:
8190:
8189:
8187:
8186:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8165:
8163:
8159:
8158:
8156:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8140:
8135:
8130:
8124:
8122:
8118:
8117:
8115:
8114:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8078:
8076:
8072:
8071:
8069:
8068:
8062:
8060:
8056:
8055:
8053:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8037:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8016:
8014:
8010:
8009:
8007:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7981:
7976:
7970:
7968:
7964:
7963:
7961:
7960:
7955:
7949:
7947:
7943:
7942:
7940:
7939:
7934:
7928:
7926:
7922:
7921:
7919:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7772:
7770:
7766:
7765:
7763:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7750:Chimney Museum
7746:
7744:
7740:
7739:
7737:
7736:
7734:Telekom Museum
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7690:
7688:
7684:
7683:
7681:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7664:
7662:
7658:
7657:
7655:
7654:
7648:
7646:
7642:
7641:
7639:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7592:
7590:
7586:
7585:
7578:
7577:
7570:
7563:
7555:
7546:
7545:
7542:
7541:
7538:
7537:
7535:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7497:Merdeka Square
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7457:Batu Lawi Hill
7454:
7448:
7446:
7440:
7439:
7437:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7305:
7303:
7297:
7296:
7293:
7292:
7290:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7208:
7206:
7200:
7199:
7197:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7115:
7113:
7107:
7106:
7104:
7103:
7098:
7096:Labuan Chimney
7092:
7090:
7081:
7073:
7072:
7060:
7059:
7056:
7055:
7052:
7051:
7049:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6951:Bukit Melawati
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6927:
6925:
6919:
6918:
6916:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6799:
6797:
6791:
6790:
6787:
6786:
6784:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6752:
6750:
6744:
6743:
6741:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6689:
6687:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6671:
6669:
6663:
6662:
6660:
6659:
6657:Ubudiah Mosque
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6598:
6596:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6395:
6393:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6367:
6365:
6359:
6358:
6356:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6339:
6337:
6331:
6330:
6328:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6216:
6214:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6137:Hotel Majestic
6134:
6129:
6124:
6118:
6116:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6090:
6088:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6057:
6055:
6049:
6048:
6046:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5979:
5977:
5968:
5960:
5959:
5947:
5946:
5938:
5937:
5930:
5923:
5915:
5906:
5905:
5903:
5902:
5890:
5879:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5836:
5834:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5773:
5772:
5767:
5757:
5751:
5749:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5739:
5738:
5737:
5732:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5666:
5664:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5643:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5591:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5549:
5548:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5522:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5460:
5459:
5457:Greco-Buddhist
5449:
5448:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5408:Burmese pagoda
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5364:
5362:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5266:
5264:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5198:
5197:
5190:Greco-Buddhism
5187:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5149:
5147:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5136:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5123:United Kingdom
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5068:Czech Republic
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5035:
5034:
5033:
5028:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5006:
5005:
5004:
4999:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4958:
4957:
4947:
4942:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4846:
4844:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4834:
4832:Abhidharmadīpa
4829:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4774:
4772:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4750:B. R. Ambedkar
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4670:Songtsen Gampo
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4601:
4599:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4584:
4583:
4582:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4546:
4545:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4474:
4472:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4414:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4349:Eight precepts
4346:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4228:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4137:
4127:
4122:
4120:Five Strengths
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4060:
4055:
4049:
4047:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3915:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3861:
3855:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3759:Mental factors
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3611:MahamoggallÄna
3608:
3603:
3598:
3592:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3526:AvalokiteÅvara
3522:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3490:
3482:
3474:
3466:
3458:
3450:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3327:
3321:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3265:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3242:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3219:
3209:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3101:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3021:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2833:
2831:Raksha Bandhan
2828:
2823:
2818:
2812:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2654:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2581:
2579:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2473:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2376:
2374:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2275:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2172:
2167:
2161:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2118:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2085:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2042:Shvetashvatara
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2017:Brihadaranyaka
2014:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1914:Classification
1908:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1818:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1687:
1685:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1630:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1561:
1560:External links
1558:
1557:
1556:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1507:
1492:
1485:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1444:
1425:
1399:
1373:
1354:
1329:
1310:(49): 95ā101.
