1014:"Solve and resume." Respect your obligation first, then you can ask for reimbursement. Used in those situations in which one of the two (or more) parties needs to complete his obligation before being allowed to ask for the opposite obligation to be respected by his counter party. Usually this principle is used in fields and subjects in which a certain general steadiness or uniformity of the system is considered a particularly relevant value. The case is typical of service contracts with repeated obligations (like with gas, water, electricity providers and similars), in which irregularities on one side cannot be balanced if not in a regular situation (i.e., of payments) on the other side. The customer, for example, might be asked to pay regularly the new bill, before contesting the previous one in which he found irregular calculations, and asking for a balancement with newer bills; he thus cannot by himself determine a discount in the next payment.
1457:
25:
825:"No penalty without law" or "no crime, no punishment without a previous penal law". (1) One cannot be prosecuted for doing something that is not prohibited by law. (2) One cannot be prosecuted for doing something that was not prohibited by law at the time and place it was committed, notwithstanding laws made since that time. A form of prohibition on retroactive laws.
795:"Not to do evil that good may come." Performing some illegal action is not excused by the fact that a positive result came therefrom. Often used to argue that some forms of expression, such as graffiti or pornographic films, cannot be given the protection of law (e.g. copyright) as they are or may be considered illegal or morally reprehensible.
633:"The judge does not calculate." A principle that calculation errors made by the court do not invalidate the judgement on a technicality. Also taken to mean that the judge does not tally up the arguments of both sides and decide in favor of the more numerous, but rather weighs all of the evidence without regard to the number of arguments made.
955:
What has been agreed/decided between people (a specific group) can neither benefit nor harm a third party (meaning: two or more people cannot agree amongst each other to establish an obligation for a third party who was not involved in the negotiation; furthermore, any benefit that may be established
171:, although some sources disagree. Begun in AD 1008, the materials took Burchard four years to compile. He wrote it while living in a small structure on top of a hill in the forest outside Worms, after his defeat of Duke Otto and while raising his adopted child. The collection, which he called the
731:"No one gives what they do not have." The basic rule that a person who does not own property (e.g. a thief) cannot confer it on another except with the true owner's authority (i.e. as his agent). Exceptions to this rule include sales under statutory powers, and cases where the doctrine of
1006:"Use your property so as not to injure that of your neighbours." While an individual is entitled to the use and enjoyment of one's estate, the right is not without limits. Restrictions can give rise to tort/delict actions including trespass, negligence, and nuisance.
933:"What is not in the register is not in the world." What is not reported in the (related, referring) registry, has no legal relevance. Used when a formal act (usually a recording or a transcription) is required in order to give consistence, content or efficacy to a
200:
in this collection, under the belief that it dated from an episcopal "Council of
Anquira" in AD 314, but no other evidence of this council exists. Because of this inclusion, Burchard has been described as something of a rationalist. As the source of
1042:"Equity aids the vigilant, not the sleeping." Concept that if an opposing party unreasonably delays bringing an action, that it is no longer considered just to hear their claim, due to fundamental changes in circumstance brought on by their delay.
231:
Spargo points out that early compilations of brocards sometimes contained miscellaneous trivia in Latin, and a hard association of the term "brocard" with a legal maxim came later. As an example, he quotes a 1521 work published in
Toulouse:
1022:"When the law wills, it speaks; when it does not will, it is silent." When the law wants to regulate a matter in further detail, it does regulate the matter; when it does not want to regulate a matter in further detail, it remained silent.
779:
348:, an 18th century authority on canon law, declared association to be solely due to a similarity in sound, and stated that the origin of the term is "very uncertain". So did the Encyclopédie des sciences ecclésiastiques in 1937.
1032:"No one is obligated (to do) more than he can." Specifies that one should do what he can to support the community, but since everyone has different levels of ability, it cannot be expected that all will perform the same.
477:
1052:"Injury is not done to the willing." Notion that a person cannot bring a claim against another for injury, if said person willingly placed themselves in a situation where they knew injury could result.
579:"The general does not detract from the specific." Specifies that a certain matter of law be covered by the most specific laws pertaining, in the event that broader laws conflict with the specific one.
623:"For among arms, the laws fall silent." A concept that during war, many illegal activities occur. Also taken to mean that in times of war, laws are suppressed, ostensibly for the good of the country.
789:
901:, generally abbreviated "prout &c.", to indicate that a fact was supported by documentary evidence. Failure to use this phrase correctly could be a fatal defect and so cause a case to fail.
785:"No one can transfer a greater right than he himself has." A purchaser of stolen goods will not become the rightful owner thereof, since the seller himself was not the owner to begin with.
