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loadad onto boats from several
European nations. The stone was shipped to be used in urban construction all over Europe. The steep cliffs also allowed ships to moor right by the shores and fill their fresh water supply directly from the small waterfalls that formed after heavy rain, instead if carry it aboard manually. The quarries were in use until the 1930s, when the
305:, Brofjorden was navigable as far up north as Brodalen. The shoreline has receded about 2 km (1.2 mi) to the south since then. The area has been filled in with silt and clay, leaving only the minor BroÀlven river in the middle of the former north part of the fjord. The surrounding area is rich with pre-
412:
quarries were started along the shores of
Bjofjorden at the end of the 19th century. Quays and jetties were built at places such as Skalhamn, FiskebÀcksvik, Sjöbol, LahÀlla, Rixö, VinbrÀcka, HjÀlmedal, Sandvik, Loddebo, Ingeröd, and Krabbevik. The red granite was quarried right by the shoreline and
616:
and meadows intersected by steep cliffs. BroÀlven, established in 1995 with an area of 194 ha (480 acres) comprises the land at the shallow north end of
Brofjorden and the banks of BroÀlven which has its outlet in the fjord. The shallow area at the mouth of the river is a valuable habitat for
590:
up to 500,000 dwt. The product terminal jetties located on the south shore of the
Trommekilen part of the fjord, are a total of 380 m (1,250 ft) and can accommodate tankers up to 80,000 dwt. More than 11 million ton crude oil is delivered to the port every year. In 2015, a system for
506:
and safety became two of the main concerns in planning the refinery. Since the plant would also be very visible in the landscape by the fjord, one of the directives was to make it "the world's most beautiful oil refinery ever". Trial runs with tankers were made on the fjord in summer 1970. The
445:. According to a German captain on a ship loading granite at Rixö quarry, who served on board a submarine during the war, German submarines also used the deep fjord. They would go there to get away from the fighting for a couple of days, to let the crew rest, sleep and "catch their breath".
567:
Sweden's biggest oil port, Brofjorden Port, is located near the mouth of the fjord on the southeast side. With about 22 million ton of cargo handled annually, it is also Sweden's second biggest port. The port facilities at
Brofjorden are owned by
607:
at
Brofjorden, Ryxö island and BroÀlven. Ryxö, sometimes spelt Rixö, established in 1968 with an area of 61 ha (150 acres), is an island in the middle of the fjord. The central part is the island has a
360:
At the beginning of the 20th century, there were several canned food factories around
Brofjorden to process the herring and other sea food products. Because of the good quality of the water, there was an
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475:(OK), was formed in 1945. There were many long and heated debates in the 1960s, about where the refinery should be located. The two main proposed sites were Brofjorden and
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885:
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725:
487:, while Hisingen provided an already exploited area with infrastructure on land. Those against establishing the refinery at Brofjorden were in majority, led by
702:
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archaeological finds. On
Broberg hill are the remnants of a 12th-century fort and the oldest parts of the nearby Bro Church, are from the Middle Ages.
595:
at â162 °C (â260 °F) was installed. On average, there are five tankers per day visiting
Brofjorden. In 2014, the port received 1,400 ships.
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voted in favor of the
Brofjorden site and in September 1971, permission was granted to OK to start building the refinery. At an estimated cost of
628:, a male, a female and a calf, were spotted at the mouth of Brofjorden. They were following a tanker heading for the port at the oil refinery.
226:
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to be used in street lamps. The purest oil, filtrated ten times, was produced at Norra Grundsund just south of the mouth of Brofjorden.
369:
had disappeared from the fjord, only subsistence fishing done by people living by the fjord remained. The canning factory at Sjöbol (
312:
The Ryxö island in the middle of Brofjorden, was a strategic point in the local waterways during the Bronze Age. There are number of
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May 1975. While the plant and the storage tanks for the oil products are above ground and visible for miles around the site, the
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in the fjord around 1920. By then most if the fishing industry had closed down. The herring fishing had declined and by 1915,
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fishing peaked in the 17th and 18th century, fishing industries flourished all around Brofjorden. The primary products were
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that can hold up to 800,000 m (28,000,000 cu ft), blasted out of the granite bedrock below the plant.