1294:
1255:
1229:
1204:
1191:
1180:(1): 159ā180.
1160:
1149:(1): 139ā175.
1129:
1103:
1073:
1052:10.2307/621273
1034:
1003:
969:
944:
919:
893:
868:
841:(2): 355ā389.
821:
795:
781:
766:
752:
727:
714:
684:
670:
642:
624:
598:
581:
574:
554:
547:
527:
501:
475:
456:(2): 355ā389.
432:
431:
429:
426:
425:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
387:
384:
360:
357:
343:ye-dharma hetu
335:Quaritch Wales
314:
311:
214:
211:
157:
154:
130:
127:
113:, in southern
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8254:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8234:
8232:
8225:
8222:
8185:
8182:
8180:
8177:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8166:
8164:
8160:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8136:
8134:
8131:
8129:
8126:
8125:
8123:
8119:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8079:
8077:
8073:
8067:
8064:
8063:
8061:
8057:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8020:Beruas Museum
8018:
8017:
8015:
8011:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7984:Camera Museum
7982:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7971:
7969:
7965:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7950:
7948:
7944:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7932:Custom Museum
7930:
7929:
7927:
7923:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7801:Chitty Museum
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7791:Beauty Museum
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7773:
7771:
7767:
7761:
7760:Labuan Museum
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7747:
7745:
7741:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7691:
7689:
7685:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7665:
7663:
7659:
7653:
7650:
7649:
7647:
7643:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7601:Figure Museum
7599:
7597:
7594:
7593:
7591:
7587:
7583:
7576:
7571:
7569:
7564:
7562:
7557:
7556:
7553:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7522:Sandakan camp
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7449:
7447:
7445:
7441:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7306:
7304:
7302:and monuments
7298:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7209:
7207:
7205:
7201:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7116:
7114:
7112:
7108:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7093:
7091:
7089:
7085:
7082:
7078:
7074:
7070:
7069:East Malaysia
7065:
7061:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7021:Princess Hill
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6976:Fort of Ruins
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6946:Bujang Valley
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6928:
6926:
6924:
6920:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6853:Kris Monument
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6800:
6798:
6796:and monuments
6792:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6771:Istana Maziah
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6756:Abidin Mosque
6754:
6753:
6751:
6749:
6745:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6708:Istana Bandar
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6690:
6688:
6686:
6682:
6676:
6673:
6672:
6670:
6668:
6664:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6595:
6591:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6579:Wat Buppharam
6577:
6575:
6574:Suffolk House
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6392:
6388:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6364:
6360:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6340:
6338:
6336:
6332:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6225:Christ Church
6223:
6221:
6218:
6217:
6215:
6213:
6209:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6119:
6117:
6115:
6111:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6091:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6054:
6050:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5976:
5972:
5969:
5965:
5961:
5957:
5956:West Malaysia
5952:
5948:
5944:
5936:
5931:
5929:
5924:
5922:
5917:
5916:
5913:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5889:
5881:
5880:
5877:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5833:
5829:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5748:
5744:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5663:
5662:Miscellaneous
5659:
5653:
5652:Vegetarianism
5650:
5648:
5645:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5474:Buddha in art
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5450:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5357:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5263:
5259:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5196:
5193:
5192:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5179:
5176:
5175:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5146:
5142:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5128:United States
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5039:
5036:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5007:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4955:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4839:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4685:Padmasambhava
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4598:
4597:Major figures
4594:
4588:
4585:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4544:
4543:Western tulku
4541:
4540:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4401:
4398:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4386:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4364:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4344:Five precepts
4342:
4341:
4340:
4337:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4322:Dhamma vicaya
4320:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4090:BuddhÄbhiį¹£eka
4088:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3902:
3899:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3842:
3839:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3734:Enlightenment
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3724:Dhamma theory
3722:
3720:
3719:Buddha-nature
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3558:Samantabhadra
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3497:
3491:
3489:
3483:
3481:
3475:
3473:
3467:
3465:
3459:
3457:
3451:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3263:
3258:
3256:
3251:
3249:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3228:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3208:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3187:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3168:Hindu temples
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3072:Hindu studies
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3042:Denominations
3040:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2851:Vijayadashami
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2668:Simantonayana
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2255:
2254:Yoga Vasistha
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2165:Bhagavad Gita
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2104:Sthapatyaveda
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1628:
1623:
1621:
1616:
1614:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1572:Bujang Valley
1568:
1564:
1563:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1528:
1527:0-8014-0595-5
1524:
1520:
1519:0-8014-0595-5
1516:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1388:
1384:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1358:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1298:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1259:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1201:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1133:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1046:(21): 61ā78.
