91:
64:
of 1.33 g/mL, which is 33% greater than water (1 g/mL). As a result, it can be mixed with less-dense flavoring agents such as citrus oil to produce an oil which matches the density of water or other products. The droplets containing BVO remain suspended in the water rather than separating
227:
There are case reports of adverse effects associated with excessive consumption of BVO-containing products. One case reported that a man who consumed two to four liters of a soda containing BVO on a daily basis experienced memory loss, tremors, fatigue, loss of muscle coordination, headache, and
193:, BVO is banned from use as a food additive; it was originally banned in the UK and several other European countries in 1970; and any BVO-containing products that may slip through the regulations are pulled from shelves upon discovery. In the EU, beverage companies commonly use
491:
142:
In July 2024, the FDA revoked regulations allowing the use of BVO in food. The agency concluded that the intended use of BVO in food is no longer considered safe after the results of studies conducted in collaboration with the
517:
574:
147:(NIH) found the potential for adverse health effects in humans. The final rule banning BVO took effect August 2, 2024, and beverage companies have one year to reformulate their products to comply with the final rule.
709:
717:
727:
Gesundheitliche
Bewertung von Erfrischungsgetränken mit zugesetzten bromierten Pflanzenölen. Stellungnahme Nr. 023/2014 des Bundesinstituts für Risikobewertung vom 4. Juli 2014
390:
48:, preventing them from separating during distribution. Brominated vegetable oil has been used by the soft drink industry since 1931, generally at a level of about 8
466:
726:
365:
415:
714:
298:
Paul Bendig; Lisa Maier; Walter Vetter (2012). "Brominated vegetable oil in soft drinks – an underrated source of human organobromine intake".
260:
640:
542:
676:
158:
approved a law that would ban the manufacture, sale, and distribution of brominated vegetable oil, along with three other additives (
52:. Several countries have banned use of BVO in food and drink products because of the potential for adverse health effects in humans.
584:
441:
325:
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236:. In the two months it took to correctly diagnose the problem, the patient also lost the ability to walk. Eventually,
182:, BVO is currently permitted as a food additive, but only in beverages containing citrus or spruce oils. In May 2024,
136:
518:"Proposal to remove brominated vegetable oil from the List of permitted food additives with other accepted uses"
144:
87:
have been used as contrast agents and for goiter prophylaxis in populations with low dietary iodine intake.
194:
132:
77:
348:
Food additives. Brominated vegetable oils; removal from list of substances generally recognized as safe.
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Behavioral and reproductive effects of chronic developmental exposure to brominated vegetable oil in rats
73:
600:
741:
115:
492:"Summary of Health Canada's updated safety assessment of brominated vegetable oil as food additive"
268:
746:
416:"California Legislature passes first bill in U.S. to ban food additives, including red dye No. 3"
60:
Careful control of the type of oil used allows bromination of it to produce BVO with a specific
94:
Chemical structure of a representative constituent of BVO, featuring, from the top, brominated
704:
715:
FDA Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS) entry for brominated vegetable oil
552:
170:), becoming the first state to ban food additives that were otherwise approved by the FDA.
8:
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391:"Revocation of Authorization for Use of Brominated Vegetable Oil in Food"
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84:
45:
442:"California isn't banning Skittles, but four additives will be removed"
209:
151:
111:
103:
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proposed removing BVO from Canada's list of permitted food additives.
37:
bonded to the fat molecules. Brominated vegetable oil is used to help
366:"FDA Revokes Regulation Allowing the Use of Brominated Vegetable Oil"
38:
297:
264:
237:
61:
34:
638:
Horowitz BZ (1997). "Bromism from excessive cola consumption".
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was prescribed which resulted in a reversal of the disorder.
216:
205:
573:
Friberg, Stig; Larsson, Kare; Sjoblom, Johan (2003-11-04).
467:"List of Permitted Food Additives with Other Accepted Uses"
700:
Brominated Battle: Soda
Chemical Has Cloudy Health History
677:"Straight from the Hip: What is Brominated Vegetable Oil?"
572:
131:
In the United States, BVO was designated in 1958 as
543:"Brominated vegetable oil: Why is BVO in my drink?"
705:WHO/Food and Agriculture Organization 1970 report
733:
261:"Pepsi Product Information: Ingredient Glossary"
219:, the use of BVO as a food additive is banned.
674:
637:
212:have prohibited the use of BVO since 1990.
641:Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology
627:. Ministry of Food Processing Industries.
232:of the right eyelid, as well as elevated
668:
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89:
30:that have been modified by atoms of the
26:) is a complex mixture of plant-derived
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135:(GRAS), but this was withdrawn by the
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440:Cimons, Marlene (October 11, 2023).
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13:
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72:used for the same purpose include
14:
763:
693:
601:"Banned emulsifier in soft drink"
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370:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
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222:
137:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
110:Brominated vegetable oil has the
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44:-flavored beverages, especially
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551:. April 5, 2013. Archived from
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408:
383:
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318:
312:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.058
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1:
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145:National Institutes of Health
121:
65:and floating to the surface.
675:Matthew Alice (1999-07-29).
195:glycerol ester of wood rosin
133:generally recognized as safe
78:glycerol ester of wood rosin
7:
625:"DIRECTORS' REPORT 1990-91"
74:sucrose acetate isobutyrate
10:
768:
201:as an alternative to BVO.
150:Earlier, in October 2023,
654:10.3109/15563659709001219
20:Brominated vegetable oil
605:www.europarl.europa.eu
107:
80:(ester gum, E445).
55:
93:
522:Government of Canada
496:Government of Canada
352:(1970), 35(18), 1049
446:The Washington Post
16:Soft drink additive
720:2016-06-01 at the
679:. San Diego Reader
473:. 27 November 2006
240:was diagnosed and
114:8016-94-2 and the
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586:978-0-203-91322-2
160:potassium bromate
76:(SAIB, E444) and
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742:Food emulsifiers
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139:(FDA) in 1970.
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498:. May 21, 2024
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372:. July 2, 2024
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330:echa.europa.eu
326:"EC Inventory"
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306:(3): 678–682.
300:Food Chemistry
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234:serum chloride
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223:Health effects
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191:European Union
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85:iodinated oils
70:food additives
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28:triglycerides
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681:. Retrieved
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608:. Retrieved
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557:. Retrieved
553:the original
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524:. 2024-05-21
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397:. 2024-07-03
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269:the original
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156:Gavin Newsom
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68:Alternative
67:
59:
23:
19:
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548:Mayo Clinic
210:soft drinks
118:232-416-5.
100:linolenoate
46:soft drinks
736:Categories
683:2007-09-17
610:2020-06-18
559:2014-02-17
528:2024-08-17
502:August 17,
477:2020-12-09
451:August 17,
426:2024-09-03
401:2024-09-03
376:2024-07-02
335:2023-11-04
275:2007-09-17
248:References
152:California
122:Regulation
112:CAS number
154:Governor
116:EC number
96:linoleate
718:Archived
420:NBC News
83:Similar
39:emulsify
752:Bromine
662:9140329
265:PepsiCo
238:bromism
189:In the
106:esters.
62:density
35:bromine
32:element
660:
583:
230:ptosis
180:Canada
166:, and
104:oleate
102:, and
42:citrus
217:Japan
206:India
168:Red 3
658:PMID
581:ISBN
504:2024
453:2024
650:doi
308:doi
304:133
215:In
204:In
197:or
178:In
56:Use
50:ppm
24:BVO
738::
656:.
646:35
644:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