201:
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433:. Norwegian boats and ships of all types and sizes came with cargoes consisting of machine parts, especially
438:
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in a southwestânortheasterly direction between the StĂ„ngenĂ€set and HĂ€rnĂ€set peninsulas. Situated between
275:
108:
1045:
75:
1220:
340:. The salted herring was sold to traders from Germany and Holland, and the train oil was exported to
982:
The Brofjorden Case - the government in uncharted waters: how community planning works in reality
921:
773:
978:
Fallet Brofjorden - regering pÄ osÀkert vatten: hur samhÀllsplanering fungerar i verkligheten
163:
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529:
508:
496:
267:
586:, is 135 m (443 ft) long with a depth of 28 m (92 ft) and can receive
471:
Plans for a refinery had been discussed ever since the Swedish consumer-owned oil company
8:
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958:
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661:
635:
Brofjorden panorama as seen from LahÀlla with Preemraff oil refinery in the background.
515:
430:
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366:
414:
1200:
984:]. Nu! (1967), 99-0344976-3 ; 16. Stockholm: Wahlström & Widstrand.
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and five jetties for oil products. The crude oil harbor just southwest of the
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400:) was later razed to make way for the product terminal at Brofjorden Port.
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495:("Save Brofjorden!") was formed and with the newly awakened interest for
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for the British weapons industry, which were transferred to British
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Pub193, 2004 Sailing Directions (Enroute): Skaggerat and Kattegat
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514:. As of 2015, the largest ship to enter the fjord is the 470,000
409:
325:
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341:
1194:
Detailed maps and marine archaeological pictures of Brofjorden
345:
313:
263:
957:]. VÀstra Frölunda: Föreningen RÀdda Brofjorden. 1970.
285:
Brofjorden Port in the fjord is Sweden's largest oil port.
483:. The fjord was deep and wide enough to accommodate large
613:
892:. Sveriges Oljekonsumenters Riksförbund. Archived from
507:
largest tanker to test the fjord was the 230,000-ton
282:
and Ă
byfjorden, it is the smallest of these fjords.
776:[The story behind establishing a refinery]
536:
750â800 million, the refinery was inaugurated on 29
467:
slogan is still visible on cliffs around the fjord.
429:, Brofjorden served as a storage site for part of
1207:
116:
774:"Historien om etableringen av ett raffinaderi"
1165:[Three killer whales in Brofjorden].
1001:
999:
499:, they received a lot of coverage in media.
915:
913:
911:
33:Northeast part of Brofjorden at HollÀndaröd
1044:. Trafikanalys. p. 12. Archived from
693:[Significant cultural locations].
1010:[Swedens's second biggest port].
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854:Swedish National Pensioners' Organisation
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336:made from boiled herring to extract the
1226:Nature reserves in Lysekil Municipality
1006:Spetsmark, Ingvar (14 September 2015).
489:Swedish Society for Nature Conservation
316:on the island and the adjacent shores.
1208:
1161:Hultin, Per-Anders (23 January 2015).
1160:
1141:County administrative boards of Sweden
1112:County administrative boards of Sweden
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691:"Kulturhistoriskt vÀrdefulla miljöer"
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666:. ProStar Publications. p. 66.
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814:[Brofjorden now and then]
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491:. An association under the slogan
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52:
14:
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1187:
1080:. SDK Shipping AB. Archived from
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578:The port has six berths, one for
888:[Scanraff oil refiney].
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737:Swedish National Heritage Board
563:loading at the product terminal
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591:loading and unloading liquid
502:Due to the massive protests,
319:
1231:Ports and harbours of Sweden
1008:"Sveriges nÀst största hamn"
886:"Oljeraffinaderiet Scanraff"
473:Oljekonsumenters Riksförbund
7:
1163:"SpÀckhuggare i Brofjorden"
1033:Saxton, Brita, ed. (2013).
65:Show map of VÀstra Götaland
10:
1247:
931:. Sveriges Hembygdsförbund
822:. Sveriges Hembygdsförbund
784:. Sveriges Hembygdsförbund
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848:[About Brastad].
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16:Fjord in BohuslÀn, Sweden
1074:"The Port of Brofjorden"
976:Svensson, Ronny (1971).
812:"Brofjorden förr och nu"
544:is stored in four large
624:In January 2015, three
388:58.353722°N 11.434306°E
274:, Sweden. It cuts into
242:58.352583°N 11.446278°E
184:4 mi (6.4 km)
1216:VÀstra Götaland County
636:
564:
468:
276:VÀstra Götaland County
109:VÀstra Götaland County
1035:"Shipping goods 2013"
634:
559:
462:
417:forced them to fold.
196:shallow parts Jan-Feb
139:58.35972°N 11.42389°E
1137:www.lansstyrelsen.se
1108:www.lansstyrelsen.se
1084:on 25 September 2015
1012:www.bohuslaningen.se
955:The Brofjorden Files
724:Bergstrand, Thomas.