1045:
1038:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1007:
992:
988:
984:
980:
973:
958:
954:
948:
933:
929:
923:
908:. 6 July 2015
907:
903:
897:
882:
878:
872:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
825:
809:
805:
799:
791:
785:
777:
774:Murad, Dina.
770:
762:
756:
741:
737:
731:
717:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
688:
680:
674:
659:
655:
649:
647:
638:
634:
628:
613:
609:
602:
594:
593:
592:Bujang Valley
585:
577:
571:
567:
566:
558:
550:
544:
540:
539:
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32:
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8194:
8102:Sabah Museum
8040:Perak Museum
7724:Royal Museum
7687:Kuala Lumpur
7652:Paddy Museum
7596:Bugis Museum
7502:Nunuk Ragang
7267:Square Tower
6961:Chinese Hill
6945:
6738:Wat Chetawan
6549:Seri Teratai
6544:Snake Temple
6534:Seri Mutiara
6142:Masjid Jamek
6114:Kuala Lumpur
6099:Istana Jahar
6066:Zahir Mosque
5998:Istana Besar
5840:Bodhisattvas
5760:Christianity
5755:BahĆ”Ź¼Ć Faith
5620:Dharmachakra
5610:Prayer wheel
5600:Prayer beads
5368:Architecture
5247:969 Movement
5031:Saudi Arabia
5009:Central Asia
5002:South Africa
4824:
4807:
4740:Panchen Lama
4645:BuddhapÄlita
4241:Satipatthana
4236:Mindful Yoga
4149:Recollection
4063:Brahmavihara
3934:Japanese Zen
3929:Chinese Chan
3889:Animal realm
3696:Key concepts
3518:Bodhisattvas
3330:Three Jewels
3178:Architecture
2781:Brahmacharya
2723:Samavartanam
2688:Annaprashana
2554:
2457:
2258:
2212:DharmaÅÄstra
2202:Arthashastra
2037:Maitrayaniya
1869:
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1777:Brahmacharya
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1461:the original
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8204:100Ā°24ā²50ā³E
7958:Time Tunnel
7826:Kite Museum
7611:Kite Museum
7237:Fort Sylvia
6675:Alwi Mosque
6479:Khoo Kongsi
6094:Istana Batu
5685:Dharma talk
5514:Asalha Puja
5310:Eschatology
5113:Switzerland
5093:New Zealand
5021:Middle East
4930:Philippines
4850:Afghanistan
4655:Bodhidharma
4640:Buddhaghosa
4560:Householder
4470:Monasticism
4423:Bodhisattva
4278:Prostration
4231:Mindfulness
4159:Anapanasati
4142:Kammaį¹į¹hÄna
3939:Korean Seon
3879:Asura realm
3874:Human realm
3814:Ten Fetters
3769:Parinirvana
3671:Uppalavanna
3636:MahÄkaccana
3621:MahÄkassapa
3553:Kį¹£itigarbha
3548:ÄkÄÅagarbha
3445:SuddhodÄna
3390:Four sights
3317:Foundations
3227:WikiProject
3099:Persecution
3087:Nationalism
3077:Iconography
2957:Ratha Yatra
2868:Janmashtami
2863:Rama Navami
2791:Vanaprastha
2742:Varnashrama
2718:Ritushuddhi
2703:Vidyarambha
2693:Chudakarana
2683:Nishkramana
2658:Garbhadhana
2299:Thirukkural
2294:Thiruppugal
2222:NÄradasmį¹ti
2185:Mahabharata
1963:Atharvaveda
1841:Vaisheshika
1728:Puruį¹£Ärthas
996:25 November
814:28 February
422:Sungai Batu
346:formula in
287:South India
225:, Malaysia.