739:
911:"Who acts through another, acts himself." One who delegates a task to another, takes full responsibility for the performance of that act as if he himself had done it. Basis for the
372:"Action free in its cause". A person who voluntarily and deliberately gets himself into circumstances where he involuntary commits a crime (say, kills someone while driving drunk).
883:
873:
643:"The court knows the law." Concept that parties to a case do not need to define how the law applies to their case. The court is solely responsible for determining what laws apply.
525:"The law arises from the facts." A principle in international law that one must take facts on the ground into account when considering the legality of certain kinds of questions.
775:"No one shall be a judge in his own case." Prevents conflict of interest in courts. Often invoked when there is really no conflict, but when there is even the appearance of one.
453:"Whoever's is the soil, all the way to heaven and to the depths is theirs." Used in reference to the rights of property owners to the air above, and land below, their property.
386:"Listen to the other side", or "let the other side be heard as well". Refers to the idea that one cannot be fairly judged unless the cases for and against them have been heard.
755:
947:"The thing speaks for itself." Used in tort/delict law when there is no proof of what caused the harm, but it is most likely only the thing that could have caused the harm.
657:
is written for the vigilant". It emphasises that private law is written for people who are vigilant in pursuing their interests and diligently care for their own affairs.
863:
761:"Not knowing the law is harmful." Everyone should know the law. This is used in European Law-countries with a history of Roman law; the 'sentence' was first made by
960:
447:
819:
1115:
980:"The good of the people shall be the supreme law." Used variously as a motto, a reminder, or a notion of how the law and governments in general should be.
418:"Consensus makes law". Stipulates that when two or more persons arrive at a good faith agreement, the law will insist on that agreement being carried out.
597:"In clear things no interpretation is made." When a rule is clearly intelligible, there is no need of proposing a (usually extensive) interpretation.
569:"Let justice be done though the heavens fall." Also sometimes a motto, a legal maxim that justice must be done regardless of the result otherwise.
473:"The law does not concern itself with the smallest things". There must be a minimal level of substance or impact in order to bring a legal action.
535:"The express mention of one thing excludes all others." When items are listed, anything not explicitly stated is assumed to not be included.
715:
1141:
661:
996:(that finally consents to consider a judgement completed), its content will then be the only legally relevant consideration of a fact.
443:
does not run against those who cannot act; this is the basis of the
American discovery rule limiting prescriptive limitation periods.
545:"From a dishonorable cause an action does not arise." A party cannot bring a legal action for consequences of his own illegal act.
1219:
428:"Custom is held as law." Where no laws apply to a given situation, the customs of the place and time will have the force of law.
687:"The law does not operate retroactively." A law cannot make something illegal that was legal at the time it was performed. See
667:"The laws of man are born, live, and die." Illustrates that laws are made, are in force for a period, and then become obsolete.
400:"Accident is felt by the owner". The owner has to assume the risk of accidental harm to him or accidental loss to his property.
1159:
897:"As appears in the record". Used to cite something that has already been admitted into the record. It was frequently used in
529:
647:
150:
89:
1000:
695:
61:
705:
573:
1380:
1264:
108:
410:"No one suffers punishment for mere intent." A crime is only committed through some act, not through a mere thought.
1488:
919:
905:
404:
180:
68:
869:"Earlier in time, stronger in right." "The law favors those who establish their rights earlier rather than later."
745:"No one shall be a judge in his own case." In the past it was thought that it included just two rules, namely (1)
853:
556:
539:
721:"No one can be heard, who invokes his own guilt." Nobody can bring a case that stems from their own illegal act.
1119:
549:
509:
46:
42:
1307:
1498:
1175:
974:
457:
75:
605:"One has no need to respect his obligation if the counter-party has not respected his own." This is used in
483:"Doubtful things should be interpreted in the best way." Often spoken as "to give the benefit of the doubt".
671:
617:
583:
422:
362:"On the plaintiff rests the proving". The burden of proof falls to the plaintiff, claimant, or petitioner.
1259:. E. Hilton Jackson (editor) (abridged, reprint ed.). The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. 1915. p. 189.
57:
1493:
1280:
1026:
345:
505:
laws must be followed and enforced; if one disagrees with the result, one must seek to change the law.
1067:
563:
333:
467:
302:
291:
281:
191:
1478:
1046:
769:
747:
725:
35:
711:"Evil acts are distinguished from (evil) purposes" or "crimes are distinguished by evil intent".
1483:
799:
701:"A law governing a specific subject matter overrides a law which only governs general matters."
610:
606:
1337:
252:
228:, a collection of religious laws he endorsed as just and hoped to have officially approbated.
813:
677:"A later law repeals an earlier one." More recent law overrules older law on the same matter.
