1136:(Council of Europe) has published its report on its 2007 visit to Estonia, stating that many of the persons detained by the police in connection with the April 2007 events in Tallinn were not granted all the fundamental safeguards (the right of those concerned to inform a close relative or another third party of their choice of their situation, the right of access to a lawyer, and the right of access to a doctor) from the outset of their detention: while many of the persons concerned were allowed to contact someone and to be assisted by a lawyer only when brought before a judge, a number of detained persons claimed that their requests to see a doctor whilst in police custody had been denied, even when they displayed visible injuries.
730:
31:
689:
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people had been arrested. 57 people were injured, including 14 police officers. Dmitry Ganin (a permanent resident of
Estonia who had Russian citizenship) died in hospital from a stab wound. Estonian press alleged that wounds were likely inflicted by a vandal. As per September 2007, 13 mostly Estonian-speaking persons had been arrested by Estonian police on suspicion of beating but not stabbing of Dmitri Ganin; all had been subsequently released pending the end of the investigation. As of September 4, 2007, no charges had been laid. According to police report, goods stolen from some of the vandalised stores were found in pockets of Mr. Ganin.
942:
380:
879:, who was one of the Estonian politicians to meet the Russian delegation, expressed his regret that the Russians had come with prejudices and had intervened in Estonia's internal affairs (e.g. by calling for Estonia's government to resign). Later in the day, the reappearance of the bronze soldier threw the Duma's fact finding mission off-course, with delegation leader Kovalyov saying that he had not been invited by the Estonian authorities to the ceremony at the military cemetery.
782:) with a Russian majority, were also reported. Estonian sources attributed the disruptions to youths consuming stolen alcohol. In all, some 1000 people were detained in two nights of rioting. 156 were injured, including some two dozen police officers, and numerous stores, offices and homes were damaged. As there had been too many arrests for the normal pre-trial detention centers, many suspects were taken to a hastily set up holding area in the
604:
unilateral protection to war graves not covered by mutual international protection treaties. Most 20th-century battles on
Estonian soil having been fought by Soviet (largely ethnically-Russian), German, Estonian armies and a formation of the Finnish volunteers under Estonian command, almost all war graves in Estonia not covered by mutual treaties or earlier domestic laws are those of the
1114:
committee noted that it was "concerned at information that no prosecutions resulted from official applications to the
Chancellor of Justice or the Public Prosecutor’s Office in relation to allegations of brutality and excessive use of force by law enforcement personnel during the events which took place in Tallinn in April 2007" (Para. 11).
717:
the æsthetic qualities of the site on reopening, as the stone structure's weight required a new foundation to be constructed out of concrete. This work began on May 23 and was estimated to be completed by the end of June. For the time of the construction work, the statue was temporarily moved to a nearby location on the cemetery.
898:(a common symbol of remembrance of the dead in both Estonian and Northern Russian cultures) in front of the bronze soldier. The delegation members also closely examined the figure and claimed that it had been cut in pieces and reassembled. The Ministry of Defence denied those claims. "The lines on the statue are because of
680:, in Russia special services encouraged media to discuss the Bronze Soldier often and in a particularly emotional way, as a way of influencing political opinion. Among other activities, this translated into opposing and denouncing of high-level Russian politicians who supported civilised relocation of the Bronze Soldier.
418:, the lawful government of Estonia in 1940 was overthrown and Soviet rule was imposed by force. The government of the Soviet Union conducted large-scale and systematic actions against the Estonian population. Elections were organized in which only Soviet-supported candidates were permitted to run. As reported by
762:
By 2 a.m., things had calmed down a little; over 100 people had been arrested. At about 2:30 a.m., reports came in that mass riots had ended and now the police were only looking for fugitives. The last of the violent protesters were apparently taken away by a large passenger bus. By morning 300
758:
to disperse the crowd. However, the crowd did not disperse and started committing acts of vandalism and rampant looting of nearby shops and buildings. By midnight the riots had spread around the centre of
Tallinn, with massive damage to property—a total number of 99 cases of vandalism, including cars
716:
The government stated that the statue would be re-erected as soon as possible in a military cemetery maintained by the
Estonian Defence Forces. As of the afternoon of April 30 the statue—without the stone structure—had been re-erected. Reassembling the stone structure was delayed out of concerns over
578:
In observance and acknowledgement of the obligation of the
Republic of Estonia to guarantee the protection, respect and dignified treatment of the remains of persons who have died in acts of war conducted on the territory of Estonia; finding that the burying of persons who have died in acts of war to
1113:
has considered
Estonia's report and expressed concern over "allegations of brutality and excessive use of force by law enforcement personnel, especially with regard to the disturbances that occurred in Tallinn in April 2007, well documented by a detailed compilation of complaints". In 2013, the same
952:
hill (the former site of the monument and of the now-empty burial site) being city property, the government's position is that it is the responsibility of
Tallinn municipal government to decide what to do next with it. On May 9, it was reported that, as agreed with the City Park Office, the Ministry
932:
The two-day visit by the
Russian fact finding delegation was ostensibly set up to defuse a diplomatic dispute over the Bronze Soldier statue, but it only appeared to have escalated the feud. After the initial developments during the delegation's visit, Foreign Minister Urmas Paet cancelled a meeting
583:
of August 12, 1949, and relating to the
Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol 1) adopted on June 8, 1977, according to which the Estonian state is obliged to guarantee the respect of the remains and gravesites of persons who have died due to acts of war in the territory of
270:
by the USSR and The Republic of Estonia. Forms of aggression were defined: "A naval blockade of coasts or ports of another State; Invasion by armed forces of the territory of another State even without a declaration of war." On September 24, 1939, warships of the Red Navy appeared off Estonian ports
1019:
of the Russian embassy, Aleksandr Trojan, was reported as observing the event from the crowd. The Russian ambassador to Estonia, Nikolay Uspensky, declined invitation to attend, as an expression of Russia's highest-level disapproval of "demounting the monument, the exhumation, and the accompanying
708:
spread rumours that the monument removal procedure had started. After a few hours, around 1000 people, mostly Russian-speaking, had surrounded the police cordon and some from the group attempted to break through it. Several meetings in protest of the removal were held. Around dusk, the mob turned
548:
On April 24, 2007, in explaining the necessity for thorough investigation of the burials, Estonian PM Andrus Ansip related a number of urban legends (grave holds remains of executed looters or drunk Red Army soldiers run over by Red Army tank). The Russian press sensationalized Ansip's comments in
1100:
In 2009, The Estonian government passed the law nicknamed "Bronze Night law", that reinforces the penalties and improves and refines the laws relating to the distribution of national secrets, actions against the state, actions of promoting against the state and encourage or participate in riots.
603:
but not with Russia, giving special status to many war graves in Estonia but not the one on Tõnismägi. The War Graves Protection Act's major result was to codify the international customs and practices regarding the handling of war graves (see above) into country-unspecific terms, and to extend
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who died in Tallinn in 1944, filed suit against the government demanding that the Bronze Soldier be returned to its original location near the National Library as a grave marker. However, both the trial court and the appellate court found that since there is no evidence of Syssoyev having been
712:
In the early morning of April 27, 2007, the Estonian government held an emergency meeting and at 3:40 a.m. local time, decided, upon advice from the Estonian Security Council, to relocate the monument immediately (as "the ground for violent acts"). Three hours later, by 6:40 a.m., the
619:
has a large Russian representation and any approval was unlikely in the foreseeable future. The law eliminated the need to negotiate with the municipal government for war grave related business—specifically, exhumation of the buried bodies and, if the corpses would be found, relocation of the
226:
in 1944. During the riots, one ethnic Russian protestor was fatally stabbed. In the early morning hours of April 27, 2007, after the first night's rioting, the Government of Estonia decided, at an emergency meeting, to relocate the monument immediately, referring to security concerns. By the
662:
and performed by Turu-uuringute AS from April 5 through April 22, 2007, 37% of respondents supported relocation of the monument, while 49% were against relocation and 14% had not formed any opinion on the subject. Relocation of the monument had slightly stronger support from native Estonian
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An ecumenical religious ceremony (prayer for the dead) was held on April 28 before commencing the exhumation, by two chaplains, a Lutheran and an Orthodox. The Russian ambassador, having been invited to monitor the exhumation, or appoint an observer, officially declined the invitation.
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of Defence was planting an enormous flower garden on the site, as a part of the post-exhumation restoration work mandated by the War Graves Act. On June 8, 2007, the Ministry of Defence announced a plan to replace the flowerbed with a permanent park complete with small trees.