121:in western
109:in eastern
63:Mount Jerai
27:Bodhisattva
8231:Categories
7916:Toy Museum
7626:KTM Museum
7532:Skull Hill
7492:Madai Cave
7272:The Astana
7222:Fort Alice
6931:Batu Caves
6748:Terengganu
6617:Dutch Fort
6474:Kek Lok Si
6167:Pasar Seni
5802:Psychology
5782:Gnosticism
5770:Comparison
5765:Influences
5747:Comparison
5630:Bhavacakra
5588:Kushinagar
5563:Pilgrimage
5509:MÄgha PÅ«jÄ
5464:Bodhi Tree
5280:Buddhology
5270:Abhidharma
5262:Philosophy
5195:Menander I
5063:Costa Rica
5014:Uzbekistan
4855:Bangladesh
4809:Dhammapada
4793:Pali Canon
4755:Ajahn Chah
4735:Dalai Lama
4635:KumÄrajÄ«va
4630:Vasubandhu
4605:The Buddha
4513:Zen master
4448:Sakadagami
4428:Buddhahood
4359:Pratimokį¹£a
4174:Shikantaza
4130:Meditation
4105:Deity yoga
3976:Madhyamaka
3869:Deva realm
3764:Mindstream
3714:Bodhicitta
3626:Aį¹
gulimÄla
3493:Devadatta
3469:YaÅodharÄ
3372:The Buddha
3362:Middle Way
2928:Kumbh Mela
2896:Gudi Padwa
2841:Durga Puja
2826:Shivaratri
2698:Karnavedha
2678:Namakarana
2640:Tirthatana
2407:Dattatreya
2244:Subhashita
2217:Manusmriti
2094:Dhanurveda
2027:Taittiriya
2012:Kaushitaki
1999:Upanishads
1772:Aparigraha
1674:Philosophy
1392:20 January
1347:20 January
1248:20 January
1222:20 January
1122:20 January
1017:NST Online
962:20 January
937:20 January
912:20 January
906:www.ukm.my
886:20 January
745:20 January
721:20 January
679:"Bhujanga"
663:20 January
617:20 January
428:References
392:Langkasuka
278:(lord) of
67:Muda River
31:terracotta
29:carved in
8201:5Ā°44ā²16ā³N
7300:Memorials
7227:Fort Hose
7080:Buildings
6794:Memorials
6285:Stadthuys
5967:Buildings
5870:Festivals
5850:Buddhists
5812:Theosophy
5615:Symbolism
5605:Hama yumi
5578:Bodh Gaya
5345:Socialism
5320:Evolution
5295:Economics
5133:Venezuela
5048:Australia
5043:Argentina
4967:Sri Lanka
4962:Singapore
4880:Indonesia
4842:Countries
4783:Tripiį¹aka
4745:Ajahn Mun
4620:Nagarjuna
4615:AÅvaghoį¹£a
4498:AnagÄrika
4493:ÅrÄmaį¹erÄ«
4488:ÅrÄmaį¹era
4483:Bhikkhunī
4443:SotÄpanna
4332:Passaddhi
4273:Offerings
4248:Nekkhamma
4125:Iddhipada
4045:Practices
4015:Theravada
3988:Vajrayana
3981:Yogachara
3951:Pure Land
3864:Six Paths
3851:Cosmology
3631:Anuruddha
3606:SÄriputta
3596:Kaundinya
3588:Disciples
3563:VajrapÄį¹i
3415:Footprint
3380:TathÄgata
3151:Theosophy
3082:Mythology
3062:Criticism
3030:Etymology
2988:SvÄdhyÄya