699:Lysekil Municipality
504:environmental issues
393:58.353722; 11.434306
268:Lysekil Municipality
247:58.352583; 11.446278
1078:www.sdkshipping.com
896:on 14 February 2015
844:Karlsson, Ingemar.
528:November 1970, the
497:nature conservation
384: /
238: /
220:Sections/sub-basins
135: /
1199:2016-03-21 at the
951:Ărendet Brofjorden
637:
565:
469:
431:Operation Bridford
144:58.35972; 11.42389
95:Show map of Sweden
890:www.okhistoria.se
884:Stendahl, Jenny.
860:on 2 January 2018
570:Preemraff Lysekil
519:Burmah Enterprize
493:RĂ€dda Brofjorden!
465:RĂ€dda Brofjorden!
455:Preemraff Lysekil
257:
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1221:Fjords of Sweden
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1051:on 11 March 2016
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1014:. BohuslÀnningen
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772:Fredh, Terje W.
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746:on 21 March 2016
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739:. Archived from
733:www.samla.raa.se
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705:on 25 March 2016
701:. Archived from
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512:Texaco Frankfurt
439:blockade runners
415:Great Depression
404:Granite quarries
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1174:. Retrieved
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1144:. Retrieved
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1115:. Retrieved
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1086:. Retrieved
1082:the original
1077:
1053:. Retrieved
1046:the original
1042:www.trafa.se
1041:
1028:
1016:. Retrieved
1011:
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950:
945:
933:. Retrieved
928:
922:"Scanraff 3"
898:. Retrieved
894:the original
889:
862:. Retrieved
858:the original
849:
846:"Om Brastad"
824:. Retrieved
819:
810:Blad, John.
786:. Retrieved
781:
748:. Retrieved
741:the original
732:
726:"Brofjorden"
719:
707:. Retrieved
703:the original
694:
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623:
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577:
573:oil refinery
566:
560:
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449:Oil refinery
427:World War II
424:
421:World War II
407:
379:11°26âČ03.5âłE
376:58°21âČ13.4âłN
359:
323:
311:
292:
284:
259:
258:
233:11°26âČ46.6âłE
230:58°21âČ09.3âłN
223:Trommekilen
593:natural gas
561:Bit Oktania
509:supertanker
485:oil tankers
391: /
363:oyster farm
356:Early 1900s
293:During the
245: /
181:Max. length
142: /
117:Coordinates
1210:Categories
1133:"BroÀlven"
850:www.pro.se
640:References
619:sea trouts
530:government
481:Gothenburg
408:About ten
320:1600â1700s
299:Bronze Age
260:Brofjorden
130:11°25âČ26âłE
127:58°21âČ35âłN
89:Brofjorden
59:Brofjorden
22:Brofjorden
1167:www.gp.se
612:, mainly
580:crude oil
542:crude oil
443:Skagerrak
334:train oil
295:Stone Age
171:Skagerrak
1197:Archived
1176:15 March
1146:15 March
1117:15 March
1088:15 March
1055:15 March
1018:15 March
935:20 March
900:20 March
864:17 March
826:17 March
788:20 March
750:17 March
709:17 March
660:(2004).
584:sea lane
546:cisterns
477:Hisingen
367:mackerel
350:New York
307:Medieval
303:Iron Age
280:Gullmarn
272:BohuslÀn
158:BroÀlven
111:, Sweden
105:Location
963:1773677
588:tankers
425:During
410:granite
326:herring
289:History
202:Islands
1104:"Ryxö"
988:
986:SELIBR
961:
959:SELIBR
670:
538:
526:
342:London
314:cairns
193:Frozen
1049:(PDF)
1038:(PDF)
980:[
953:[
925:(PDF)
816:(PDF)
778:(PDF)
744:(PDF)
729:(PDF)
524:On 25
346:Paris
324:When
264:fjord
262:is a
1178:2016
1148:2016
1119:2016
1090:2016
1057:2016
1020:2016
990:7464
937:2016
902:2016
866:2016
828:2016
790:2016
752:2016
711:2016
668:ISBN
658:NIMA
614:oaks
463:The
348:and
332:and
301:and
209:Ryxö
534:SEK
516:dwt
479:in
338:oil
266:in
212:Arö
1212::
1169:.
1139:.
1135:.
1110:.
1106:.
1076:.
1065:^
1040:.
998:^
927:.
910:^
874:^
852:.
836:^
818:.
798:^
780:.
760:^
735:.
731:.
697:.
682:^
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