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Eight of the exhumed remains—those unclaimed so far—were reburied at the military cemetery, next to the relocated monument, on July 3, 2007, in presence of the Estonian minister of defence, other officials, and dozens of diplomats, as well as various press representatives. A
704:" (also sometimes translated as Night Vigil) who were monitoring the situation declined to leave the area and locked themselves in their car. The police had to break a side window of the car to extract them forcibly, causing slight shard wounds to one. Having been removed,
507:
A non-violent confrontation at the monument site took place on May 9, 2006, when a group of Estonians approached the celebrating Red Army veterans. To preserve public order and out of security concerns, the police helped the group to leave the area, along with their
615:. Tõnismägi being city land, municipal cooperation would have been necessary for exhumation and/or monument removal without such legislation. As non-citizen residents can vote in Estonian municipal elections and were largely in support of retaining the statue, the
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was extinguished shortly after the Estonian redeclaration of independence. In 1994 the memorial underwent a reconstruction. Following the reopening, the bronze headstones on the stone background and the protective barrier surrounding the memorial were removed.
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started circulating in Russian language Internet forums. The declaration called for "all Russian men living in Estonia" to take up arms. It demanded that Estonian citizenship be granted to all Estonian residents by May 3, threatening to start an
794:
Calm was restored throughout the day and night of April 28 without further major incidents, but police launched a campaign to take on "police assistance" volunteers, and by Sunday evening more than 700 persons had signed up and started training.
246:
a day later, on May 9.) During June 2007, the stone structure was rebuilt. Relatives have made claims to bodies of four of the war dead. Unclaimed remains were reburied at the military cemetery, next to the relocated monument, on July 3, 2007.
917:. For nine days, protestors in Moscow had disturbed the peace of the embassy, prevented staff and visitors from entering or leaving the embassy, and physically attacked the embassy and the ambassador. Paet had spoken to his German counterpart
368:
The mass deportations of ethnic Estonians during the Soviet era together with migration into Estonia from other parts of the Soviet Union had resulted in the share of ethnic Estonians in the country decreasing from 88% in 1934 to 62% in 1989.
330:
were reused by the Red Army. The monument for Estonia's independence was destroyed by the Soviet authorities. Only the graves of two Estonian generals and 15 British servicemen from the era were saved by making the ground a maintenance area.
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with the delegation, issuing a statement saying: "I will not meet with a delegation that spreads only lies regarding events in Estonia and whose objective is not the accurate portrayal of the situation, but rather election campaigning".
4430:"Report to the Estonian Government on the visit to Estonia carried out by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) from 9 to 18 May 2007 CPT/Inf (2011) 15 — § 18, 31"
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said he would blow up the monument unless the authorities removed it promptly. In the same month, the tensions rose again and the police kept a 24-hour patrol in place, cordoning off the area until early September 2006.
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1959:Комментарий Департамента информации и печати МИД России в связи с высказываниями ряда европейских политиков относительно "оккупации" стран Балтии Советским Союзом и необходимости осуждения этого со стороны России
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on April 25, when preparations for relocation had already begun, 85.12% of online readers taking part in the poll voiced their support for the relocation, 12.98% opposed it and the remaining were uncertain.
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Scientific studies about the historical background of the monument, compiled into a "Historical statement", by Peeter Kaasik, for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia, 2006. (Translation into English)
3013:
696:
Estonian Police cordoned off the square and nearby streets in the early morning of April 26, 2007, in preparation for archaeological excavations in search of the remains and, if found, their relocation.
411:, Estonia remained occupied by the Soviet Union until restoration of its independence in 1991; the 48 years of Soviet occupation and annexation were never recognized as legal by the Western democracies.
1094:, "concluding that the evidence proved only one fact—that mass riots did take place in the downtown Tallinn on April 26–28, 2007") four men accused of organization of riots during Bronze Night riots.
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also arrived in Estonia, in what was described as a "fact-finding mission". While still in Russia, the chairman of the delegation had already made a declaration, asking Estonia's government (led by
1837:
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Tallinn City Council suspended all strong alcohol retail licenses inside the city borders for a week. There were concerns, mostly in foreign media, that the protest could have escalated into an
902:
technology and from the time the statue was created," said the press representative of Estonian Ministry of Defence. Statues of that kind are made in several pieces and later assembled in one.
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more and more violent, starting to throw stones and empty bottles at the police. By around 9:15 p.m., the mob activity turned to what the police considered the first night's riot.
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unsuitable places is in discord with European culture and the tradition of honouring the memory and remains of the deceased; on the basis of Article 34 of the Protocol Additional to the
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Estonia, and the marking thereof, and in pursuance of which the Estonian state is entitled to rebury the remains on the basis of the public interest, the Riigikogu passes this Act.
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306:, Soviet authorities removed and obliterated numerous historical Estonian monuments. Cemeteries that were destroyed by the authorities during the Soviet era in Estonia include
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500:
World War II Red Army veterans and representatives of the Russian-speaking population in Estonia have continued to gather at the monument on certain dates, celebrating May 9 (
424:
magazine in 1940: "Those who had failed to have their passports stamped for voting Estonia into the USSR were allowed to be shot in the back of the head by Soviet tribunals."
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following afternoon, the stone structure had been dismantled as well. As of the afternoon of April 30, the statue without the stone structure had been placed at the
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On February 15, 2007, Riigikogu approved the Law on Forbidden Structures by 46 votes to 44. This would have banned the public display of monuments that glorify the
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After the restoration of Estonian independence in 1991, a public controversy surrounded the memorial and grew into direct confrontation about 2006–2007. The
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504:) and September 22 ("Liberation of Tallinn" in 1944). The display of Soviet flags and other Soviet symbols at these gatherings had offended many Estonians.
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There were some voices that called for cabinet resignation among the Estonian public as well. The most aggressive criticism was made by members of the
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On December 11, 2008, the trial of men charged with organising of the riots ended; most of the last day was spent on delivering a lengthy judgement.
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The night of April 27 saw a recurrence of violence, with a second night of rioting. Rioting and looting in a few towns of North East Estonia (mainly
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644:(the only legal basis for a presidential veto under Estonian constitution). A veto override was never attempted and this bill did not become law.
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Estonian journalist Paavo Kangur in an opinion piece suggested that the confrontations were intentionally provoked to increase the support of
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636:. The monument itself was specifically mentioned, to be relocated within 30 days of the President signing this into law. However, President
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Some commentators fear that Russia's insistence on pro-Soviet historical interpretations may signal an attempt to reclaim control over the "
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A tent structure was erected to shield the excavations from weather and from public view. Three members of the protest organization "
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4374:"Concluding observations on the fifth periodic report of Estonia, adopted by the Committee at its fiftieth session (6–31 May 2013)"
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754:+3), as the protesters started to assault the policemen. Riot police responded by using water cannon and, according to BBC, firing
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2007:
35:
Protests in downtown Tallinn after police cordoned off the streets around the memorial, driving protesters toward the city centre.
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Statement to the Harju Criminal Court on the criminal prosecution of Dmitry Linter, Dmitry Klenski, Maksim Reva and Mark Siryik
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on May 9. At this time, it is not clear whether this group is the one described by the KavkazCenter report (see above) or is a
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between Nazi Germany and itself that had led to the invasion and occupation of the three Baltic countries. The collapse of the
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who "promised speedy assistance from the European Union to normalise the situation around the Estonian embassy in Moscow."
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and the nearby countryside. On June 12, 1940, the order for a total military blockade on Estonia was given to the Soviet
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570:(the Estonian parliament) passed the War Graves Protection Act, with 66 votes in favour and 6 against, initiated by the
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3304:— photos of protests and riots. The site asks people to identify any participants in riots and the looting that ensued.
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started final preparations for the relocation of the statue and reburial of the associated remains, according to the
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analysis. The eight bodies so far unclaimed were reburied next to the new location of the monument on that day.
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The view that Estonia's annexation by the USSR was legitimate is advanced by the official statements of the
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842:, an association of minority ethnicities living in Estonia) published a declaration that day, condemning
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1263:"Russian Historian: The problem is how to live together if the two peoples have such a different memory"
512:, and let the veterans' meeting with the Soviet symbols continue. On the next day, Estonian nationalist
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and repression. At the same time, the monument has significant symbolic value to Estonia's large ethnic
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3776:Российские парламентарии призвали эстонский парламент дать оценку деятельности правительства республики
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Solvak, Mihkel; Pettai, Vello (September 2008). "The parliamentary elections in Estonia, March 2007".