2887:New Year
2836:Navaratri
2808:Festivals
2786:Grihastha
2759:Kshatriya
2733:Antyeshti
2708:Upanayana
2673:Jatakarma
2663:Pumsavana
2650:Sanskaras
2615:Naivedhya
2569:Practices
2514:Mahavidya
2482:Saraswati
2469:Goddesses
2427:Kartikeya
2324:Athichudi
2279:Tirumurai
2132:VyÄkaraį¹a
2099:Natyaveda
2047:Chandogya
1972:Divisions
1953:Yajurveda
1366:. Paris:
1316:2304-7534
1281:0126-7353
1068:188062111
991:0971-751X
983:The Hindu
863:165881443
855:1356-1863
470:1356-1863
374:into the
307:Majapahit
303:Srivijaya
280:Srivijaya
262:Palembang
186:Old Kedah
146:bhujangga
144:the term
129:Etymology
25:A seated
8162:Selangor
7661:Kelantan
6991:Lenggong
6813:Cenotaph
6685:Selangor
6086:Kelantan
5943:Malaysia
5888:Category
5817:Violence
5787:Hinduism
5735:Sanskrit
5690:Hinayana
5675:AmitÄbha
5635:Swastika
5504:Uposatha
5494:Holidays
5479:Calendar
5325:Humanism
5163:Kanishka
5153:Timeline
4977:Thailand
4945:Kalmykia
4940:Buryatia
4925:Pakistan
4910:Mongolia
4905:Maldives
4900:Malaysia
4865:Cambodia
4730:Shamarpa
4725:Nichiren
4675:Xuanzang
4610:Nagasena
4528:Rinpoche
4258:PÄramitÄ
4100:Devotion
4020:Navayana
4008:Dzogchen
3971:Nichiren
3919:Mahayana
3911:Branches
3789:Saį¹
khÄra
3538:MaƱjuÅrÄ«
3495:(cousin)
3487:(cousin)
3455:(mother)
3447:(father)
3435:Miracles
3385:Birthday
3302:Glossary
3275:Buddhism
3207:Category
3158:Glossary
3126:Buddhism
3092:Hindutva
3052:Calendar
2933:Haridwar
2911:Vaisakhi
2906:Puthandu
2796:Sannyasa
2713:Keshanta
2544:Shashthi
2380:Trimurti
2207:Nitisara
2180:Ramayana
2175:Itihasas
2147:Jyotisha
2089:Ayurveda
2081:Upavedas
2062:Mandukya
2007:Aitareya
1989:Aranyaka
1984:Brahmana
1958:Samaveda
1883:Charvaka
1683:Concepts
1664:Timeline
1656:Glossary
1639:Hinduism
1420:Archived
1324:41561175
1289:41492012
1143:Archipel
1117:infid.be
1090:Archived
1021:Archived
386:See also
372:Malaysia
327:Buddhist
258:Sulawesi
164:Head of
142:Sanskrit
135:Buddhist
100:Buddhist
71:Malaysia
8121:Sarawak
7769:Malacca
7204:Sarawak
6212:Malacca
5865:Temples
5845:Buddhas
5807:Science
5797:Judaism
5792:Jainism
5710:Lineage
5670:AbhijƱÄ
5640:Thangka
5583:Sarnath
5568:Lumbini
5489:Funeral
5484:Cuisine
5360:Culture
5335:Reality
5285:Creator
5275:Atomism
5145:History
5118:Ukraine
5078:Germany
4997:Senegal
4987:Vietnam
4915:Myanmar
4715:Shinran
4705:Karmapa
4680:Shandao
4650:DignÄga