440:
366:
1151:
519:
390:
805:"No punishment without fault." A person can not be punished for a crime that they are not
8:
839:
376:
217:, a much larger collection that further attempted to reconcile contradictory elements of
82:
1438:
1430:
1414:
1274:
1140:
Mann, Trischa; Blunden, Audrey (June 12, 2010). Mann, Trischa; Blunden, Audrey (eds.).
967:
681:
627:
260:
1223:
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1155:
941:
688:
487:
337:
297:
275:
212:
160:
1406:
1147:
1072:
835:"Now for then." The form of a current order intended to be effective retroactively.
637:
555:"Let there be justice, though the world perish." Often used as a motto, notably by
502:
1397:
Spargo, John
Webster (July 1948). "The Etymology and Early Evolution of Brocard".
305:, and their use is being replaced by that of vernacular substitutes. For example,
133:
that is, in a strict sense, derived from traditional legal authorities, even from
1036:
1461:
989:
233:
196:
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to briefly indicate a principle (adopted in some systems) referred to as the
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146:
134:
956:
will have to be accepted by the third party before it can be implemented).
1062:
992:
is declared, it is considered to be the truth. In the case of a sentence
806:
654:
498:
126:
1456:
1434:
186:
Along with numerous documents from a variety of sources, including the
1116:"Influences of Roman Law and Civil Law on the Common Law - PDFSR.com"
762:
317:
263:. Latin legal phrases are used in English only because Latin was the
256:
218:
202:
1410:
24:
732:
313:
273:. Although some of these phrases are in common use in law, such as
951:
Res inter alios acta vel iudicata, aliis nec nocet nec prodocet
1353:
Benson, Marjorie L; Bowden, Marie-Ann; Newman, Dwight (2008).
1318:
849:
contracts establish obligations (between those who sign them).
1237:
984:
Sententia quae in rem iudicatam transit, pro veritate habetur
934:
735:
prevents a legal owner from denying a seller's right to sell.
130:
324:
in which "brocards are regarded as part of the common law".
155:
According to the dictionaries, the word is a variant of the
1393:, 4th edn. Edinburgh: W. Green / Sweet & Maxwell, 1993.
966:"The king can do no wrong." Used to describe the basis for
898:
497:
harsh, but the law." It follows from the principle of the
780:
Nemo plus iuris ad alium transferre potest quam ipse habet
494:
309:
previously included numerous brocards among its entries.
1084:
463:"That which has been delegated cannot delegate further."
448:
Cuius est solum eius est usque ad coelum et ad inferos
301:, the common law is not premised on the principles of
240:(a bookcase is a place where the books are returned).
1200:
1188:
1096:
820:
nullum crimen, nulla poena sine praevia lege poenali
845:"Agreements are to be kept." Contracts are the law
224:Burchard spent the years 1023 to 1025 promulgating
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1352:
1470:
1370:
1324:
1243:
1037:Vigilantibus non dormientibus aequitas subvenit
226:Leges et Statuta Familiae S. Petri Wormatiensis
1371:Fellmeth, Aaron X.; Horwitz, Maurice (2009).
859:"Equals have no sovereignty over each other."
478:Dubia in meliorem partem interpretari debent
1139:
716:Nemo auditur propriam turpitudinem allegans
340:, although contemporary Latin spelling was
210:
929:Quod non est in registro, non est in Mundo
751:(no one shall be a judge in his own case).
662:Leges humanae nascuntur, vivunt, moriuntur
1018:Ubi lex voluit, dixit; ubi noluit, tacuit
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1471:
1396:
1206:
1194:
1102:
1090:
790:Non faciat malum, ut inde veniat bonum
238:Armaria est locus ubi libri reponuntur
530:Expressio unius est exclusio alterius
1339:The American jurist and law magazine
1164:– via www.oxfordreference.com.
1152:10.1093/acref/9780195557558.001.0001
648:Ius civile vigilantibus scriptum est
589:"Ignorance of the law is no excuse."
515:"Proof lies on the one who asserts."
312:Although the Romans did not conquer
151:Legal history of the Catholic Church
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1375:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1373:Guide to Latin in International Law
1001:Sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas
696:Lex specialis derogat legi generali
336:, derive the term from the name of
13:
1176:"Glossary of Scottish Legal Terms"
706:Maleficia propositis distinguuntur
574:Generalia specialibus non derogant
344:. Spargo in 1948 pointed out that
209:was supplanted around 1150 by the
16:Legal principle expressed in Latin
14:
1510:
1450:
1357:(2nd ed.). Thomson Carswell.
1455:
920:Quod est necessarium est licitum
906:Qui facit per alium facit per se
879:"Before you hear, do not judge."