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Letter of Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov to Germany and Finland about the shift of the statue
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speakers—49% in favour of relocation—while only 9% of native Russian speakers supported relocation.
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Stepan Hapikalo, are pending arrival of his relatives, currently living in Ukraine, to Estonia for
976:
As of July 3, 2007, three remains had been released to their relatives. Claims regarding a fourth,
574:, Social Democratic Party, Res Publica Party and Isamaaliit Party. The preamble of the Act states:
214:(held in March 2007). Disagreement over the appropriateness of the action led to mass protests and
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2141:"State Duma condemns Estonia's 'glorification' of fascism, wants world to 'adequately' assess it"
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in the case, leaving standing the lower courts' rulings and finalising dismissal of the lawsuit.
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4348:"Conclusions and recommendations of the Committee against Torture CAT/C/EST/CO/4 — See para. 23"
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The idea of relocation was opposed by a plurality among inhabitants of Estonia. According to an
545:(Night Watch), calling for nightly vigils to guard the monument from possible removal attempts.
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The Russian State Duma delegation visited the new location of the statue, placed flowers and a
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Tallinnan kiistelty patsas siirretty — mellakoissa yksi kuolonuhri ja kymmeniä loukkaantuneita
326:(where the Bronze Soldier was relocated in 2007) the graves of 240 Estonian soldiers from the
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Estonia says Soviet occupation justifies it staying away from Moscow celebrations – Pravda.Ru
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that had been turned upside down, broken and looted shop windows, pillaged bars and kiosks.
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Police cordoning off the statue on April 26, 2007. The sign says "archeological excavation".
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On July 3, 1933, aggression was defined in a binding treaty signed at the Soviet Embassy in
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and M. Reva were accused of organizing the riots. International freedom of expression NGO
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Another effect of the law was that it placed all war graves under the jurisdiction of the
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Estonia in the autumn of 1944 and Estonia remained a part of the USSR until 1991. During
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Integration efforts in everyday life of Estonia have mainly revolved around two issues:
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2490:"Estonian prime minister: Drunken looters are buried under the Bronze Soldier Monument"
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Common grave for and a memorial to Red Army soldiers on Tõnismägi, Tallinn (PDF file)
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to sue in this matter, and therefore rejected the demands. On January 20, 2009, the
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Ezmiralda Menshikova and Svetlana Gnevasheva, daughters of Ivan Syssoyev, a Red Army
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345:, the era of reassessment of Soviet history in the USSR, the USSR condemned the 1939
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Estonian Review / Eesti Ringvaade, Volume 17 No April 16–17, 18, 2007 – May 2, 2007
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3165:"Government Communication Office Briefing Room – The war grave in central Tallinn"
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3748:"Vähemusrahvaste esindus mõistab vandaalitsemise hukka - Eesti Päevaleht Online"
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by intentionally driving at a slow speed and excessively using their car horns.
457:. Some Russian associations, media, religious leaders and officials, as well as
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3825:"Postimees: Глава делегации Госдумы призывает правительство ЭР уйти в отставку"
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973:. This was the first of the twelve exhumed bodies to be returned to relatives.
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1581:
746:
Estonia's authorities report that the violence started around 9:20 p.m. (
5078:
4971:
4836:
4796:
4639:
4626:
4334:
4059:
3074:
2447:
1586:
1063:
966:
493:
431:, which claim that the USSR's presence in the Baltics was legal according to
307:
4593:(News bulletin of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Estonia) (ISSN 1023-1951)
4163:
1067:
4938:
4902:
4739:
3403:
3303:
2684:"President jättis keelatud rajatise kõrvaldamise seaduse välja kuulutamata"
2493:
1209:
862:
653:
629:
350:
280:
276:
196:
192:
4841:
4048:"Äsjasele pronkssõduri platsile tuleb lilleväljaku asemel püsiv haljasala"
3799:"Postimees: Riigiduuma delegatsiooni juht nõuab Eesti valitsuse lahkumist"
1097:
The prosecutor appealed the decision. The acquittal, however, was upheld.
1080:
On January 5, 2009, the Harju County Court found not guilty (according to
513:
4928:
4852:
3466:Öine märul: üks surnu, 44 vigastatut, 99 lõhkumisjuhtu ja 300 kinnipeetut
2203:
1003:
870:
866:
450:
443:
358:
341:
236:
4683:
4463:
3168:
4965:
4892:
3991:, by Jari Tanner, Associated Press, May 2, 2007. Retrieved: 2007-05-02.
2914:
2605:
1071:
1051:
906:
850:
633:
536:
2468:
1712:
824:
No major incidents were reported, but some drivers tried to block the
81:
Widespread rioting, looting, assault, arson, protests, property damage
4857:
4307:
4224:
3751:
3525:
3440:
3232:
3227:
3114:
2943:
2877:
Kaitsepolitsei aastaraamat: Vene luure tegi mullu Eestis usinalt tööd
2876:
2788:
2755:
2724:
2691:
2660:
2523:
2279:
1439:
1371:
1341:
1105:
Human rights issues concerning arrests and use of force by the police
1082:
992:
987:
On July 4, 2007, remains of Yelena Varshavskaya were reburied at the
875:
843:
668:
592:
567:
292:
180:
4311:
4228:
4201:
3850:
4312:
Riigiprokuratuur: aprillirahutuste süüasja uurimine oli kvaliteetne
3893:
Riigiduuma esindajate hinnangul on pronkssõdurit tükkideks lõigatud
2424:"Postimees: Для чего политики разыгрывают националистическую карту"
2144:
2114:
1824:
European Court of Human Rights cases on Occupation of Baltic States
1497:"Tõnismäelt välja kaevatud punaväelased maeti kaitseväe kalmistule"
755:
734:
605:
550:
454:
239:
3704:Заявление отряда Армии Русского Сопротивления "Колывань" (Эстония)
779:
231:. An opening ceremony for the relocated statue was held on May 8,
4814:
1753:"Defence Forces Cemetery, Tallinn, Estonia - SpottingHistory.com"
1037:
922:
899:
829:
825:
803:
600:
596:
388:
354:
272:
219:
173:
161:
53:
3915:
Kaitseministeerium: pronkssõdurit pole tükeldatud ega vigastatud
713:
monument had been moved to an undisclosed provisional location.
435:
and that the Baltics could not be occupied because there was no
996:
970:
914:
895:
483:
Estonia-Russia relations § Language and citizenship issues
428:
288:
267:
169:
3183:
2628:"Ansip ei välista pronkssõduri saatuse otsustamist riigikogus"
2314:
770:
between Estonians and members of the ethnic Russian minority.
2967:"Estonian Authorities Start Removal of Major Soviet Monument"
1469:. Estonian Ministry of Defence. June 29, 2007. Archived from
1091:
1000:
391:, commemorating government members killed by communist terror
183:
considered the Bronze Soldier in the city centre a symbol of
5007:
On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia
4164:
Pronkssõduri tagasitoomise taotlus jäi lõplikult rahuldamata
4001:
Government Briefing Room – April 26 Press Meeting Transcript
3545:
Tallinna linnavalitsus keelas rahutuste tõttu alkoholi müügi
2552:. Estonian Ministry of Justice. January 2007. Archived from
965:
Bryantsev were handed over to his relatives for reburial in
913:
has promised to help end a siege at the Estonian embassy in
89:
War memorial relocated to Defence Forces Cemetery of Tallinn
3963:
EU promises to help end siege at Estonian mission in Moscow
2993:
Estonian Authorities Start Removal of Major Soviet Monument
2168:
1734:
the destruction of Tallinn Military Cemetery by Pekka Erelt
525:
215:
4585:
Government compensates owners for damage caused by vandals
4476:
Pictures of looters on the homepage of the Estonian Police
2368:"May 9 protesters call for removing Bronze Soldier statue"
666:
According to a non-scientific poll by the daily newspaper
222:), lasting for two nights, the worst in Estonia since the
3577:
3507:Москва обеспокоена отсутствием результатов по делу Ганина
3325:
2940:"Eesti Päevaleht: Politsei pidi Tõnismäel jõudu kasutama"
2311:"Jüri Liim: 9. mail ei ole pronkssõduri juures punalippe"
2082:"Estonia is Encouraging a Resurgence of Nazism in Europe"
1857:
U.S.-Baltic Relations: Celebrating 85 Years of Friendship
981:
4555:
An article depicting the views of the monument opponents
4254:
Chance to Survive: Minority Rights in Estonia and Latvia
2401:"Paavo Kangur: eskiis gaasikambri joonisega on valmimas"
1129:) in respect of four people detained during the events.