4575:ÅrÄvaka
4555:Donchee
4550:Kappiya
4508:Sayadaw
4478:Bhikkhu
4453:AnÄgÄmi
4410:Nirvana
4376:Samadhi
4263:Paritta
4204:Tonglen
4199:Mandala
4154:Smarana
4135:Mantras
4083:Upekkha
4053:Bhavana
4003:Shingon
3956:Tiantai
3809:TathÄtÄ
3799:ÅÅ«nyatÄ
3794:Skandha
3784:Saį¹sÄra
3779:Rebirth
3754:Kleshas
3744:Indriya
3646:Subhūti
3531:Guanyin
3485:Änanda
3477:RÄhula
3357:Nirvana
3297:Outline
3196:Outline
3146:Sikhism
3141:Judaism
3136:Jainism
3017:Related
2993:Namaste
2846:Ramlila
2776:Ashrama
2764:Vaishya
2754:Brahmin
2577:Worship
2529:Rukmini
2519:Matrika
2492:Parvati
2487:Lakshmi
2477:Tridevi
2432:Krishna
2417:Hanuman
2412:Ganesha
2363:Deities
2249:Tantras
2239:Stotras
2192:Puranas
2137:Nirukta
2127:Chandas
2122:Shiksha
2114:Vedanga
2067:Prashna
2057:Mundaka
1979:Samhita
1948:Rigveda
1879:NÄstika
1864:Advaita
1851:Vedanta
1846:MÄ«mÄį¹sÄ
1826:Samkhya
1814:Schools
1802:Akrodha
1721:Saį¹sÄra
1701:Ishvara
1691:Brahman
1550:19 July
1472:Sources
1415:YouTube
348:Pallava
270:Pallava
213:History
115:Celebes
8059:Perlis
7967:Penang
7946:Pahang
7743:Labuan
7088:Labuan
6667:Perlis
6391:Penang
6363:Pahang
5860:Sutras
5855:Suttas
5720:Siddhi
5705:Koliya
5680:BrahmÄ
5595:Poetry
5541:Mantra
5531:Kasaya
5403:Pagoda
5383:Kyaung
5378:VihÄra
5373:Temple
5315:Ethics
5158:Ashoka
5108:Sweden
5103:Poland
5098:Norway
5088:Mexico
5073:France
5058:Canada
5053:Brazil
4992:Africa
4972:Taiwan
4935:Russia
4860:Bhutan
4820:Vinaya
4700:Naropa
4690:Saraha
4625:Asanga
4381:PrajƱÄ
4290:Refuge
4253:Nianfo
4214:Tertƶn
4209:Tantra
4194:Ganana
4184:Tukdam
4110:DhyÄna
4078:Mudita
4073:Karuį¹Ä
3966:Risshū
3961:Huayan
3894:Naraka
3834:AnattÄ
3829:Dukkha
3824:Anicca
3729:Dharma
3681:Channa
3616:Änanda
3601:Assaji
3568:Skanda
3471:(wife)
3440:Family
3420:Relics
3345:Sangha
3340:Dharma
3335:Buddha
3217:Portal
3121:BahĆ”Ź¼Ć
3025:Hindus
3003:Tilaka
2972:Others
2948:Ujjain
2943:Prayag
2938:Nashik
2878:Pongal
2816:Diwali
2769:Shudra
2728:Vivaha
2635:DhyÄna
2610:Bhajan
2600:Bhakti
2585:Temple
2539:Shakti
2447:Varuna
2390:Vishnu
2385:Brahma
2234:Sutras
2170:Agamas
1926:Smriti
1857:Dvaita
1822:Ästika
1767:Asteya
1762:Ahimsa
1748:Moksha
1733:Dharma
1646:topics
1525:
1517:
1502:
1481:
1368:UNESCO
1322:
1314:
1287:
1279:
1096:10 May
1066:
1060:621273
1058:
1027:20 May
989:
861:
853:
712:
572:
545:
520:5 July
494:5 July
468:
397:Chi Tu