740:Nemo debet esse iudex in propria
601:Inadimplenti non est adimplendum
405:Cogitationis poenam nemo patitur
332:Multiple sources, including the
259:has had negligible influence on
23:
1355:Understanding Property: A Guide
1346:
1330:
1300:
1288:
1249:
854:Par in parem non habet imperium
593:In claris non fit interpretatio
557:Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
540:Ex turpi causa non oritur actio
432:Contra non valentem agere nulla
34:needs additional citations for
1212:
1168:
1133:
1108:
925:"What is necessary is lawful."
889:"Proof overcomes presumption."
884:Probatio vincit praesumptionem
874:Prius quam exaudias ne iudices
550:Fiat justitia et pereat mundus
510:Ei incumbit probatio qui dicit
179:, became a primary source for
1:
1460:The dictionary definition of
1364:
975:Salus populi suprema lex esto
458:Delegatus non potest delegare
358:Actori incumbit onus probatio
167:, who compiled 20 volumes of
672:Lex posterior derogat priori
618:Inter arma enim silent leges
584:Ignorantia juris non excusat
423:Consuetudo pro lege servatur
327:
7:
1325:Fellmeth & Horwitz 2009
1244:Fellmeth & Horwitz 2009
1146:. Oxford University Press.
1056:
756:Nemo ius ignoratur censetur
351:
10:
1515:
1027:Ultra posse nemo obligatur
346:Friedrich Carl von Savigny
163:(died AD 1025), Bishop of
144:
140:
1308:"nemo dat quod non habet"
1143:Australian Law Dictionary
1068:List of legal Latin terms
864:Prior tempore potior iure
564:Fiat justitia ruat caelum
334:Oxford English Dictionary
1078:
893:Prout patet per recordum
468:De minimis non curat lex
292:de minimis non curat lex
282:novus actus interveniens
194:, Burchard included the
192:Saint Augustine of Hippo
1489:Latin legal terminology
1047:Volenti non fit injuria
770:Nemo judex in sua causa
748:nemo iudex in causa sua
726:Nemo dat quod non habet
382:audiatur et altera pars
1391:Trayner’s Latin Maxims
1295:Black's Law Dictionary
1285:citing Jenk. Cent. 290
1279:: CS1 maint: others (
961:Rex non potest peccare
800:Nulla poena sine culpa
611:synallagmatic contract
307:Black's Law Dictionary
237:
211:
814:Nulla poena sine lege
441:statute of limitation
414:Consensus facit legem
367:Actio libera in causa
1499:Legal interpretation
1342:, vol. 11, 1834
520:Ex factis jus oritur
391:Casum sentit dominus
173:Collectarium Canonum
169:Ecclesiastical Rules
43:improve this article
1093:, pp. 472–473.
840:Pacta sunt servanda
435:currit praescriptio
377:Audi alteram partem
988:When a definitive
968:sovereign immunity
682:Lex retro non agit
628:Iudex non calculat
261:English common law
58:"Brocard" law
1494:Canon law history
1257:Latin for Lawyers
1161:978-0-19-555755-8
942:Res ipsa loquitur
689:ex post facto law
488:Dura lex, sed lex
298:consensus ad idem
276:res ipsa loquitur
213:Decretum Gratiani
161:Burchard of Worms
119:
118:
111:
93:
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1312:Oxford Reference
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1222:. Archived from
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1185:
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1165:
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1131:
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1128:
1127:
1118:. Archived from
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1073:Maxims of equity
994:in rem iudicatam
638:Iura novit curia
396:res perit domino
338:Bishop Burkhardt
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1010:Solve et repete
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1481:
1479:Brocards (law)
1466:at Wiktionary
1452:
1451:External links
1449:
1448:
1447:
1405:(3): 472–476.
1394:
1389:John Trayner.
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157:Latinized name
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36:verification
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1207:Spargo 1948
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1063:Legal maxim
499:rule of law
320:is a mixed
127:legal maxim
1473:Categories
1365:References
1230:2004-05-02
1181:2021-06-14
1126:2016-01-21
501:that even
342:Burkhardus
145:See also:
69:newspapers
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1419:2040-8072
1275:cite book
1220:"Bouvier"
899:pleadings
763:Aristotle
655:Civil law
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503:draconian
328:Etymology
318:Scots Law
303:civil law
257:Roman Law
219:canon law
203:canon law
181:canon law
1399:Speculum
1057:See also
990:sentence
733:estoppel
352:Examples
314:Scotland
207:Decretum
177:Decretum
99:May 2022
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295:, and
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141:History
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253:55 BC
234:Latin
131:Latin
125:is a
90:JSTOR
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1377:ISBN
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