640:
vetoed the law, arguing that it did not comply with the
620:
monument which would then be considered a grave marker.
4518:
A timeline of events as reported in Russian state media
2192:День Победы без победителя: Таллин бросил вызов истории
1332:
Aug, Tuuli; Masing, Kadri; Aivar Pau (April 27, 2007).
999:
cemetery. The reburial was conducted by Russia's Chief
623:
408:
318:
and the oldest cemetery in Tallinn, from 16th century,
5115:
European Court of Human Rights cases involving Estonia
4495:
4464:
QTVR fullscreen panoramas near Bronze Soldier Monument
956:
5001:
Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania
4560:
The Independent: 'Don't let Russia bully the Baltics'
4202:"Pronksöö ninamehed lasid Harju maakohtus auru välja"
2272:
2111:"Europe must assess neo-Nazism in Estonia – Kokoshin"
961:
On June 14, 2007, successfully identified remains of
475:
Estonia-Russia relations § Human rights concerns
164:
surrounding the controversial 2007 relocation of the
5110:
Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights
4684:
Restoration of the independence of the Baltic states
4229:
Pronksöö korraldamises süüdistatavad mõisteti õigeks
2812:"Eestlased teisaldaks pronkssõduri, venelased mitte"
2748:"Eestlased teisaldaks pronkssõduri, venelased mitte"
2516:"The Riigikogu passed the War Graves Protection Act"
1123:
Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights
945:
Tõnismägi, former site of the monument, May 27, 2007
3254:
AFP: Estonia to re-house Soviet war statue by May 8
1905:
A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups
1835:
Motion for a resolution on the Situation in Estonia
873:, leader of the foreign affairs' commission of the
199:, but also their claim to equal rights in Estonia.
3273:"Ireland.com: Estonia to relocate Red Army statue"
2776:
2712:
2653:"Ilves ei kuuluta keelatud rajatise seadust välja"
2275:"Politsei hoidis pronkssõduri juures ära kähmluse"
1331:
3694:Itar TASS, April 29, 2007. Retrieved: 2007-04-29.
3102:, BBC, Friday, April 27, 2007, 06:31 GMT 07:31 UK
549:their headlines, presenting Ansip as disparaging
528:sympathizers" having been manipulated by Russian
5076:
4613:Russia’s Involvement in the Tallinn Disturbances
3785:Interfax, April 30, 2007. Retrieved: 2007-04-30
3771:
3769:
3601:Itar TASS, April 29, 2007. Retrieved: 2007-04-29
2907:
1782:The Forty-Third Session of the UN Sub-Commission
1624:League of Nations Treaty Series, 1934, No. 3391.
1031:
683:
5031:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts
3666:Reuters: Estonia calm after Red Army site riots
1877:"Text of Penart ruling on the site of the ECHR"
1461:
1459:
1457:
1202:"The 'Bronze Night' cost Estonia over 4mn euro"
1121:decided that Estonian authorities had violated
1026:Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate
1009:
4098:
4096:
4074:"Esimene Tõnismäelt leitud põrm anti omastele"
3488:Kõik Ganini peksmises kahtlustatavad vabanesid
3461:
3459:
3441:Politsei viib meeleavaldajaid bussidega minema
3075:Pronkssõdur on Tallinna kesklinnast ära viidud
2868:
2866:
1713:The destruction of cemeteries by Robert Nerman
1570:
1568:
1566:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1432:"Valitsus asetas vaikuses pronksõdurile pärja"
1058:
202:Amid political controversy, in April 2007 the
154:
142:
4669:
3766:
3231:(in Estonian). April 30, 2007. Archived from
2855:"Kas pronkssõdur tuleks Tõnismäelt ära viia?"
2459:
2169:Adrian Blomfield; Bruce Jones (May 1, 2007).
1375:(in Estonian). April 30, 2007. Archived from
588:The Act came into force on January 20, 2007.
479:Estonia-Russia relations § Controversies
4587:– Press release of the Government of Estonia
4260:. Aleksei Semjonov. Estonia, Moscow, Paris:
3110:
3108:
2780:Эстонцы перенесли бы памятник, а русские нет
2398:
2171:"Estonia blames memorial violence on Russia"
1454:
1367:"Pronkssõdur avati taas rahvale vaatamiseks"
1283:
561:
334:
4995:Sovereignty Declaration of the Estonian SSR
4496:Protest against the removal of the monument
4129:Video: Vene saadik kalmistul pärga asetamas
4093:
3500:
3456:
2863:
1687:
1563:
1519:
1503:(in Estonian). July 3, 2007. Archived from
1484:
1178:, another controversial monument in Estonia
556:
191:, symbolising not only Soviet victory over
4676:
4662:
4247:
3940:. Juridicainternational.eu. Archived from
3526:Rahutustes pussitatud Dmitri rüüstas poode
3139:"Delfi: märatsemine mõnitab sõdurivaprust"
2185:
1684:from the State Archive of the Russian Navy
798:On April 28 a declaration by a self-named
539:set up an organization in mid-2006 called
364:History of Estonia: Regaining independence
298:After the German occupation of 1941–1944,
4270:Legal Information Centre for Human Rights
4103:"Ümbermatmisel osales Vene sõjaväeatašee"
3194:
3105:
2857:) can be found by browsing to 25.04.2007
2365:
2337:"Jüri Liim lubab Pronkssõduri õhku lasta"
2313:(in Estonian). Liiklus.ee. Archived from
1532:"Estland begravde sovjetsoldater på nytt"
1397:
925:then held the rotating presidency of the
4617:International Centre for Defence Studies
4470:Photos of the site at sites-of-memory.de
3982:Estonia Cancels Russia Talks Over Statue
3972:AFP, May 1, 2007. Retrieved: 2007-05-01.
3872:Savisaar: vastuolud lähevad põranda alla
3697:
2713:Ravil Khair Al-Din (February 22, 2007).
2566:(Official translation of the legal text)
2453:
1934:
1627:
1361:
1359:
940:
728:
687:
378:
271:and Soviet bombers began to patrol over
255:
16:2007 ethnic violence in Tallinn, Estonia
4400:"ECtHR Chamber judgment on application
2973:from the original on September 18, 2007
2899:Tear Gas Scatters Protesters in Estonia
2334:
2273:Alo Raun; Peeter Kuimet (May 9, 2006).
2062:from the original on September 27, 2007
1901:
1309:
1307:
1134:Committee for the Prevention of Torture
1041:buried at the site, his daughters lack
5077:
4262:Institute of Democracy and Cooperation
3285:from the original on February 14, 2021
2809:
2681:
2587:from the original on February 14, 2021
2392:
2380:from the original on February 14, 2012
2213:
2133:
2103:
1979:
1577:"Sõjamehed maeti kaitseväe kalmistule"
1574:
1429:
1400:"Oron lurar bakom lugn statyinvigning"
1260:
5026:Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania
4657:
3632:
3604:
3419:Pihl: arreteeritud on üle 100 inimese
3201:Pronkssõduri juures algas müüriehitus
3053:"Märuli käigus sai üks inimene surma"
2964:
2777:Ravil Khair Al-Din (April 25, 2007).
2221:"Свечи совести" для эстонских властей
2010:from the original on December 5, 2014
1922:from the original on January 16, 2023
1356:
1254:
1161:Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)
1074:has called for them to be acquitted.
724:
468:
4712:Union of Lithuanian Freedom Fighters
4436:from the original on August 14, 2020
3750:. September 26, 2007. Archived from
3145:from the original on August 18, 2007
2920:Estonia Buries Relations with Russia
2810:Mõttus, Kristiina (April 25, 2007).
2745:
2610:Estonia Govt Fighting Bronze Soldier
2254:from the original on January 4, 2009
2162:
2074:
1908:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 238.
1304:
1229:
647:
624:Proposed Law on Forbidden Structures
4566:"Another Red Square Bites the Dust"
4530:Lavrov letter slams EU over Estonia
4354:from the original on March 14, 2012
3613:Excesses of Estonian Special Police
2682:Masing, Kadri (February 22, 2007).
2650:
2399:Paavo Kangur (September 26, 2007).
2305:
2147:. November 15, 2006. Archived from
2117:. November 13, 2006. Archived from
2088:. November 10, 2006. Archived from
2000:"Amnesty International Report 2009"
1787:
1763:from the original on August 3, 2020
1662:at Finnish Defence Forces home page
1467:"Reburial service set for 3rd July"
1398:Björklund, Marianne (May 8, 2007).