376:UNESCO
364:UNESCO
150:bujang
138:polity
111:Borneo
86:. The
84:Merbok
55:Merbok
8075:Sabah
8013:Perak
7645:Kedah
7589:Johor
7111:Sabah
7011:Morib
6594:Perak
6053:Kedah
5975:Johor
5832:Lists
5700:Kalpa
5695:Iddhi
5558:Music
5553:Mudra
5519:Vassa
5499:Vesak
5469:Budai
5415:Candi
5398:Stupa
5330:Logic
5083:Italy
4982:Tibet
4920:Nepal
4890:Korea
4885:Japan
4875:India
4870:China
4815:Sutra
4770:Texts
4720:DÅgen
4710:HÅnen
4695:AtiÅa
4660:Zhiyi
4570:Achar
4538:Tulku
4533:Geshe
4518:RÅshi
4503:Ajahn
4458:Arhat
4418:Bodhi
4388:VÄ«rya
4305:Sacca
4300:Satya
4295:SÄdhu
4283:Music
4226:Merit
4219:Terma
4179:Zazen
4115:Faith
4068:MettÄ
3749:Karma
3709:Bardo
3676:Asita
3666:Khema
3656:UpÄli
3641:Nanda
3479:(son)
3453:MÄyÄ
3430:Films
3307:Index
3131:Islam
3109:India
2998:Bindi
2981:Other
2921:Ugadi
2916:Vishu
2749:Varna
2630:Tapas
2620:Yajna
2590:Murti
2524:Radha
2504:Durga
2499:Bhumi
2442:Surya
2422:Indra
2395:Shiva
2157:Other
2142:Kalpa
2032:Katha
1936:Vedas
1921:Åruti
1906:Texts
1836:Nyaya
1792:Damah
1782:Satya
1738:Artha
1716:Karma
1706:Atman
1660:Index
1320:JSTOR
1285:JSTOR
1064:S2CID
1056:JSTOR
859:S2CID
331:Hindu
299:Funan
249:Funan
242:China
238:India
223:Kedah
166:Nandi
107:Kutai
96:Hindu
79:candi
59:Kedah
43:Malay
7444:Site
6923:Site
5730:PÄįø·i
5715:MÄra
5625:Flag
5026:Iran
4950:Tuva
4895:Laos
4523:Lama
4371:ÅÄ«la
4339:ÅÄ«la
4327:PÄ«ti
4317:Sati
4268:Puja
4189:Koan
4095:DÄna
3686:Yasa
3573:TÄrÄ
3173:List
3035:List
2962:Teej
2891:Bihu
2873:Onam
2821:Holi
2625:Homa
2605:Japa
2595:Puja
2555:more
2549:Sita
2534:Sati
2509:Kali
2458:more
2452:Vayu
2437:Rama
2402:Agni
2372:Gods
2052:Kena
2022:Isha
1831:Yoga
1797:DayÄ
1787:DÄna
1757:Niti
1743:Kama
1711:Maya
1552:2022
1523:ISBN
1515:ISBN
1500:ISBN
1479:ISBN
1394:2021
1349:2021
1312:ISSN
1277:ISSN
1250:2021
1224:2021
1124:2021
1098:2020
1029:2017
998:2015
987:ISSN
964:2015
939:2021
914:2021
888:2021
851:ISSN
816:2014
747:2021
723:2021
710:ISBN
665:2021
619:2021
570:ISBN
543:ISBN
522:2024
496:2024
466:ISSN
329:and
305:and
240:and
197:and
123:Java
37:The
5452:Art
5388:Wat
3924:Zen
3047:Law
1182:doi
1151:doi
1048:doi
843:doi
702:doi
515:CNA
458:doi
117:or
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4954:ru
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1824::
1696:Om
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