1020:attempts to revise history to suit
957:Bodies transferred to the relatives
836:The Union of the Peoples of Estonia
522:Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica
13:
4706:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
2248:"Estonia split over WWII memorial"
1315:"Tallinn tense after deadly riots"
1028:, three hours after the reburial.
287:and subsequently annexed Estonia,
283:invaded Estonia. The Soviet Union
229:Defence Forces Cemetery of Tallinn
14:
5151:
4452:
4380:from the original on July 5, 2013
4266:Foundation for Historical Outlook
3685:More than 200 detained in Estonia
3592:More than 200 detained in Estonia
3404:another video (mpg) from the site
3315:Estonia seals off Soviet memorial
3136:
2937:
2853:; the specific poll in question (
2583:(in Estonian). January 20, 2007.
2530:from the original on May 28, 2008
2520:Weekly Record, January 8–11, 2007
2036:from the original on May 27, 2009
1883:from the original on May 26, 2011
1261:Daniel, Alexander (May 4, 2007).
5036:January 1991 events in Lithuania
4422:
4410:from the original on May 4, 2014
4392:
4366:
4340:
4323:
4301:
4241:
4218:
4200:Põld, Tiiu (December 12, 2008).
4194:
4175:
4147:
4122:
4067:
4041:
4015:
3994:
3975:
3956:
3930:
3908:
3886:
3865:
3843:
3817:
3791:
3740:
3719:
3678:
3032:Video of the protests and unrest
2651:Pau, Aivar (February 15, 2007).
1982:"A Do-Over for Russian History?"
487:
29:
4532:(Unofficial translation of the
3659:
3640:Aktuaalne kaamera (vene keeles)
3585:
3560:
3538:
3519:
3481:
3434:
3412:
3397:
3375:
3353:
3338:Photos of vandalised Pärnu road
3331:
3308:
3297:
3265:
3247:
3215:
3157:
3130:
3093:Estonia removes Soviet memorial
3086:
3068:
3046:
3025:
3004:
2985:
2958:
2931:
2892:
2834:
2803:
2770:
2739:
2716:Президент не провозгласил закон
2706:
2675:
2644:
2621:
2599:
2569:
2542:
2508:
2482:
2359:
2335:Tooming, Rando (May 10, 2006).
2328:
2299:
2266:
2250:. BBC News. February 15, 2007.
2240:
2048:
2022:
1992:
1980:Osborn, Andrew (July 6, 2007).
1973:
1952:
1942:"RUSSIA: Justice in The Baltic"
1895:
1869:
1850:
1828:
1817:
1806:
1775:
1745:
1724:
1703:
1665:
1643:
1618:
1600:
1575:Koppel, Nataly (July 3, 2007).
1298:10.1016/j.electstud.2008.01.004
1208:. July 27, 2007. Archived from
1127:inhuman and degrading treatment
310:cemeteries established in 1774
73:Stop relocation of war memorial
4022:"Esinduspeenar neelab miljoni"
3190:Picture of statue in new place
2746:Kook, Urmet (April 25, 2007).
2550:"Protection of War Graves Act"
1548:. July 3, 2007. Archived from
1423:
1391:
1334:"Olukord tänavatel on rahulik"
1325:
1277:
1223:
1194:
1119:European Court of Human Rights
789:
741:
416:European Court of Human Rights
401:European Court of Human Rights
353:led to the restoration of the
65:Soviet war memorial relocation
44:April 26 – April 29, 2007
1:
5140:Police brutality in the 2000s
5041:January 1991 events in Latvia
4402:Korobov and Others v. Estonia
3801:(in Estonian). Archived from
3167:. Valitsus.ee. Archived from
2818:(in Estonian). Archived from
2407:(in Estonian). Archived from
2343:(in Estonian). Archived from
2283:(in Estonian). Archived from
1585:(in Estonian). Archived from
1430:Masing, Kadri (May 8, 2007).
1187:
1182:Russians in the Baltic states
1151:Aftermath of the Bronze Night
1032:Syssoyev's daughters' lawsuit
853:delegation led by the former
684:Events surrounding relocation
295:as Soviet republics in 1940.
250:
4908:Estonian Citizens' Committee
4549:Supporters of the relocation
4238:by Tiiu Põld and Martin Kass
3827:(in Russian). Archived from
3360:Photos of looting of a kiosk
3223:"Pronkssõdur on uues kohas!"
2581:Elektrooniline Riigi Teataja
1408:(in Swedish). Archived from
1146:2007 cyberattacks on Estonia
1010:Reburial of unclaimed bodies
676:According to the article in
632:or Estonia's fifty years of
613:Estonian Ministry of Defence
328:Estonian War of Independence
160:), was a number of riots in
7:
5130:April 2007 events in Europe
4962:Night Song Festivals (1988)
4490:Opponents of the relocation
4484:newspaper pictures of riots
4187:September 26, 2011, at the
4134:September 11, 2007, at the
4084:September 16, 2007, at the
4032:September 18, 2007, at the
4006:September 27, 2007, at the
3987:September 23, 2023, at the
3968:September 30, 2007, at the
3920:September 16, 2007, at the
3856:September 26, 2007, at the
3781:September 30, 2007, at the
3619:September 15, 2007, at the
3531:September 26, 2007, at the
3446:September 26, 2007, at the
3259:September 27, 2007, at the
3120:September 26, 2007, at the
2998:September 18, 2007, at the
2925:September 30, 2007, at the
2638:September 19, 2007, at the
2615:September 30, 2007, at the
2577:"Sõjahaudade kaitse seadus"
2492:. Regnum.ru. Archived from
1840:September 29, 2018, at the
1156:Estonian Patriotic Movement
1139:
1059:Trial of alleged organisers
936:
905:Estonia's Foreign Minister
819:
773:
10:
5156:
5120:Police brutality in Europe
4803:Letter of 40 Intellectuals
4466:(May 9, 2005; May 9, 2007)
4207:December 14, 2008, at the
3898:September 7, 2007, at the
3671:February 14, 2021, at the
3572:September 2, 2007, at the
3471:September 5, 2007, at the
3016:February 14, 2012, at the
2366:Joel Alas (May 10, 2006).
1964:December 13, 2007, at the
1862:November 17, 2017, at the
1803:AT U.S Department of State
1739:November 29, 2007, at the
801:Army of Russian Resistance
535:A small group of Estonian
472:
383:Plaque on the building of
259:
5049:
5016:
4987:
4978:The Baltics Are Waking Up
4947:
4921:
4880:
4871:
4824:
4791:Lithuanian Liberty League
4785:Lithuanian Helsinki Group
4777:
4768:
4732:
4698:
4689:
3550:October 15, 2007, at the
3424:October 21, 2007, at the
3365:October 21, 2007, at the
3037:October 30, 2019, at the
1718:February 5, 2012, at the
1680:February 5, 2008, at the
1125:(prohibition of torture,
1111:Committee Against Torture
1109:In November 2007, the UN
840:Eestimaa Rahvuste Ühendus
595:protection treaties with
566:On January 10, 2007, the
562:War Graves Protection Act
335:Interpretation of history
324:Tallinn Military Cemetery
300:Soviet forces reconquered
172:World War II memorial in
166:Bronze Soldier of Tallinn
114:
106:
98:
93:
85:
77:
69:
61:
48:
40:
28:
23:
5100:Estonia–Russia relations
5050:Post-independence crises
4893:Popular Front of Estonia
4113:August 19, 2007, at the
3938:"Juridica International"
3877:October 8, 2007, at the
3493:August 26, 2007, at the
3387:August 28, 2007, at the
3320:January 4, 2009, at the
3115:Pronkssõdur viidi minema
3080:October 9, 2007, at the
2965:HULIQ (April 26, 2007).
2942:. Epl.ee. Archived from
2779:
2715:
2226:October 6, 2007, at the
2197:October 9, 2007, at the
1794:Background Note: Estonia
1658:August 21, 2009, at the
1047:Supreme Court of Estonia
889:
786:of the Tallinn Seaport.
557:Legislative preparations
279:. On June 16, 1940, the
5125:Anti-Estonian sentiment
4898:Popular Front of Latvia
4640:59.431256°N 24.740015°E
4615:– Analysis by Estonian
4501:March 16, 2009, at the
4406:. Cmiskp.echr.coe.int.
4333:// Nations in Transit.
4317:April 11, 2009, at the
4310:January 5, 2009 14:51:
4169:April 27, 2009, at the
3062:April 29, 2007, at the
2841:Link to daily polls by
1902:Minahan, James (2000).
1757:www.spottinghistory.com
919:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
642:constitution of Estonia
463:human rights violations
373:Demographics of Estonia
262:Estonia in World War II
5063:Coup of the Volunteers
4874:Political activism era
4571:The American Spectator
4234:April 8, 2009, at the
3512:July 20, 2011, at the
3343:July 14, 2007, at the
2991:HULIQ.com 2007-04-26:
2882:June 30, 2008, at the
2849:June 15, 2006, at the
2446:February 13, 2013, at
1273:on September 30, 2007.
995:in the world's oldest
946:
738:
693:
392:
155:
143:
133:
5135:2000s political riots
3944:on September 22, 2020
3831:on September 17, 2007
3754:on September 26, 2007
3709:July 2, 2007, at the
3690:July 5, 2007, at the
3646:May 28, 2008, at the
3597:July 5, 2007, at the
3206:May 25, 2007, at the
3098:May 16, 2009, at the
2791:on September 26, 2007
2758:on September 26, 2007
2727:on September 26, 2007
2694:on September 26, 2007
2663:on September 26, 2007
2317:on September 28, 2007
2234:, December 20, 2006.
2173:. The Daily Telegraph
2151:on September 30, 2007
2121:on September 30, 2007
2092:on September 27, 2007
2058:. Interfax-Religion.
2032:. Interfax-Religion.
2004:Amnesty International
1799:June 4, 2019, at the
1694:"Five Years of Dates"
1442:on September 26, 2007
1086:, under principle of
1022:political conjuncture
944:
732:
691:
572:Estonian Reform Party
473:Further information:
459:Amnesty International
397:Government of Estonia
385:Government of Estonia
382:
256:Historical background
204:Government of Estonia
136:), also known as the
5018:Final confrontations
4934:Vytautas Landsbergis
4771:Soviet dissident era
4645:59.431256; 24.740015
4329:V. Pettai M. Molder
3734:May 2, 2007, at the
2526:. January 10, 2007.
2496:on February 24, 2012
2430:on December 22, 2007
2421:Russian translation
1640:. (October 9, 1939).
1607:"Aggression Defined"
1232:"The Memory Remains"
638:Toomas Hendrik Ilves
617:Tallinn City Council
461:, accuse Estonia of
4913:Congress of Estonia
4760:Adolfas Ramanauskas
4636: /
4579:Estonian government
4512:Russian state media
3382:Video from the site
2056:"Interfax-Religion"
2030:"Interfax-Religion"
1675:documents published
1230:Johnston, Anthony.
1117:In March 2013, the
591:Estonia has mutual
355:Republic of Estonia
224:Soviet reoccupation
5105:History of Tallinn
4949:Singing Revolution
4524:Russian government
4162:January 20, 2009:
4155:Tallinna Postimees
4109:. (July 3, 2007).
3011:Photos of protests
2822:on August 19, 2007
2309:(March 26, 2007).
2219:Екатерина Зорина,
1948:. August 19, 1940.
1242:on August 12, 2010
1212:on August 29, 2008
1176:Monument of Lihula
1166:History of Estonia
947:
739:
725:Riots and violence
694:
581:Geneva Conventions
469:Further background
437:declaration of war
429:Russian Federation
393:
212:previous elections
210:received from the
5072:
5071:
4957:Hirvepark meeting
4778:Groups and events
4699:Groups and events
4458:Photos and videos
4289:on March 13, 2011
4279:978-9949-18-818-5
4249:Poleshchuk, Vadim
4227:January 5, 2009:
4080:(June 14, 2007).
4058:May 27, 2012, at
3281:. April 4, 2007.
2556:on March 16, 2021
2411:on April 17, 2009
2347:on April 16, 2009
2287:on April 16, 2009
2207:, April 27, 2007
1784:at Google Scholar
1344:on April 29, 2007
1321:. April 28, 2007.
1286:Electoral Studies
828:in the center of
737:, April 26, 2007.
648:Public perception
433:international law
414:According to the
395:According to the
320:Kalamaja cemetery
208:political mandate
189:Russian community
185:Soviet occupation
122:
121:
5147:
5095:2007 in politics
4733:Freedom fighters
4723:Operation Jungle
4717:Operation Priboi
4678:
4671:
4664:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4629:
4564:Shawn Macomber,
4544:
4507:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4426:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4344:
4338:
4327:
4321:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4288:
4282:. Archived from
4259:
4245:
4239:
4222:
4216:
4198:
4192:
4191:January 15, 2008
4179:
4173:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4126:
4120:
4119:
4100:
4091:
4090:
4071:
4065:
4064:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4019:
4013:
4012:
3998:
3992:
3979:
3973:
3960:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3934:
3928:
3926:
3912:
3906:
3904:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3773:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3744:
3738:
3729:www.postimees.ee
3728:
3723:
3717:
3715:
3701:
3695:
3682:
3676:
3663:
3657:
3656:
3636:
3630:
3629:
3608:
3602:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3564:
3558:
3556:
3542:
3536:
3523:
3517:
3504:
3498:
3485:
3479:
3477:
3463:
3454:
3452:
3438:
3432:
3430:
3416:
3410:
3408:
3401:
3395:
3393:
3379:
3373:
3371:
3357:
3351:
3349:
3335:
3329:
3312:
3306:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3269:
3263:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3198:
3192:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3134:
3128:
3126:
3112:
3103:
3090:
3084:
3072:
3066:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3008:
3002:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2935:
2929:
2911:
2905:
2903:Associated Press
2896:
2890:
2870:
2861:
2860:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2787:. Archived from
2774:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2754:. Archived from
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2723:. Archived from
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2690:. Archived from
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2659:. Archived from
2648:
2642:
2625:
2619:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2467:. Archived from
2463:(May 24, 2006).
2457:
2451:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2426:. Archived from
2420:
2418:
2416:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2373:The Baltic Times
2363:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1873:
1867:
1854:
1848:
1832:
1826:
1821:
1815:
1810:
1804:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1749:
1743:
1732:
1728:
1722:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1700:. June 24, 1940.
1691:
1685:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1616:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1589:on July 13, 2007
1572:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1552:on July 12, 2007
1528:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1493:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1463:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1438:. Archived from
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1363:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1340:. Archived from
1329:
1323:
1322:
1311:
1302:
1301:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1269:. Archived from
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1238:. Archived from
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1198:
1171:Latvian Riflemen
1088:in dubio pro reo
1017:military attaché
859:Nikolay Kovalyov
816:inspired by it.
810:armed resistance
339:In 1989, during
218:(accompanied by
158:
156:aprillisündmused
146:
144:aprillirahutused
33:
21:
20:
5155:
5154:
5150:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5085:2007 in Estonia
5075:
5074:
5073:
5068:
5057:Pullapää crisis
5045:
5012:
4983:
4943:
4917:
4876:
4867:
4820:
4817:(1987–88)
4809:Phosphorite War
4793:(1978–95)
4787:(1977–81)
4773:
4764:
4728:
4725:(1949–55)
4708:(1944–56)
4694:
4685:
4682:
4644:
4642:
4638:
4635:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4542:
4505:
4503:Wayback Machine
4455:
4450:
4449:
4439:
4437:
4432:. Cpt.coe.int.
4428:
4427:
4423:
4413:
4411:
4404:(no. 10195/08)"
4398:
4397:
4393:
4383:
4381:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4357:
4355:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4328:
4324:
4319:Wayback Machine
4306:
4302:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4280:
4257:
4246:
4242:
4236:Wayback Machine
4223:
4219:
4209:Wayback Machine
4199:
4195:
4189:Wayback Machine
4180:
4176:
4171:Wayback Machine
4152:
4148:
4142:
4136:Wayback Machine
4127:
4123:
4117:
4115:Wayback Machine
4101:
4094:
4088:
4086:Wayback Machine
4072:
4068:
4062:
4046:
4042:
4036:
4034:Wayback Machine
4020:
4016:
4010:
4008:Wayback Machine
3999:
3995:
3989:Wayback Machine
3980:
3976:
3970:Wayback Machine
3961:
3957:
3947:
3945:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3924:
3922:Wayback Machine
3913:
3909:
3902:
3900:Wayback Machine
3891:
3887:
3881:
3879:Wayback Machine
3870:
3866:
3860:
3858:Wayback Machine
3848:
3844:
3834:
3832:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3808:
3806:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3786:
3783:Wayback Machine
3774:
3767:
3757:
3755:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3736:Wayback Machine
3726:
3724:
3720:
3713:
3711:Wayback Machine
3702:
3698:
3692:Wayback Machine
3683:
3679:
3673:Wayback Machine
3664:
3660:
3654:
3653:April 28, 2007
3648:Wayback Machine
3637:
3633:
3627:
3626:April 28, 2007
3621:Wayback Machine
3609:
3605:
3599:Wayback Machine
3590:
3586:
3580:
3574:Wayback Machine
3565:
3561:
3554:
3552:Wayback Machine
3543:
3539:
3533:Wayback Machine
3524:
3520:
3514:Wayback Machine
3505:
3501:
3495:Wayback Machine
3486:
3482:
3475:
3473:Wayback Machine
3464:
3457:
3450:
3448:Wayback Machine
3439:
3435:
3428:
3426:Wayback Machine
3417:
3413:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3391:
3389:Wayback Machine
3380:
3376:
3369:
3367:Wayback Machine
3358:
3354:
3347:
3345:Wayback Machine
3336:
3332:
3322:Wayback Machine
3313:
3309:
3302:
3298:
3288:
3286:
3278:The Irish Times
3271:
3270:
3266:
3261:Wayback Machine
3252:
3248:
3238:
3236:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3210:
3208:Wayback Machine
3199:
3195:
3188:
3184:
3174:
3172:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3148:
3146:
3135:
3131:
3124:
3122:Wayback Machine
3113:
3106:
3100:Wayback Machine
3091:
3087:
3082:Wayback Machine
3073:
3069:
3064:Wayback Machine
3051:
3047:
3041:
3039:Wayback Machine
3030:
3026:
3020:
3018:Wayback Machine
3009:
3005:
3000:Wayback Machine
2990:
2986:
2976:
2974:
2963:
2959:
2949:
2947:
2946:on May 26, 2011
2936:
2932:
2927:Wayback Machine
2912:
2908:
2897:
2893:
2884:Wayback Machine
2875:June 20, 2008:
2873:Eesti Päevaleht
2871:
2864:
2858:
2851:Wayback Machine
2839:
2835:
2825:
2823:
2808:
2804:
2794:
2792:
2785:Eesti Päevaleht
2781:
2775:
2771:
2761:
2759:
2752:Eesti Päevaleht
2750:(in Estonian).
2744:
2740:
2730:
2728:
2721:Eesti Päevaleht
2717:
2711:
2707:
2697:
2695:
2688:Eesti Päevaleht
2686:(in Estonian).
2680:
2676:
2666:
2664:
2657:Eesti Päevaleht
2655:(in Estonian).
2649:
2645:
2640:Wayback Machine
2626:
2622:
2617:Wayback Machine
2604:
2600:
2590:
2588:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2559:
2557:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2533:
2531:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2497:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2474:
2472:
2471:on July 1, 2007
2458:
2454:
2433:
2431:
2422:
2414:
2412:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2364:
2360:
2350:
2348:
2333:
2329:
2320:
2318:
2304:
2300:
2290:
2288:
2271:
2267:
2257:
2255:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2228:Wayback Machine
2218:
2214:
2208:
2199:Wayback Machine
2190:
2186:
2176:
2174:
2167:
2163:
2154:
2152:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2124:
2122:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2095:
2093:
2086:Voice of Russia
2080:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2013:
2011:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1966:Wayback Machine
1957:
1953:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1925:
1923:
1916:
1900:
1896:
1886:
1884:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1864:Wayback Machine
1855:
1851:
1842:Wayback Machine
1833:
1829:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1807:
1801:Wayback Machine
1792:
1788:
1780:
1776:
1766:
1764:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1741:Wayback Machine
1730:
1729:
1725:
1720:Wayback Machine
1709:
1708:
1704:
1692:
1688:
1682:Wayback Machine
1671:
1670:
1666:
1660:Wayback Machine
1649:
1648:
1644:
1634:"Moscow's Week"
1632:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1605:
1601:
1592:
1590:
1573:
1564:
1555:
1553:
1530:
1529:
1520:
1510:
1508:
1507:on July 5, 2007
1495:
1494:
1485:
1476:
1474:
1473:on May 28, 2008
1465:
1464:
1455:
1445:
1443:
1436:Eesti Päevaleht
1434:(in Estonian).
1428:
1424:
1415:
1413:
1412:on May 19, 2007
1396:
1392:
1382:
1380:
1365:
1364:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1338:Eesti Päevaleht
1336:(in Estonian).
1330:
1326:
1313:
1312:
1305:
1282:
1278:
1259:
1255:
1245:
1243:
1228:
1224:
1215:
1213:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1142:
1107:
1090:, according to
1061:
1034:
1012:
989:Mount of Olives
978:Master Sergeant
959:
939:
892:
846:and maraudery.
822:
792:
776:
768:ethnic conflict
744:
727:
686:
678:Eesti Päevaleht
659:Eesti Päevaleht
650:
626:
564:
559:
490:
485:
471:
347:secret protocol
337:
264:
258:
253:
57:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5153:
5143:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5060:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5022:
5020:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5004:
4998:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4981:
4974:
4969:
4963:
4960:
4953:
4951:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4925:
4923:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4884:
4882:
4878:
4877:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4863:Tomas Venclova
4860:
4855:
4850:
4847:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4828:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4812:
4806:
4800:
4794:
4788:
4781:
4779:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4750:Pranas Končius
4747:
4742:
4736:
4734:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4726:
4720:
4714:
4709:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4695:
4692:Armed struggle
4690:
4687:
4686:
4681:
4680:
4673:
4666:
4658:
4620:
4619:
4610:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4594:
4588:
4581:
4580:
4576:
4575:
4562:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4546:
4545:
4537:
4526:
4525:
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4459:
4454:
4453:External links
4451:
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4421:
4391:
4365:
4339:
4331:Estonia p. 207
4322:
4300:
4278:
4272:. p. 65.
4251:, ed. (2009).
4240:
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4174:
4146:
4121:
4092:
4066:
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4014:
3993:
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3929:
3907:
3885:
3864:
3851:Juhan Kivirähk
3842:
3816:
3805:on May 2, 2007
3790:
3765:
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3696:
3677:
3658:
3631:
3611:Maxim Kiselev
3603:
3584:
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3499:
3480:
3455:
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3396:
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3235:on May 2, 2007
3214:
3193:
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3171:on May 9, 2009
3156:
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2783:(in Russian).
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2021:
1991:
1972:
1951:
1933:
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1774:
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1562:
1540:(in Swedish).
1537:Dagens Nyheter
1518:
1483:
1453:
1422:
1405:Dagens Nyheter
1390:
1379:on May 2, 2007
1355:
1324:
1303:
1292:(3): 574–577.
1276:
1265:(in Russian).
1253:
1236:Russia Profile
1222:
1192:
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1106:
1103:
1066:, D. Klenski,
1060:
1057:
1043:legal standing
1033:
1030:
1011:
1008:
958:
955:
938:
935:
911:European Union
909:said that the
900:bronze casting
891:
888:
821:
818:
791:
788:
775:
772:
743:
740:
726:
723:
685:
682:
649:
646:
625:
622:
586:
585:
563:
560:
558:
555:
524:and "Estonian
489:
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470:
467:
336:
333:
316:Mõigu cemetery
312:Kopli cemetery
257:
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5021:
5019:
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5002:
4999:
4996:
4993:
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4990:
4988:Key decisions
4986:
4979:
4975:
4973:
4972:Alo Mattiisen
4970:
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4958:
4955:
4954:
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4883:
4879:
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4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4848:
4846:Tiit Madisson
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4837:Romas Kalanta
4835:
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4797:Baltic Appeal
4795:
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4772:
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4586:
4583:
4582:
4578:
4577:
4574:, May 2, 2007
4573:
4572:
4567:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4547:
4543:(in Estonian)
4541:
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4536:into English)
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4335:Freedom House
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4143:(in Estonian)
4141:July 3, 2007
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4061:
4060:archive.today
4057:
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3170:
3166:
3160:
3144:
3140:
3133:
3125:(in Estonian)
3123:
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3097:
3094:
3089:
3083:
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3076:
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3042:(in Estonian)
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3021:(in Estonian)
3019:
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3012:
3007:
3001:
2997:
2994:
2988:
2972:
2969:. Huliq.com.
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2462:
2461:Nochnoy Dozor
2456:
2449:
2448:archive.today
2445:
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2415:September 28,
2410:
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2205:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2188:
2172:
2165:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1955:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1921:
1917:
1915:0-313-30984-1
1911:
1907:
1906:
1898:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1843:
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1731:(in Estonian)
1727:
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1706:
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1657:
1654:
1653:Pavel Petrov
1646:
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1137:
1135:
1132:In 2011, the
1130:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1112:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
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1007:
1005:
1002:
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994:
990:
985:
983:
979:
974:
972:
968:
967:Rostov oblast
964:
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951:
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930:
928:
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920:
916:
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546:
544:
543:
542:Nochnoy Dozor
538:
533:
531:
527:
523:
518:
515:
511:
510:Estonian flag
505:
503:
498:
495:
494:eternal flame
488:Confrontation
484:
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476:
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308:Baltic German
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55:
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43:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
5017:
4939:Lennart Meri
4873:
4832:Gunārs Astra
4770:
4755:Juozas Lukša
4745:Jānis Pīnups
4740:August Sabbe
4691:
4621:
4616:
4569:
4506:(in Russian)
4481:
4472:(June, 2006)
4438:. Retrieved
4424:
4412:. Retrieved
4401:
4394:
4382:. Retrieved
4376:. UN OHCHR.
4368:
4356:. Retrieved
4342:
4325:
4303:
4291:. Retrieved
4284:the original
4253:
4243:
4220:
4212:
4196:
4177:
4153:
4149:
4138:
4124:
4106:
4077:
4069:
4051:
4043:
4025:
4017:
3996:
3977:
3958:
3946:. Retrieved
3942:the original
3932:
3910:
3888:
3867:
3845:
3833:. Retrieved
3829:the original
3819:
3807:. Retrieved
3803:the original
3793:
3787:(in Russian)
3758:November 20,
3756:. Retrieved
3752:the original
3742:
3721:
3714:(in Russian)
3699:
3680:
3661:
3655:(in Russian)
3639:
3634:
3628:(in Russian)
3612:
3606:
3587:
3581:(in Finnish)
3562:
3540:
3521:
3502:
3483:
3436:
3414:
3399:
3377:
3355:
3333:
3310:
3299:
3287:. Retrieved
3276:
3267:
3249:
3237:. Retrieved
3233:the original
3226:
3217:
3196:
3185:
3173:. Retrieved
3169:the original
3159:
3147:. Retrieved
3141:. Delfi.ee.
3132:
3088:
3070:
3056:
3048:
3027:
3006:
2987:
2975:. Retrieved
2960:
2948:. Retrieved
2944:the original
2933:
2913:
2909:
2894:
2854:
2842:
2836:
2824:. Retrieved
2820:the original
2815:
2805:
2793:. Retrieved
2789:the original
2772:
2760:. Retrieved
2756:the original
2741:
2729:. Retrieved
2725:the original
2708:
2696:. Retrieved
2692:the original
2677:
2665:. Retrieved
2661:the original
2646:
2631:
2623:
2601:
2589:. Retrieved
2580:
2571:
2558:. Retrieved
2554:the original
2544:
2532:. Retrieved
2519:
2510:
2498:. Retrieved
2494:the original
2484:
2473:. Retrieved
2469:the original
2455:
2432:. Retrieved
2428:the original
2413:. Retrieved
2409:the original
2404:
2394:
2382:. Retrieved
2371:
2361:
2349:. Retrieved
2345:the original
2340:
2330:
2319:. Retrieved
2315:the original
2301:
2289:. Retrieved
2285:the original
2278:
2268:
2256:. Retrieved
2242:
2236:(in Russian)
2215:
2209:(in Russian)
2202:
2187:
2175:. Retrieved
2164:
2153:. Retrieved
2149:the original
2135:
2123:. Retrieved
2119:the original
2105:
2094:. Retrieved
2090:the original
2076:
2064:. Retrieved
2050:
2038:. Retrieved
2024:
2012:. Retrieved
1994:
1985:
1975:
1969:(in Russian)
1954:
1945:
1936:
1924:. Retrieved
1904:
1897:
1885:. Retrieved
1871:
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179:Many ethnic
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138:April Unrest
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126:Bronze Night
125:
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24:Bronze Night
18:
4929:Tunne Kelam
4853:Lagle Parek
4849:Mart Niklus
4643: /
4607:(Word file)
2888:Kärt Anvelt
2204:RIA Novosti
1582:SL Õhtuleht
1246:January 24,
1004:Berel Lazar
871:Sven Mikser
790:April 28–29
742:April 26–27
706:Night Watch
702:Night Watch
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537:Russophones
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451:citizenship
444:near abroad
359:sovereignty
342:perestroika
244:Victory Day
237:Soviet Army
86:Resulted in
5090:2007 riots
5079:Categories
4966:Baltic Way
4825:Dissidents
4631:24°44′24″E
4628:59°25′53″N
3835:October 9,
3809:October 9,
2915:Kommersant
2606:Kommersant
2475:2007-07-24
2465:"Petition"
2434:October 9,
2321:2007-07-24
2155:2007-07-25
2096:2007-07-25
1593:2007-07-24
1556:2007-07-21
1477:2007-07-24
1416:2007-07-24
1216:2007-10-09
1188:References
1072:ARTICLE 19
1052:certiorari
907:Urmas Paet
851:State Duma
849:A Russian
784:Terminal D
634:Bolshevism
553:veterans.
407:, and the
260:See also:
251:Background
242:celebrate
94:Casualties
4922:Activists
4881:Movements
4858:Enn Tarto
4842:Jüri Kukk
4534:full text
4482:Postimees
4440:April 26,
4414:March 28,
4358:April 26,
4308:Postimees
4293:April 18,
4225:Postimees
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3057:Postimees
2977:April 26,
2950:April 26,
2843:Postimees
2816:Postimees
2632:Postimees
2524:Riigikogu
2500:April 26,
2405:Postimees
2384:April 26,
2341:Postimees
2280:Postimees
2066:April 26,
2040:April 26,
1926:April 26,
1887:April 26,
1501:Postimees
1372:Postimees
1083:Postimees
1064:D. Linter
993:Jerusalem
950:Tõnismägi
876:Riigikogu
867:step down
857:Director
844:vandalism
669:Postimees
593:war grave
568:Riigikogu
532:service.
514:Jüri Liim
322:. At the
293:Lithuania
181:Estonians
134:pronksiöö
62:Caused by
56:, Estonia
4598:Analysis
4499:Archived
4434:Archived
4408:Archived
4384:June 11,
4378:Archived
4352:Archived
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3239:July 26,
3204:Archived
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2826:July 24,
2795:July 24,
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2667:July 24,
2636:Archived
2613:Archived
2591:July 24,
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2534:July 24,
2528:Archived
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2291:July 22,
2258:July 24,
2252:Archived
2224:Archived
2195:Archived
2177:July 25,
2145:Interfax
2125:July 25,
2115:Interfax
2060:Archived
2034:Archived
2008:Archived
2006:. 2009.
1962:Archived
1920:Archived
1881:Archived
1860:Archived
1838:Archived
1797:Archived
1761:Archived
1737:Archived
1716:Archived
1678:Archived
1656:Archived
1511:July 24,
1446:July 24,
1383:July 24,
1348:July 24,
1319:BBC News
1140:See also
1068:M. Sirõk
937:Epilogue
820:April 30
774:April 27
756:tear gas
733:Burning
606:Red Army
551:Red Army
455:language
304:this era
285:occupied
240:veterans
130:Estonian
115:Arrested
107:Injuries
99:Death(s)
49:Location
4903:Sąjūdis
4815:MRP-AEG
3137:DELFI.
2938:DELFI.
2014:June 5,
1049:denied
1038:partorg
963:captain
923:Germany
830:Tallinn
826:traffic
814:copycat
804:Kolyvan
601:Germany
597:Finland
389:Toompea
273:Tallinn
220:looting
174:Tallinn
162:Estonia
78:Methods
54:Tallinn
5065:(1993)
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1267:REGNUM
1206:REGNUM
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971:Russia
915:Moscow
896:wreath
481:, and
403:, the
399:, the
289:Latvia
268:London
233:VE Day
170:Soviet
148:) and
118:1,000+
4287:(PDF)
4258:(PDF)
3849:e.g.
3651:ETV24
3624:Vesti
2232:Vesti
1092:LICHR
1001:Rabbi
890:May 1
865:) to
780:Jõhvi
735:kiosk
371:(See
362:(See
216:riots
70:Goals
4888:ERSP
4442:2012
4416:2013
4386:2013
4360:2012
4337:2010
4295:2010
4274:ISBN
4268:and
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